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26. A study on the oral and cloacal bacterial flora of Mugger crocodiles (Crocodylus palustris) in the Negour protected area, Iran

Author

Gholamhosseini, Amin, Sharifiyazdi, Hassan, Rakhshaninejad, Mostafa, Soltanian, Siyavash, Salighehzadeh, Reza, and Kordestani, Hesamodin

Subjects
Bacterial flora, food and beverages, Original Article, Crocodylus palustris, Iran, Polymerase chain reaction
Abstract

Mugger crocodile is the only crocodile existing in Iran. The present study was aimed to investigate the bacterial flora in oral and cloacal cavities of wild Mugger crocodiles in Negour protected area, Iran. The isolation and molecular characterization of oral and cloacal bacterial flora were performed in 22 Mugger crocodiles captured in Negour protected area, Iran. Ten bacterial species from all oral samples and six bacterial species from all cloacal samples were recovered. The most commonly isolated bacteria in oral samples were Burkholderia contaminans and Lactococcus garvieae, respectively; whereas, in cloacal samples, it was Lactococcus lactis. It is likely that the isolated bacteria would pose a threat to both crocodiles and humans health. It can threaten crocodiles during stressful conditions; while, humans would be susceptible if they are bitten by crocodiles, consume their meat or spend time near their natural environment. This study provides useful information about bacterial diversity which could help to select the most appropriate anti-bacterial when dealing with infections caused by crocodiles.

Published
2021

34. Growth, Fatty Acid Composition, Antioxidant Activity and Resistance of Litopenaeus vannameiFed With Dunaliella salina

Author

Akbari, Paria, Gholamhosseini, Amin, Ali, Mohsen, Aminikhoei, Zahra, Rezaei Tavabe, Kamran, and Samadi Kuchaksaraei, Bahare

Abstract

In order to determine the effect of Dunaleilla salinaextract (DE) as feed supplement on the fatty acid composition, growth performance, anti-oxidant activity, as well as resistance of shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) challenged with Photobacterium damselaebacteria, we performed an eight-week trial. Post-larvae shrimps with the initial weight of 0.86 ± 0.1 g have been stocked randomly into four different trial groups with three replications and fed with inclusion levels of 0, 0.05, 1 and 1.5 g kg−1of DE. After eight weeks of experiment, thirty shrimps from each of the dietary group have been exposed to the bacteria P. damselaeover 10 days. Based on the findings, DE can be used as one of the growth promoters for L. vannamei. Specific growth ratio, weight gain and protein efficiency ratio significantly increased (P< 0.05) in shrimps fed by DE1 diet in comparison with other groups. In addition, it has been determined that inclusion of 0.5 and 1 g kg−1DE significantly enhanced (P< 0.05) of the poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the body. especially linolenic acid (LNA;C18:3n-3). eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA;C20:5n-3), linoleic acid (LOA;C18:2n-6), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA;C22:6 N-3. The highest phenoloxidase (PO), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities have been determined in shrimps fed by DE0.5 and DE1 diets. Also, the minimum rate of death has been seen in the DE1 supplementary diet after exposure to P. damselae.Overally, results indicated that inclusion levels of D. salinaextract in 1 g kg−1dose enhance growth, fatty acid composition, antioxidant activity and resistance of the shrimp L. vannameias opposed to the P. damselaeinfection.

Published
2023
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37. First isolation and identification of Aeromonas veronii and Chryseobacterium joostei from reared sturgeons in Fars province, Iran

Author

Gholamhosseini, Amin, Taghadosi, Vahideh, Shiry, Nima, Akhlaghi, Mostafa, Sharifiyazdi, Hassan, Soltanian, Siyavash, and Ahmadi, Nasrollah

Subjects
Fars province, Huso ‎ huso, Chryseobacterium joostei, Original Article, Aeromonas veronii, Acipenser stellatus
Abstract

The purpose of the present study was to isolate and identify the pathogenic agents in Acipenser stellatus (Pallas, 1771) and Huso huso, (Linnaeus, 1758) reared in the south of Fars province, Iran which have shown infectious disease signs. Samples from spleen and kidney of 32 fishes showing septicemia symptoms such as decreasing of appetite, unbalanced swimming, expanded wounds, and petechia on the body surfaces, pectoral fins rot, visceral hemorrhage, bleeding on the spleen, and heart ascites were collected. Then samples were cultured on brain heart infusion agar growth media, stain and biological and biochemical tests on purified bacteria were performed. On the other hand, 16S rDNA region of the isolated organism was amplified using PCR. The amplified gene fragment was sequenced and evolutionary history was inferred by phylogenetic tree construction using neighbor-joining method. Results indicated that two bacterial species including Chryseobacterium joostei which isolated from the kidney of stellate sturgeon (43.00%), and Aeromonas veronii which isolated from the spleen of both sturgeon species (75.00% and 31.00% from beluga and stellate sturgeon, respectively), were recognized. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that Fars isolated organisms including A. veronii and C. joostei had highest similarity with A. veronii bv veronii and C. joostei isolated from France, respectively.

