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5. Dominance style is a key predictor of vocal use and evolution across nonhuman primates.

Author

Kavanagh, Eithne, Street, Sally E, Angwela, Felix O, Bergman, Thore J, Blaszczyk, Maryjka B, Bolt, Laura M, Briseño-Jaramillo, Margarita, Brown, Michelle, Chen-Kraus, Chloe, Clay, Zanna, Coye, Camille, Thompson, Melissa Emery, Estrada, Alejandro, Fichtel, Claudia, Fruth, Barbara, Gamba, Marco, Giacoma, Cristina, Graham, Kirsty E, Green, Samantha, Grueter, Cyril C, Gupta, Shreejata, Gustison, Morgan L, Hagberg, Lindsey, Hedwig, Daniela, Jack, Katharine M, Kappeler, Peter M, King-Bailey, Gillian, Kuběnová, Barbora, Lemasson, Alban, Inglis, David MacGregor, Machanda, Zarin, MacIntosh, Andrew, Majolo, Bonaventura, Marshall, Sophie, Mercier, Stephanie, Micheletta, Jérôme, Muller, Martin, Notman, Hugh, Ouattara, Karim, Ostner, Julia, Pavelka, Mary SM, Peckre, Louise R, Petersdorf, Megan, Quintero, Fredy, Ramos-Fernández, Gabriel, Robbins, Martha M, Salmi, Roberta, Schamberg, Isaac, Schülke, Oliver, Semple, Stuart, Silk, Joan B, Sosa-Lopéz, J Roberto, Torti, Valeria, Valente, Daria, Ventura, Raffaella, van de Waal, Erica, Weyher, Anna H, Wilke, Claudia, Wrangham, Richard, Young, Christopher, Zanoli, Anna, Zuberbühler, Klaus, Lameira, Adriano R, and Slocombe, Katie

Subjects
communication, dominance style, social behaviour, sociality, vocal
Abstract

Animal communication has long been thought to be subject to pressures and constraints associated with social relationships. However, our understanding of how the nature and quality of social relationships relates to the use and evolution of communication is limited by a lack of directly comparable methods across multiple levels of analysis. Here, we analysed observational data from 111 wild groups belonging to 26 non-human primate species, to test how vocal communication relates to dominance style (the strictness with which a dominance hierarchy is enforced, ranging from 'despotic' to 'tolerant'). At the individual-level, we found that dominant individuals who were more tolerant vocalized at a higher rate than their despotic counterparts. This indicates that tolerance within a relationship may place pressure on the dominant partner to communicate more during social interactions. At the species-level, however, despotic species exhibited a larger repertoire of hierarchy-related vocalizations than their tolerant counterparts. Findings suggest primate signals are used and evolve in tandem with the nature of interactions that characterize individuals' social relationships.

Published
2021

8. Feeding Ecology and Regurgitation–Reingestion Behavior of the Critically Endangered Indri indri in the Maromizaha Protected Area, Eastern Madagascar

Author

Randrianarison, Rose Marie, Lutz, Meredith, Torti, Valeria, Tan, Chia, Bonadonna, Giovanna, Randrianambinina, Blanchard, Rasoloharijaona, Solofonirina, Rabarison, Harison, Miaretsoa, Longondraza, Rarojoson, Nianja Jemisa, De Gregorio, Chiara, Valente, Daria, Gamba, Marco, Ratsimbazafy, Jonah, and Giacoma, Cristina

Published
2022
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12. Singing in the rain! Climate constraints on the occurrence of indri's song.

Author

Ferrario, Valeria, Raimondi, Teresa, De Gregorio, Chiara, Carugati, Filippo, Cristiano, Walter, Torti, Valeria, Lewis, Rebecca N., Valente, Daria, Williams, Leah J., Raisin, Claire, Gamba, Marco, Von Hardenberg, Achaz, and Giacoma, Cristina

Subjects
ANIMAL communication, ENDANGERED species, RAINFALL, WEATHER, ANIMAL behavior
Abstract

