156 results on '"Giancola, F."'
Search Results
2. Localization of the Serotonin Transporter in the Dog Intestine and Comparison to the Rat and Human Intestines
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Chiocchetti R., Galiazzo G., Giancola F., Tagliavia C., Bernardini C., Forni M., Pietra M., Chiocchetti R., Galiazzo G., Giancola F., Tagliavia C., Bernardini C., Forni M., and Pietra M.
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enteric nervous system ,General Veterinary ,myenteric plexu ,SERT ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 ,5-HT ,Veterinary Science ,submucosal plexus ,Original Research ,myenteric plexus - Abstract
Serotonin is crucial in gastrointestinal functions, including motility, sensitivity, secretion, and the inflammatory response. The serotonin transporter (SERT), responsible for serotonin reuptake and signaling termination, plays a prominent role in gastrointestinal physiology, representing a promising therapeutic target in digestive disorders. Serotonin transporter expression has been poorly investigated in veterinary medicine, under both healthy and pathological conditions, including canine chronic enteropathy, in which the serotonin metabolism seems to be altered. The aim of the present study was to determine the distribution of SERT immunoreactivity (SERT-IR) in the dog intestine and to compare the findings with those obtained in the rat and human intestines. Serotonin transporter-IR was observed in canine enterocytes, enteric neurons, lamina propria cells and the tunica muscularis. Data obtained in dogs were consistent with those obtained in rats and humans. Since the majority of the serotonin produced by the body is synthesized in the gastrointestinal tract, SERT-expressing cells may exert a role in the mechanism of serotonin reuptake.
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- 2022
3. Extrinsic innervation of ileum and pelvic flexure of foals with ileocolonic aganglionosis
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Giancola, F., Gentilini, F., Romagnoli, N., Spadari, A., Turba, M. E., Giunta, M., Sadeghinezhad, J., Sorteni, C., and Chiocchetti, R.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. BRONJ in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a multicenter case series
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Di Fede, O, Bedogni, A, Giancola, F, Saia, G, Bettini, G, Toia, F, DʼAlessandro, N, Firenze, A, Matranga, D, Fedele, S, and Campisi, G
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- 2016
- Full Text
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5. Excitatory and inhibitory enteric innervation of horse lower esophageal sphincter
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Chiocchetti, R., Giancola, F., Mazzoni, M., Sorteni, C., Romagnoli, N., and Pietra, M.
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- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. The 5-HT4 selective agonist prucalopride exerts neural and epithelial protective effects in vitro
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BIANCO, F., BONORA, E., VARGIOLU, M., GIANCOLA, F., NATARAJAN, D., THAPAR, N., STANGHELLINI, V., SERI, M., CLAVENZANI, P., BOMBARDI, C., GRANDIS, A., and DE GIORGIO, R.
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- 2015
7. Beauty revealed in Pakistan and Italy. How younger citizens remove the veils that hide cultural heritage
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Rajabi, M, Petrucci, E, Barchetta, L, Lapucci, D, Giancola, F, Occelli, C L. M., Palma, R, Ruiz Bazán, I, Marino, M, Alarcón-Chaires,P, Benhumea-León, M, García-Nieto, M.C, Martínez-Segura, M.A, Belardi,P, Marziani, M, Ramaccini, G, De Nicola,A, Magri, P, Zuccoli, F, Mazhar, M, Ryser, J, Farnaz Arefian, F, De Nicola, A, Rajabi, M, Petrucci, E, Barchetta, L, Lapucci, D, Giancola, F, Occelli, C L. M., Palma, R, Ruiz Bazán, I, Marino, M, Alarcón-Chaires,P, Benhumea-León, M, García-Nieto, M.C, Martínez-Segura, M.A, Belardi,P, Marziani, M, Ramaccini, G, De Nicola,A, Magri, P, Zuccoli, F, Mazhar, M, Ryser, J, Farnaz Arefian, F, and De Nicola, A
- Abstract
Drawing on a common sensibility that transcends local circumstances, we ex- amine how similar solutions have been identified for problems with different root causes and arising in highly diverse settings in two different continents. The solutions presented share an educational approach based on offering sensory experience and en- couraging communities to participate in the educational process. In the Pakistani ex- ample, this approach was proposed by a group of artists, while in the Italian one it was developed by researchers through their participation in and analysis of art projects.
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- 2021
8. Clinical and Neurochemical Features of chronic constipation in patients with Parkinson disease: PP076**
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GIANCOLA, F., LATORRE, R., SORTENI, C., TORRESAN, F., IOANNOU, A., GUARINO, M., BARBARA, G., CREMON, C., CHIOCCHETTI, R., VALLORANI, C., CLAVENZANI, P., STANGHELLINI, V., STERNINI, C., and DE GIORGIO, R.
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- 2014
9. Corrigendum: Cellular Distribution of Canonical and Putative Cannabinoid Receptors in Canine Cervical Dorsal Root Ganglia (Frontiers in Veterinary Science, (2019), 6, (313), 10.3389/fvets.2019.00313)
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Chiocchetti R., Galiazzo G., Tagliavia C., Stanzani A., Giancola F., Menchetti M., Militerno G., Bernardini C., Forni M., Mandrioli L., Chiocchetti R., Galiazzo G., Tagliavia C., Stanzani A., Giancola F., Menchetti M., Militerno G., Bernardini C., Forni M., and Mandrioli L.
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cannabinoid receptor 2 ,cannabinoid receptor 1 ,nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha ,nervous system ,transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 ,endocannabinoid ,satellite glial cell ,G protein-coupled receptor 55 - Abstract
In the original article, there was a mistake in the legend for Figure 3 as published. The legend of Figure 3 (g-l) is incorrect. The correct legend appears below. FIGURE 3 | Photomicrographs of cryosections of canine cervical (C8) dorsal root ganglion showing cannabinoid receptor 2- (CB2), glial fibrillary acidic protein- (GFAP), and CD31-immunoreactivity. (a–c) Stars indicate NeuroTrace labeled (a) dorsal root ganglion sensory neurons which were CB2 receptor negative (b), as well as the satellite glial cells (white arrows). (d–f) Stars indicate sensory neurons encircled by satellite glial cells (white arrows) which were GFAP-immunoreactive (e) and CB2 receptor negative. CB2 receptor immunoreactivity was expressed by Schwann cells and neuronal nuclei (open arrow). (g–i) The empty arrow indicates one neuronal axon that bifurcates (T-junction) in its central and peripheral portions (large white arrows). The small arrows indicate the nuclei of Schwann cells. (j–l) Open arrows indicate smooth muscle cells (vessel on the left) and pericyte-like cells (elongated and thin blood vessel on the right) showing CB2 receptor immunoreactivity (j).White arrows indicate endothelial cells showing CD31 immunoreactivity (k). Bar: a–f, j–l = 50μm; g–i = 100 μm. The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.
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- 2019
10. Evidence of RET/GDNF-related apolipoprotein B(APOB) activation and altered expression in patients with chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIPO): 004
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BIANCO, F., BONORA, E., COGLIANDRO, R., VARGIOLU, M., GIANCOLA, F., BOSCHETTI, E., SERI, M., BARBARA, G., CORINALDESI, R., STANGHELLINI, V., and DE GIORGIO, R.
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- 2012
11. Neuroimmune mechanisms in symptom generation in patients with non-celiac gluten / wheat sensitivity
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Giancola, F, Volta, U, Repossi, R, Latorre, R, Beeckmans, D, Caio, G, Vanuytsel, T, Stanghellini, V, Tack, J, and De Giorgio, R
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NO - Published
- 2018
12. Dual localization of oral Kaposi’s sarcoma in HIV-negative patient: a rare case report
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Capocasale, G., Mauceri, R., De Lillo, A., Lo Russo, L., Giancola, F., Di Fede, O., Capocasale, G., Mauceri, R., De Lillo, A., Lo Russo, L., Giancola, F., and Di Fede, O.
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Settore MED/28 - Malattie Odontostomatologiche ,dual localization, kaposi's sarcoma, hiv, case report - Abstract
Not available
- Published
- 2016
13. Beyond gluten: role of FODMAPs and other wheat proteins as triggers of symptoms in food intolerance
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Volta, U., Serra, M., Caio, G., Boschetti, E., Giancola, F., DE GIORGIO, Roberto, Volta, U., Serra, M., Caio, G., Boschetti, E., Giancola, F., and De Giorgio, R.
