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Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) are responsible for wide ranges of extra-intestinal diseases in poultry including colibacillosis, cellulitis, coligranuloma and yolk sac infection. Numbers of virulence are considered important in the pathogenicity of these diseases. The aims of the present study were phylogenetic typing and virulence genes detection in Escherichia coli isolates from colibacillosis and cellulitis of broiler chickens in poultry slaughterhouses of Shahrbabak region, Kerman, Iran. A total number of eighty three E. coli isolates were taken from broiler chickens with colibacillosis and thirty four isolates were taken from carcasses with cellulitis in the industrial slaughterhouses. Biochemically confirmed E. coli isolates were subjected to polymerase chain reaction assay to determine phylogenetic groups and presence of pap C, sfa/focDE, iucD, afaIB-C, hlyA, fimH and crl virulence genes. Colibacillosis isolates were belonged to A (54.21%), B1 (7.22%), B2 (6.03%) and D (32.53%) phylogroups. Whereas, the isolates from cellulitis cases were belonged to three main phylogroups; A (55.88%), B1 (5.88%) and D (38.24%). Statistical analysis showed a specific association between the presence of crl virulence gene and phylogroups of A and D in colibacillosis isolates. The results showed that the isolates from both diseases in broiler chickens could be assigned to various phylogenetic groups (mainly A(. Also, the virulence genes profile of cellulitis E. coli is completely different from that of colibacillosis in this region.

Colibacillosis caused by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is an economic threat to the poultry industry throughout the world. Some of the virulence genes may enhance the ability of E. coli isolates to grow in the tissues of broilers. The APEC strains are assigned to a few distinct phylogenetic groups. The purpose of the present study was to detect the virulence genes and phylogenetic groups of E. coli isolates from colibacillosis cases in Japanese quail in 2014 in Kerman, Iran. In the present study, one hundred and two E. coli isolates were obtained from dead Japanese quails with colibacillosis. E. coli isolates were confirmed by standard biochemical and bacteriological methods. DNA of E. coli isolates was extracted by boiling method. The confirmed E. coli isolates were investigated to detect the phylogenetic groups and virulence genes including sfa/focDE, afaIBC, papEF by PCR methods. E. coli isolates were classified into A (62 isolates), B1 (24 isolates), B2 (12 isolates) and D (four isolates) phylogenetic groups. Among examined isolates nine isolates (8.82%) were positive for papE-F, five isolates (4.90%) for afaIB-C and two isolates (1.96%) for sfa/focD-E genes. Based on our findings, E. coli isolates from colibacillosis of Japanese quail could be assigned to various phylogenetic groups (mostly A and D), and they may contain the adhesion genes in a low prevalence.

Aim: The aims of this study were to investigate the phenotypic and genotypic of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) and determine phylogenetic background E. coli isolates from fecal samples of patients with diarrhea in Kerman, southeast of Iran Background: The emergence of ESBLs and MBLs-producing E. coli caused problems in antibiotic treatments. E. coli strains can be assigned to four main phylog-groups, including: A, B1, B2 and D. Patients and methods: E. coli isolates (n=216) were obtained from fecal samples of patients with diarrhea between June and December 2013. ESBLs and MBLs were confirmed by disk-diffusion and broth micro-dilution methods. Using PCR, the ESBL-positive isolates were screened to determine the phylo-groups and the presence of blaCTX-M-15, blaOXA-1, blaPER-1, blaVIM and blaIMP genes. Results: ESBL-positive isolates (n= 56) were detected. Among ESBL-positive isolates, 51 isolates were positive for blaCTX-M15 and one isolate was positive for both blaCTX-M-15 and blaOXA-1 genes. None of the isolates were positive for blaPER-1, blaVIM and blaIMP genes. PCR assay for phylotyping of isolates indicated that the isolates were belonged to groups A (54.16%), B1 (11.11%), B2 (12.96%) and D (21.75%). The isolates possessed blaCTX-M-15 gene were belonged to A (35 isolates), B1 (5), B2 (3) and D (8) phylo-groups. Conclusion: Our results indicate that blaCTX-M-15 gene is widespread among diarrheagenic E. coli isolates. ESBL-producing E. coli isolates were disseminated among a diversity of phylo-groups. Further studies are necessary to identify the ESBL genes in relation to phylogenetic groups.