The study of how animals adapt their behaviors depending on weather variables has gained particular significance in the context of climate change. This exploration offers insights into endangered species' potential threats and provides information on the direction to take in conservation activities. In this context, noninvasive, cost‐effective, and potentially long‐term monitoring systems, such as Passive Acoustic Monitoring (PAM), become particularly appropriate. Our study investigates the relationship between weather variables and the vocal behavior of Indri indri, the sole singing lemur species, within Madagascar's Maromizaha New Protected Area. Using PAM, we explore the factors shaping the vocalization patterns of this primate species in response to some environmental factors in their natural habitat. Analysis of an extensive audio data set collected across different years revealed the differential influence of temperature and precipitation on Indri indri vocal activity. We found that rainfall negatively influenced the emission of the vocalizations while warmer temperatures correlated with a greater emission of songs. The various environmental factors we considered also affected the timing of vocal emissions, showing the same pattern. Furthermore, our study confirms, once again, the strength of PAM as a valuable tool for studying vocal animal communication quickly, giving us information about long‐term behavioral patterns that would be difficult to get in other ways. This research gives us further valuable information about how indris use vocalizations in their environment and how they adjust to environmental changes. Research highlights: Indri indri, the only singing lemur, emits songs daily, a behavior strictly linked to intergroup territory spacing.We explored the influence of weather conditions on indris' songs in the Maromizaha New Protected Area using Passive Acoustic Monitoring (PAM) and an automated detection algorithm.Indris adjusted their singing behavior based on weather conditions: rain and low temperatures are associated with decreased frequency. Rain determined delayed song emission in the morning. This suggests this behavior's plasticity is linked to energetic costs.Our study widens the knowledge of the behavior of an endangered species of nonhuman primates. It also showcases the strength of PAM in the conservation and behavioral study of different species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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13. I Like the Way You Eat It: Lemur (Indri indri) Gut Mycobiome and Geophagy

Author

Borruso, Luigimaria, Checcucci, Alice, Torti, Valeria, Correa, Federico, Sandri, Camillo, Luise, Daine, Cavani, Luciano, Modesto, Monica, Spiezio, Caterina, Mimmo, Tanja, Cesco, Stefano, Di Vito, Maura, Bugli, Francesca, Randrianarison, Rose M., Gamba, Marco, Rarojoson, Nianja J., Zaborra, Cesare Avesani, Mattarelli, Paola, Trevisi, Paolo, and Giacoma, Cristina

Published
2021
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16. Isochrony as ancestral condition to call and song in a primate.

Author

De Gregorio, Chiara, Maiolini, Marco, Raimondi, Teresa, Carugati, Filippo, Miaretsoa, Longondraza, Valente, Daria, Torti, Valeria, Giacoma, Cristina, Ravignani, Andrea, and Gamba, Marco

Subjects
MUSICAL meter & rhythm, PRIMATES, SONGS, SONGBIRDS, SPEECH
Abstract

Animal songs differ from calls in function and structure, and have comparative and translational value, showing similarities to human music. Rhythm in music is often distributed in quantized classes of intervals known as rhythmic categories. These classes have been found in the songs of a few nonhuman species but never in their calls. Are rhythmic categories song‐specific, as in human music, or can they transcend the song–call boundary? We analyze the vocal displays of one of the few mammals producing both songs and call sequences: Indri indri. We test whether rhythmic categories (a) are conserved across songs produced in different contexts, (b) exist in call sequences, and (c) differ between songs and call sequences. We show that rhythmic categories occur across vocal displays. Vocalization type and function modulate deployment of categories. We find isochrony (1:1 ratio, like the rhythm of a ticking clock) in all song types, but only advertisement songs show three rhythmic categories (1:1, 1:2, 2:1 ratios). Like songs, some call types are also isochronous. Isochrony is the backbone of most indri vocalizations, unlike human speech, where it is rare. In indri, isochrony underlies both songs and hierarchy‐less call sequences and might be ancestral to both. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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18. Correction to: Feeding Ecology and Regurgitation–Reingestion Behavior of the Critically Endangered Indri indri in the Maromizaha Protected Area, Eastern Madagascar

Author

Randrianarison, Rose Marie, Lutz, Meredith, Torti, Valeria, Tan, Chia, Bonadonna, Giovanna, Randrianambinina, Blanchard, Rasoloharijaona, Solofonirina, Rabarison, Harison, Miaretsoa, Longondraza, Rarojoson, Nianja Jemisa, De Gregorio, Chiara, Valente, Daria, Gamba, Marco, Ratsimbazafy, Jonah, and Giacoma, Cristina

Published
2022
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26. Les lois linguistiques de la brièveté : conformité chez le lémurien chanteur Indri indri

Author

Valente, Daria, Gregorio, Chiara De, Favaro, Livio, Friard, Olivier, Miaretsoa, Longondraza, Raimondi, Teresa, Ratsimbazafy, Jonah, Torti, Valeria, Zanoli, Anna, Giacoma, Cristina, and Gamba, Marco

Subjects
Primates, Linguistic laws, Lois linguistiques, Compression, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Communication vocale, Evolution du langage, Vocal communication, Language evolution, General Environmental Science
Abstract

