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Purpose: Understanding the information environment and the extent of its utilization in sharing information is highly effective in strengthening the most commonly used channels for information dissemination. Informal communication plays a crucial role in scientific relationships, and women, as a social group holding a dignified position in society, often rely on informal information channels to meet their information needs. Therefore, it is important to examine the information environments of women The objective of this research was to analyze the key components of women's information environments, in terms of sharing information, using the grounded theory. Method: The current research method was developmental and has been conducted using a qualitative approach and the foundational data theory. The statistical population of the study consists of 26 female experts in information science and librarianship who are employed as professors or work in one of the country's library centers at a university and have been selected by purposive sampling (snowball sampling). The data were collected through interviews with them and were analyzed through three stages: open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. The paradigmatic pattern, including causal conditions, the main phenomenon, contextual conditions, interventionists, main strategies, and environmental consequences of women's information environments in sharing information, was designed based on them. The interview tool was validated using the respondent method, and the tool's reliability was measured using the double coding method. Findings: The findings indicate that 18 main and 48 sub-components have been identified in 6 categories for women's information environments and sharing information behavior, including: causal factors with 7 main components (friendliness, personal tendency, individual and personality compatibility, personal interests, environmental compatibility, ethical compatibility, scientific motivation) and 18 sub-components; contextual factors with 3 main components (social interaction, environmental factors, temporal factors) and 7 sub-components; intervention factors with 4 main components (social motivation, ethical motivation, cultural motivation, political motivation) and 10 sub-components; strategic factors with 1 main component (information sharing method) and 3 sub-components; outcome factors with 2 main components (acquiring knowledge, sharing information and knowledge) and 8 sub-components; and the main phenomenon (exploring the information environment of women with an emphasis on their information sharing behavior) with 2 sub-components. Conclusion: This model, which is derived from the opinions and views of experts in information science and science in the country, specifies that strengthening the information environment for women requires solutions in the field of their information-sharing behavior. Its results, in scientific, educational, cultural, and social institutions, especially universities and organizations in charge of scientific and cultural policies, will have an important and special application in improving the information-seeking behavior and information-sharing behavior of women, and as a result, the development and progress of information science and scientific development of Iran. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Ambiguity arises when more than one meaning and concept can be understood from a word, phrase or sentence. Since it seems necessary to understand this by the information retrieval system in order to increase the accuracy of the information retrieval system and increase the retrieval of related resources, the present research aims to identify the ambiguous and disambiguating factors through a systematic review of studies. It has been done in Iran. Methodology: The research method is applied in terms of purpose, in terms of approach, qualitative and in terms of information gathering method, systematic review using PRISMA standard. The statistical population includes journal articles, conferences, and dissertations indexed in Iranian databases, including: Magiran, Noormags, Shiraz Regional Center for Science and Technology, Civilica, and Academic Jihad Center (SID) and Scientific Information of Iran (treasure). 175 scientific sources and 138 scientific sources were excluded based on the output criteria and 37 scientific sources were selected based on the input criteria. Input criteria: focusing on the studies conducted on the subject of ambiguity and disambiguation, in the fields of linguistics, information technology, artificial intelligence, computer and information science, and epistemology, scientific sources published in Persian language, without publication time limits, review articles, Scientific research, master's and doctorate theses and national and international conference papers held inside Iran. Output criteria: studies carried out except for ambiguity and disambiguation, non-Persian language scientific sources, books, reports, editorials, abstract writings and short articles (less than 5 pages). Findings: The results show that the main topic of interest in this research was "ambiguity of the meaning of words" (53%) and "disambiguation of words" (44%) and the least topics of ambiguity in machine translation (21%) and disambiguation through ontology (5 percent). The most research methods with the "neural network" approach (22 percent) and the least research methods used were content analysis, methodology and machine learning (5 percent), the largest number of sources related to the articles of conferences and national conferences and was international (48 percent) and the least were master theses and doctoral dissertations (5 percent). Computer and linguistics fields (27 percent) have had the most scientific productions in this regard, and information science and epistemology fields (9 percent) have had the lowest productions. Conclusion: The present research is considered innovative in the sense that it deals with the issue of ambiguity and disambiguation in information retrieval with a systematic review approach. Its findings indicate that most Iranian researches were focused on disambiguation, which were mostly presented in national and international conferences and meetings. The topic of ambiguity and disambiguation is more important in the fields of computer science and linguistics, and the fields of information science and epistemology have not dealt with it. The semantic ambiguity of words and, by nature, the disambiguation of words has been the concern of format in Iranian researches. Ontology as a new approach to disambiguation has received less attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Research shows that limited models can design to measure information overflow in libraries; but until now, no valid and reliable tool has been provided to measure information overload in academic libraries. Identifying the factors affecting the overload of information and its proper management in the libraries in ques tion is of particular importance in improving their efficiency and effectiveness and the conclusion of their success and growth. The purpose of the current research the objective was to cons truct and validate a tool to determine the factors affecting information overflow in university