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11. Palaeobotanical experiences of plant diversity in deep time. 2: How to measure and analyse past plant biodiversity

Author

Pardoe, Heather S., Cleal, Christopher J., Berry, Christopher M., Cascales-Miñana, Borja, Davis, Basil A.S., Diez, Jose B., Filipova-Marinova, Mariana V., Giesecke, Thomas, Hilton, Jason, Ivanov, Dimiter, Kustatscher, Evelyn, Leroy, Suzanne A.G., McElwain, Jennifer C., Opluštil, Stanislav, Popa, Mihai Emilian, Seyfullah, Leyla J., Stolle, Ellen, Thomas, Barry A., and Uhl, Dieter

Published
2021
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12. Palaeobotanical experiences of plant diversity in deep time. 1: How well can we identify past plant diversity in the fossil record?

Author

Cleal, Christopher, Pardoe, Heather S., Berry, Christopher M., Cascales-Miñana, Borja, Davis, Basil A.S., Diez, Jose B., Filipova-Marinova, Mariana V., Giesecke, Thomas, Hilton, Jason, Ivanov, Dimiter, Kustatscher, Evelyn, Leroy, Suzanne A.G., McElwain, Jennifer C., Opluštil, Stanislav, Popa, Mihai Emilian, Seyfullah, Leyla J., Stolle, Ellen, Thomas, Barry A., and Uhl, Dieter

Published
2021
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24. The use of modelling and simulation approach in reconstructing past landscapes from fossil pollen data: a review and results from the POLLANDCAL network

Author

Gaillard, Marie-José, Sugita, Shinya, Bunting, M., Middleton, Richard, Broström, Anna, Caseldine, Christopher, Giesecke, Thomas, Hellman, Sophie, Hicks, Sheila, Hjelle, Kari, Langdon, Catherine, Nielsen, Anne-Birgitte, Poska, Anneli, von Stedingk, Henrik, and Veski, Sim

Abstract

Abstract: Information on past land cover in terms of absolute areas of different landscape units (forest, open land, pasture land, cultivated land, etc.) at local to regional scales is needed to test hypotheses and answer questions related to climate change (e.g. feedbacks effects of land-cover change), archaeological research, and nature conservancy (e.g. management strategy). The palaeoecological technique best suited to achieve quantitative reconstruction of past vegetation is pollen analysis. A simulation approach developed by Sugita (the computer model POLLSCAPE) which uses models based on the theory of pollen analysis is presented together with examples of application. POLLSCAPE has been adopted as the central tool for POLLANDCAL (POLlen/LANdscape CALibration), an international research network focusing on this topic. The theory behind models of the pollen–vegetation relationship and POLLSCAPE is reviewed. The two model outputs which receive greatest attention in this paper are the relevant source area of pollen (RSAP) and pollen loading in mires and lakes. Six examples of application of POLLSCAPE are presented, each of which explores a possible use of the POLLANDCAL tools and a means of validating or evaluating the models with empirical data. The landscape and vegetation factors influencing the size of the RSAP, the importance of pollen productivity estimates (PPEs) for the model outputs, the detection of small and rare patches of plant taxa in pollen records, and quantitative reconstructions of past vegetation and landscapes are discussed on the basis of these examples. The simulation approach is seen to be useful both for exploring different vegetation/landscape scenarios and for refuting hypotheses.

Published
2024
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29. Holocene changes in vegetation composition in northern Europe: why quantitative pollen-based vegetation reconstructions matter

Author

Marquer, Laurent, Gaillard, Marie-José, Sugita, Shinya, Trondman, Anna-Kari, Mazier, Florence, Nielsen, Anne Birgitte, Fyfe, Ralph M., Odgaard, Bent Vad, Alenius, Teija, Birks, H. John B., Bjune, Anne E., Christiansen, Jörg, Dodson, John, Edwards, Kevin J., Giesecke, Thomas, Herzschuh, Ulrike, Kangur, Mihkel, Lorenz, Sebastian, Poska, Anneli, Schult, Manuela, and Seppä, Heikki

Published
2014
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33. Towards mapping the late Quaternary vegetation change of Europe

Author

Giesecke, Thomas, Davis, Basil, Brewer, Simon, Finsinger, Walter, Wolters, Steffen, Blaauw, Maarten, de Beaulieu, Jacques-Louis, Binney, Heather, Fyfe, Ralph M., Gaillard, Marie-José, Gil-Romera, Graciela, van der Knaap, W. O., Kuneš, Petr, Kühl, Norbert, van Leeuwen, Jacqueline F. N., Leydet, Michelle, Lotter, André F., Ortu, Elena, Semmler, Malte, and Bradshaw, Richard H. W.

