875 results on '"Gibson, David P."'
Search Results
2. A systematic review of high impact CpG sites and regions for MGMT methylation in glioblastoma [A systematic review of MGMT methylation in GBM].
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Gibson, David, Vo, Anh, Lambing, Hannah, Bhattacharya, Prithanjan, Tahir, Peggy, Butowski, Nicholas, and Chehab, Farid
- Subjects
CpG ,Epigenetics ,Glioblastoma ,MGMT ,Methylation ,Adult ,Humans ,Glioblastoma ,DNA Methylation ,Brain Neoplasms ,Prognosis ,Glioma ,Antineoplastic Agents ,Alkylating ,DNA Modification Methylases ,Tumor Suppressor Proteins ,DNA Repair Enzymes - Abstract
BACKGROUND: MGMT (O 6 -methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase) promoter methylation is a commonly assessed prognostic marker in glioblastoma (GBM). Epigenetic silencing of the MGMT gene by promoter methylation is associated with greater overall and progression free survival with alkylating agent regimens. To date, there is marked heterogeneity in how MGMT promoter methylation is tested and which CpG sites are interrogated. METHODS: To further elucidate which MGMT promoter CpG sites are of greatest interest, we performed comprehensive searches in PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase and reviewed 2,925 article abstracts. We followed the GRADE scoring system to assess risk of bias and the quality of the studies we included. RESULTS: We included articles on adult glioblastoma that examined significant sites or regions within MGMT promoter for the outcomes: overall survival, progression free survival, and/or MGMT expression. We excluded systemic reviews and articles on lower grade glioma. fifteen articles met inclusion criteria with variable overlap in laboratory and statistical methods employed, as well as CpG sites interrogated. Pyrosequencing or BeadChip arrays were the most popular methods utilized, and CpG sites between CpGs 70-90 were most frequently investigated. Overall, there was moderate concordance between the CpG sites that the studies reported to be highly predictive of prognosis. Combinations or means of sites between CpGs 73-89 were associated with improved OS and PFS. Six studies identified CpG sites associated with prognosis that were closer to the transcription start site: CpGs 8, 19, 22, 25, 27, 32,38, and CpG sites 21-37, as well as low methylation level of the enhancer regions. CONCLUSION: The following systematic review details a comprehensive investigation of the current literature and highlights several potential key CpG sites that demonstrate significant association with OS, PFS, and MGMT expression. However, the relationship between extent of MGMT promoter methylation and survival may be non-linear and could be influenced by potential CpG hotspots, the extent of methylation at each CpG site, and MGMT enhancer methylation status. There were several limitations within the studies such as smaller sample sizes, variance between methylation testing methods, and differences in the various statistical methods to test for association to outcome. Further studies of high impact CpG sites in MGMT methylation is warranted.
- Published
- 2024
3. Hyping the Hypothetical: Talk and Temporality in US Supreme Court Oral Arguments
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Gibson, David R.
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- 2024
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4. Learning to teach with simulation: historical insights
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Ledger, Susan, Mailizar, Mailizar, Gregory, Sue, Tanti, Miriam, Gibson, David, and Kruse, Stacy
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- 2024
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5. Learning Theories for Artificial Intelligence Promoting Learning Processes
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Gibson, David, Kovanovic, Vitomir, Ifenthaler, Dirk, Dexter, Sara, and Feng, Shihui
- Abstract
This paper discusses a three-level model that synthesizes and unifies existing learning theories to model the roles of artificial intelligence (AI) in promoting learning processes. The model, drawn from developmental psychology, computational biology, instructional design, cognitive science, complexity and sociocultural theory, includes a causal learning mechanism that explains how learning occurs and works across micro, meso and macro levels. The model also explains how information gained through learning is aggregated, or brought together, as well as dissipated, or released and used within and across the levels. Fourteen roles for AI in education are proposed, aligned with the model's features: four roles at the individual or micro level, four roles at the meso level of teams and knowledge communities and six roles at the macro level of cultural historical activity. Implications for research and practice, evaluation criteria and a discussion of limitations are included. Armed with the proposed model, AI developers can focus their work with learning designers, researchers and practitioners to leverage the proposed roles to improve individual learning, team performance and building knowledge communities.
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- 2023
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6. Quantitative analysis of MGMT promoter methylation in glioblastoma suggests nonlinear prognostic effect.
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Gibson, David, Ravi, Akshay, Rodriguez, Eduardo, Chang, Susan, Oberheim Bush, Nancy, Taylor, Jennie, Butowski, Nicholas, Solomon, David, Scheffler, Aaron, Witte, John, Lambing, Hannah, Berger, Mitchel, Clarke, Jennifer, Chehab, Farid, and Okada, Hideho
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CpG ,MGMT ,bisulfite sequencing ,glioblastoma ,methylation - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Epigenetic inhibition of the O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT) gene has emerged as a clinically relevant prognostic marker in glioblastoma (GBM). Methylation of the MGMT promoter has been shown to increase chemotherapy efficacy. While traditionally reported as a binary marker, recent methodological advancements have led to quantitative methods of measuring promoter methylation, providing clearer insight into its functional relationship with survival. METHODS: A CLIA assay and bisulfite sequencing was utilized to develop a quantitative, 17-point, MGMT promoter methylation index. GBMs of 240 newly diagnosed patients were sequenced and risk for mortality was assessed. Nonlinearities were captured by fitting splines to Cox proportional hazard models and plotting smoothed residuals. Covariates included age, Karnofsky performance status, IDH1 mutation, and extent of resection. RESULTS: Median follow-up time and progression-free survival were 16 and 9 months, respectively. A total of 176 subjects experienced death. A one-unit increase in promoter CpG methylation resulted in a 4% reduction in hazard (95% CI 0.93-0.99, P
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- 2023
7. The Effect of Social Closeness on Perceived Satisfaction of Collaborative Learning
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Feng, Shihui, Qiu, Shuming, Gibson, David, and Ifenthaler, Dirk
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Effective communication and coordination supported by well-established patterns of interactions are vital to collaborative learning. The quality of social relationships among group members can affect group dynamics and communication, as well as further influence students' learning experiences and perceived learning outcomes. In this study, we employ an ego network approach to measure an individual's social closeness with group members and examine effects on the individual's collaborative learning experience. The data was collected through a survey of 120 university students. Our findings indicate that social closeness among group members has a positive effect on the perceived satisfaction of collaborative learning, as students with stronger social closeness with group members tend to be more satisfied with their collaborative learning experience. These results provide advanced theoretical insights for understanding the factors associated with the success of collaborative learning. Based on our findings, appropriate activities for strengthening social closeness among group members are suggested. Implications include pedagogical approaches for facilitating students' collaborative learning experience and outcomes. [For the full proceedings, see ED621108.]