libraries. Method: In the current research an action task was completed in two separate Segments. Qualitative (super composition and Delphi) and quantitative (survey-analytical). The s tudied population in the qualitative section was all related articles that were extracted from valid databases and after screening and considering the following. the input and output criteria, and finally, 20 Persian and Latin articles were selected and reviewed. The s tatis tical population in the Delphi section included 20 professors and experts in the field of information and communication technologies and information flow in universities of medical sciences and health care services in Mazandaran province, who were selected in a targeted and accessible way. In the quantitative part, based on Cochran's formula, 375 users of medical science libraries and healthcare services in Mazandaran province were selected as a sample using the s tratified verification method. To analyze the data, descriptive s tatis tics, confirmatory factor analysis, and path analysis were used by Smart PLS s tatis tical software. Findings: Based on the findings of the meta-composite section, the number of 7 main components and their items (94 items) were extracted regarding the overflow of information, then it was submitted to the Delphi panel with 20 members for verification, and after three Delphi s teps and making corrections and removing irrelevant items, reached a theoretical consensus with the value of Kendall's s tatis tic of three Delphi s tages, respectively 0.672, 0.713 and 0.721, and confirmatory factor analysis of 74 items of the information overflow ques tionnaire in 7 main components including creation with factor load (0.874), individual factors with factor load (0.863), effective factors on overflow control with factor load (0.877), environmental factors with factor load (0.902), adjus tment solutions with factor load (0.698), the impact of overflow on users with factor load (0.863), technological infras tructures were identified with factor load (0.789). Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the ins trument has a good fit. The combined reliability of all factors was higher than 0.7. The positive and significant correlation of the rank of the ques tionnaire components indicated the convergent validity of the ques tionnaire. Conclusion: The built tool provides researchers with the possibility of measuring information overflow. The discovered factors include the factors that cause. There were individual factors, factors affecting control, environmental factors, and s trategies for adjus ting the flow of information, which were measured in the pilot environment of Mazandaran Medical Sciences while confirming their effectiveness in the academic environment and medical sciences as the desired variable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Web knowledge sharing is a developmental approach for content production systems in the Internet space that can reduce the cost of information dissemination and increase the efficiency of systems, so the purpose of this study is to identify, analyze and categorize the factors affecting Sharing web knowledge in libraries is a fuzzy Delphi approach.: This research is exploratory in terms of purpose, fundamental in terms of research audience, and qualitative in terms of the type of research. The statistical population of the study consisted of 15 experts including the professors of the Knowledge and Information Science department, professors of information technology management, and the managers of libraries who were fully acquainted with the subject of web knowledge sharing. These subjects were selected by snowball sampling method to reach theoretical saturation. The data collection instrument is semi-structured interviews. The six stages of thematic analysis were used to identify the factors affecting the knowledge web sharing the Fuzzy Delphi technique was applied for the consensus opinions of experts. The resulting data were analyzed using PSS24 and PLS3.8 software. The results obtained from Delphi-fuzzy theme analysis and technique indicated that the main factors of web knowledge sharing in libraries of Iran include three main factors, "desirability of web information" with three components (trust and reliability, perception and usefulness), "Web space desirability" with four components (ease of use, accessibility, usability, and security) and "people desirability" with two components (internal and external motivations) were identified. It was found that the web space desirability factor with a coefficient of the impact of 0.917 had the most impact and was the priority and factor of web information desirability with a coefficient of 0.858; and the desirability of individuals with a coefficient of 0.813 was in the second and third priorities of the impact factor, respectively. According to the opinion of experts, web knowledge sharing as a flexible capability to deliver content aims to provide quick access to knowledge on the web and integrate it into the library. Consequently, it is necessary for the libraries to constantly identify the production, exchange, and application of knowledge among their employees to find ways to achieve organizational goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The present study deals with tile maturity model in Mazandaran university libraries at maturity levels. The purpose of tliis study was to determine the maturity level of university libraries in Mazandaran province in order to enhance tile maturity levels and express tire status quo and propose a maturity model corrrpatible with tire requirements of acadetrric libraries. Method: Tire preserrt shrdy is of applied type. Using the qrralitative approaclr of digital library texts and maturity model quantitative analysis was used to detenrrirre' tire maturity leve. of university libraries itr Mazandaran provitrce. Tire study population consisted of 10٠ experts atrd 210 experts and librarians who corrrpleted arrd rehrnred questionnaires by e-trrail atrd itr person. Tire data were analyzed by 'SPSS software and confirmatory factor analysis, stnrchrral equation modeling was performed using Smart PLS software. Findings: According to the findings and review of codes and ratrkitrg o٠f researclr indicators, the code of hardware atrd software systems is itr the first place؛ which indicates the importance of hardware and software systems and the necessary conditions itr the maturity of academic lilrraries'. Information system؛؛ usas and data quality؛, collection aird organization, management, hr tenet and network, organization atrd employees, are the next most important priorities؛.'respectively. Conclusions: lit fact, the maturity level of university libraries itr Mazaitdarair province is at level 2 aird tliey a re relatively far fiom reacliing tile ideal level (level 5) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the strategic factors of Internet of Things usability in Iranian libraries and to provide a model. Methodology: The research was conducted with a qualitative approach and grounded theory. To collect information, documentary method and interview with the statistical sample of 13 professors of information science and science in the country was used by snowball sampling method. Data were analyzed in three steps of open, axial, selective coding and interpretation