Vocal and gestural sequences of many primate species conform to two principles of compression: the compensation between the length of a construct and that of its constituents (Menzerath-Altmann law) and an inverse relationship between signal length and occurrence (Zipf's law of abbreviation). Although Zipf's law is considered a universal in animal communicative systems, evidence for the adherence of non-human primate vocal behavior to linguistic laws is debated, and information on strepsirrhines is absent. We investigated the vocal behavior of the only singing lemur (Indri indri) to test whether the song of this species shows indication for compression. Because roars have a chaotic structure that prevents the recognition of each individual emission, and long notes are mainly emitted by males, we relied on the core part of the song (i.e., descending phrases, composed of two to six units). Our results indicate that songs conform to both laws. Indeed, shorter phrases are more likely included in the songs, in conformity to Zipf’s law, and unit length decreases with increasing phrase size, in line with Menzerath-Altmann law. Furthermore, despite a sexual dimorphism of both units and phrases duration, these laws characterize the vocal sequences of both sexes. In conclusion, we provide the first evidence for a compromise between signal duration and occurrence in the vocal system of a strepsirrhine species, suggesting that, in primates, selective pressures for compression are more ancestral than previously assumed. Les séquences vocales et gestuelles de plusieurs primates se conforment à deux principes généraux de compression de l'information : la compensation entre la durée d'une construction et celle de ses composants (loi de Menzerath-Altmann) et une relation inverse entre la durée d'un signal et son occurrence (loi d'abréviation de Zipf). Même si la loi de Zipf sur la brièveté a été proposée comme universelle dans la communication animale, les preuves de la conformité du comportement vocal des primates non humains aux lois linguistiques sont encore débattues, et les informations sur les primates strepsirrhiniens font défaut. Nous avons analysé le comportement vocal de la seule espèce de lémurien chanteur (Indri indri) afin de vérifier si le chant de cette espèce présente des preuves de compression. Comme les roars ont une structure chaotique qui empêche la reconnaissance de chaque émission individuelle, et que les longues notes sont généralement émises par les mâles, nous nous sommes concentrés sur la partie centrale du chant (c'est-à-dire les phrases descendantes ou descending phrases, composées de deux à six unités). Nos résultats indiquent que les chants des indris se conforment aux lois linguistiques de Zipf et de Menzerath-Altmann. En effet, les phrases plus courtes sont plus susceptibles d'être incluses dans le chant, et la durée des unités diminue avec l’augmentation de la taille des phrases. Nous avons également constaté que, malgré un dimorphisme sexuel dans la durée des unités et des phrases, ces lois caractérisent les séquences des mâles et des femelles. Nous fournissons la première preuve d'un compromis entre la durée et l'occurrence des signaux dans le comportement vocal d'une espèce de strepsirrhinien, ce qui suggère que, chez les primates, les pressions sélectives pour la compression vocale sont plus ancestrales qu'on ne le supposait auparavant.

Published
2023

27. Cetaceans in the Mediterranean Sea: Encounter Rate, Dominant Species, and Diversity Hotspots

Author

Gnone, Guido, primary, Bellingeri, Michela, additional, Airoldi, Sabina, additional, Gonzalvo, Joan, additional, David, Léa, additional, Di-Méglio, Nathalie, additional, Cañadas, Ana M., additional, Akkaya, Aylin, additional, Awbery, Tim, additional, Mussi, Barbara, additional, Campana, Ilaria, additional, Azzolin, Marta, additional, Dede, Ayhan, additional, Tonay, Arda M., additional, Monaco, Clara, additional, Pellegrino, Giuliana, additional, Tepsich, Paola, additional, Moulins, Aurelie, additional, Arcangeli, Antonella, additional, Labach, Hélène, additional, Scheinin, Aviad P., additional, Mevorach, Yaly, additional, Carlucci, Roberto, additional, Santacesaria, Francesca C., additional, Chicote, Carla A., additional, Gazo, Manel, additional, Tintore, Beatriz, additional, Alessi, Jessica, additional, Mandich, Alberta, additional, Bittau, Luca, additional, Diaz Lopez, Bruno, additional, Azzinari, Caroline, additional, La Manna, Gabriella, additional, Pace, Daniela Silvia, additional, Decandia, Donatella, additional, Castelli, Alberto, additional, Nuti, Silvio, additional, Santoni, Marie-Catherine, additional, Verga, Alessandro, additional, Tomasi, Nicolas, additional, Giacoma, Cristina, additional, Costantino, Matteo, additional, Falabrino, Marta, additional, and Azzellino, Arianna, additional

Published
2023
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29. There You Are! Automated Detection of Indris’ Songs on Features Extracted from Passive Acoustic Recordings

