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Colorectal cancer (CRC), currently the second most widespread cancer globally, exhibits a higher incidence in young individuals. Advancements have been made in developing anti-colorectal cancer drugs, including cytotoxic chemicals, in the past few decades. There is a need for new and innovative medications to overcome the current challenges in cancer treatment. Recent research examined the efficacy of innovative formulations in the prevention of colorectal cancer. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of a niosome formulation loaded with Enciprazine hydrochloride (Nio-USAN). We assessed the anti-colorectal cancer characteristics of Nio-USAN by employing several techniques including CCK-8, invasion test, MTT test, flow cytometry, and cell cycle assessment. Quantitative real-time PCR was utilized to assess the transcription of genes linked to apoptosis. The F1-Nio-USAN and F2-Nio-USAN have average sizes of 200 and 500 nm, respectively. The entrapment effectiveness (EE%) of the F1-Nio-USAN and F2-Nio-USAN was measured to be 85.32 ± 0.27 % and 87.12 ± 0.35 %, respectively. The F1-Nio-USAN group exhibited the following percentages of HT-29 cell states: 43 % early apoptosis, 21 % late apoptosis, 7 % necrotic, and 29 % viable. The levels of transcription for cas8, Bid, BAX, cas9, and cas3 were significantly elevated in the treatment groups as compared to the PBS control group (P

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common metabolic diseases in the world. Studies have shown that nitric oxide (NO) promotes re-epithelialization and stimulates angiogenesis and neovascularization. This study aimed to investigate the effect of exogenous NO on diabetic wound healing. Materials and Methods: This study was performed on 63 male BALB/c mice. For type 2 diabetes induction, the animals were fed a high-fat diet followed by a single dose of streptozotocin (STZ) (35 mg/kg) injection intraperitoneally. Acidified nitrite cream was prepared with 3.0% (w/v) sodium nitrite (SN) and 4.5% (w/v) citric acid monohydrate, respectively, in the aqueous cream base. Histopathological examinations were performed using hematoxylin and eosin and Masson’s trichrome staining. Results: The results showed that in the silver sulfadiazine-treated group, the size of the wound surface on the 7th day was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced compared to the control group. There was a significant (P < 0.005) decrease in the size of the wound in the SN-treated group on days 7 and 14 compared to the control group. The results of histopathological studies also showed that re-epithelialization and granulation in the diabetic wound site increased in the groups treated with acidified nitrite cream compared to other groups. Conclusion: The use of topical acidified nitrite cream increases the speed of wound healing and it accelerates the healing of diabetic wounds in mice by causing a delay in the inflammation process and increasing the speed of re-epithelialization.

Abstract Even though Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a serious pathogen, its origin is unknown. Poultry (Chicken, Turkey, Quebec, Goose, and Ostrich) are consumed as a regular protein source by a large number of people across the world; therefore, sanitary ways of delivering poultry for food are important for global health. As a result, we looked at the distribution of the pathogenicity cagA, vacA, babA2, oipA, and iceA in H. pylori isolates in poultry meat, as well as their antimicrobial resistance. Wilkins Chalgren anaerobic bacterial medium was used to cultivate 320 raw poultry specimens. Disk diffusion and Multiplex-PCR were used to investigate antimicrobial resistance and genotyping patterns, separately. H. pylori was found in 20 of 320 (6.25%) raw poultry samples. The highest incidence of H. pylori was found in chicken raw meat (15%), whereas the fewest was found in Goose and Quebec (0.00%). Resistance to ampicillin (85%), tetracycline (85%), and amoxicillin (75%) were greatest in H. pylori isolates. The percentage of H. pylori isolates with a MAR value of more than 0.2 was 17/20 (85%). The most prevalent genotypes discovered were VacA s1a (75%), m1a (75%), s2 (70%) and m2 (65%), and cagA (60%). The most typically discovered genotype patterns were s1am1a (45%), s2m1a (45%), and s2m2 (30%). BabA2, OipA + , and OipA− genotypes were found in 40%, 30%, and 30% of the population. In summary, the poultry flesh was polluted by H. pylori, with the babA2, vacA, and cagA genotypes being more prevalent. The simultaneous occurrence of vacA, cagA, iceA, oipA, and babA2 genotypes in antibiotic-resistant H. pylori bacteria implies a serious public health concern about raw poultry eating. In the future, researchers should look into H. pylori's resistance to multiple antibacterial drugs in Iran.

Introduction: Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) is a non-fermentative gram-negative coccobacillus that shows high resistance to antimicrobial compounds. Biofilm formation is one of the essential features of many Acinetobacter species that leads to high antibiotic resistance. This study aimed to evaluate the ability of biofilm formation and determine the antibiofilm activity of chitosan nanoparticles in clinical isolates of A. baumannii. Material & Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 2021 and investigated 100 isolates collected from different hospitals. Microscopic, biochemical, and molecular tests were performed to identify the bacteria. The antibiotic resistance pattern of the isolates was evaluated by the disk diffusion method against 10 antibiotics, and the ability to produce biofilm was evaluated by microtiter plate method. Subsequently, 16SrRNA and CsuA genes were identified by multiplex-PCR molecular methods. After the preparation of chitosan nanoparticles and determination of MIC concentration, antibiofilm activity was measured by plate microtiter, and Real-Time PCR was used to examine the expression of the CsuA gene involved in biofilm. Findings: In this study, out of 100 isolates examined, 29 isolates were confirmed as A. baumannii. Among 29 isolates, ceftazidime had the highest drug resistance (75.86%). The CsuA gene was detected in 51.72% of the isolates. Moreover, using a microtiter plate and Real-Time PCR, the level of antibiotic activity of chitosan nanoparticles was determined at a significant level of P