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,business.industry ,digestive, oral, and skin physiology ,fermentable oligodi- and mo-nosaccharides and polyols ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,anti-gliadin antibodies ,amylase trypsin inhibitors ,non celiac wheat/ gluten sensitivity ,Gluten ,digestive system diseases ,NO ,Food intolerance ,anti-gliadin antibodies, amylase trypsin inhibitors, fermentable oligodi- and mo-nosaccharides and polyols, non celiac wheat/ gluten sensitivity ,chemistry ,Medicine ,Food science ,business - Abstract
Foods are known to be symptom trigger in a large number of patients. Although the underlying mechanisms are still far from being elucidated, the increasing number of patients presenting with a clinical picture suggestive of food intolerance has recently caught physicians’ attention. This review is intended to focus on clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of food intolerance such as those elicited by wheat/ gluten (non celiac wheat/gluten sensitivity, NCW/GS) and fermentable oligo-, di-, mono-saccharides and polyols (FODMAPs). NCWGS is a syndrome characterized by gastrointestinal (e.g., bloating, abdominal pain and bowel habit changes) and extraintestinal (e.g., headache, skin rashes and fibromyalgia-like) symptoms related to the ingestion of gluten-containing foods in subjects testing negative for celiac disease and/or wheat allergy. Symptoms improve/disappear after gluten-free diet and recur with gluten challenge. Functional bowel symptoms overlapping those of NCW/GS are also evoked by FODMAPs and wheat proteins (e.g., amylase trypsin inhibitors). So far, there are no biomarkers for NCW/GS, although 50% of patients display IgG anti-gliadin antibodies. A double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge is currently the only way to confirm the diagnosis of NCW/GS. There are no controlled trials to prove actual efficacy of low-FODMAPs diet vs placebo. Studies are eagerly awaited to shed light on dietary changes as measure to be used in patients with food sensitivity and related gut symptoms.
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- 2015
14. INPP4B overexpression and c‐KIT downregulation in human achalasia
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Bonora, E., primary, Bianco, F., additional, Stanzani, A., additional, Giancola, F., additional, Astolfi, A., additional, Indio, V., additional, Evangelisti, C., additional, Martelli, A. M., additional, Boschetti, E., additional, Lugaresi, M., additional, Ioannou, A., additional, Torresan, F., additional, Stanghellini, V., additional, Clavenzani, P., additional, Seri, M., additional, Moonen, A., additional, Van Beek, K., additional, Wouters, M., additional, Boeckxstaens, G. E., additional, Zaninotto, G., additional, Mattioli, S., additional, and De Giorgio, R., additional
- Published
- 2018
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15. Cerebral Mitochondrial Microangiopathy Leads to Leukoencephalopathy in Mitochondrial Neurogastrointestinal Encephalopathy
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Gramegna, L.L., primary, Pisano, A., additional, Testa, C., additional, Manners, D.N., additional, D'Angelo, R., additional, Boschetti, E., additional, Giancola, F., additional, Pironi, L., additional, Caporali, L., additional, Capristo, M., additional, Valentino, M.L., additional, Plazzi, G., additional, Casali, C., additional, Dotti, M.T., additional, Cenacchi, G., additional, Hirano, M., additional, Giordano, C., additional, Parchi, P., additional, Rinaldi, R., additional, De Giorgio, R., additional, Lodi, R., additional, Carelli, V., additional, and Tonon, C., additional
- Published
- 2018
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16. Localization of the 5‐hydroxytryptamine 4 receptor in equine enteric neurons and extrinsic sensory fibers
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Giancola, F., primary, Rambaldi, A. M., additional, Bianco, F., additional, Iusco, S., additional, Romagnoli, N., additional, Tagliavia, C., additional, Bombardi, C., additional, Clavenzani, P., additional, De Giorgio, R., additional, and Chiocchetti, R., additional
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- 2017
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17. Downregulation of neuronal vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in Parkinson's disease and chronic constipation
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Giancola, F., primary, Torresan, F., additional, Repossi, R., additional, Bianco, F., additional, Latorre, R., additional, Ioannou, A., additional, Guarino, M., additional, Volta, U., additional, Clavenzani, P., additional, Mazzoni, M., additional, Chiocchetti, R., additional, Bazzoli, F., additional, Travagli, R. A., additional, Sternini, C., additional, and De Giorgio, R., additional
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- 2016
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18. Osteonecrosis of the jaw related to everolimus and bisphosphonate: a unique case report?
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Giancola, F., Campisi, G., Russo, L. Lo, Muzio, L. Lo, Di Fede, O., Giancola, F, Campisi, G, Lo Russo, L, Lo Muzio, L, and Di Fede, O
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Settore MED/28 - Malattie Odontostomatologiche ,Case Report ,osteonecrosis of the jaws, everolimus - Abstract
Osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) is a rare but serious lesion of the jaw, characterized mainly by exposed necrotic bone;it is related to various drugs, usually used for treating patients with advanced malignancies. Drugs implicated in ONJ are: nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates (NBPs), denosumab, anti-angiogenic drugs (e.g bevacizumab, sunitinib,sorafenib) and the selective mammalian target of rapamycin mTOR, everolimus. Previous data regarding the combining of NBPs with antiangiogenic agents conflict with some reports (indicating a similar risk of ONJ compared with the use of NBPs alone1); other reports show significantly higher rates (18% vs 1% with NBPs alone) of the incidence of ONJ2. The mTOR is a serine/threonine kinase, a component of a complex signaling pathway, involved in cell growth and metabolism, reducing VEGF levels and inhibiting the growth and proliferation of tumor cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts and blood vassels. Everolimus has been approved for the treatment of advanced breast cancer, neuroendocrine tumors of pancreatic origin (pNET), and advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). This case report may help to explain the temporal relationship between therapy and the occurrence of ONJ with the sequential use of NBPs and mTOR. A 64-year-old male patient underwent a left, radical nephrectomy in 1992 for clear-cell renal carcinoma. In July 2010 he developed a bone metastasis and he was treated with zoledronic acid 4 mg IV every 4 weeks between 7 July 2010 and 17 August 2012. In February 2011 he had another recurrence, a lung metastasis treated with lobectomy and everolimus 10 mg/die for 6 months from 11 April 2011 to 31 October 2012. In 13 October 2012 the patient showed a facial enlargement and oral fistula in the first quadrant with no history of tooth extraction. A bone scan revealed an ill-defined radiolucency and an orosinusal communication. In January 2013 the patient underwent a right and partial left maxillectomy and is currently being followed up to minimize the risk of new adverse reactions.
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- 2013
19. Clinical and immunological relevance of anti-neuronal antibodies in celiac disease with neurological manifestations
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Giacomo Caio, Giorgio, R., Venturi, A., Giancola, F., Latorre, R., Boschetti, E., Serra, M., Ruggeri, E., Volta, U., Caio, Giacomo, De Giorgio, Roberto, Venturi, Alessandro, Giancola, Fiorella, Latorre, Rocco, Boschetti, Elisa, Serra, Mauro, Ruggeri, Eugenio, and Volta, Umberto
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Anti neuronal antibodies, Celiac disease, Neurological symptoms ,Anti neuronal antibodies ,nutritional and metabolic diseases ,Celiac disease ,Neurological symptoms ,Original Article ,digestive system diseases ,Anti neuronal antibodie ,NO - Abstract
Aim: To assess anti-neuronal antibodies (NA) prevalence and their correlation with neurological disorders and bowel habits in celiac disease (CD) patients. Background: Neurological manifestations are estimated to occur in about 10% of celiac disease patients and NA to central nervous system (CNS) and enteric nervous system (ENS) are found in a significant proportion of them. Little is known about the clinical and immunological features in CD patients with neurological manifestations. Patients and methods: NA to CNS and ENS were investigated in 106 CD patients and in 60 controls with autoimmune disorders by indirect immunofluorescence on rat / primate cerebellar cortex and intestinal (small and large bowel) sections. Results: IgG NA to CNS (titer 1:50 - 1:400) were positive in 23 celiacs (21%), being more frequently detected in those with neurological disorders that in those without neurological dysfunction (49% vs. 8%, P< 0.0001). Of the 26 celiacs (24%) with IgG NA to ENS, 11 out of 12 with an antibody titer > 1:200 had severe constipation. Only one patient with cerebellar ataxia and intestinal sub-occlusion was positive for NA to CNS and ENS. NA to CNS and ENS were found in 7% and 5% of controls, respectively. Conclusion: In CD the positivity of NA to CNS can be regarded as a marker of neurological manifestations. High titer NA to ENS are associated with severe constipation. The demonstration of NA to CNS and ENS suggests an immune-mediated pathogenesis leading to central neural impairment as well as gut dysfunction (hence constipation), respectively.