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- 2021
8. Assessing Approaches to Learning with Nonparametric Multidimensional Scaling
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Knezek, Gerald, Gibson, David, Christensen, Rhonda, Trevisan, Ottavia, and Carter, Morgan
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This article reports on a trace-based assessment of approaches to learning used by middle school aged children who interacted with NASA Mars Mission science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) games in "Whyville," an online game environment with 8 million registered young learners. The learning objectives of two games included awareness and knowledge of NASA missions, developing knowledge and skills of measurement and scaling, applying measurement for planetary comparisons in the solar system. Trace data from 1361 interactions were analysed with nonparametric multidimensional scaling methods, which permitted visual examination and statistical validation, and provided an example and proof of concept for the multidimensional scaling approach to analysis of time-based behavioural data from a game or simulation. Differences in approach to learning were found illustrating the potential value of the methodology to curriculum and game-based learning designers as well as other creators of online STEM content for pre-college youth. The theoretical framework of the method and analysis makes use of the Epistemic Network Analysis toolkit as a post hoc data exploration platform, and the discussion centres on issues of semantic interpretation of interaction end-states and the application of evidence centred design in post hoc analysis.
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- 2023
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9. Analysing University Student Academic Performance at the Unit Level
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Parkin, Eric, Huband, Simon, Gibson, David, and Ifenthaler, Dirk
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This paper describes the creation of a dataset to enable the analysis of student academic performance at the unit level at a large Australian University. The dataset was designed to enable academic leaders to explore research questions concerning student performance and pass rates in units. Four example research questions are presented here and explored, to demonstrate the value of the exploratory dataset, along with an overview of the methodology and tools used to synthesise the data. The data handling methodology and reflections on tools and processes may be useful for other analysts. [For the complete proceedings, see ED600498.]
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- 2019
10. Randomized trial of neoadjuvant vaccination with tumor-cell lysate induces T-cell response in low-grade gliomas
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Ogino, Hirokazu, Taylor, Jennie W, Nejo, Takahide, Gibson, David, Watchmaker, Payal B, Okada, Kaori, Saijo, Atsuro, Tedesco, Meghan R, Shai, Anny, Wong, Cynthia M, Rabbitt, Jane E, Olin, Michael R, Moertel, Christopher L, Nishioka, Yasuhiko, Salazar, Andres M, Molinaro, Annette M, Phillips, Joanna J, Butowski, Nicholas A, Clarke, Jennifer L, Bush, Nancy Ann Oberheim, Hervey-Jumper, Shawn L, Theodosopoulos, Philip, Chang, Susan M, Berger, Mitchel S, and Okada, Hideho
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Oncology and Carcinogenesis ,Immunology ,Clinical Research ,Prevention ,Vaccine Related ,Cancer ,Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities ,Orphan Drug ,Brain Cancer ,Neurosciences ,Immunization ,Brain Disorders ,Biotechnology ,Rare Diseases ,Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions ,Prevention of disease and conditions ,and promotion of well-being ,3.4 Vaccines ,6.1 Pharmaceuticals ,Infection ,Good Health and Well Being ,Adult ,Aged ,CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes ,Cancer Vaccines ,Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium ,Female ,Glioma ,Humans ,Male ,Middle Aged ,Neoadjuvant Therapy ,Poly I-C ,Polylysine ,Tumor Microenvironment ,Vaccination ,Brain cancer ,Cancer immunotherapy ,Oncology ,T cells ,Vaccines ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Biological sciences ,Biomedical and clinical sciences ,Health sciences - Abstract
BACKGROUNDLong-term prognosis of WHO grade II low-grade gliomas (LGGs) is poor, with a high risk of recurrence and malignant transformation into high-grade gliomas. Given the relatively intact immune system of patients with LGGs and the slow tumor growth rate, vaccines are an attractive treatment strategy.METHODSWe conducted a pilot study to evaluate the safety and immunological effects of vaccination with GBM6-AD, lysate of an allogeneic glioblastoma stem cell line, with poly-ICLC in patients with LGGs. Patients were randomized to receive the vaccines before surgery (arm 1) or not (arm 2) and all patients received adjuvant vaccines. Coprimary outcomes were to evaluate safety and immune response in the tumor.RESULTSA total of 17 eligible patients were enrolled - 9 in arm 1 and 8 in arm 2. This regimen was well tolerated with no regimen-limiting toxicity. Neoadjuvant vaccination induced upregulation of type-1 cytokines and chemokines and increased activated CD8+ T cells in peripheral blood. Single-cell RNA/T cell receptor sequencing detected CD8+ T cell clones that expanded with effector phenotype and migrated into the tumor microenvironment (TME) in response to neoadjuvant vaccination. Mass cytometric analyses detected increased tissue resident-like CD8+ T cells with effector memory phenotype in the TME after the neoadjuvant vaccination.CONCLUSIONThe regimen induced effector CD8+ T cell response in peripheral blood and enabled vaccine-reactive CD8+ T cells to migrate into the TME. Further refinements of the regimen may have to be integrated into future strategies.TRIAL REGISTRATIONClinicalTrials.gov NCT02549833.FUNDINGNIH (1R35NS105068, 1R21CA233856), Dabbiere Foundation, Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, and Daiichi Sankyo Foundation of Life Science.
- Published
- 2022
11. Taxonomic and phylogenetic shifts following an inland derecho
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Barfknecht, David F., Thapa, Saroj, Gibson, David J., and Holzmueller, Eric J.