Published
2014

34. Towards quantifying changes in forest cover in the Araucaria forest-grassland mosaic in southern Brazil

Author

Piraquive Bermúdez, Daniela, Theuerkauf, Martin, Giesecke, Thomas, Palaeo-ecologie, and Coastal dynamics, Fluvial systems and Global change

Subjects
Pollen productivity estimates, 010506 paleontology, Archeology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Plant Science, Woodland, medicine.disease_cause, Araucaria angustifolia, 01 natural sciences, Grassland, Pollen, Vegetation type, Temperate climate, medicine, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography.geographical_feature_category, biology, Ecology, Palaeontology, Paleontology, Plant community, Vegetation, South America, biology.organism_classification, Geography, Archaeology, Pollen vegetation relationship, PPE, Araucaria
Abstract

Quantitative estimates of past vegetation cover are needed both regionally so human-landscape interactions can be better understood, and globally to evaluate the effects of changing vegetation cover on the climate system. Models reducing the bias in the pollen representation of vegetation cover have been developed in the temperate regions of the northern hemisphere, while experience applying them in other parts of the world is limited. The Araucaria forest-grassland mosaic of southern Brazil is an area where open and forested plant communities exist naturally and have changed their cover over time due to changing climate and human activities. Therefore, this area is of particular interest for such studies. Modern pollen and vegetation comparisons were carried out in two protected areas: Vila Velha State Park in Paraná state and Aparados da Serra National Park in Rio Grande do Sul. Vegetation mapping and analysis focused on Araucaria angustifolia as the characteristic tree of this vegetation type. In the Araucaria forest-grassland mosaic open vegetation and woodland change at a scale of hundreds of metres. These changes are difficult to capture based on pollen proportions in surface samples. While the abundance of Poaceae pollen is not a good indicator of locally open conditions, several pollen taxa can be used as indicators of the local vegetation cover. Pollen vegetation ratios (R-values) compare well between the two study regions, indicating that pollen production of individual species within the large plant families of Poaceae and Asteraceae are similar within the overall region. Araucaria angustifolia pollen is underrepresented with regards to its vegetation cover, while Poaceae are among the highest pollen producers in the region. Diverse woodland species other than A. angustifolia were grouped as one forest taxon and as the species composition of woodlands differed between the two study areas, so did the estimated pollen productivity of this group. It would be rewarding in future investigations to estimate pollen productivity for groups of trees with the same pollen dispersal syndrome. The application of pollen dispersal models designed for closed canopy in the protected areas was challenging. Further model development is required to deal with pollen released at different levels in semi-open vegetation types.

Published
2021

35. The European Modern Pollen Database (EMPD) project

Author

Davis, Basil A. S., Zanon, Marco, Collins, Pamella, Mauri, Achille, Bakker, Johan, Barboni, Doris, Barthelmes, Alexandra, Beaudouin, Celia, Birks, H.J.B., Bjune, Anne E., Bozilova, Elissaveta, Bradshaw, Richard H. W., Brayshay, Barbara A., Brewer, Simon, Brugiapaglia, Elisabetta, Bunting, Jane, Connor, Simon E., de Beaulieu, Jacques-Louis, Edwards, Kevin, Ejarque, Ana, Fall, Patricia, Florenzano, Assunta, Fyfe, Ralph, Galop, Didier, Giardini, Marco, Giesecke, Thomas, Grant, Michael J., Guiot, Jöel, Jahns, Susanne, Jankovská, Vlasta, Juggins, Stephen, Karpińska-Kołaczek, Monika, Kołaczek, Piotr, Kühl, Norbert, Kuneš, Petr, Lapteva, Elena G., Leroy, Suzanne A. G., Leydet, Michelle, Guiot, José, Kahrmann, Marina, Sáez, José Antonio López, Masi, Alessia, Matthias, Isabelle, Mazier, Florence, Meltsov, Vivika, Mercuri, Anna Maria, Miras, Yannick, Mitchell, Fraser J. G., Morris, Jesse L., Naughton, Filipa, Nielsen, Anne Birgitte, Novenko, Elena, Odgaard, Bent, Ortu, Elena, Overballe-Petersen, Mette Venås, Pardoe, Heather S., Peglar, Silvia M., Pidek, Irena A., Sadori, Laura, Seppä, Heikki, Severova, Elena, Shaw, Helen, Święta-Musznicka, Joanna, Theuerkauf, Martin, Tonkov, Spassimir, Veski, Siim, van der Knaap, W. O., van Leeuwen, Jacqueline F. N., Woodbridge, Jessie, Zimny, Marcelina, and Kaplan, Jed O.