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- 2015
20. Molecular differences underlying chronic constipation vs constipated Parkinson disease patients
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Giancola, F., Latorre, R., Bianco, F., Repossi, R., Torresan, F., Ioannou, A., Guarino, M., Barbara, G., Chiocchetti, R., Clavenzani, P., Maurizio Mazzoni, Stanghellini, V., Cortelli, P., Sternini, C., Giorgio, R., Giancola, Fiorella, Latorre, Rocco, Bianco, Francesca, Repossi, R., Torresan, F., Ioannou, A., Guarino, M., Barbara, Giovanni, Chiocchetti, Roberto, Clavenzani, Paolo, Mazzoni, Maurizio, Stanghellini, Vincenzo, Cortelli, P., Sternini, C., and De Giorgio, Roberto
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Parkinson disease ,chronic constipation, Parkinson disease ,chronic constipation ,NO - Published
- 2015
21. Regulation of taste signaling molecules by high protein diet in the pig gastrointestinal tract
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Mazzoni, M., primary, De Giorgio, R., additional, Bombardi, C., additional, Grandis, A., additional, Vallorani, C., additional, Giancola, F., additional, Bianco, F., additional, Sternini, C., additional, and Clavenzani, P., additional
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- 2016
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22. Quantification of nitrergic neurons in the myenteric plexus of gastric antrum and ileum of healthy and diabetic dogs
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Giancola, F., primary, Fracassi, F., additional, Gallucci, A., additional, Sadeghinezhad, J., additional, Polidoro, G., additional, Zini, E., additional, Asti, M., additional, and Chiocchetti, R., additional
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- 2016
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23. Modification of the enteric nervous system in diabetic dogs: An immunohistochemical study
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Giancola, F., primary, Fracassi, F., additional, Gallucci, A., additional, Sadeghinezhad, J., additional, Zini, E., additional, Asti, M., additional, and Chiocchetti, R., additional
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- 2015
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24. Downregulation of neuronal vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in Parkinson's disease and chronic constipation.
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Giancola, F., Torresan, F., Repossi, R., Bianco, F., Latorre, R., Ioannou, A., Guarino, M., Volta, U., Clavenzani, P., Mazzoni, M., Chiocchetti, R., Bazzoli, F., Travagli, R. A., Sternini, C., and De Giorgio, R.
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POLYPEPTIDES , *PARKINSON'S disease , *CONSTIPATION , *DOWNREGULATION , *ESOPHAGEAL motility disorders , *MESSENGER RNA - Abstract
Background Chronic constipation ( CC) is a common and severe gastrointestinal complaint in Parkinson's disease ( PD), but its pathogenesis remains poorly understood. This study evaluated functionally distinct submucosal neurons in relation to colonic motility and anorectal function in PD patients with constipation ( PD/ CC) vs both CC and controls. Methods Twenty-nine PD/ CC and 10 Rome III-defined CC patients were enrolled. Twenty asymptomatic age-sex matched subjects served as controls. Colonic transit time measurement and conventional anorectal manometry were evaluated in PD/ CC and CC patients. Colonoscopy was performed in all three groups. Colonic submucosal whole mounts from PD/ CC, CC, and controls were processed for immunohistochemistry with antibodies for vasoactive intestinal polypeptide ( VIP) and peripheral choline acetyltransferase, markers for functionally distinct submucosal neurons. The mRNA expression of VIP and its receptors were also assessed. Key Results Four subgroups of PD/ CC patients were identified: delayed colonic transit plus altered anorectal manometry (65%); delayed colonic transit (13%); altered manometric pattern (13%); and no transit and manometric impairment (9%). There were no differences in the number of neurons/ganglion between PD/ CC vs CC or vs controls. A reduced number of submucosal neurons containing VIP immunoreactivity was found in PD/ CC vs controls ( P<.05). VIP, VIPR1, and VIPR2 mRNA expression was significantly reduced in PD/ CC vs CC and controls ( P<.05). Conclusions and Inferences Colonic motor and rectal sensory functions are impaired in most PD/ CC patients. These abnormalities are associated with a decreased VIP expression in submucosal neurons. Both sensory-motor abnormalities and neurally mediated motor and secretory mechanisms are likely to contribute to PD/ CC pathophysiology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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25. Structure and innervation of retia mirabilia of Bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus)
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Gardini, A., primary, Chiocchetti, R., additional, Giancola, F., additional, Mazzoni, M., additional, and Bombardi, C., additional
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- 2014
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26. Preclinical emergence of vandetanib as a potent antitumour agent in mesothelioma: molecular mechanisms underlying its synergistic interaction with pemetrexed and carboplatin
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Giovannetti, E, primary, Zucali, P A, additional, Assaraf, Y G, additional, Leon, L G, additional, Smid, K, additional, Alecci, C, additional, Giancola, F, additional, Destro, A, additional, Gianoncelli, L, additional, Lorenzi, E, additional, Roncalli, M, additional, Santoro, A, additional, and Peters, G J, additional
- Published
- 2011
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27. 6639 POSTER Polymorphisms Associated With the Clinical Outcome of Biliary Tract Cancer (BTC) Patients Treated With the Epirubicin, Cisplatin and Capecitabine (ECX) Regimen
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Pacetti, P., primary, Giovannetti, E., additional, Mambrini, A., additional, Zaccarelli, E., additional, Orlandi, M., additional, Alecci, C., additional, Tartarini, R., additional, Giancola, F., additional, Godefridus, J.R., additional, and Cantore, M., additional
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- 2011
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28. Study of Apoptosis Induction and Deoxycytidine Kinase/Cytidine Deaminase Modulation in the Synergistic Interaction of a Novel Ceramide Analog and Gemcitabine in Pancreatic Cancer Cells
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Giovannetti, E., primary, Leon, L. G., additional, Bertini, S., additional, Macchia, M., additional, Minutolo, F., additional, Funel, N., additional, Alecci, C., additional, Giancola, F., additional, Danesi, R., additional, and Peters, G. J., additional
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- 2010
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29. Serum concentration of Procollagen-type III peptide in Chronic active hepatitis and in Cirrhosis of the liver and their diagnostic value
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Quartini, M., Coaccioli, Stefano, Mattioli, M., Serino, G., Giancola, F., and Puxeddu, Adolfo
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- 1993
30. Serum hepatic Prolyl-hydroxylase in human liver disease
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Quartini, M., Coaccioli, Stefano, Pizzuti, C., Evangelisti, G. P., Serino, G., Giancola, F., and Puxeddu, Adolfo
- Published
- 1993
31. THE ROLE OF HIGH-DOSE VITAMIN D IN RISK REDUCTION OF OSTEONECROSIS OF THE JAW IN CANCER PATIENTS RECEIVING ZOLEDRONIC ACID
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Giancola, F., Giancola, F., DI FEDE, Olga, and CAMPISI, Giuseppina
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OSTEONECROSIS, JAW, VITAMIN D, ZOLEDRONIC ACID, CANCER - Abstract
Osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) is a serious complication of oncological patients after or during drug therapy, whose manifestations range from asymptomatic to aspects requiring extensive operative treatment and adversely affecting patient’s qualify of life. Taking in account that the lack of supplementation vitamin D causes hypovitaminosis, increasing bone renewal, losing bone mass, and in severe cases determing osteomalacia (one of the risk factors for ONJ) and that the probability of developing ONJ increases significantly during the first 3 years of treatment, the main objective of the present study is to assess whether the implementation of high-dose vitamin D in oncologic patients treated with zoledronic acid plus the well-known primary prevention protocols for elimination of potential risk factors could effectively reduce the risk of ONJ. Given the simplicity, safety and low costs of vitamin D supplementation, the finding of a real protective effect on the development of ONJ may have important implications in clinical practice, making safer the administration of zoledronic acid.