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- 2023
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12. BIOM-07. QUANTITATIVE MGMT PROMOTER METHYLATION INDEX INDICATES A NON-LINEAR PROGNOSTIC EFFECT IN GLIOBLASTOMA, SUGGESTING THAT USE OF OPTIMAL CUTOFF POINTS MAY BE CLINICALLY DISADVANTAGEOUS
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Gibson, David, Ravi, Akshay, Almaraz, Eduardo Rodriguez, Chang, Susan, Oberheim-Bush, Nancy Ann, Taylor, Jennie, Clarke, Jennifer, Solomon, David, Scheffler, Aaron, Witte, John, Lambing, Hannah, Berger, Mitchel, Okada, Hideho, Chehab, Farid, and Butowski, Nicholas
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Neurosciences ,Oncology and Carcinogenesis ,Oncology & Carcinogenesis - Abstract
Abstract BACKGROUND Epigenetic inhibition of the O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT) gene has emerged as a clinically relevant prognostic marker in glioblastoma (GBM). Methylation of the MGMT promoter has been shown to increase chemotherapy efficacy. While traditionally reported as a binary marker, recent methodological advancements have led to quantitative approaches that measure methylation, providing clearer insights into methylation’s functional relationship with survival. METHODS A CLIA assay and bisulfite sequencing was utilized to develop a quantitative, 17-point MGMT promoter methylation index derived from the number of methylated CpG sites. Retrospective review of 240 newly diagnosed GBM patients was performed in order to discern how risk for mortality transforms as promoter methylation increases. Non-linearities were captured by fitting splines to Cox proportional hazard models, plotting smoothed residuals, and creating survival plots. Covariates included age, KPS, IDH1 mutation, and extent of resection. RESULTS Median follow-up time and progression free survival were 16 and 9 months, respectively. 176 subjects experienced death. A one-unit increase in CpG methylation on a scale of 1-17 resulted in a 4% reduction in hazard (95% CI 0.93–0.99, P< 0.005). Moreover, GBM patients with low-levels of methylation (1-6 CpG sites) fared markedly worse (HR=1.62, 95% CI 1.03-2.54, P< 0.036) than individuals who were unmethylated (reference group). Subjects with medium-levels of methylation (7-12 CpG sites) had the greatest reduction in hazard (HR=0.48, 95% CI 0.29-0.80, P< 0.004), followed by individuals in the highest methylation tertile (HR=0.62, 95% CI 0.40-0.97, P< 0.035). CONCLUSION This novel approach offers greater bisulfite conversion efficiency when compared to alternative methods, reducing the likelihood of false positives. Analysis of the resulting methylation index scores demonstrates a non-linear relationship between MGMT methylation and survival, suggesting conformation of the marker’s protective effect. These findings challenge the current understanding of MGMT’s functional form and underline why implementing an “optimal cutoff point” may be disadvantageous.
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- 2021
13. CTIM-24. RANDOMIZED TRIAL OF NEOADJUVANT VACCINATION WITH TUMOR-CELL LYSATE INDUCES T CELL RESPONSE IN LOW-GRADE GLIOMAS
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Taylor, Jennie, Ogino, Hirokazu, Nejo, Takahide, Gibson, David, Watchmaker, Payal, Okada, Kaori, Saijo, Atsuro, Tedesco, Meghan, Shai, Anny, Wong, Cynthia, Rabbitt, Jane, Olin, Michael, Moertel, Christopher, Nishioka, Yasuhiko, Salazar, Andres, Molinaro, Annette, Phillips, Joanna, Butowski, Nicholas, Clarke, Jennifer, Oberheim-Bush, Nancy Ann, Hervey-Jumper, Shawn, Theodosopoulos, Philip, Chang, Susan, Berger, Mitchel, and Okada, Hideho
- Subjects
Neurosciences ,Oncology and Carcinogenesis ,Oncology & Carcinogenesis - Abstract
Abstract BACKGROUND The prognosis of WHO grade II low-grade gliomas (LGG) is varied with potential for long survival.Given their relatively intact immune system and slow growth rate, vaccines are an attractive treatment strategy for LGG in an attempt to defer more toxic treatments. The goals of this pilot study were to evaluate safety and immunological effects of vaccination with GBM6-AD, an allogeneic glioblastoma stem cell line lysate, with poly-ICLC in LGG. METHODS Eligible patients were ≥ 18 years old, ≥ 70 KPS, with recurrent LGG or imaging consistent with LGG, and amenable to resection. Patients were randomized to vaccine prior to surgery (Arm 1) or not (Arm 2) and all received adjuvant vaccine. Co-primary outcomes were safety and immune response in the tumor, with exploratory outcomes of survival and immunologic effects in peripheral blood. RESULTS A total of 17 eligible patients were evaluable – nine into Arm 1 and eight into Arm 2. Median age was 33 years, with median time from initial diagnosis of 4.7 years (0 – 20). Two patients (11.8%) previously received radiotherapy and seven (41.2%) prior systemic therapy. No dose limiting toxicities or grade 3 AEs were observed. Neoadjuvant vaccination induced up regulation of type-1 cytokines and chemokines in peripheral blood, and CD8+ T cell clones that reacted to the vaccine were also detected in the tumor. Median follow-up time from first post-operative vaccine was 20.8 months with median PFS of 11.0 months and time to change in therapy of 23.7 months. Of the six patients to receive additional treatment, three had second surgery only one confirming malignant progression to anaplastic oligodendroglioma. CONCLUSION Treatment was well-tolerated with no regimen-limiting toxicity. GBM6-AD plus poly-ICLC induced effector CD8+ T cell response in peripheral blood and enables some vaccine-reactive CD8+ T cells to migrate into the TME. Further investigation is warranted.
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- 2021
14. QOLP-32. EFFECT OF CANNABIS USE ON QUALITY OF LIFE AMONG GLIOMA PATIENTS: A LONGITUDINAL PERSPECTIVE
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Almaraz, Eduardo Rodriguez, Chang, Susan, Oberheim-Bush, Nancy Ann, Clarke, Jennifer, Taylor, Jennie, Schulte, Jessica, Daras, Mariza, Busby, Laura, Gibson, David, and Butowski, Nicholas
- Subjects
Neurosciences ,Oncology and Carcinogenesis ,Oncology & Carcinogenesis - Abstract
Abstract BACKGROUND Gliomas are devastating primary tumors of the central nervous system that often present with difficult to manage symptoms in addition to the antineoplastic tumor itself. Due to recent increase in popularity and societal acceptance of cannabis products, their use by glioma patients has increased. METHODS We conducted a single center, prospective study: patients with glioma answered a locally validated survey to inquire about their cannabis use at baseline and every three months. Quality of Life was measured using the EORTC QLQ-C30, its complementary module BN-20 and the EQ-5D-5L instrument. Eligible participants were classified as cannabis users or non-users. We performed linear regression clustered by subjects to see differences by user group and trends overtime. RESULTS To date, 89 patients agreed to participate, enrolled, and answered the baseline questionnaires, and 64 have answered the 3 month follow up survey. The mean age was 49.7(SD 13.74), 55 were male, 55 were cannabis users at baseline (61.8%) and 34 at 3 months (53.13%). Patients who were cannabis users scored 11.73 lower points at baseline when compared to non-users (79.65 [SD 18.93] vs 67.92 [SD 19.22]) in the QLQ-C30 instrument. Similarly, cannabis users recorded 9.624 lower points at 3 months compared to non-users (70.1 [SD 21.33] vs 79.72 [SD13.95]). The difference-in-difference estimator was 2.108 (p< 0.7). CONCLUSION Although we observed cannabis users scoring lower QoL measurements (p< 0.05) at baseline and 3 months, we observed a slight improvement in QoL of cannabis users while observing no change or decline (in some measures) among non-users. Our findings provide insight to the impact that cannabis has in QoL over time. While not conclusive, these preliminary results need to be studied on a longer-term basis with a larger sample size in order to detect trends on quality of life among patients with different tumor types.
