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Background: Due to the COVID -19 pandemic, many people in the public sector, including teachers, have had to work remotely via social media. This may have contributed to their exposure to musculoskeletal pain. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate upper extremity disorders as a consequence of online teaching. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 410 teachers (75% male and 25% female) with a mean age of 40.1 years working with telecommunications. Participants were asked to fill out an online survey that included sociodemographic information, type of pain, location of pain, and a self-assessment of pain intensity. Results: The majority of participants (92%) reported upper limb pain. Among the upper limbs, the shoulder was the most commonly affected joint, as 29% of teachers who had upper limb complaints reported pain in the shoulder. Teachers also reported pain sensations in different parts of the upper limbs as follows: 20% in the wrist, 14% in the hands, 12% in the arm, 8% in the elbow, and 8% in the forearm. In addition, 48% of teachers reported that they rarely exercise. Conclusion: Despite telecommunications helping teachers to stay healthy by reducing the risk of infections, they also impose new requirements on the workplace that can endanger the health of workers. Preventive factors, such as upper limb exercises during remote work or the provision of an ergonomic environment by health policy makers, can also help reduce the risk of musculoskeletal disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To systematically review the predominant complication rates and changes to patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) following osteochondral allograft (OCA) transplantation for shoulder instability., Methods: This systematic review, following PRISMA guidelines and registered in PROSPERO, involved a comprehensive literature search using PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus. Key search terms included "allograft", "shoulder", "humerus", and "glenoid". The review encompassed 37 studies with 456 patients, focusing on primary outcomes like failure rates and secondary outcomes such as PROMs and functional test results., Results: A meta-analysis of primary outcomes across 17 studies revealed a dislocation rate of 5.1% and an increase in reoperation rates from 9.3% to 13.7% post-publication bias adjustment. There was also a noted rise in conversion to total shoulder arthroplasty and incidence of osteoarthritis/osteonecrosis over longer follow-up periods. Patient-reported outcomes and functional tests generally showed improvement, albeit with notable variability across studies. A concerning observation was the consistent presence of allograft resorption, with rates ranging from 33% to 80%. Comparative studies highlighted similar efficacy between distal tibial allografts and Latarjet procedures in most respects, with some differences in specific tests., Conclusion: OCA transplantation presents a promising treatment option for shoulder instability, effectively addressing both glenoid and humeral head defects with favourable patient-reported outcomes. These findings advocate for the inclusion of OCA transplantation in treatment protocols for shoulder instability, while also emphasizing the need for further high-quality, long-term research to better understand the procedure's efficacy profile., Competing Interests: The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose. The authors have no competing interests to declare relevant to this article's content. All authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial or non-financial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript. The authors have no financial or proprietary interests in any material discussed in this article., (© 2024 Poursalehian et al.)