32. Differential SAR Interferometry for surface monitoring of an Earth Dam
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Corsetti, M., Giancola, F., michele manunta, Marsella, M., and Sonnessa, A.
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embankment dams ,cofferdams ,displacement measurement ,interferometry ,space-based radar ,weather satellites
33. Autoimmune enteropathy: not all flat mucosa mean coeliac disease
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Volta, U., Mumolo, M. G., Caio, G., Boschetti, E., Latorre, R., Giancola, F., Paola PATERINI, Giorgio, R., Volta, Umberto, Mumolo, Maria Gloria, Caio, Giacomo, Boschetti, Elisa, Latorre, Rocco, Giancola, Fiorella, Paterini, Paola, and De Giorgio, Roberto
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Malabsorption ,Enterocyte autoantibodies ,nutritional and metabolic diseases ,Enterocyte autoantibodie ,Case Report ,Autoimmune enteropathy ,Villous atrophy ,NO - Abstract
A 62-year-old woman complaining of severe malabsorption was diagnosed with celiac disease based on the findings of flat, small intestinal mucosa and HLA-DQ2 positivity, although celiac serology was negative. This diagnosis was questioned due to the lack of clinical and histological improvement after a long period of strict gluten-free diet. The detection of enterocyte autoantibodies guided to the correct diagnosis of autoimmune enteropathy, leading to a complete recovery of the patient following an appropriate immunosuppressive treatment. Autoimmune enteropathy should be considered in the differential diagnosis of malabsorption with severe villous atrophy, including those cases with negative celiac-related serology.
34. Mandibular torus as known ONJ risk factor: a case report of osteonecrosis of the jaw.
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Giancola, F., Di Fede, O., Giannatempo, G., Dioguardi, M., and Campisi, G.
- Published
- 2015
35. Use of porcine collagen matrix (Mucograft®) to promote the wound healing in the oral cavity.
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Laino, L., Giuliani, M., Mauceri, R., Giancola, F., and Troiano, G.
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- 2015
36. Root resorption caused by osteoma growth.
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Cocco, A., Giannatempo, G., Giancola, F., Tozzo, P., and Ciavarella, D.
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- 2015
37. Phosphorylated Tau protein in the myenteric plexus of the ileum and colon of normothermic rats and during synthetic torpor
- Author
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Fiorella Giancola, Fabio Squarcio, Timna Hitrec, Matteo Cerri, Roberto Chiocchetti, Marco Luppi, M. De Silva, Giorgia Galiazzo, Roberto Amici, Emiliana Piscitiello, Javad Sadeghinezhad, Chiocchetti R., Hitrec T., Giancola F., Sadeghinezhad J., Squarcio F., Galiazzo G., Piscitiello E., De Silva M., Cerri M., Amici R., and Luppi M.
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Male ,0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Histology ,Colon ,Torpor ,Tau protein ,Myenteric Plexus ,tau Proteins ,Hypothermia ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Choline acetyltransferase ,Ileum ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Phosphorylation ,Cholinergic neuron ,Myenteric plexus ,Neuronal nitric oxide synthase ,biology ,Regular Article ,Cell Biology ,Immunohistochemistry ,Rats ,030104 developmental biology ,Endocrinology ,Tauopathies ,biology.protein ,Cholinergic ,Enteric nervous system ,Nitrergic Neuron ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Tau protein is of primary importance for neuronal homeostasis and when hyperphosphorylated (PP-Tau), it tends to aggregate in neurofibrillary tangles, as is the case with tauopathies, a class of neurodegenerative disorders. Reversible PP-Tau accumulation occurs in the brain of hibernating rodents and it was recently observed in rats (a non-hibernator) during synthetic torpor (ST), a pharmacological-induced torpor-like condition. To date, the expression of PP-Tau in the rat enteric nervous system (ENS) is still unknown. The present study immunohistochemically investigates the PP-Tau expression in the myenteric plexus of the ileum and colon of normothermic rats (CTRL) and during ST, focusing on the two major subclasses of enteric neurons, i.e., cholinergic and nitrergic. Results showed that both groups of rats expressed PP-Tau, with a significantly increased percentage of PP-Tau immunoreactive (IR) neurons in ST vs. CTRL. In all rats, the majority of PP-Tau-IR neurons were cholinergic. In ST rats, the percentage of PP-Tau-IR neurons expressing a nitrergic phenotype increased, although with no significant differences between groups. In addition, the ileum of ST rats showed a significant decrease in the percentage of nitrergic neurons. In conclusion, our findings suggest an adaptive response of ENS to very low core body temperatures, with changes involving PP-tau expression in enteric neurons, especially the ileal nitrergic subpopulation. In addition, the high presence of PP-Tau in cholinergic neurons, specifically, is very interesting and deserves further investigation. Altogether, these data strengthen the hypothesis of a common cellular mechanism triggered by ST, natural hibernation and tauopathies occurring in ENS neurons. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00441-020-03328-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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- 2021
38. Localisation of cannabinoid and cannabinoid‐related receptors in the equine dorsal root ganglia
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Agnese Stanzani, Claudio Tagliavia, Alessandro Spadari, Ylenia Capodanno, Margherita De Silva, Fiorella Giancola, Roberto Chiocchetti, Giorgia Galiazzo, Riccardo Rinnovati, and Chiocchetti R, Rinnovati R, Tagliavia C, Stanzani A, Galiazzo G, Giancola F, Silva M, Capodanno Y, Spadari A
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Cannabinoid receptor ,040301 veterinary sciences ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Pain ,Sensory system ,Biology ,PPARα ,TRPA1 ,0403 veterinary science ,5-HT1aR ,Transient receptor potential channel ,Ganglia, Spinal ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Horses ,Receptors, Cannabinoid ,Receptor ,Neurons ,Cannabinoids ,0402 animal and dairy science ,Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,General Medicine ,CB1 ,040201 dairy & animal science ,CB2 ,horse ,Endocrinology ,Immunohistochemistry ,Serotonin ,Cannabinoid - Abstract
Background Growing evidence recognises cannabinoid receptors as potential therapeutic targets for pain. Consequently, there is increasing interest in developing cannabinoid receptor agonists for treating pain. As a general rule, to better understand the actions of a drug, it would be of extreme importance to know the cellular distribution of its specific receptors. The localisation of cannabinoid receptors in the dorsal root ganglia of the horse has not yet been investigated. Objectives To localise the cellular distribution of canonical and putative cannabinoid receptors in the equine cervical dorsal root ganglia. Study design Qualitative and quantitative immunohistochemical study. Methods Cervical (C6-C8) dorsal root ganglia were collected from six horses (1.5 years of age) at the slaughterhouse. The tissues were fixed and processed to obtain cryosections which were used to investigate the immunoreactivity of canonical cannabinoid receptors 1 (CB1R) and 2 (CB2R), and for three putative cannabinoid-related receptors: nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) and serotonin 5-HT1a receptor (5-HT1aR). Results The neurons showed immunoreactivity for CB1R (100%), CB2R (80% ± 13%), PPARα (100%), TRPA1 (74% ± 10%) and 5-HT1aR (84% ± 6%). The neuronal satellite glial cells showed immunoreactivity for CB2R, PPARα, TRPA1 and 5-HT1aR. Main limitations The low number of horses included in the study. Conclusions This study highlighted the expression of cannabinoid receptors in the sensory neurons and glial cells of the dorsal root ganglia. These findings could be of particular relevance for future functional studies assessing the effects of cannabinoids in horses to manage pain.
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- 2020
39. Cellular distribution of cannabinoid-related receptors TRPV1, PPAR-gamma, GPR55 and GPR3 in the equine cervical dorsal root ganglia
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Margherita De Silva, Giorgia Galiazzo, Roberto Chiocchetti, Fiorella Giancola, Angelo Peli, Riccardo Rinnovati, Galiazzo G., De Silva M., Giancola F., Rinnovati R., Peli A., and Chiocchetti R.