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- 2021
15. NGMA-6. Quantitative MGMT Promoter Methylation Index Indicates Non-Linear, Prognostic Effect in Glioblastoma
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Gibson, David, Ravi, Akshay, Rodriguez, Eduardo, Chang, Susan, Bush, Nancy, Taylor, Jennie, Clarke, Jennifer, Solomon, David, Scheffler, Aaron, Witte, John, Okada, Hideho, Berger, Mitchel, Chehab, Farid, and Butowski, Nicholas
- Abstract
Abstract Background Epigenetic inhibition of the O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT) gene has emerged as a clinically relevant prognostic marker in glioblastoma (GBM). Methylation of the MGMT promoter has been shown to increase chemotherapy efficacy. While traditionally reported as a binary marker, recent methodological advancements have led to quantitative methods of measuring methylation, allowing for clearer insights into methylation’s functional relationship with survival. Methods A CLIA assay and bisulfite sequencing was utilized to develop a quantitative, 17-point MGMT promoter methylation index derived from the number of methylated CpG sites. Retrospective review of 242 newly diagnosed GBM patients was performed in order to discern how risk for mortality transforms as promoter methylation increases. Non-linearities were captured by fitting splines to Cox proportional hazard models, plotting smoothed residuals, and creating survival plots. Covariates included age, KPS, IDH1 mutation, and extent of resection. Results Median follow-up time and progression free survival were 15.9 and 9 months, respectively. 176 subjects experienced death. A one-unit increase in CpG methylation resulted in a 4% reduction in hazard (95% CI 0.93–0.99, P
- Published
- 2021
16. Network Analytics of Collaborative Problem-Solving
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Kerrigan, Simon, Feng, Shihui, Vuthaluru, Rupa, Ifenthaler, Dirk, and Gibson, David
- Abstract
Problem-solving and collaboration are regarded as an essential part of 21st Century Skills. This study describes a task-focused approach to network analysis of trace data from collaborative problem-solving in a digital learning environment. The analysis framework builds and expands upon previous analyses of social ties as well as discourse analysis and adds new metrics of collaborative learning, problem-solving and personal learning. Using three forms of evidence - actions and use of resources, communications and constructed products - the article outlines and illustrates a framework for characterising individual and team performance on a team project as a basis for documenting individual and team behaviours linked to personal learning, collaboration and team problem solving. This study provides a preliminary demonstration of the effectiveness of network analysis on quantifying and visualizing individual-level and group-level performance in computer-mediated collaborative learning. [For the complete proceedings, see ED608557.]
- Published
- 2019
17. Link to the Library of Congress: Updates and Enhancements to the Library of Congress's National Jukebox
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Gibson, David
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the National Jukebox at the Library of Congress represents one of the largest online collections of early-twentieth-century acoustical sound recordings. Since its initial launch in 2011, the National Jukebox has grown to include more than 16,000 recordings from the Victor, Columbia, and Harmony labels, made up of contributions from organizations such as Sony Music Entertainment, the University of California, Santa Barbara and EMI Music, Inc. as well as recordings donated by individual collectors. In addition to providing access to the recordings themselves, the National Jukebox site includes several resources that allow for further context and interactivity with the content. As the National Jukebox continues to develop, the addition of more features provides teachers, students, and other researchers the opportunity to engage with the recordings in new and exciting ways.
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- 2023
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18. Attributes of Engagement in Challenge-Based Digital Learning Environments
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Ifenthaler, Dirk, Gibson, David, and Zheng, Longwei
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This study is part of a research programme investigating the dynamics and impacts of learning engagement in a challenge-based digital learning environment. Learning engagement is a multidimensional concept which includes an individual's ability to behaviourally, cognitively, emotionally, and motivationally engage in an on-going learning process. Challenge-based learning gives significant freedom to the learner to decide what and when to engage and interact with digital learning materials. In light of previous empirical findings, we expect that learning engagement is positively related to learning performance in a challenge-based digital learning environment. This study was based on data from the Curtin Challenge platform, including transaction data of 13,655 students. Findings indicate that attributes of learning engagement in challenge-based digital learning environments are, as expected, positively related to learning performance. Implications point toward the need for personalised and adaptive learning environments to be developed in order to cater for the individual needs of learners in challenge-based digital learning environments. [For the complete proceedings, see ED600498.]
- Published
- 2018
19. Putting Learning Back into Learning Analytics: Actions for Policy Makers, Researchers, and Practitioners
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Ifenthaler, Dirk, Gibson, David, Prasse, Doreen, Shimada, Atsushi, and Yamada, Masanori
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This paper is based on: (1) a literature review focussing on the impact of learning analytics on supporting learning and teaching; (2) a Delphi study involving international expert discussion on current opportunities and challenges of learning analytics; as well as (3) outlining a research agenda for closing identified research gaps. Issues and challenges facing educators linked to learning analytics and current research gaps were organised into four themes, the further development of which by the expert panel, led to six strategy and action areas. The four themes are: (1) development of data literacy in all stakeholders; (2) updating of guiding principles and policies of educational data; (3) standards needed for ethical practices with data quality assurance; and (4) flexible user-centred design for a variety of users of analytics, starting with learners and ensuring that learners and learning is not harmed. The strategies and actions are outcomes of the expert panel discussion and are offered as provocations to organise and focus the researcher, policymaker and practitioner dialogs needed to make progress in the field.
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- 2021
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20. The UCSC Genome Browser database: 2019 update
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Haeussler, Maximilian, Zweig, Ann S, Tyner, Cath, Speir, Matthew L, Rosenbloom, Kate R, Raney, Brian J, Lee, Christopher M, Lee, Brian T, Hinrichs, Angie S, Gonzalez, Jairo Navarro, Gibson, David, Diekhans, Mark, Clawson, Hiram, Casper, Jonathan, Barber, Galt P, Haussler, David, Kuhn, Robert M, and Kent, W James
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Biological Sciences ,Bioinformatics and Computational Biology ,Genetics ,Cancer Genomics ,Human Genome ,Biotechnology ,Cancer ,Bioengineering ,Animals ,Chromosome Mapping ,Databases ,Genetic ,Genome ,Genome ,Human ,Genomics ,Humans ,Molecular Sequence Annotation ,Software ,Web Browser ,Environmental Sciences ,Information and Computing Sciences ,Developmental Biology ,Biological sciences ,Chemical sciences ,Environmental sciences - Abstract
The UCSC Genome Browser (https://genome.ucsc.edu) is a graphical viewer for exploring genome annotations. For almost two decades, the Browser has provided visualization tools for genetics and molecular biology and continues to add new data and features. This year, we added a new tool that lets users interactively arrange existing graphing tracks into new groups. Other software additions include new formats for chromosome interactions, a ChIP-Seq peak display for track hubs and improved support for HGVS. On the annotation side, we have added gnomAD, TCGA expression, RefSeq Functional elements, GTEx eQTLs, CRISPR Guides, SNPpedia and created a 30-way primate alignment on the human genome. Nine assemblies now have RefSeq-mapped gene models.