Published
2013

36. The Reading Palaeofire Database: an expanded global resource to document changes in fire regimes from sedimentary charcoal records

Author

Harrison, Sandy P., Villegas-Diaz, Roberto, Cruz-Silva, Esmeralda, Gallagher, Daniel, Kesner, David, Lincoln, Paul, Shen, Yicheng, Sweeney, Luke, Colombaroli, Daniele, Ali, Adam, Barhoumi, Chéïma, Bergeron, Yves, Blyakharchuk, Tatiana, Bobek, Prërmysl, Bradshaw, Richard, Clear, Jennif L., Czerwiski, Sambor, Daniau, Anne-Laure, Dodson, John, Edwards, Kevin J., Edwards, Mary E., Feurdean, Angelica, Foster, David, Gajewski, Konrad, Galka, Mariusz, Garneau, Michelle, Giesecke, Thomas, Gil Romera, Graciela, Girardin, Martin P., Hoefer, Dana, Huang, Kangyou, Inoue, Jun, Jamrichová, Eva, Jasiunas, Nauris, Jiang, Wenying, Jiménez-Moreno, Gonzalo, Karpinska-Kolaczek, Monika, Kolaczek, Piotr, Kuosmanen, Niina, Lamentowicz, Mariusz, Lavoie, Martin, Li, Fang, Li, Jianyong, Lisitsyna, Olga, López-Sáez, Jose Antonio, Luelmo-Lautenschlaege, Reyes, Magnan, Gabriel, Katalin, Eniko, Magyari, katalin, Maksims, Alekss, Marcisz, Katarzyna, Marinova, Elena, Marlon, Jenn, Mensing, Scott, Miroslaw-Grabowska, Joanna, Oswald, Wyatt, Pérez Díaz, Sebastián, Pérez-Obiol, Ramón, Piilo, Sanna, Poska, Anneli, Qin, Xiaoguang, Remy, Cécile C., Richard, Pierre J. H., Salonen, Sakari, Sasaki, Naoko, Schneider, Hieke, Shotyk, William, Stancikaite, Migle, Steinberga, Dace, Stivrins, Nomunds, Takahara, Hikaru, Tan, Zhihai, Trasune, Liva, Umbanhowar, Charles E., Väliranta, Minna, Vassiljev, Jüri, Xiao, Xiayun, Xu, Qinghai, Xu, Xin, Zawisza, Edyta, Zhao, Yand, Zhou, Zheng, Paillard, Jordan, and Universidad de Cantabria

Abstract

Sedimentary charcoal records are widely used to reconstruct regional changes in fire regimes through time in the geological past. Existing global compilations are not geographically comprehensive and do not provide consistent metadata for all sites. Furthermore, the age models provided for these records are not harmonised and many are based on older calibrations of the radiocarbon ages. These issues limit the use of existing compilations for research into past fire regimes. Here, we present an expanded database of charcoal records, accompanied by new age models based on recalibration of radiocarbon ages using IntCal20 and Bayesian age-modelling software. We document the structure and contents of the database, the construction of the age models, and the quality control measures applied. We also record the expansion of geographical coverage relative to previous charcoal compilations and the expansion of metadata that can be used to inform analyses.

Published
2022

37. Millennial-scale perspective on biodiversity conservation of the forest-steppe ecotone in Europe

Author

Giesecke, Thomas, Kunes, Petr, Shumilovskikh, LS, and Palaeo-ecologie

Abstract

Paleoecological studies document that grasslands with a high conservation value in the European forest-steppe ecotone are often anthropogenically derived, requiring management to avoid woodland recovery. Nevertheless, naturally open areas often persisted within this ecotone, explaining the high richness of these grasslands

Published
2022

40. Quantitative reconstructions of changes in regional openness in north-central Europe reveal new insights into old questions

Author

Nielsen, Anne Birgitte, Giesecke, Thomas, Theuerkauf, Martin, Feeser, Ingo, Behre, Karl-Ernst, Beug, Hans-Jürgen, Chen, Su-Hwa, Christiansen, Jörg, Dörfler, Walter, Endtmann, Elisabeth, Jahns, Susanne, de Klerk, Pim, Kühl, Norbert, Latałowa, Małgorzata, Odgaard, Bent Vad, Rasmussen, Peter, Stockholm, Jette Raal, Voigt, Ricarda, Wiethold, Julian, and Wolters, Steffen