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,spinal ganglia ,Cannabinoid receptor ,medicine.medical_treatment ,TRPV1 ,Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ,General Medicine ,Pharmacology ,Biology ,horse ,chemistry ,GPR55 ,nervous system ,immunohistochemistry ,medicine ,CBD ,lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins) ,Cannabinoid ,Receptor ,Cannabidiol ,medicine.drug ,Ionotropic effect - Abstract
Background: The activation of cannabinoid and cannabinoid-related receptors by endogenous, plant-derived or synthetic cannabinoids may exert beneficial effects on pain perception. Of the cannabinoids contained in Cannabis sativa, cannabidiol (CBD) does not produce psychotropic effects and seems to represent a molecule having great therapeutic potential. Cannabidiol acts on a great number of cannabinoid and cannabinoid-related G-protein-coupled receptors and ionotropic receptors which have, to date, been understudied in veterinary medicine particularly in equine medicine. Objectives: To localise the cellular distribution of four putative cannabinoid-related receptors in the equine cervical dorsal root ganglia (DRG). Study design: A qualitative and quantitative immunohistochemical study. Methods: The cervical (C6-C8) DRG of six slaughtered horses were obtained from a local slaughterhouse. The tissues were fixed and processed for immunohistochemistry, and the resulting cryosections were used to investigate immunoreactivity for the following putative CBD receptors: Transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1), nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), and G protein-coupled receptors 55 (GPR55) and 3 (GPR3). Results: Large percentages of neuronal cell bodies showed immunoreactivity for TRPV1 (80±20%), PPARγ (100%), GPR55 (64±15%) and GPR3 (63±11%). The satellite glial cells (SGCs) were immunoreactive for TRPV1, PPARγ and GPR55. In addition, GPR55 immunoreactivity was expressed by DRG interneuronal macrophages. In addition, microglia cells were observed surrounding the neuron–SGC complex. Main limitations: The limited number of horses included in the study. Conclusions: Cannabinoid-related receptors were distributed in the sensory neurons (TRPV1, PPARγ, GPR55 and GPR3), SGCs (TRPV1, PPARγ and GPR55), macrophages (GPR55) and other interneuronal cells (PPARγ and GPR55) of the equine DRG. Given the key role of DRG cellular elements and cannabinoid receptors in the pathophysiology of pain, the present findings provided an anatomical basis for additional studies aimed at exploring the therapeutic uses of non-psychotropic cannabinoid agonists for the management of pain in horses.
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- 2021
40. Nitrergic and Substance P Immunoreactive Neurons in the Enteric Nervous System of the Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) Intestine
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Bruno Cozzi, Roberto Chiocchetti, Fiorella Giancola, Anna Maria Rambaldi, Jean-Marie Graïc, Giorgia Galiazzo, Cristiano Bombardi, Giulia Salamanca, Bombardi C., Rambaldi A.M., Galiazzo G., Giancola F., Graic J.-M., Salamanca G., Cozzi B., and Chiocchetti R.
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Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Cetaceans ,Gut ,Immunohistochemistry ,Intestine ,NNOS ,Population ,nNOS ,Substance P ,Article ,cetaceans ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Neurochemical ,lcsh:Zoology ,medicine ,lcsh:QL1-991 ,education ,intestine ,Myenteric plexus ,education.field_of_study ,lcsh:Veterinary medicine ,General Veterinary ,biology ,Cetacean ,Bottlenose dolphin ,biology.organism_classification ,chemistry ,nervous system ,immunohistochemistry ,lcsh:SF600-1100 ,gut ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Enteric nervous system ,Nitrergic Neuron - Abstract
Simple Summary The gastrointestinal tract of the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) differs structurally and functionally from that of terrestrial mammals. In particular, the intestine does not show any macroscopic subdivision and lacks a caecum. In addition, the histological aspect of the intestine is relatively constant, without marked differences between the anterior and posterior parts. Although the intestine of these cetaceans presents differences in comparison with terrestrial mammals, little information is currently available on their enteric nervous system. The aim of the present study was to investigate the morphological and quantitative aspects of neurons immunoreactive (IR) for the neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and Substance P (SP) in the intestine of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). In these dolphin specimens, a smaller number of nNOS-IR neurons in the submucosal plexus and a larger number of SP-IR neurons in the myenteric plexus were observed compared to other mammals. Interestingly, no co-localization between nNOS- and SP-IR neurons was detected in either of the plexuses, suggesting the existence of two completely distinct functional classes of neurons in the intestine of the bottlenose dolphin. Abstract Compared with other mammals, the digestive system of cetaceans presents some remarkable anatomical and physiological differences. However, the neurochemical features of the enteric nervous system (ENS) in these animals have only been described in part. The present study gives a description of the nitrergic and selected peptidergic systems in the myenteric plexus (MP) and submucosal plexus (SMP) of the intestine of the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus). The distribution and morphology of neurons immunoreactive (IR) for the neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and Substance P (SP) were immunohistochemically studied in formalin-fixed specimens from the healthy intestine of three animals, and the data were compared with those described in the literature on other mammals (human and non-human). In bottlenose dolphins, the percentages of nitrergic neurons (expressed as median and interquartile range—IQR) were 28% (IQR = 19–29) in the MP and 1% (IQR = 0–2) in the SMP, while the percentages of SP-IR neurons were 31% (IQR = 22–37) in the MP and 41% (IQR = 24–63) in the SMP. Although morphological features of nNOS- and SP-IR neurons were similar to those reported in other mammals, we found some noticeable differences in the percentages of enteric neurons. In fact, we detected a lower proportion of nNOS-IR neurons in the SMP and a higher proportion of SP-IR neurons in the MP compared to other mammals. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study represents the first description and quantification of nNOS-IR neurons and the first quantification of SP-IR neurons in the intestine of a cetacean species. As nNOS and SP are important mediators of intestinal functions and the nitrergic population is an important target for many neuroenteropathies, data obtained from a healthy intestine provide a necessary basis to further investigate and understand possible functional differences and motor intestinal dysfunctions/alterations in these special mammals.
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- 2021
41. Expression of cannabinoid and cannabinoid-related receptors in the oral mucosa of healthy cats and cats with chronic gingivostomatitis
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Giulia Polidoro, Maria Kouki, Giorgia Galiazzo, Serafeim Papadimitriou, Silvia Sabattini, Fiorella Giancola, Antonella Rigillo, Roberto Chiocchetti, and Polidoro G, Galiazzo G, Giancola F, Papadimitriou S, Kouki M, Sabattini S, Rigillo A, Chiocchetti R.
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0301 basic medicine ,FCGS ,040301 veterinary sciences ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Chronic gingivostomatitis ,Cat Diseases ,TRPA1 ,0403 veterinary science ,03 medical and health sciences ,5-HT1aR ,medicine ,Animals ,CB1R ,Oral mucosa ,Receptors, Cannabinoid ,Small Animals ,Receptor ,oral mucosa ,Inflammation ,Stomatitis ,CATS ,Cannabinoids ,business.industry ,Mouth Mucosa ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Dental extraction ,GPR55 ,Immunology ,immunohistochemistry ,Cats ,CB2R ,Cannabinoid ,Oral disease ,business - Abstract
Objectives Feline chronic gingivostomatitis (FCGS) is an oral disease. Cats with FCGS experience intense oral pain. Some cats remain refractory to current therapies based on dental extraction and adjuvant medical treatment; it is therefore necessary to investigate alternative therapeutic targets involved in inflammatory mechanisms and pain, namely the endocannabinoid system (ECS). The present study investigated the expression of cannabinoid receptors type 1 (CB1R) and 2 (CB2R), and cannabinoid-related receptors G protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55), transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) and serotonin 1a receptor (5-HT1aR), in the oral mucosa of healthy cats to determine whether there was altered expression and distribution in cats with FCGS. Methods Samples of caudal oral mucosa were collected from eight control cats (CTRL cats) and from eight cats with FCGS (FCGS cats). Tissue samples were processed using an immunofluorescence assay with cat-specific antibodies, and the immunolabelling of the receptors studied was semiquantitatively evaluated. Results The mucosal epithelium of the CTRL cats showed CB1R, TRPA1 and 5-HT1aR immunoreactivity (IR), while CB2R and GPR55 IR were generally not expressed. In the CTRL cats, the subepithelial inflammatory cells expressed CB2R, GPR55 and 5-HT1aR IR. In the FCGS cats, all the receptors studied were markedly upregulated in the epithelium and inflammatory infiltrate. Conclusions and relevance Cannabinoid and cannabinoid-related receptors are widely expressed in the oral mucosa of healthy cats and are upregulated during the course of FCGS. The presence of cannabinoid and cannabinoid-related receptors in healthy tissues suggests the possible role of the ECS in the homeostasis of the feline oral mucosa, while their overexpression in the inflamed tissues of FCGS cats suggests the involvement of the ECS in the pathogenesis of this disease, with a possible role in the related inflammation and pain. Based on the present findings, ECS could be considered a potential therapeutic target for patients with FCGS.