Nocardia spp. sığırlarda mastit, kutanöz ve subkutanöz apseler, pneumoni ve yaygın hastalıklara neden olmaktadır. Bir koyunda Nocardia spp.’ya bağlı pulmoner enfeksiyon belirlendi. Makroskopide hasta akciğerinde çoklu beyaz, sabit, küçük nödüller gözlendi. Mikroskopide makrofajlı poligranulomatöz yangı odakları, çok çekirdekli (langhans-type) dev hücreler ve rozet şeklinde eosinofilik (Splendor-Hoeppli reaction) bölgeler gözlendi. Akciğer doku örnekleri sığır kanlı agarda 37 o C’de 48-72 saat aerobik şartlarda inkübe edildi. Dokular Gram ve modifiye Zeihl-Neelsen ile boyandı. Bakteriyolojik incelemede ince çok sayıda, gram-pozitif, boncuklu, filamentli ve non-asit hızlı organizmalar olduğunu gözlendi. Sonuçta bakteriyolojik, histopatalojik ve makroskobik bulgular pulmonary nokardiozis olgusunu doğruladı ve bu vaka İran’da koyunda gözlenen ilk pulmonar nokardiozis olgusudur, Nocardia spp. are known as causes of bovine mastitis, pneumonia, cutaneous or subcutaneous abscesses and disseminated disease. Pulmonary infection by Nocardia spp. was diagnosed in a sheep. Grossly, the animal had multiple white, firm, and small nodules in the lung. Microscopically, the nodules consisted of foci of pyogranulomatous inflammation with the presence of macrophages, multinucleated (langhans-type) giant cells and eosinophilic amorphous material with rosette-shape configurations (Splendore-Hoeppli reaction). Tissue samples of the lung were streaked onto bovine blood agar, incubated at 37 o C for 48-72 hours under aerobic condition, and stained with Gram and modified Zeihl-Neelsen staining. Bacteriological investigations confirmed numerous thin, gram-positive, beaded, branching, filamentous and nonacid fast organisms. Finally, on the basis of characteristic gross, histopathological and bacteriological findings pulmonary nocardiosis was diagnosed, and this is the first reported case of pulmonary nocardiosis in a sheep in Iran.

Escherichia coli tarafından oluşturulan koligranüloma barsakduvarları, mezenter ve karaciğerde nodüler granullerlekarakterizedir. Mevcut araştırma bir güvercinde makroskobikve histopatalojik olarak tanısı konulmuş koligranülomayıtanıtmaktadır. Makroskobik olarak karaciğer, uviduk,pankreas ve barsakların serozal yüzeylerinde çok odaklınodüler lezyonlar gözlendi. Histopatalojik inceleme içinetkilene organlardan örnekler alınarak boyamalar yapıldı.Hasta organlardan bakteriyel muayene için incelemeler yapıldı.Etkilenen organlardan E. coli izolasyonu gerçekleştirildi.Histopatalojik olarak bakteri kolonilerinin etrafındaheterofiller, çok çekirdekli dev hücreler, makrofajlar ile lenfositlergözlendi. Ayrıca kazeöz nekrozlu tipik granülomalargözlendi. Makroskobik, histopatolojik ve mikrpbiyolojikbulgular koligranülomayı doğrulamaktadır. Bilindiği kadarıile mevcut araştırma güvercinlerde rapor edilen ilk koligranülomavakasıdır., Coliganuloma is characterized by nodular granulomas inliver, mesentery and walls of intestine and is caused byEscherichia coli. This article describes gross and histopathologicalcharacteristics of coligranuloma in a pigeon. Grossly,there were observed multifocal nodular lesions on the serosalsurface of the intestine, oviduct, pancreas, gizzard andliver. For the histopathological study, tissue samples fromthe affected organs were taken and stained. The affectedorgans were processed for the bacteriological examination.Escherichia coli was isolated from affected tissues. Histopathologically,there were found typical granulomas withcaseation necrosis and bacterial colonies in central areasurrounded by lymphocytes, macrophages, multinucleatedgiant cells and heterophils. Based on gross, histopathologicaland microbiological findings, coligranuloma was diagnosed.To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reportof coligranuloma in pigeon.