Published
2018

42. Effects of dietary Gracilaria persicaon the intestinal microflora, thyroid hormones, and resistance against Aeromonas hydrophilain Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus)

Author

Sakhaie, Fahimeh, Adel, Milad, Shekarabi, Seyed Pezhman Hosseini, Dawood, Mahmoud A.O., and Gholamhosseini, Amin

Abstract

Red seaweeds have several biomedical derivatives making them healthy additives for the aquaculture industry. Previously we reported enhanced growth performance, feed utilization, and immunity of Persian sturgeon treated with Gracilaria gracilis. Herein, we investigated the effects of G. gracilison the intestinal microflora, thyroid hormones, and resistance against Aeromonas hydrophilain Persian sturgeon. Fish fed G. gracilisat 0, 2.5, 5, and 10 g/kg for eight weeks, then challenged with A. hydrophilafor ten days. The results showed that the total bacterial count in the fish intestines had no meaningful differences among the groups of fish fed varying levels of G. persica(P˃0.05). Fish fed 10 g/kg of G. persicahad a higher lactic acid bacteria (LAB) count than fish fed 0, 2.5, and 5 g/kg (P<0.05). Serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) showed higher levels in fish treated with 2.5 and 5 g/kg of G. persicathan the other groups (P<0.05). Besides, fish fed 2.5 g/kg G. persicahad higher thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) levels than the other groups (P<0.05). At the end of the challenge test, the highest mortality was seen in the fish fed the G. persicafree diet. In summary, Persian sturgeon treated G. gracilishad improved intestinal microflora, thyroid hormones, and resistance against A. hydrophila.

Published
2022
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47. Growth, Fatty Acid Composition, Antioxidant Activity and Resistance of Litopenaeus vannameiFed With Dunaliella salina

Author

Akbari, Paria, Gholamhosseini, Amin, Ali, Mohsen, Aminikhoei, Zahra, Rezaei Tavabe, Kamran, and Samadi Kuchaksaraei, Bahare

Abstract

In order to determine the effect of Dunaleilla salinaextract (DE) as feed supplement on the fatty acid composition, growth performance, anti-oxidant activity, as well as resistance of shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) challenged with Photobacterium damselaebacteria, we performed an eight-week trial. Post-larvae shrimps with the initial weight of 0.86 ± 0.1 g have been stocked randomly into four different trial groups with three replications and fed with inclusion levels of 0, 0.05, 1 and 1.5 g kg−1of DE. After eight weeks of experiment, thirty shrimps from each of the dietary group have been exposed to the bacteria P. damselaeover 10 days. Based on the findings, DE can be used as one of the growth promoters for L. vannamei. Specific growth ratio, weight gain and protein efficiency ratio significantly increased (P< 0.05) in shrimps fed by DE1 diet in comparison with other groups. In addition, it has been determined that inclusion of 0.5 and 1 g kg−1DE significantly enhanced (P< 0.05) of the poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the body. especially linolenic acid (LNA;C18:3n-3). eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA;C20:5n-3), linoleic acid (LOA;C18:2n-6), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA;C22:6 N-3. The highest phenoloxidase (PO), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities have been determined in shrimps fed by DE0.5 and DE1 diets. Also, the minimum rate of death has been seen in the DE1 supplementary diet after exposure to P. damselae.Overally, results indicated that inclusion levels of D. salinaextract in 1 g kg−1dose enhance growth, fatty acid composition, antioxidant activity and resistance of the shrimp L. vannameias opposed to the P. damselaeinfection.

Published
2022
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48. Effect of dietary supplements of Artemisia dracunculus extract on the haemato‐immunological and biochemical response, and growth performance of the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).