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- 2021
42. Localisation of Cannabinoid and Cannabinoid-Related Receptors in the Horse Ileum
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Javad Sadeghinezhad, Fiorella Giancola, Roberto Chiocchetti, Annamaria Grandis, Marco Pietra, Claudio Tagliavia, Cristiano Bombardi, Riccardo Rinnovati, Giorgia Galiazzo, Galiazzo G., Tagliavia C., Giancola F., Rinnovati R., Sadeghinezhad J., Bombardi C., Grandis A., Pietra M., and Chiocchetti R.
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Cannabinoid receptor ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Ileum ,Biology ,PPARα ,TRPA1 ,5-HT1aR ,Internal medicine ,Digestive disorder ,medicine ,Animals ,Cannabidiol ,CB1R ,Horses ,Receptors, Cannabinoid ,Receptor ,Cannabis ,Lamina propria ,Cannabinoids ,Equine ,Immunohistochemistry ,Gastrointestinal Tract ,Endocrinology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,CB2R ,Serotonin ,Cannabinoid - Abstract
Colic is a common digestive disorder in horses and one of the most urgent problems in equine medicine. A growing body of literature has indicated that the activation of cannabinoid receptors could exert beneficial effects on gastrointestinal inflammation and visceral hypersensitivity. The localisation of cannabinoid and cannabinoid-related receptors in the intestine of the horse has not yet been investigated. The purpose of this study was to immunohistochemically localise the cellular distribution of canonical and putative cannabinoid receptors in the ileum of healthy horses. Distal ileum specimens were collected from six horses at the slaughterhouse. The tissues were fixed and processed to obtain cryosections which were used to investigate the immunoreactivity of canonical cannabinoid receptors 1 (CB1R) and 2 (CB2R), and three putative cannabinoid-related receptors: nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARα), transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 and serotonin 5-HT1a receptor (5-HT1aR). Cannabinoid and cannabinoid-related receptors showed a wide distribution in the ileum of the horse. The epithelial cells showed immunoreactivity for CB1R, CB2R and 5-HT1aR. Lamina propria inflammatory cells showed immunoreactivity for CB2R and 5-HT1aR. The enteric neurons showed immunoreactivity for CB1R, transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 and PPARα. The enteric glial cells showed immunoreactivity for CB1R and PPARα. The smooth muscle cells of the tunica muscularis and the blood vessels showed immunoreactivity for PPARα. The present study represents a histological basis which could support additional studies regarding the distribution of cannabinoid receptors during gastrointestinal inflammatory diseases as well as studies assessing the effects of non-psychotic cannabis-derived molecules in horses for the management of intestinal diseases.
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- 2021
43. Beauty revealed in Pakistan and Italy. How younger citizens remove the veils that hide cultural heritage
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De Nicola, A, Mazhar, M, Rajabi, M, Petrucci, E, Barchetta, L, Lapucci, D, Giancola, F, Occelli, C L. M., Palma, R, Ruiz Bazán, I, Marino, M, Alarcón-Chaires,P, Benhumea-León, M, García-Nieto, M.C, Martínez-Segura, M.A, Belardi,P, Marziani, M, Ramaccini, G, De Nicola,A, Magri, P, Zuccoli, F, Mazhar, M, Ryser, J, Farnaz Arefian, F, and De Nicola, A
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M-PED/03 - DIDATTICA E PEDAGOGIA SPECIALE ,L-ART/05 - DISCIPLINE DELLO SPETTACOLO ,ICAR/17 - DISEGNO ,L-ART/04 - MUSEOLOGIA E CRITICA ARTISTICA E DEL RESTAURO ,Heritage, Education, Civic engagement, Heritage activism, Karachi, Paki- stan, Lake Como, Italy - Abstract
Drawing on a common sensibility that transcends local circumstances, we ex- amine how similar solutions have been identified for problems with different root causes and arising in highly diverse settings in two different continents. The solutions presented share an educational approach based on offering sensory experience and en- couraging communities to participate in the educational process. In the Pakistani ex- ample, this approach was proposed by a group of artists, while in the Italian one it was developed by researchers through their participation in and analysis of art projects.
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- 2021
44. ACE2 Expression in the Cat and the Tiger Gastrointestinal Tracts
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Federico Fracassi, Fiorella Giancola, Giorgia Galiazzo, Roberto Chiocchetti, Marco Pietra, and Chiocchetti R, Galiazzo G, Fracassi F, Giancola F, Pietra M
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Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,040301 veterinary sciences ,medicine.disease_cause ,0403 veterinary science ,03 medical and health sciences ,angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 ,medicine ,feline ,030304 developmental biology ,Coronavirus ,0303 health sciences ,Gastrointestinal tract ,CATS ,lcsh:Veterinary medicine ,General Veterinary ,biology ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Human gastrointestinal tract ,fungi ,COVID-19 ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Brief Research Report ,Pylorus ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,immunohistochemistry ,biology.protein ,Duodenum ,Immunohistochemistry ,lcsh:SF600-1100 ,Veterinary Science ,Antibody ,hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists - Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has been identified as the functional receptor for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome - Coronavirus – 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It has been identified in the human gastrointestinal tract (GIT), and SARS-CoV-2 has been isolated in human and animal fecal samples. The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression of ACE2 in the gastrointestinal tract of domestic (cat) and wild (tiger) felines. Samples of the pylorus, duodenum and distal colon were collected from six cats and one tiger. The tissues were processed for immunofluorescence assay with an anti-human ACE2 antibody. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 was widely expressed in the gastrointestinal mucosa of the cats and the tiger. In both the species, ACE2-immunoreactivity (ACE2-IR) was expressed by the mucosal epithelial cells of the GIT and by the enteric neurons. In the cats, ACE2-IR was also expressed by the smooth muscle cells of the blood vessels and the tunica muscularis. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 was widely expressed in the gastrointestinal mucosa of the cats and the tiger. The expression of the ACE2 receptor in enteric neurons may support the potential neurotropic properties of SARS-CoV-2. Although the evidence of ACE2-IR in the feline GIT does not necessarily indicate the possibility of viral replication and SARS-CoV-2 spread with stool, the findings in the present study could serve as an anatomical basis for additional studies considering the risk of the SARS-CoV-2 fecal-oral transmission between cats/felids, and between cats/felids and humans.
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- 2020
45. Localization of cannabinoid and cannabinoid related receptors in the cat gastrointestinal tract
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Fiorella Giancola, Federico Fracassi, Giorgia Galiazzo, Margherita De Silva, Agnese Stanzani, Marco Pietra, Roberto Chiocchetti, Claudio Tagliavia, Stanzani A, Galiazzo G, Giancola F, Tagliavia C, De Silva M, Pietra M, Fracassi F, Chiocchetti R., and Agnese Stanzani, Giorgia Galiazzo, Fiorella Giancola, Claudio Tagliavia, Margherita De Silva, Marco Pietra, Federico Fracassi, Roberto Chiocchetti
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0301 basic medicine ,Histology ,Cannabinoid receptor ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Enteroendocrine cell ,Biology ,PPARα ,TRPA1 ,03 medical and health sciences ,medicine ,Animals ,5-HT1a ,Receptor ,Receptors, Cannabinoid ,Molecular Biology ,5-HT receptor ,Gastrointestinal tract ,Lamina propria ,030102 biochemistry & molecular biology ,Cannabinoids ,Cell Biology ,CB1 ,CB1 - CB2 - GPR55 - PPARα - TRPA1 - 5-HT1a ,CB2 ,Cell biology ,Gastrointestinal Tract ,Medical Laboratory Technology ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,GPR55 ,Cats ,Cannabinoid - Abstract
A growing body of literature indicates that activation of cannabinoid receptors may exert beneficial effects on gastrointestinal inflammation and visceral hypersensitivity. The present study aimed to immunohistochemically investigate the distribution of the canonical cannabinoid receptors CB1 (CB1R) and CB2 (CB2R) and the putative cannabinoid receptors G protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55), nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1), and serotonin receptor 5-HT1a 5-HT1aR) in tissue samples of the gastrointestinal tract of the cat. CB1R-immunoreactivity (CB1R-IR) was observed in gastric epithelial cells, intestinal enteroendocrine cells (EECs) and goblet cells, lamina propria mast cells (MCs), and enteric neurons. CB2R-IR was expressed by EECs, enterocytes, and macrophages. GPR55-IR was expressed by EECs, macrophages, immunocytes, and MP neurons. PPARα-IR was expressed by immunocytes, smooth muscle cells, and enteroglial cells. TRPA1-IR was expressed by enteric neurons and intestinal goblet cells. 5-HT1a receptor-IR was expressed by gastrointestinal epithelial cells and gastric smooth muscle cells. Cannabinoid receptors showed a wide distribution in the feline gastrointestinal tract layers. Although not yet confirmed/supported by functional evidences, the present research might represent an anatomical substrate potentially useful to support, in feline species, the therapeutic use of cannabinoids during gastrointestinal inflammatory diseases.