- Published
- 2019
21. Identifying pre-existing conditions and multimorbidity patterns associated with in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19
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Bucholc, Magda, Bradley, Declan, Bennett, Damien, Patterson, Lynsey, Spiers, Rachel, Gibson, David, Van Woerden, Hugo, and Bjourson, Anthony J.
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- 2022
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22. Remote sampling of biomarkers of inflammation with linked patient generated health data in patients with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases: an Ecological Momentary Assessment feasibility study
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Druce, Katie L., Gibson, David S., McEleney, Kevin, Yimer, Belay B., Meleck, Stephanie, James, Ben, Hellman, Bruce, Dixon, William G., and McBeth, John
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- 2022
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23. Predicting the Risk of Attrition for Undergraduate Students with Time Based Modelling
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Chai, Kevin E. K. and Gibson, David
- Abstract
Improving student retention is an important and challenging problem for universities. This paper reports on the development of a student attrition model for predicting which first year students are most at-risk of leaving at various points in time during their first semester of study. The objective of developing such a model is to assist universities by proactively supporting and retaining these students as their situations and risk change over time. The study evaluated different models for predicting student attrition at four different time periods throughout a semester study period: pre-enrolment, enrolment, in-semester and end-of-semester models. A dataset of 23,291 students who enrolled in their first semester between 2011-2013 was extracted from various data sources. Three supervised machine learning techniques were tested to develop the predictive models: logistic regression, decision trees and random forests. The performance of these models were evaluated using the precision and recall metrics. The model achieved the best performance and user utility using logistic regression (67% precision, 29% recall). A web application was developed for users to visualise and interact with the model results to assist in the targeting of student intervention responses and programs. [For the full proceedings, see ED562093.]
- Published
- 2015
24. Challenges of Big Data in Educational Assessment
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Gibson, David C., Webb, Mary, and Ifenthaler, Dirk
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This paper briefly discusses four measurement challenges of data science or "big data" in educational assessments that are enabled by technology: 1. Dealing with change over time via time-based data. 2. How a digital performance space's relationships interact with learner actions, communications and products. 3. How layers of interpretation are formed from translations of atomistic data into meaningful larger units suitable for making inferences about what someone knows and can do. 4. How to represent the dynamics of interactions between and among learners who are being assessed by their interactions with each other as well as with digital resources and agents in digital performance spaces. Because of the movement from paper-based tests to online learning, and in order to make progress on these challenges, the authors advocate the restructuring of training of the next generation of researchers and psychometricians to specialize in data science in technology enabled assessments. This call to action stemmed from discussions at EDUsummIT 2013, which will be published in depth in a special issue of "Education and Information Technologies." [For the full proceedings, see ED562093.]
- Published
- 2015
25. The UCSC Genome Browser database: 2018 update.
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Casper, Jonathan, Zweig, Ann, Villarreal, Chris, Tyner, Cath, Speir, Matthew, Rosenbloom, Kate, Raney, Brian, Lee, Christopher, Lee, Brian, Karolchik, Donna, Hinrichs, Angie, Guruvadoo, Luvina, Navarro Gonzalez, Jairo, Gibson, David, Fiddes, Ian, Eisenhart, Christopher, Diekhans, Mark, Clawson, Hiram, Barber, Galt, Armstrong, Joel, Kuhn, Robert, Kent, W, Haussler, David, and Haeussler, Maximilian
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CRISPR-Cas Systems ,Data Display ,Databases ,Genetic ,Gene Regulatory Networks ,Genome ,Genome ,Human ,Humans ,Molecular Sequence Annotation ,Terminology as Topic ,User-Computer Interface ,Web Browser - Abstract
The UCSC Genome Browser (https://genome.ucsc.edu) provides a web interface for exploring annotated genome assemblies. The assemblies and annotation tracks are updated on an ongoing basis-12 assemblies and more than 28 tracks were added in the past year. Two recent additions are a display of CRISPR/Cas9 guide sequences and an interactive navigator for gene interactions. Other upgrades from the past year include a command-line version of the Variant Annotation Integrator, support for Human Genome Variation Society variant nomenclature input and output, and a revised highlighting tool that now supports multiple simultaneous regions and colors.
- Published
- 2018
26. Putting learning back into learning analytics: actions for policy makers, researchers, and practitioners
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Ifenthaler, Dirk, Gibson, David, Prasse, Doreen, Shimada, Atsushi, and Yamada, Masanori
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- 2021
- Full Text
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27. The UCSC Genome Browser database: 2017 update
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Tyner, Cath, Barber, Galt P, Casper, Jonathan, Clawson, Hiram, Diekhans, Mark, Eisenhart, Christopher, Fischer, Clayton M, Gibson, David, Gonzalez, Jairo Navarro, Guruvadoo, Luvina, Haeussler, Maximilian, Heitner, Steve, Hinrichs, Angie S, Karolchik, Donna, Lee, Brian T, Lee, Christopher M, Nejad, Parisa, Raney, Brian J, Rosenbloom, Kate R, Speir, Matthew L, Villarreal, Chris, Vivian, John, Zweig, Ann S, Haussler, David, Kuhn, Robert M, and Kent, W James
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Biological Sciences ,Bioinformatics and Computational Biology ,Genetics ,Bioengineering ,Biotechnology ,Networking and Information Technology R&D (NITRD) ,Human Genome ,1.5 Resources and infrastructure (underpinning) ,Animals ,Computational Biology ,Databases ,Genetic ,Genome ,Genomics ,Humans ,Molecular Sequence Annotation ,Search Engine ,Software ,Web Browser ,Environmental Sciences ,Information and Computing Sciences ,Developmental Biology ,Biological sciences ,Chemical sciences ,Environmental sciences - Abstract
Since its 2001 debut, the University of California, Santa Cruz (UCSC) Genome Browser (http://genome.ucsc.edu/) team has provided continuous support to the international genomics and biomedical communities through a web-based, open source platform designed for the fast, scalable display of sequence alignments and annotations landscaped against a vast collection of quality reference genome assemblies. The browser's publicly accessible databases are the backbone of a rich, integrated bioinformatics tool suite that includes a graphical interface for data queries and downloads, alignment programs, command-line utilities and more. This year's highlights include newly designed home and gateway pages; a new 'multi-region' track display configuration for exon-only, gene-only and custom regions visualization; new genome browsers for three species (brown kiwi, crab-eating macaque and Malayan flying lemur); eight updated genome assemblies; extended support for new data types such as CRAM, RNA-seq expression data and long-range chromatin interaction pairs; and the unveiling of a new supported mirror site in Japan.
