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Hydrogels have attracted significant attention in the realm of vaccine development due to their unique attributes, which include compatibility with living tissues, a considerable water content, and modifiable physical traits. This article examines the utilisation of hydrogels in the process of vaccine development. Hydrogels function as adaptable vehicles for the transportation of vaccines, providing benefits including prolonged release, safeguarding against degradation of antigens, and precise administration to particular cells or tissues. The application of hydrogel matrices to encapsulate antigens and adjuvants has the potential to improve the stability, immunogenicity, and effectiveness of vaccines. Due to their distinctive attributes, they are exemplary contenders for drug delivery systems. Hydrogels are specifically engineered to facilitate the co-administration of therapeutic agents, including immune cells, cytokines, and monoclonal antibodies, with the aim of augmenting the therapeutic effectiveness of malignancy. Moreover, hydrogel-based vaccines can be administered via various routes, including injection, patches, or implants, providing flexibility and convenience in vaccination. Challenges such as formulation optimization, manufacturing scalability, and regulatory approval remain, but the continued research and development of hydrogel-based vaccines hold promise for improving vaccination strategies and addressing global health challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Worldwide, cancer is one of the main causes of mortality and low life expectancy. There is still a gap in the effectiveness of various cancer treatments, despite the fact that several methods have been developed to lower mortality, lessen chronic pain, and enhance quality of life. Early cancer cell diagnosis and high-specificity medication administration to minimize toxicities are essential elements in providing the best possible cancer treatment. Owing to the heightened systemic toxicity and refractoriness associated with traditional cancer diagnostic and treatment instruments, alternative approaches, such as nanotechnology, are being utilized to enhance detection and alleviate the intensity of the disease. Nanotechnology-based immunotherapeutic drugs have been employed for many cancer types throughout the years to lessen the invasiveness of malignant cells while protecting normal cells at the targeting site. This review discusses the various types of nanotechnologies that are commonly used in cancer diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relevance of probiotic, especially lactic acid bacteria cannot be over emphasized. In this present study three honey sources were serially diluted and cultured on De Man, Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) agar among which only one of this sources grew on MRS agar. The pure Lactobacilli isolate were subjected to gram staining, biochemical tests, physiological test, molecular analysis using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) techniques and Deoxyribonucleotide (DNA) sequencing. Only one isolate was obtained known as Enterococcus fecalis. The isolate was subjected to probiotic selection and was found fit for consumption, however their effect when consumed by type-2 diabetic are alarming and based on the outcome of this study, diabetic patient are advised not consume honey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Depending on the form and location, cancer is a dangerous medical condition that is seldom treatable. Many therapies, such as hormone therapy, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy, are used to treat cancer; however, a significant drawback of these treatments is their multitude of side effects, which can include gastrointestinal issues, skin abnormalities, and hair loss. Nutraceuticals are useful strategy for managing cancer. A food or component of a diet that has physiological and medicinal benefits and is used to prevent disease is called a nutraceutical. Research indicates that combination treatment is far more effective than a single nutraceutical in preventing cancer. Combination approaches for chemoprevention can involve two or more phytochemicals, a phytochemical that has been chemically synthesized and an effective medication, or a phytochemical that has been chemically produced and a natural nutrient. This review study aims to elucidate the relevance of nutraceuticals as chemopreventive agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rechargeable magnesium batteries (RMBs) are promising next‐generation low‐cost and high‐energy devices. Among all RMBs, anode‐free magnesium metal batteries that use in situ magnesium‐plated current collectors as negative electrodes can afford optimal energy densities. However, anode‐free magnesium metal batteries have remained elusive so far, as their practical application is plagued by low Mg plating/stripping efficiency due to nonuniform Mg deposition on conventional anode current collectors. Herein, for the first time, an anode‐free Mg‐metal battery is developed by employing a 3D MXene (Ti3C2Tx) film with horizontal Mg electrodeposition. The magnesiophilic oxygen and reactive fluorine terminations in MXene enable an enriched local magnesium‐ion concentration and a durable magnesium fluoride‐rich solid electrolyte interphase on the Ti3C2Tx film surface. Meanwhile, Ti3C2Tx MXene exhibits a high lattice geometrical fit with Mg (≈96%) to guide the horizontal electrodeposition of Mg. Consequently, the developed Ti3C2Tx film achieves reversible Mg plating/stripping with high Coulombic efficiencies (>99.4%) at high‐current‐density (5.0 mA cm−2) and high‐Mg‐utilization (50%) conditions. When this Ti3C2Tx film is coupled with a pre‐magnesized Mo6S8 cathode, the anode‐free Mg‐metal full‐cell prototype exhibits a volumetric energy density five times higher than its standard Mg‐metal counterpart. This work provides insights into the rational design of anode current collectors to guide horizontal Mg electrodeposition for anode‐free Mg metal batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]