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- 2020
46. Cerebral Mitochondrial Microangiopathy Leads to Leukoencephalopathy in Mitochondrial Neurogastrointestinal Encephalopathy
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Elisa Boschetti, R. De Giorgio, Giovanna Cenacchi, Carla Giordano, Giuseppe Plazzi, Michio Hirano, Piero Parchi, Caterina Tonon, David Neil Manners, Fiorella Giancola, Roberto D'Angelo, Maria Lucia Valentino, Loris Pironi, Laura Ludovica Gramegna, Carlo Casali, Raffaele Lodi, Rita Rinaldi, Valerio Carelli, Leonardo Caporali, M. T. Dotti, Mariantonietta Capristo, Annalinda Pisano, Claudia Testa, Gramegna, L L, Pisano, A, Testa, C, Manners, David N, D'Angelo, R, Boschetti, E, Giancola, F, Pironi, L, Caporali, L, Capristo, M, Valentino, Maria Lucia, Plazzi, G, Casali, C, Dotti, M T, Cenacchi, G, Hirano, M, Giordano, C, Parchi, P, Rinaldi, R, De Giorgio, R, Lodi, R, Carelli, V, and Tonon, C
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Adult ,Male ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Encephalopathy ,MNGIE ,mitochondrial ,Article ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,White matter ,Leukoencephalopathy ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Leukoencephalopathies ,Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathies ,Nuclear Medicine and Imaging ,medicine ,Humans ,Cytochrome c oxidase ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Thymidine phosphorylase ,biology ,business.industry ,Brain ,medicine.disease ,Hyperintensity ,Mitochondria ,Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Gliosis ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging ,Neurology (clinical) ,Cerebral Small Vessel Diseases ,biology.protein ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Radiology ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Mitochondrial DNA replication - Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalopathy is a rare disorder due to recessive mutations in the thymidine phosphorylase gene, encoding thymidine phosphorylase protein required for mitochondrial DNA replication. Clinical manifestations include gastrointestinal dysmotility and diffuse asymptomatic leukoencephalopathy. This study aimed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying brain leukoencephalopathy in patients with mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalopathy by correlating multimodal neuroradiologic features to postmortem pathology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seven patients underwent brain MR imaging, including single-voxel proton MR spectroscopy and diffusion imaging. Absolute concentrations of metabolites calculated by acquiring unsuppressed water spectra at multiple TEs, along with diffusion metrics based on the tensor model, were compared with those of healthy controls using unpaired t tests in multiple white matters regions. Brain postmortem histologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular analyses were performed in 1 patient. RESULTS: All patients showed bilateral and nearly symmetric cerebral white matter hyperintensities on T2-weighted images, extending to the cerebellar white matter and brain stem in 4. White matter, N -acetylaspartate, creatine, and choline concentrations were significantly reduced compared with those in controls, with a prominent increase in the radial water diffusivity component. At postmortem examination, severe fibrosis of brain vessel smooth muscle was evident, along with mitochondrial DNA replication depletion in brain and vascular smooth-muscle and endothelial cells, without neuronal loss, myelin damage, or gliosis. Prominent periependymal cytochrome C oxidase deficiency was also observed. CONCLUSIONS: Vascular functional and histologic alterations account for leukoencephalopathy in mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalopathy. Thymidine toxicity and mitochondrial DNA replication depletion may induce microangiopathy and blood-brain-barrier dysfunction, leading to increased water content in the white matter. Periependymal cytochrome C oxidase deficiency could explain prominent periventricular impairment.
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- 2018
47. Mast cell-nerve interactions correlate with bloating and abdominal pain severity in patients with non-celiac gluten / wheat sensitivity
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Giacomo Caio, Elena Bonora, Dorien Beeckmans, Umberto Volta, Anna Costanzini, Tim Vanuytsel, Francesca Bianco, Rocco Latorre, Fiorella Giancola, Roberta Repossi, Florencia Carbone, Alessandra Gori, Roberto De Giorgio, Vincenzo Stanghellini, Karen Van den Houte, Elisa Boschetti, Jan Tack, Giancola F., Volta U., Repossi R., Latorre R., Beeckmans D., Carbone F., Van den Houte K., Bianco F., Bonora E., Gori A., Costanzini A., Boschetti E., Caio G., Vanuytsel T., Stanghellini V., Tack J., and De Giorgio R.
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Adult ,Male ,Abdominal pain ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Glutens ,functional bloating ,Physiology ,Duodenum ,Wheat Hypersensitivity ,Gastroenterology ,Severity of Illness Index ,NO ,Young Adult ,Bloating ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,In patient ,Mast Cells ,Pathological ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Neurons ,gluten-sensitive enteropathy ,Endocrine and Autonomic Systems ,business.industry ,glutensensitive enteropathy ,food sensitivity, functional abdominal pain, functional bloating, functional dyspepsia, glutensensitive enteropathy ,Middle Aged ,functional dyspepsia ,Mast cell ,Gluten ,food sensitivity ,Abdominal Pain ,functional abdominal pain ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,chemistry ,Immunohistochemistry ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,business - Abstract
Background: Gastrointestinal (GI) and extra-GI symptoms/manifestations represent key clinical features of patients with non-celiac gluten/wheat sensitivity (NCG/WS). This study aimed to investigate neuro-immune (focusing on mast cells, MCs) interactions in the duodenal submucosa of patients with NCG/WS. Methods: Submucosal whole mounts from duodenal biopsies of 34 patients with self-reported NCG/WS, 28 with celiac disease (CD), 13 with functional dyspepsia (FD), and 24 healthy controls (HC) were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Quantitative data on neuronal and MCs density and the percentage of MCs in close vicinity to nerves were obtained, and correlations among neurons, MC density and MC-nerve distance (D), and symptoms were assessed in the three groups. Key Results: The number of submucosal neurons was not different among groups. In NCG/WS, MC density was not different from HC, while it was slightly increased vs. CD (P=.07) and significantly decreased vs. FD (P 
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- 2019
48. Cellular Distribution of Canonical and Putative Cannabinoid Receptors in Canine Cervical Dorsal Root Ganglia
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Agnese Stanzani, Luciana Mandrioli, Roberto Chiocchetti, Gianfranco Militerno, Monica Forni, Fiorella Giancola, Claudio Tagliavia, Chiara Bernardini, Marika Menchetti, Giorgia Galiazzo, and Chiocchetti R, Galiazzo G, Tagliavia C, Stanzani A, Giancola F, Menchetti M, Militerno G, Bernardini C, Forni M, Mandrioli L
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Cannabinoid receptor ,medicine.medical_treatment ,TRPV1 ,transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 ,Biology ,Cannabinoid receptor 1, cannabinoid receptor 2, G protein-coupled receptor 55, nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha, transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1, endocannabinoids, satellite glial cells ,medicine ,Cannabinoid receptor type 2 ,endocannabinoids ,Receptor ,Original Research ,lcsh:Veterinary medicine ,General Veterinary ,Correction ,Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists ,Endocannabinoid system ,G protein-coupled receptor 55 ,Cell biology ,cannabinoid receptor 2 ,cannabinoid receptor 1 ,nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha ,GPR55 ,lcsh:SF600-1100 ,satellite glial cells ,lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins) ,Veterinary Science ,Cannabinoid - Abstract
Growing evidence indicates cannabinoid receptors as potential therapeutic targets for chronic pain. Consequently, there is an increasing interest in developing cannabinoid receptor agonists for treating human and veterinary pain. To better understand the actions of a drug, it is of paramount importance to know the cellular distribution of its specific receptor(s). The distribution of canonical and putative cannabinoid receptors in the peripheral and central nervous system of dogs is still in its infancy. In order to help fill this anatomical gap, the present ex vivo study has been designed to identify the cellular sites of cannabinoid and cannabinoid-related receptors in canine spinal ganglia. In particular, the cellular distribution of the cannabinoid receptors type 1 and 2 (CB1 and CB2) and putative cannabinoid receptors G protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55), nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), and transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) have been immunohistochemically investigated in the C6-C8 cervical ganglia of dogs. About 50% of the neuronal population displayed weak to moderate CB1 receptor and TRPV1 immunoreactivity, while all of them were CB2-positive and nearly 40% also expressed GPR55 immunolabeling. Schwann cells, blood vessel smooth muscle cells, and pericyte-like cells all expressed CB2 receptor immunoreactivity, endothelial cell being also PPARα-positive. All the satellite glial cells (SGCs) displayed bright GPR55 receptor immunoreactivity. In half of the study dogs, SGCs were also PPARα-positive, and limited to older dogs displayed TRPV1 immunoreactivity. The present study may represent a morphological substrate to consider in order to develop therapeutic strategies against chronic pain.