- Published
- 2017
28. Data Challenges of Leveraging a Simulation to Assess Learning
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Gibson, David and Jakl, Peter
- Abstract
Among the unique affordances of digital simulations are changes in the possibilities for targets as well as the methods of assessment, most significantly, toward integration of thinking with action, embedding of tasks-as-performance of knowledge-in-action, and unobtrusive observational methods. This paper raises and briefly defines key data challenges of assessing learning in a complex domain of performance within a digital simulation, which at the atomistic level include time and event segmentation, cyclic dynamics, multicausality, intersectionality, and nonlinearity. At the summary level, the key challenge is model building. An example of a simulation designed to develop teachers--simSchool--is integrated with an adaptive content delivery and analytics database--Leverage--which grounds the discussion. [For the full proceedings, see ED562107.]
- Published
- 2013
29. Some Psychometric and Design Implications of Game-Based Learning Analytics
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Gibson, David and Clarke-Midura, Jody
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The rise of digital game and simulation-based learning applications has led to new approaches in educational measurement that take account of patterns in time, high resolution paths of action, and clusters of virtual performance artifacts. The new approaches, which depart from traditional statistical analyses, include data mining, machine learning, and symbolic regression. This article briefly describes the context, methods and broad findings from two game-based analyses and describes key explanatory constructs use to make claims about the users, as well as the implications for design of digital game-based learning and assessment applications. [For the full proceedings, see ED562107.]
- Published
- 2013
30. Interactive Technologies for Teacher Training: Comparing Performance and Assessment in Second Life and simSchool
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Meritt, Julia, Gibson, David, Christensen, Rhonda, and Knezek, Gerald
- Abstract
Two alternative technologies forming the basis of computer-mediated teacher preparation systems are compared and contrasted regarding implementation, operation, and assessment considerations. The role-playing system in Second Life is shown to have the unique characteristic of developing a co-constructed pedagogical identity, while the flight simulator metaphor of simSchool encourages rapid, stepwise refinement of pedagogical expertise. Each has cost and traveling distance advantages over face-to face traditional meetings, as well as some shortcomings. Ultimately, the largest assessment issue for both is how to measure learning inside a simulator or a social media space. Further research is needed in this area. [For the full proceedings, see ED562107.]
- Published
- 2013
31. Understanding the Process of Teachers' Technology Adoption with a Dynamic Analytical Model
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Zheng, Longwei, Gibson, David, and Gu, Xiaoqing
- Abstract
This study extends the understanding of the process of teachers' technology adoption by investigating the dynamic nature of the adoption process. We propose a nonhomogeneous hidden Markov model that reveals the dynamics of teachers' adoption over time and examines the impact of internal and external factors, including experiences, interventions, and heterogeneity of teachers' intention and usage. The model builds its estimates on longitudinal action data from an e-textbook platform with extracted covariates based on direct observations and in-depth interviews. Three latent states representing the adoption dynamics in the data are identified. Results show that teachers encounter difficulty moving to and continuously staying in an active state of technology adoption without exogenous impacts, such as learning from peers and practice in the classroom. In addition to impacts from one's own experiences, inactive teachers benefit from external interventions, whereas teachers in active states benefit from peer demonstrations and experience sharing. The proposed dynamic model allows researchers to distinguish short- and long-term effects that may improve the assessment of interventions. The new approach and findings have implications in dynamically facilitating and sustaining teachers' technology-adoption processes.
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- 2019
- Full Text
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32. Creating Future Ready Information Technology Policy for National Education Systems
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Zagami, Jason, Bocconi, Stefania, Starkey, Louise, Wilson, John Dewar, Gibson, David, Downie, Jill, Malyn-Smith, Joyce, and Elliott, Sandra
- Abstract
With the increasing relevance of information and communication technologies (ICT) and the global transition towards the knowledge society, school systems and higher education now face increasing challenges involved in preparing students for successful participation in the knowledge society. In many countries, this is leading to manifold efforts and changes in national policies concerning ICT integration into education systems. This paper outlines four challenges concerning the design, implementation, and evaluation of national policy: (1) creating future ready policy, (2) achieving systemic perspectives in stakeholders, (3) promoting commitment to learning from policy, and (4) developing and implementing supportive processes. The paper shares an international perspective on these four major challenges and proposes strategy perspectives and solutions, as well as tactics that could be applied to advance a nation's educational system empowered by technology.
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- 2018
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33. Designing purposeful digital learning
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Gibson, David
- Published
- 2021
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34. Interrelationships of vitelline and muscle cells within the vitelline follicles of the blood fluke Aporocotyle simplex (Digenea, Aporocotylidae) and morphological evidence for the modification of vitelline material for eggshell formation
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Poddubnaya, Larisa G., Hemmingsen, Willy, Bruňanská, Magdalena, and Gibson, David I.
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- 2020
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35. Taxonomic and phylogenetic composition show biotic resistance to exotic invasion in acid seep springs
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Barfknecht, David F. and Gibson, David J.
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- 2021
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36. Plant community and phylogenetic shifts in acid seep springs over 49 years following Microstegium vimineum invasion
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Barfknecht, David F., Gibson, David J., and Neubig, Kurt M.
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- 2020
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37. Unique ultrastructural characteristics of the tegument of the digenean blood fluke Aporocotyle simplex Odhner, 1900 (Digenea: Aporocotylidae), a parasite of flatfishes
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Poddubnaya, Larisa G., Hemmingsen, Willy, Poddubny, Sergey A., and Gibson, David I.
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- 2019
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38. Are We on Our Way to Becoming a 'Helicopter University'? Academics' Views on Learning Analytics
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Howell, Joel A., Roberts, Lynne D., Seaman, Kristen, and Gibson, David C.
- Abstract
Higher education institutions are developing the capacity for learning analytics. However, the technical development of learning analytics has far exceeded the consideration of ethical issues around learning analytics. We examined higher education academics' knowledge, attitudes, and concerns about the use of learning analytics though four focus groups (N = 35). Thematic analysis of the focus group transcripts identified five key themes. The first theme, 'Facilitating learning', represents academics' perceptions that, while currently unrealized, there could be several benefits to learning analytics that would help their students. Three themes; 'Where are the ethics?', 'What about the students!', and 'What about me!' represented academics' perceptions of how learning analytics could pose some considerable difficulties within a higher education context. A final theme 'Let's move forward together' reflected that despite some challenges and concerns about learning analytics, academics perceived scope for learning analytics to be beneficial if there is collaboration between academics, students, and the university. The findings highlight the need to include academics in the development of learning analytics policies and procedures to promote the suitability and widespread adoption of learning analytics in the higher education sector.