Objective Compared to other primary photosynthetic products (such as sucrose and starch), little is known about sugar metabolism and how it is integrated with others. Mannose-6-phosphate reductase (M6PR) is a key enzyme involved in mannitol biosynthesis in celery. This study aimed to clone the gene, express and purify the M6PR enzyme and investigate its function on mutated genes in a laboratory environment. Materials and methods First, the mRNA was extracted from the celery plant, then the cDNA was synthesized, and the product was used as a template to amplify the M6PR gene. The PCR product was purified in a DNA gel extraction kit. The purified PCR product was cloned into the pTZ57R vector according to the T/A Cloning recipe (Fermentase Company). Susceptible cells of E.coli strain Top10 were prepared using the biochemical method of calcium chloride, and the recombinant vector inside it was transformed and cultured on a plate containing ampicillin. The cloning accuracy was done using M6PR gene PCR and enzymatic digestion of the recombinant plasmid by BamHI and SacI enzymes (Fermentase Company). The M6PR gene was homogenized in the expression plasmid pET32a and transferred into E.coli strain BL2I. The promoter was induced with IPTG and analyzed by western blotting. The protein was purified by affinity chromatography column (His. Tag/S.Tag). Results The results showed that the enzyme could identify the heteroduplex regions of the gene. The recombinant M6PR purified from Escherichia coli had specific molecular activity. The results of double digestion of the plasmid with SacI and BamHI enzymes were 2870 bp and 186 bp fragments. According to the blast test result, the current fragment had 100% similarity with the M6PR gene of the celery plant. M6PR recombinant gene transcription results showed that the M6PR recombinant gene transcription rate was 2.3 in the transgenic strains and 0.32 in control, which showed a statistically significant difference at the P

ABSTRACT: Major viral infections, such as Newcastle disease virus, infectious bronchitis virus, avian influenza virus, and infectious bursal disease virus, inflict significant injury to small poultry and tremendous economic damage to the poultry sector. This research aims to develop a multiplex reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (m-RT-PCR) approach to simultaneously determine these important viral pathogens. The conserved segment of various viral genetic sequences was used to design and synthesize specific primers. Moreover, as positive controls, recombinant vectors were synthesized in this investigation. The d-optimal approach was used to improve PCR conditions in this investigation. Positive controls and clinical samples were used to assess the m-PCR assay's specificity, sensitivity, repeatability, and reproducibility. According to the sensitivity test findings, the m-PCR technique could generate the 8 target genes from viral genomes using 1 × 102. In addition, 8 viral pathogens were detected from the infected samples. The findings also suggest that live animal oral swabs were not significantly different from tissue sampling of a dead animal (P < 0.05), and this kit had a high sensitivity for analyzing both types of samples. The suggested m-PCR test may detect and evaluate viral infection in birds with excellent specificity, sensitivity, and throughput.

ObjectiveOilseeds are the second-largest source of calories for human societies after cereals. Sesamum indicum has been considered recently due to its oil quality and content of 43-46% unsaturated fatty acids. To investigate the possibility of transferring the recombinant aroA-CYP81Q1 gene through Agrobacterium tumefaciens to the Sesamum indicum plant (reported for the first time in the country), after optimizing tissue culture and selecting the best hormonal combination, a factorial experiment was performed. Materials and methodsIn this experiment, the recombinant aroA-CYP81Q1 gene was synthesized and transformed into an Agrobacterium strain (LB4404). Gene cloning was confirmed by PCR and then confirmed by sequencing. The efficacy and frequency of transgenic Sesamum indicum were evaluated in the selected medium containing 50 mg/l kanamycin. Finally, to confirm the transgenicity of the regenerated plants, PCR analyzes were performed with specific primers on selected plants. Also, the expression of the sesamin-producing gene (CYP81Q1) in control groups and transgenic groups was measured at a significant level of P

Pharmaceutical companies worldwide are scrambling to develop new ways to combat cancer and microbiological pathogens. The goal of this research was to investigate the antibacterial, anticancer, and apoptosis effects of novel niosomal formulated Persian Gulf Sea cucumber extracts (SCEs). Sea cucumber methanolic extracts were prepared and encapsulated in niosome nanoparticles using thin-film hydration. The compound was made up of Span 60 and Tween 60 blended with cholesterol in a 3:3:4 M ratios. Characterization of niosome-encapsulated SCE evaluated by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The disk diffusion method and microtiter plates were used to investigate the antimicrobial activity. The effect of niosome-encapsulated SCE on cell proliferation and apoptosis induction was studied using MTT and Annexin V, respectively. The expression of apoptosis-related genes, including Bax, Fas, Bax, Bak, and Bcl2, was studied using quantitative real-time PCR. Niosome-encapsulated SCE with a size of 80.46 ± 1.31 and an encapsulation efficiency of 79.18 ± 0.23 was formulated. At a concentration of 100 μg/ml, the greatest antimicrobial effect of the niosome-encapsulated SCE was correlated to Staphylococcus aureus, with an inhibition zone of 13.16 mm. The findings of the study revealed that all strains were unable to produce biofilms at a concentration of 100 μg/ml niosome-encapsulated SCE (p