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Our body is comprised of trillions of bacteria, virus, fungi etc. The term "microbiome" refers to them all together. In contrast to human health, some of the bacteria are linked to illnesses that are critical to the immune system, heart, and weight. In fact, most of the microbes in our intestines are found in a pocket of our large intestine called the caecum. They are referred to as a gut microbiome. In fact, there are more bacterial cells in our body that are human cells. Thereare roughly 40 trillion of bacterial cells in our body while the number of human cells are nearly 30 trillion. The gut microbiome refers to all of the microbes present in our intestine, which acts as another organ to live with microbes with millions of years. In the present review the the composition of gut microbiome and their function towards human health is discussed. Microbes have played a very important role in human body. From birth and throughout life, the gut microbiota influences the body by regulating the immune system, central nervous system, and other physiological processes as well as food digestion. The gut microbiota and its benefits for human health are the main topics of this review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microorganisms create biofilms, which are surface adherent community structures. These biofilms are essential to the infection process mediated by microbes. Antibiotic resistance is another thing that biofilm spreads, which is a big worry these days. Diverse bacteria use diverse mechanisms to create biofilms, and these mechanisms often depend on the environment in which they grow as well as strainspecific characteristics. Many chemical compounds are discovered to be useful in investigating the biofilm management method. The usefulness of nanoparticles in preventing biofilm-mediated disease is the subject of the current review. Using nanoscale particles to fight microbial biofilm is one possible way to treat these persistent diseases. Recently, antibacterial agents have been delivered employing innovative nanotechnology-based antimicrobial activity in order to destroy planktonic bacteria and their biofilm structures. In the sphere of medicine, this technique is now considered developing. Antimicrobial-loaded nanoparticles alone or in combination with other materials could increase the bacterial activity of nanomaterials to prevent the formation of biofilms. These particles are reactive substances that readily penetrate the matrix, serving as a barrier to numerous antibodies. One type of nanoparticle, called AgNPs, exhibited antibacterial action by rupturing the integrity of the bacterial cell membrane, which resulted in the release of cellular content and eventual death. Additionally, polymeric-based formulations like hydrogel, polymeric microspheres, nanospheres, and smart olimer, as well as lipid-based nanoparticles like liposomes and solid lipid nanoparticles, have been used in the biofilm treatment. Additionally, research is ongoing with various metals like copper, zinc, and their oxides. Here, we talked about the safety issues and the promise of metal oxide nanoparticles. The pathogens are effectively killed by NPs without endangering other cells or having any negative effects on living cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]