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- 2019
49. Enteric neuron density correlates with clinical features of severe gut dysmotility
- Author
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Francesca Bianco, Carolina Malagelada, Catia Sternini, Fernando Azpiroz, Fiorella Giancola, Roberto De Giorgio, Paolo Clavenzani, Alessandra Gori, Anna Accarino, Elena Bonora, Juan R. Malagelada, Vitaliano Tugnoli, Rosanna Cogliandro, Elisa Boschetti, Vincenzo Stanghellini, Boschetti E., Malagelada C., Accarino A., Malagelada J.R., Cogliandro R.F., Gori A., Bonora E., Giancola F., Bianco F., Tugnoli V., Clavenzani P., Azpiroz F., Stanghellini V., Sternini C., and de Giorgio R.
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Male ,Physiology ,interganglionic distance ,Myenteric Plexus ,Motility ,Nerve Tissue Proteins ,Specimen Handling ,NO ,Enteric neuron ,Physiology (medical) ,Humans ,Medicine ,Correlation of Data ,chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction, enteric neuron cell count, interganglionic distance, severe gut dysmotility ,chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction ,Hepatology ,business.industry ,Gut dysmotility ,Gastroenterology ,enteric neuron cell count ,Submucous Plexus ,Middle Aged ,Immunohistochemistry ,Intestines ,Intestinal Diseases ,severe gut dysmotility ,Female ,Gastrointestinal Motility ,business ,Neuroscience ,Research Article - Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms can originate from severe dysmotility due to enteric neuropathies. Current methods used to demonstrate enteric neuropathies are based mainly on classic qualitative histopathological/immunohistochemical evaluation. This study was designed to identify an objective morphometric method for paraffin-embedded tissue samples to quantify the interganglionic distance between neighboring myenteric ganglia immunoreactive for neuron-specific enolase, as well as the number of myenteric and submucosal neuronal cell bodies/ganglion in jejunal specimens of patients with severe GI dysmotility. Jejunal full-thickness biopsies were collected from 32 patients (22 females; 16–77 yr) with well-characterized severe dysmotility and 8 controls (4 females; 47–73 yr). A symptom questionnaire was filled before surgery. Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis coupled with Dunn’s posttest and nonparametric linear regression tests were used for analyzing morphometric data and clinical correlations, respectively. Compared with controls, patients with severe dysmotility exhibited a significant increase in myenteric interganglionic distance ( P = 0.0005) along with a decrease in the number of myenteric ( P < 0.00001) and submucosal ( P < 0.0004) neurons. A 50% reduction in the number of submucosal and myenteric neurons correlated with an increased interganglionic distance and severity of dysmotility. Our study proposes a relatively simple tool that can be applied for quantitative evaluation of paraffin sections from patients with severe dysmotility. The finding of an increased interganglionic distance may aid diagnosis and limit the direct quantitative analysis of neurons per ganglion in patients with an interganglionic distance within the control range. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Enteric neuropathies are challenging conditions characterized by a severe impairment of gut physiology, including motility. An accurate, unambiguous assessment of enteric neurons provided by quantitative analysis of routine paraffin sections may help to define neuropathy-related gut dysmotility. We showed that patients with severe gut dysmotility exhibited an increased interganglionic distance associated with a decreased number of myenteric and submucosal neurons, which correlated with symptoms and clinical manifestations of deranged intestinal motility.
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- 2019
50. Gut epithelial and vascular barrier abnormalities in patients with chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction
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Elena Bonora, Rosanna Cogliandro, Elisa Boschetti, Vincenzo Stanghellini, Fernando Azpiroz, Giacomo Caio, Juan R. Malagelada, Carolina Malagelada, Francesca Bianco, Paolo Clavenzani, Anna Accarino, Roberto De Giorgio, Alessandra Gori, Catia Sternini, Umberto Volta, Fiorella Giancola, Vitaliano Tugnoli, Boschetti E., Accarino A., Malagelada C., Malagelada J.R., Cogliandro R.F., Gori A., Tugnoli V., Giancola F., Bianco F., Bonora E., Clavenzani P., Volta U., Caio G., Sternini C., Stanghellini V., Azpiroz F., and De Giorgio R.
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Adult ,Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Intestinal pseudo-obstruction ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Physiology ,intestinal vascular barrier ,tight junction ,Vasoactive intestinal peptide ,Inflammation ,Occludin ,Article ,NO ,Tight Junctions ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,chronic intestinal pseudo‐obstruction, intestinal epithelial barrier, intestinal vascular barrier, severe dysmotility, tight junction ,medicine ,Humans ,Intestinal Mucosa ,Claudin ,severe dysmotility ,Aged ,Retrospective Studies ,Tight Junction Proteins ,chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction ,Glial fibrillary acidic protein ,biology ,Tight junction ,Endocrine and Autonomic Systems ,business.industry ,Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction ,Gastroenterology ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Pathophysiology ,030104 developmental biology ,chronic intestinal pseudo‐obstruction ,intestinal epithelial barrier ,Chronic Disease ,biology.protein ,Female ,030211 gastroenterology & hepatology ,medicine.symptom ,business - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Chronic-intestinal-pseudo-obstruction (CIPO) is a rare condition due to severe impairment of gut motility responsible for recurrent sub-occlusive episodes. Although neuro-muscular-glial-ICC abnormalities represent the main pathogenetic mechanism, the pathophysiology of CIPO remains poorly understood. Intestinal epithelial and vascular-endothelial barrier (IEVB) abnormalities can contribute to neuro-epithelial changes by allowing passage of harmful substances. METHODS: To test retrospectively whether IEVB defects occur in patients with CIPO we measured the jejunal protein expression of the major tight junction (TJ) components. CIPO patients were subdivided according to gut neuromuscular histopathology: apparently normal (AN); with inflammation (INF); or with degenerative alterations (DEG). The presence of occludin/claudin oligomers (index of TJ assembly), the amount of occludin, claudin-4 and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), as well as the expression of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunoreactivities were evaluated on jejunal full thickness biopsies using Western Blot. KEY RESULTS: Oligomers were absent in the 73% of CIPO. Total occludin decreased in CIPO with AN and INF changes. Claudin-4 was upregulated in CIPO with INF and DEG features. ZO-1 and VIP expression decreased selectively in DEG group. GFAP increased in CIPO regardless the histopathological phenotype. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES: The absence of oligomers demonstrated in our study suggests that IEBV is altered in CIPO. The mechanism leading to oligomerization is occludin-dependent in AN and INF, whereas is ZO-1-dependent in DEG. Our study provides support to IEVB abnormalities contributing to CIPO clinical and histopathological features.
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- 2019
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