Published
2012
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41. The Reading Palaeofire Database: an expanded global resource to document changes in fire regimes from sedimentary charcoal records

Author

Harrison, Sandy P., primary, Villegas-Diaz, Roberto, additional, Cruz-Silva, Esmeralda, additional, Gallagher, Daniel, additional, Kesner, David, additional, Lincoln, Paul, additional, Shen, Yicheng, additional, Sweeney, Luke, additional, Colombaroli, Daniele, additional, Ali, Adam, additional, Barhoumi, Chéïma, additional, Bergeron, Yves, additional, Blyakharchuk, Tatiana, additional, Bobek, Přemysl, additional, Bradshaw, Richard, additional, Clear, Jennifer L., additional, Czerwiński, Sambor, additional, Daniau, Anne-Laure, additional, Dodson, John, additional, Edwards, Kevin J., additional, Edwards, Mary E., additional, Feurdean, Angelica, additional, Foster, David, additional, Gajewski, Konrad, additional, Gałka, Mariusz, additional, Garneau, Michelle, additional, Giesecke, Thomas, additional, Gil Romera, Graciela, additional, Girardin, Martin P., additional, Hoefer, Dana, additional, Huang, Kangyou, additional, Inoue, Jun, additional, Jamrichová, Eva, additional, Jasiunas, Nauris, additional, Jiang, Wenying, additional, Jiménez-Moreno, Gonzalo, additional, Karpińska-Kołaczek, Monika, additional, Kołaczek, Piotr, additional, Kuosmanen, Niina, additional, Lamentowicz, Mariusz, additional, Lavoie, Martin, additional, Li, Fang, additional, Li, Jianyong, additional, Lisitsyna, Olga, additional, López-Sáez, José Antonio, additional, Luelmo-Lautenschlaeger, Reyes, additional, Magnan, Gabriel, additional, Magyari, Eniko Katalin, additional, Maksims, Alekss, additional, Marcisz, Katarzyna, additional, Marinova, Elena, additional, Marlon, Jenn, additional, Mensing, Scott, additional, Miroslaw-Grabowska, Joanna, additional, Oswald, Wyatt, additional, Pérez-Díaz, Sebastián, additional, Pérez-Obiol, Ramón, additional, Piilo, Sanna, additional, Poska, Anneli, additional, Qin, Xiaoguang, additional, Remy, Cécile C., additional, Richard, Pierre J. H., additional, Salonen, Sakari, additional, Sasaki, Naoko, additional, Schneider, Hieke, additional, Shotyk, William, additional, Stancikaite, Migle, additional, Šteinberga, Dace, additional, Stivrins, Normunds, additional, Takahara, Hikaru, additional, Tan, Zhihai, additional, Trasune, Liva, additional, Umbanhowar, Charles E., additional, Väliranta, Minna, additional, Vassiljev, Jüri, additional, Xiao, Xiayun, additional, Xu, Qinghai, additional, Xu, Xin, additional, Zawisza, Edyta, additional, Zhao, Yan, additional, Zhou, Zheng, additional, and Paillard, Jordan, additional

Published
2022
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44. Comparing pollen spectra from modified Tauber traps and moss samples: examples from a selection of woodlands across Europe

Author

Pardoe, Heather S., Giesecke, Thomas, van der Knaap, Willem O., Svitavská-Svobodová, Helena, Kvavadze, Eliso V., Panajiotidis, Sampson, Gerasimidis, Achilles, Pidek, Irena A., Zimny, Marcelina, Święta-Musznicka, Joanna, Latałowa, Małgorzata, Noryśkiewicz, Agnieszka M., Bozilova, Elissaveta, Tonkov, Spassimir, Filipova-Marinova, Mariana V., van Leeuwen, Jacqueline F. N., and Kalniņa, Laimdota

Published
2010

49. The European Pollen Database: past efforts and current activities

Author

Fyfe, Ralph M., de Beaulieu, Jacques-Louis, Binney, Heather, Bradshaw, Richard H. W., Brewer, Simon, Le Flao, Anne, Finsinger, Walter, Gaillard, Marie-José, Giesecke, Thomas, Gil-Romera, Graciela, Grimm, Eric C., Huntley, Brian, Kunes, Petr, Kühl, Norbert, Leydet, Michelle, Lotter, André F., Tarasov, Pavel E., and Tonkov, Spassimir

Published
2009

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