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Radiative lifetimes of three elements of the nitrogen group have been experimentally investigated at the Double ElectroStatic Ion Ring Experiment (DESIREE) facility at Stockholm University. The experiments were performed through selective laser photodetachment of excited states of P$^-$, As$^-$ and Sb$^-$ ions stored in a cryogenic storage ring. The experimental results were compared with theoretically predicted lifetimes, yielding a mixture of very good agreements in some cases and large discrepancies in others. These results are part of our efforts to map out the lifetimes of all excited states in negative ions. This data can be used to benchmark atomic theories, in particularly with respect to the degree of electron correlation that is incorporated in various theoretical models.

High-precision measurements of the electron affinities (EA) of the three stable isotopes of silicon, $^{28}$Si, $^{29}$Si and $^{30}$Si, have been performed at the cryogenic electrostatic ion-beam storage ring DESIREE. The quantum states of the ions were manipulated using laser depletion, and the ions were photodetached by laser photodetachment threshold spectroscopy. These EA values are the first reported for $^{29}$Si$^-$ and $^{30}$Si$^-$ and provide a reduced uncertainty for $^{28}$Si$^-$. The resulting EAs are $EA(^{28}$Si$) = 1.38952201(17)$ eV, $EA(^{29}$Si$) = 1.38952172(12)$ eV and $EA(^{29}$Si$) = 1.38952078(12)$ eV, with the corresponding isotope shifts $IS(^{29-28}$Si$) = 0.29(16)$ micro eV and $IS(^{30-28}$Si$) = 1.23(16) $ micro eV. In addition to these measurements, the resolution and signal-to-background level was sufficient to reveal the hyperfine structure splitting in the $^{29}$Si$^-$ isotope, which we report to be $1.8(4) micro eV.

The radiative decay of excited states of the negative ion of rhodium, Rh$^-$, has been investigated experimentally and theoretically. The experiments were conducted at the Double ElectroStatic Ion Ring Experiment (DESIREE) facility at Stockholm University using selective photodetachment from a stored ion beam to monitor the time evolution of the excited state populations. The lifetimes of the Rh$^-$ $^3F_{3}$ and $^3F_{2}$ fine structure levels were measured to be 3.2(6)~s and 21(4)~s, respectively. An additional, previously unreported, higher-lying bound state of mixed $^1D_2+^3P_2+(4d^95s)^1D_2+^3F_2$ composition was observed and found to have a lifetime of 10.9(8)s. The binding energy of this state was determined to be in the interval $0.1584(2) $ eV $ < E_b < 0.2669(2)$ eV, using laser photodetachment threshold (LPT) spectroscopy. An autodetaching state with a lifetime of 480(10) microseconds was also observed. Theoretical calculations of the excited-state compositions, energies, and magnetic-dipole transition lifetimes were performed using the multiconfiguration Dirac-Hartree-Fock and relativistic configuration interaction methods. The calculated lifetimes of the $^3F_{3}$ and $^3F_{2}$ fine structure levels are in excellent agreement with the measured values. The present study should provide valuable insights into electron correlation effects in negative ions and forbidden radiative transitions.

The first direct experimental observation of an electric quadrupole ($\textit{E}$2) transition between bound states of an atomic negative ion has been made. The transition was observed in the negative ion of bismuth by resonant (1+1) photodetachment from Bi$^-$ $^3\textit{P}_2$ via excitation of the Bi$^-$ $^3\textit{P}_0$ fine structure state. The $\textit{E}$2 transition properties were independently calculated using a hybrid theoretical approach to account for the strong multi-level electron interactions and relativistic effects. The experimental and theoretical results are in excellent agreement, providing valuable new insights into this complex system and forbidden transitions in negative ions., Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures, 4 tables

We demonstrated the accurate prediction of a quasibound spectrum of a negative ion using a novel high-precision theoretical approach. We used La$^-$ as a test case due to a recent experiment that measured energies of 11 resonances in its photodetachment spectrum attributed to transitions to quasibound states [C. W. Walter et al., PRA, in press (2020); arXiv:2010.01122]. We identified all of the observed resonances, and predicted one more peak just outside the range of the prior experiment. Following the theoretical prediction, the peak was observed at the predicted wavelength, validating the identification. The same approach is applicable to a wide range of negative ions. Moreover, theory advances reported in this work can be used for massive generation of atomic transition properties for neutrals and positive ions needed for a variety of applications., Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures

The negative ion of lanthanum, La$^-$, has one of the richest bound state spectra observed for an atomic negative ion and has been proposed as a promising candidate for laser-cooling applications. In the present experiments, La$^-$ was investigated using tunable infrared photodetachment spectroscopy. The relative signal for neutral atom production was measured with a crossed ion-beam--laser-beam apparatus over the photon energy range 590 - 920 meV (2100 - 1350 nm) to probe the continuum region above the La neutral atom ground state. Eleven prominent peaks were observed in the La$^-$ photodetachment cross section due to resonant excitation of quasibound transient negative ion states in the continuum which subsequently autodetach. In addition, thresholds were observed for photodetachment from several bound states of La$^-$ to both ground and excited states of La. The present results provide information on the excited state structure and dynamics of La$^-$ that depend crucially on multielectron correlation effects., Comment: Accepted for publication in Physical Review A

Oscillator strengths for transitions in P II, Cl II and Cl III are derived from lifetimes and branching factions measured with beam-foil techniques. The focus is on the multiplets with a prominent interstellar line at 1153 A in P II which is seen in spectra of hot stars, and the lines at 1071 A in Cl II and 1011 A in Cl III whose lines are seen in spectra of diffuse interstellar clouds and the Io torus acquired with the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer. These data represent the first complete set of experimental f-values for the lines in the multiplets. Our results for P II (lambda)1153 agree well with Curtis semi-empirical predictions, as well as the large scale computations by Hibbert and by Tayal. The data for Cl II (lambda)1071 also agree very well with the most recent theoretical effort and with Morton s newest recommendations. For Cl III, however, our f-values are significantly larger than those given by Morton; instead, they are more consistent with recent large-scale theoretical calculations. Extensive tests provide confirmation that LS coupling rules apply to the transitions for the multiplets in Cl II and Cl III.