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- 2018
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39. Evolving Learning Paradigms: Re-Setting Baselines and Collection Methods of Information and Communication Technology in Education Statistics
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Gibson, David, Broadley, Tania, Downie, Jill, and Wallet, Peter
- Abstract
The UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) has been measuring ICT in education since 2009, but with such rapid change in technology and its use in education, it is important now to revise the collection mechanisms to focus on how technology is being used to enhance learning and teaching. Sustainable development goal (SDG) 4, for example, moves beyond measures of access and increasingly focuses on the sustainability of education including issues of educational quality and student outcomes. A reassessment of how ICT in education is measured to support the attainment of the SDGs by 2030 is thus a timely endeavour. The paper discusses four aspects: (1) evolving mission, methods and core principles of ICT in learning and teaching; (2) nature of ICT in education in accelerating the emergence of new learner-centred pedagogies; (3) types of learning activities associated with the use of ICT including those for leaders, teachers and students; and (4) usage and deployment patterns. This paper proposes extensions and adaptions to the existing UIS data collection instrument to enrich its capacity for understanding how ICT is being used in learning and teaching.
- Published
- 2018
40. Informing Learning Design through Analytics: Applying Network Graph Analysis
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Ifenthaler, Dirk, Gibson, David, and Dobozy, Eva
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Learning design has traditionally been thought of as an activity occurring prior to the presentation of a learning experience or a description of that activity. With the advent of near real-time data and new opportunities of representing the decisions and actions of learners in digital learning environments, learning designers can now apply dynamic learning analytics information on the fly in order to evaluate learner characteristics, examine learning designs, analyse the effectiveness of learning materials and tasks, adjust difficulty levels, and measure the impact of interventions and feedback. In a case study with 3550 users, the navigation sequence and network graph analysis demonstrate a potential application of learning analytics design. Implications based on the case study show that integration of analytics data into the design of learning environments is a promising approach.
- Published
- 2018
41. Global Challenge: Save the World on Your Way to College
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Gibson, David and Grasso, Susan Hull
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This article describes how the Global Challenge allows high school students to do something for the environment while winning an award that will help them financially through college. The Global Challenge is an online competition for high school students across the world. Students from other nations can pair up with students in the U.S. and together they can become an International Team. Through e-mail exchanges and Skype (a free voice and file sharing application for synchronous meetings) conversations, participating students get to work on socially significant issues, such as global warming. The Global Challenge is funded in part by the National Science Foundation ITEST (Information Technology Experiences for Students and Teachers) Program. This article provides several tips on how teachers can utilize the learning opportunities offered by the Global Challenge.
- Published
- 2007
42. Molecular Line Observations of Infrared Dark Clouds II: Physical Conditions
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Gibson, David, Plume, Rene, Bergin, Edwin, Ragan, Sarah, and Evans, Natalie
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Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies - Abstract
Using a source selection biased towards high mass star forming regions, we used a Large Velocity Gradient (LVG) code to calculate the H2 densities and CS column densities for a sample of Midcourse Space Experiment (MSX) 8 micron infrared dark cores. Our average H2 density and CS column density were 1.14 x 10e6 cm-3 and 1.21 x 10e13 cm-2 respectively. In addition, we have calculated the Jeans mass and Virial mass for each core to get a better understanding of their gravitational stability. We found that core masses calculated from observations of N2H+ J = 1-0 and C18O J = 1-0 by Ragan et al. 2006 (Paper 1) were sufficient for collapse, though most regions are likely to form protoclusters. We have explored the star-forming properties of the molecular gas within our sample and find some diversity which extends the range of infrared dark clouds from very the massive clouds that will create large clusters, to clouds that are similar to some of our local counterparts (e.g. Serpens, Ophiuchus)., Comment: 18 pages, 4 figures accepted to the Astrophysical Journal
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- 2009
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43. Keratinocyte Growth Factor Promotes Epithelial Survival and Resolution in a Human Model of Lung Injury
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Shyamsundar, Murali, McAuley, Daniel F, Ingram, Rebecca J, Gibson, David S, O’Kane, Donal, McKeown, Scott T, Edwards, Alex, Taggart, Cliff, Elborn, Joseph S, Calfee, Carolyn S, Matthay, Michael A, and O’Kane, Cecilia M
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Rare Diseases ,Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ,Lung ,Clinical Research ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,Aetiology ,Respiratory ,Acute Lung Injury ,Administration ,Intravenous ,Adolescent ,Adult ,Aged ,Aged ,80 and over ,Biomarkers ,Bronchoalveolar Lavage ,Cell Proliferation ,Cell Survival ,Drug Administration Schedule ,Epithelial Cells ,Female ,Fibroblast Growth Factor 7 ,Fibroblasts ,Humans ,Lipopolysaccharides ,Male ,Middle Aged ,Models ,Biological ,Protective Agents ,Pulmonary Alveoli ,Respiratory Distress Syndrome ,Wound Healing ,Young Adult ,acute respiratory distress syndrome ,acute lung injury ,keratinocyte growth factor ,lipopolysaccharide ,clinical trial ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Respiratory System - Abstract
RationaleIncreasing epithelial repair and regeneration may hasten resolution of lung injury in patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). In animal models of ARDS, keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) reduces injury and increases epithelial proliferation and repair. The effect of KGF in the human alveolus is unknown.ObjectivesTo test whether KGF can attenuate alveolar injury in a human model of ARDS.MethodsVolunteers were randomized to intravenous KGF (60 μg/kg) or placebo for 3 days, before inhaling 50 μg LPS. Six hours later, subjects underwent bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) to quantify markers of alveolar inflammation and cell-specific injury.Measurements and main resultsKGF did not alter leukocyte infiltration or markers of permeability in response to LPS. KGF increased BAL concentrations of surfactant protein D, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, IL-1Ra, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and C-reactive protein. In vitro, BAL fluid from KGF-treated subjects inhibited pulmonary fibroblast proliferation, but increased alveolar epithelial proliferation. Active MMP-9 increased alveolar epithelial wound repair. Finally, BAL from the KGF-pretreated group enhanced macrophage phagocytic uptake of apoptotic epithelial cells and bacteria compared with BAL from the placebo-treated group. This effect was blocked by inhibiting activation of the GM-CSF receptor.ConclusionsKGF treatment increases BAL surfactant protein D, a marker of type II alveolar epithelial cell proliferation in a human model of acute lung injury. Additionally, KGF increases alveolar concentrations of the antiinflammatory cytokine IL-1Ra, and mediators that drive epithelial repair (MMP-9) and enhance macrophage clearance of dead cells and bacteria (GM-CSF). Clinical trial registered with ISRCTN 98813895.