Author

Gholamhosseini, Amin, Hosseinzadeh, Saeid, Soltanian, Siyavash, Banaee, Mahdi, Sureda, Antoni, Rakhshaninejad, Mostafa, Ali Heidari, Amir, and Anbazpour, Hossein

Subjects
*RAINBOW trout, *DIETARY supplements, *ASPARTATE aminotransferase, *BLOOD proteins, *ARTEMISIA, *AEROMONAS hydrophila
Abstract

The current research was conducted to examine the effect of Artemisia dracunculus (AD) extract on growth performance, haemato‐immunological, biochemical parameters, and mucosal immunity in the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The fish were fed with a diet supplemented with 0 (control), 1%, 2% and 3% AD for 8 weeks. The findings indicated that in all groups fed AD, especially at the 2% level, the growth parameters and survival rate significantly increased compared with the control group. Blood biochemical parameters, creatinine, glucose, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and triglyceride were decreased significantly in AD‐treated groups. Total serum protein (TSP) levels, lysozyme (LYZ) and respiratory burst activities (RBA) were increased in the fish fed with AD. TSP levels, ALP and protease (PA) activities in the mucus were significantly increased following fish fed with AD. Increased in the total immunoglobulins (Ig) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were observed in the fish fed with 3% AD. Fish fed with 2% AD showed the highest levels of alternative complement (ACH50) significantly. In addition, the mucus bactericidal activity was significantly increased in some treatments fed AD diet against Lactococcus garvieae and Aeromonas hydrophila. After infection with Yersinia ruckeri, there was a reduction in the mortality rate in the AD‐fed groups compared with the control group. Thus, it can be concluded that diets supplemented with AD can significantly impact diverse physiological parameters in fish, improving their growth performance, blood biochemical parameters and immune response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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49. A bioassay on tissue cholinesterase activity of Rutilus kutum (Kamensky, 1901) exposed to some common pesticides in Iran.

Author

Shiry, Nima, Alavinia, Seyed Jalil, Gholamhosseini, Amin, and Mirvaghefi, Alireza

Subjects
CHOLINESTERASES, RUTILUS, BIOLOGICAL assay, PESTICIDES
Abstract

The toxicological effects of three commonly used pesticides in Iran on the fries of Caspian kutum (Rutilus kutum, Kamensky, 1901) were investigated through determining 50.00% lethal concentration (LC50) 96-hr and cholinesterase (ChE) inhibition. The LC50 96-hr of carbaryl, glyphosate, and malathion were equal to 11.69, 6.64, and 0.97 mg L-1, respectively, that were considered as harmful (10.00 - 100 mg L-1), toxic (1.00 - 10.00 mg L-1) and very toxic (< 1.00 mg L-1) compounds for this species. The exposure of fries to sub-lethal concentrations of the pesticides over 15 days indicated that the average of ChE activity in the head and trunk were 1086.89 ± 124.34 and 627.36 ± 99.60 mU min-1 per mg protein, respectively, with a significant difference relative to each other. There was a significant difference between fry exposed to all three pesticides and the control group in cholinesterase inhibition. The fries exposed to carbaryl (890.12 ± 28.08 mU min-1 per mg protein) and glyphosate (891.77 ± 31.61 mU min-1 per mg protein) showed lower ChE inhibition than those exposed to malathion (790.00 ± 58.14 mU min-1 per mg protein). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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50. Dietary butyric acid improved growth, digestive enzyme activities and humoral immune parameters in Barramundi (Lates calcarifer).

Author

Aalamifar, Hamed, Soltanian, Siyavash, Vazirzadeh, Arya, Akhlaghi, Mostafa, Morshedi, Vahid, Gholamhosseini, Amin, and Torfi Mozanzadeh, Mansour

Subjects
DIGESTIVE enzymes, GIANT perch, BUTYRIC acid, BLOOD proteins, ALKALINE protease, LEUCOCYTES
Abstract

A six‐week feeding trial was conducted to determine the effect of butyric acid (BA) inclusion in diet on performance of Barramundi (Lates calcarifer). Fish (12.0 ± 0.2 g) were fed with four experimental diets contained 0.0 (control), 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 g BA/kg in triplicate. Fish fed on 5 and 10 g BA/kg diets had higher growth and total alkaline protease and lipase activities than the other treatments. Fillet protein content in BA‐supplemented groups was higher than the control. Liver catalase activity was highest in 2.5 g BA/kg group compared with the other groups. The values of liver superoxide dismutase activity and serum total protein concentration in 5 and 10 g BA/kg treatments were higher than those in the control (p <.05). Moreover, the highest and the lowest levels of serum lysozyme activity were noticed in the 10 g BA/kg and the control groups, respectively (p <.05). Also, the highest respiratory burst activity was observed in fish fed 5 g BA/kg feed. Supplementing diet with 2.5 or 5 g BA/kg resulted in higher serum haemolytic activity in fish compared with the other groups. The number of red and white blood cells increased in fish fed BA‐supplemented diets compared with the control (p <.05). In conclusion, the results of this study showed inclusion of BA at 5 g/kg diet in L. calcarifer juveniles improved growth and upgraded the general health condition by enhancing fish antioxidant enzyme activities and haemato‐immunological responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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