of interview propositions and paradigm model. Responsive method was used to assess validity and double coding method was used for reliability. Findings: After analyzing the findings, 8 main categories of 35 subcategories and concepts were obtained. The main categories were classified into 8 categories: control and supervision, service development, accessibility, intelligent management, security, innovation and development, information literacy training and motivation and success, and a paradigm model and a theoretical model were presented. In the theoretical model extracted, the main phenomenon is the usability of the Internet of Things in Iranian libraries, and it has been linked from the discovered classes and the main phenomenon to the main class of strategies. Findings show that the interviewees or the actors viewed the strategies as a mechanism and measure with the phenomenon of Internet of Things usability in libraries, which by adopting them, the consequences of the main phenomenon are realized. Therefore, based on the results, the strategic factors affected by the use of the Internet of Things in libraries can be considered. Conclusion: The strategic factors affecting the Internet of Things usability as a pioneering process transform libraries. Strategies have a significant impact on Internet of Things usability in libraries and their future development. The eight classes identified in the presented model have been considered by the interviewees, and according to the evaluation, the importance of the strategies extracted in the success of libraries that use the Internet of Things is obvious. The extracted model shows the dimensions and strategic factors affecting the use of the Internet of Things in libraries that play an important role in achieving the consequences. The rapid adoption and expansion of the new internet of things approach and its application to library development programs is, above all, the result of the benefits of this technological approach. Based on the research results, by adopting a qualitative approach and using the method of basic theory, the model has presented the strategic factors of internet of things usability in Iranian libraries based on the mental perceptions and interpretations and definitions of the interviewees of this concept. Regarding the concept of internet of things usability strategies, the interviewees believe that the use of modern internet of things technology for information management and service development is Promotes libraries. And the concepts of traditional approaches give way to new values and new approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A website's homepage is a gate to its content, and accuracy of structure is important. This is especially more important on academic library websites that are places for searching for general and specific information. This is based on a survey-comparative method using researcher-made checklists. The population consists of ten leading global-Asian academic library websites confirmed by webometry site. Findings include three factors: search engine available on the first page (P = 0.000), available page for electronic resources separately (P = 0.003), image attraction (P = 0.002), and the bond between a library webpage and non-academic libraries (P = 0.001). There is a significant difference between ten top global-Asian academic library websites. To constituent differences there is no significant difference between two studied groups of websites. In addition, for constituent classification and referral to electronic resources, there is no significant difference between studied websites., Introduction Considering research-educational mission of academic libraries as well as broad extent of information, designing websites for these kinds of libraries has been focused for recent years. The purpose of [...]

Introduction Writing is a process. The beginning of the process will be with thinking, and what follows will not be obviously separated from thinking. An article must have components such [...]

This research aims at investigating the level of job satisfaction in librarians working at libraries of Islamic Azad University in District 3. The research has analytical-survey method and the questionnaire and statistical sample consist of 40 librarians at target libraries. To conduct this research, a model is first designed for evaluating the job satisfaction in librarians in the form of 6 dimensions and 31 variables and their job satisfaction is designed based on the model and calculated by considering the scores of 31 variables. Based on the findings, the librarians' job satisfaction at Islamic Azad University is in a proper status. In the field of dimensions of job satisfaction, the satisfaction with dimensions of material and welfare facilities, educational facilities and job promotion, job security and manager's behavior is above the average, and the interactions and social status of job is lower than the average. Furthermore, there is a significant correlation between the librarians' demographic characteristics and job satisfaction. The results also indicate the relative satisfaction with most of the job variables in librarians as well as the need for officials' attention to improvement of working conditions in young people at studied university libraries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aims: The current study is aimed at investigating the access of Tonekabon City's rural women to information and its impact on their health. Methods: The methodology used in this research is survey-analytical. The study population contains 42,283 rural women, residing in Tonekabon City in Mazandaran Province. Using the systematic random sampling method and the sampling formula of Kockran, the community sample numbered 297. The research tool was a questionnaire, made by the researcher. To analyze the data, the descriptive statistics (frequency table) and the interpretive statistics) mann within U and spearman Test) was applied. Results: The findings of this research indicated that watching TV was the main source of accessing the necessary health and medical information by rural women, while referring to a general practitioner came second in this regard. The main kind of medical information required by these women is related to gynecological and skin diseases. The role of internet resources and web pages in accessing medical and health information is also transparent. At the same time, a paucity of sufficient libraries and training classes along with inadequate information provided to women by health clinics in the rural areas have been among the main obstacles in the way of receiving health and medical information. Having put the hypothesis to test, it was shown that there was no meaningful difference between healthy people and patients in making use of the information recourses, with both groups favoring the resources on an equal basis. Testing the second hypothesis indicated a direct link between the education level and application of information resources. Conclusion: The survey findings show that not only ill people seek to gain medical and health information, but healthy people are also after receiving such necessary information. This is while those with a higher level of education pursue such information on a more frequent basis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]