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The study area located in southern part of Iraq, it covers about 4009 Km². The data used in this research consists of Bouguer anomalies (Regional and Residual anomalies) with scale of 1: 250 000. These data are mosaicked and clipped for the area of interest. The main interpretation of regional gravity map with contour interval 0.5 mGal showed three anomalies in the study area with different amplitudes and shapes. The main interpretation of residual gravity map with contour interval 0.1 mGal showed negative and positive anomalies with different shapes, sizes, and trends. It gave a good conception about the anomalies. The map could be important in hydrocarbon exploration. Two enhancement methods applied on residual anomalies data to obtain more information about their location, extent, size, shape, and trends, as well as information about faults and tectonic boundaries. The research illustrated that the convolution filter-kernel 7*7 horizontal is effective and gave better result to conception the gravity anomalies than convolution filter-kernel 7*7 vertical. In addition, the 3D enhancement map showed that some faults and tectonic boundaries, follow NW-SE trending were almost identical with the tectonic boundaries between (Najaf – Abu Jir – Hadhar Subzone) and (Tikrit – Amara Subzone).

The impact of delta-doping modulation and electric field influence within a nanostructure consisting of three GaAs quantum wells (QWs) separated by AlGaAs barriers was investigated. The quantized energy levels, Fermi energy, wavefunctions, self-consistent potential, and electron density distribution were evaluated by a self-consistent solution of the Schrödinger and Poisson equations using the finite element method within the FEniCS project in Python. The results indicate that increasing the electric field reduces energy levels and Fermi energy. In addition, the delta-doping position and electric field significantly affect the self-consistent potential and electron density distribution. This study provides a possibility to tailor optical properties, such as the linear absorption coefficient and photoluminescence, by adjusting geometrical and non-geometrical parameters, including donor density, enhancing the functionality of doped QWs in designing high electron mobility transistors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Diabetes is a chronic condition that may become dangerous if there is insufficient insulin to help the body function properly. The proper care for diabetes depends on how well patients observe guidelines and prescriptions; consequently, patient education is critical. Poor learning may cause bad treatment and complications or other problems related to the disease. Objectives: This study aims to evaluate patients' knowledge of diabetes, assigning a knowledge (K) score out of 100, and investigate the possible impact of educating patients, through general means or via healthcare professionals, on patient knowledge of diabetes control demonstrated in the absence/presence of diabetic complications. Methods: This multi-center interview-based cross-sectional study used a questionnaire in Madinah, Saudi Arabia. This study was conducted on adults with diabetes who were aged 15–80. We used the Michigan Diabetic Knowledge Test (MDKT) to assess the knowledge of patients with diabetes. Results: This study included 364 participants. The gender distribution was 48.33% male and 51.67% female. Most of them had type 2 diabetes (T2DM) without insulin (48.63%), followed by those with T2DM on insulin (36.26%), and patients with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) (15.11%). Patients with T2DM had significantly higher K scores than patients with type 1. Additionally, T2DM non-insulin patients' k-scores significantly exceeded those with T1DM. General and healthcare education both helped increase patients' K-scores. Mostly, patients with diabetes without any complications had significantly higher knowledge compared to those having them. Lastly, regardless of whether the education was delivered by general or professional means, the effect on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) levels was not significant. Conclusions: Our study revealed that patients with T2DM exhibited higher knowledge than patients with T1DM. Furthermore, receiving education, whether by a healthcare professional or by general means, improved the knowledge levels of patients with T2DM but not patients with T1DM. Regarding diabetes complications, it was found that those with a higher level of knowledge had fewer complications. However, no evidence receiving education influenced the levels of HbA1C, neither in patients with T1DM nor T2DM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper evaluates the effects of board financial expertise on the financial sustainability of Saudi non-financial listed companies. The research sampled data from 97 companies covering 2013 to 2022 and analysed the data using different econometric models. The research findings indicated a strong and positive impact of board financial expertise on sustainable performance. This outcome implies that financial sustainability may increase as the number of finance specialists on the board rises. The evidence supports agency framework, resource dependency, and upper echelons theories. These frameworks argue that stringent monitoring, technical advice, and intellectual competence of finance specialists may positively influence organisational outcomes. Practically, the results indicated that Saudi-listed firms should emphasise employing financial specialists on their boards to boost their value and attain sustainable growth. The study may also guide managers and regulators on the relevance of financial experts in promoting sustainable practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Biologica Slovenica is the property of Drustvo Biologov Slovenije and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cihan University-Erbil Scientific Journal is the property of Cihan University-Erbil and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive and systematic assessment of the literature on the consequences of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) disclosure by means of content analyses. Using a systematic approach, a sample of 165 studies was collected from the Web of Science database and evaluated on the basis of econometric and content analyses, including publication trends, geographical distribution, theories and consequence associated with ESG disclosure (investment and innovation of firms, financing cost and method, operations and financial risk of firms, firm performance and value and others), provides some direction for future investigation. According to the analysis, the literature was more interested in the stakeholder theory when examining the effects of ESG disclosure on areas including company innovation and investment, financing costs and methods, financial risk and operations, business performance, and others. Even though most of the literature has focused on firm performance and value, there is still no clear understanding of the relationship. Also, limited work was found on the investment and innovation of firms, and financing cost and method, while the impact of operations and financial risk of firms has yet to be explored. Meanwhile, this study also identified the impact of ESG disclosure on analysts, audit fees, and earnings management as a new research direction. Finally, this study innovates new findings that institutional pressures may have an impact on the consequences of ESG disclosure, a topic not found in previous studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research explores the moderating effect of institutional ownership on the relationship between audit committee attributes and audit report lag. The paper sampled data from 102 Saudi non-financial listed firms from 2012 to 2021. The data was analyzed using a fixed effect regression, while the generalized method of moments approach (GMM) was employed for robustness check. The research finding strongly suggests that the audit committee size may increase audit report lag. In contrast, it was found that audit committee independence and financial expertise may reduce audit report lag. In addition, the interaction effect reveals that the impact of audit committee financial expertise and the committee meetings on reducing audit report lag may be higher as institutional shareholding rises. Thus, the outcome validates the agency theory perspective that the active monitoring of institutional investors may shape firms' internal governance systems. More importantly, the finding implies that firms should prefer a smaller audit size with a higher ratio of independent directors and financial experts to improve financial reporting quality. They should also embrace institutional shareholding to reduce audit report lag. Thus, lowering audit report lag may mitigate information disparity between firms and prospective investors, reducing agency conflicts and boosting firm value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Litho‐prediction is a non‐unique process that requires more than integrated techniques to reinforce the final results and harmonize hydrocarbon probability. Consequently, integrated procedures have been started with log data of the Mishrif formation in different site locations and involve petrophysics and rock physics analyses altogether to evaluate the general situation of the formation. In the second stage, we performed seismic inversion for 3D seismic data in the Kumaite and Dhafriyah oil fields. A brand‐new technique called pseudo–post‐stack simultaneous inversion has been used to calculate all the elastic engineering properties of the seismic cube. This method is performed by utilizing a real genetic inversion model that would be used to calibrate a low‐frequency model of simultaneous inversion to enhance the resolution and event isolation of the final inverted cube to identify reservoir characterization. The final output then is used to perform quantitative analysis and determine the productive layers within the area of interest. Density–velocity analysis also plays an extraordinary role in establishing the main relationship between different elastic parameters. Finally, by using the local equation and global density–velocity equations, different velocities of carbonate succession have been calculated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]