Author

Ravaglia, Davide, primary, Ferrario, Valeria, additional, De Gregorio, Chiara, additional, Carugati, Filippo, additional, Raimondi, Teresa, additional, Cristiano, Walter, additional, Torti, Valeria, additional, Hardenberg, Achaz Von, additional, Ratsimbazafy, Jonah, additional, Valente, Daria, additional, Giacoma, Cristina, additional, and Gamba, Marco, additional

Published
2023
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30. First evidence of contagious yawning in a wild lemur

Author

Valente, Daria, primary, Torti, Valeria, additional, De Gregorio, Chiara, additional, Gamba, Marco, additional, Carugati, Filippo, additional, Miaretsoa, Longondraza, additional, Pavoni, Francesca, additional, Raimondi, Teresa, additional, Ratsimbazafy, Jonah, additional, Giacoma, Cristina, additional, and Norscia, Ivan, additional

Published
2022
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32. Bottlenose dolphins' fin marks comparison highlights limited movements and anthropogenic threats in the waters around Sicily (Italy, Central Mediterranean Sea)

Author

Blasi, Monica Francesca, primary, Alessi, Jessica, additional, Melodia, Carolina, additional, Azzolin, Marta, additional, Giacoma, Cristina, additional, Buscaino, Giuseppa, additional, Buffa, Gaspare, additional, Ceraulo, Maria, additional, Monaco, Clara, additional, Bruccoleri, Fabrizio, additional, Cafaro, Valentina, additional, Raffa, Alessandra, additional, and Papale, Elena, additional

Published
2022
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36. Caractéristiques rythmiques du chant de l'indri et nouvelles perspectives pour une évaluation comparative du rythme chez les primates non humains

Author

Gamba, Marco, primary, Torti, Valeria, additional, Gregorio, Chiara De, additional, Raimondi, Teresa, additional, Miaretsoa, Longondraza, additional, Carugati, Filippo, additional, Cristiano, Walter, additional, Randrianarison, Rose M., additional, Bonadonna, Giovanna, additional, Zanoli, Anna, additional, Friard, Olivier, additional, Valente, Daria, additional, Ravignani, Andrea, additional, and Giacoma, Cristina, additional

Published
2022
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45. Evidence for acoustic discrimination in lemurs: a playback study on wild indris (Indri indri)

Author

Spezie, Giovanni, Gamba, Marco, Giacoma, Cristina, Valente, Daria, De Gregorio, Chiara, Bonadonna, Giovanna, and Torti, Valeria

Subjects
dear-enemy effect, neighbor–stranger discrimination, acoustic communication, primate communication, territoriality, Animal Science and Zoology, song, acoustic communication, dear-enemy effect, neighbor–stranger discrimination, primate communication, song, territoriality, Neighbor-Stranger Discrimination, Numerical Assessment, Loud Calls, Individual Recognition, Antipredator Calls, Vocal Repertoire, Dear Enemies, Song, Territorial, Primates
Abstract

Indris Indri indri are group-living lemurs that occupy stable territories over several years and perform remarkable long-distance vocal displays. Vocal exchanges between long-term territory neighbors may contribute to assessing reciprocal resource-holding potentials, thus adaptively reducing the costs of territorial defense by limiting aggressive escalation. Previous work showed that indris’ songs show distinctive acoustic features at individual and group level. However, the possibility that indris use such cues for individual or group-level recognition has never been investigated experimentally. We conducted a playback experiment to test whether indris discriminate between familiar and nonfamiliar songs. Our rationale lies in the hypothesis of the dear enemy phenomenon, which predicts that territorial animals will show reduced aggression levels toward familiar neighbors compared with novel rivals. We played back stimulus recordings to wild indris from their territory boundaries and examined their responses in terms of vocal and behavioral indicators of willingness to engage in a fight. In line with our predictions, focal animals responded more rapidly and approached more often the speaker in response to playback stimuli of nonfamiliar individuals than to stimuli of neighboring groups. These results indicate that indris can discriminate between different classes of intruders based on distinctive acoustic features of their song choruses. We suggest that increased aggression directed toward unfamiliar intruders may be explained by higher threat levels associated with dispersal and group formation dynamics. We further discuss the relevance of these findings in a strepsirrhine primate model for comparative studies of vocal communication and sociality.

Published
2022

47. Erratum to: Born to sing! Song development in a singing primate

Author

De Gregorio, Chiara, primary, Carugati, Filippo, additional, Estienne, Vittoria, additional, Valente, Daria, additional, Raimondi, Teresa, additional, Torti, Valeria, additional, Miaretsoa, Longondraza, additional, Ratsimbazafy, Jonah, additional, Gamba, Marco, additional, and Giacoma, Cristina, additional

Published
2022
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