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- 2014
44. Obituary: Eileen Ann Harris (1949–2021)
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Gibson, David I.
- Published
- 2021
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45. Collaboration through Online Personal Learning.
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Gibson, David
- Abstract
This paper discusses the online Personal Learning Planner (PLP) project underway at the National Institute for Community Innovations (NICI) and presents some of the details of the theory and thinking that is guiding its development. The World Wide Web-based software is part of work by NICI to develop tools for enhancing preservice teacher education and supporting increased use of technology, especially in professional development schools. The PLP is designed to assist learners through the processes of: self-assessment of strengths, interests, and aspirations; planning preservice education learning goals and projects; linking goals and projects to valued outcome standards; creating original work and sharing the work with others; receiving high quality feedback for the improvement of work; documenting and validating the achievement of learning goals; and assisting in the selection and preparation of exhibits of learning. The following basic assumptions guide the thinking behind the PLP: face-to-face as a foundation of learning; three bases for planning and action for learning (institutional, professional, and personal priorities); the learning cycle; focus on the learner's work; self-direction and making meaning; and flexible thinking tools. (Contains 14 references.) (MES)
- Published
- 2001
46. Self-Assembling Texts & Courses of Study.
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Gibson, David
- Abstract
This paper describes the development of an interoperable meta-database system--a system of applications using metadata--that is intended to facilitate learner-centered collaboration, access to learning resources, and the fitness of channels of information to the emerging needs of learners at both individual and group levels. Highlights include: self assembly approaches in artificial intelligence; definition of several relevant concepts, e.g., elements/paths, fitness functions, recombination, and feed forward/feedback paths; and types of metadata, e.g., audience, discipline, and theme. The new World Wide Web-based educational database applications are preparing to use the concepts of self-assembly to treat digital media paths as a new form of texts and courses in education. (Contains 14 references.) (Author/MES)
- Published
- 2001
47. Growing Toward Systemic Change: Developing Personal Learning Plans at Montpelier High School.
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Northeast and Islands Regional Educational Lab. at Brown Univ., Providence, RI. and Gibson, David
- Abstract
Research traced the flow of such events as faculty development, school district initiatives, state and federal policies, student experience, and systems changes in Montpelier (Vermont) High School over six years to identify patterns of activities that supported growing reform. To understand how community-based learning (CBL) for a few students laid the groundwork for what was to become personalized learning plans (PLPs) for all, students, teachers, and administrators were interviewed. The CBL effort began as faculty sought information on alternative programs to engage reluctant students and became a community vision that was validated by district policy in a strategic plan. The administration instituted a long-block schedule, and a mentoring program and CBL internship were established. CBL emerged in the form of a system-wide program for everyone. As paths of the activities converged, the CBL program expanded to include PLP. What makes the PLP program distinctive is its placement of the student's aspirations at the center of a quest: what is he or she doing here, and what is he or she learning and preparing himself or herself to do? The PLP conversation is sustained over the course of four years and dips into all aspects of the student's life. The four phases of the innovation at Montpelier were team and individual capacity building; shaping community vision; structural alignment and adaptation; and systemic resonance. (YLB)
- Published
- 2000
48. New Insights on Technology Adoption in Communities of Learners.
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Sherry, Lorraine, Billig, Shelley, Tavalin, Fern, and Gibson, David
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This paper presents an alternative, nonlinear view of technology adoption among teachers participating in The WEB Project, a Technology Innovation Challenge Grant. It is based on a number of new theories, including activity and systems theory, and upon previous evaluations of large scale educational technology programs by RMC Research Corporation, notably the Boulder Valley Internet Project. The paper presents the Integrated Technology Adoption and Diffusion Model, describing a learning/adoption trajectory, i.e., a cyclical process in which teachers evolve from learners (teacher-trainees), to adopters of educational technology, to co-learners/co-explorers with their students in the classroom, and, finally, to a reaffirmation/refection decision. The evolution of the model to include a fifth stage, i.e., teacher as leader, is described. (Contains 14 references.) (MES)
- Published
- 2000
49. Creating a Web of Evidence: Multimedia Examples of Student Performance.
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Tavalin, Fern and Gibson, David
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Supported by funds and technical assistance from the U.S. Department of Education Innovation Challenge, the WEB Project has built several dynamic online networks that foster professional growth and measure improvement in student learning. The classrooms and networks of teachers and community professionals involved include work in music, visual arts, history, and literature. By design, the WEB Project serves all students. Each classroom or network incorporates vital learning results like communication, problem solving, critical thinking, civic responsibility, and personal development into its use of technology. Community and statewide organizations aid in the educational process and help to set standards for quality. The project has developed successful advanced technology strategies in three broad areas of work: (1) developing and using online assessment systems; (2) achieving high quality work, including focusing of production and elaboration of ideas, and using a variety of evidence; and (3) sustaining professional growth, including adaptation of existing models to align with standards, using electronic examples of performance, articulation of standards to include evidence of performance and student work samples, demonstration of student achievement via Web-based portfolios, and general guidance for improvement while work is in-progress. (MES)
- Published
- 2000
50. Molecular Line Observations of Infrared Dark Clouds: Seeking the Precursors to Intermediate and Massive Star Formation
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Ragan, Sarah E., Bergin, Edwin A., Plume, Rene, Gibson, David L., Wilner, David J., O'Brien, Shawn, and Hails, Erin
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Astrophysics - Abstract
We have identified 41 infrared dark clouds from the 8 micron maps of the Midcourse Space Experiment (MSX), selected to be found within one square degree areas centered on known ultracompact HII regions. We have mapped these infrared dark clouds in N2H+(1-0), CS(2-1) and C18O(1-0) emission using the Five College Radio Astronomy Observatory. The maps of the different species often show striking differences in morphologies, indicating differences in evolutionary state and/or the presence of undetected, deeply embedded protostars. We derive an average mass for these clouds using N2H+ column densities of ~2500 solar masses, a value comparable to that found in previous studies of high mass star forming cores using other mass tracers. The linewidths of these clouds are typically ~2.0 - 2.9 km/s. Based on the fact that they are dark at 8 micron, compact, massive, and have large velocity dispersions, we suggest that these clouds may be the precursor sites of intermediate and high mass star formation., Comment: Accepted to ApJS, 22 pages, 10 pages of figures. For full-resolution images, see http://www.astro.lsa.umich.edu/~seragan/pubs/fcrao/figures.tar.gz
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
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