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1. Mass Balance

Author

van den Broeke, Michiel, Giesen, Rianne, Fowler, Andrew, editor, and Ng, Felix, editor

Published
2021
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2. Simulating the evolution of Hardangerjøkulen ice cap in southern Norway since the mid-Holocene and its sensitivity to climate change

Author

Åkesson, Henning, Nisancioglu, Kerim H, Giesen, Rianne H, and Morlighem, Mathieu

Subjects
Climate Action, Oceanography, Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience, Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Abstract

Understanding of long-term dynamics of glaciers and ice caps is vital to assess their recent and future changes, yet few long-term reconstructions using ice flow models exist. Here we present simulations of the maritime Hardangerjøkulen ice cap in Norway from the mid-Holocene through the Little Ice Age (LIA) to the present day, using a numerical ice flow model combined with glacier and climate reconstructions. In our simulation, under a linear climate forcing, we find that Hardangerjøkulen grows from ice-free conditions in the mid-Holocene to its maximum extent during the LIA in a nonlinear, spatially asynchronous fashion. During its fastest stage of growth (2300-1300 BP), the ice cap triples its volume in less than 1000 years. The modeled ice cap extent and outlet glacier length changes from the LIA until today agree well with available observations. Volume and area for Hardangerjøkulen and several of its outlet glaciers vary out-of-phase for several centuries during the Holocene. This volume-area disequilibrium varies in time and from one outlet glacier to the next, illustrating that linear relations between ice extent, volume and glacier proxy records, as generally used in paleoclimatic reconstructions, have only limited validity. We also show that the present-day ice cap is highly sensitive to surface mass balance changes and that the effect of the ice cap hypsometry on the mass balance- altitude feedback is essential to this sensitivity. A mass balance shift by +0.5m w.e. relative to the mass balance from the last decades almost doubles ice volume, while a decrease of 0.2 mw.e. or more induces a strong mass balance-altitude feedback and makes Hardangerjøkulen disappear entirely. Furthermore, once disappeared, an additional +0.1m w.e. relative to the present mass balance is needed to regrow the ice cap to its present-day extent. We expect that other ice caps with comparable geometry in, for example, Norway, Iceland, Patagonia and peripheral Greenland may behave similarly, making them particularly vulnerable to climate change.

Published
2017

3. Gathering users and developers to shape together the next-generation ocean reanalyses: Ocean reanalyses workshop of the European Copernicus Marine Service

Author

Yang, Chunxue, primary, Bourdallé-Badie, Romain, additional, Drevillon, Marie, additional, Amaya, Dillon, additional, Aouf, Lotfi, additional, Aydogdu, Ali, additional, Barton, Benjamin, additional, Bell, Mike, additional, Boyer, Tim, additional, Blauw, Anouk, additional, Carton, James, additional, Candela, Tony, additional, Cossarini, Gianpiero, additional, Dabrowski, Tomasz, additional, de Boisseson, Eric, additional, de Mora, Lee, additional, Fablet, Ronan, additional, Forget, Gaël, additional, Fujii, Yosuke, additional, Garric, Gilles, additional, Giunta, Valentina, additional, Salamon, Peter, additional, Hersbach, Hans, additional, Juza, Mélanie, additional, Sommer, Julien Le, additional, Martin, Matthew, additional, McAdam, Ronan, additional, Garcia, Melisa Menendez, additional, Morim, Joao, additional, Nicolì, Dario, additional, Reppucci, Antonio, additional, Samuelsen, Annette, additional, Sauzède, Raphaëlle, additional, Slivinski, Laura, additional, Specq, Damien, additional, Storto, Andrea, additional, Tuomi, Laura, additional, Vandenbulcke, Luc, additional, Aznar, Roland, additional, Beuvier, Jonathan, additional, Cipollone, Andrea, additional, Clementi, Emanuela, additional, Di Biagio, Valeria, additional, Escudier, Romain, additional, Giesen, Rianne, additional, Greiner, Eric, additional, Guihou, Karen, additional, Korabel, Vasily, additional, Lamouroux, Julien, additional, Chune, Stephane Law, additional, Lellouche, Jean- Michel, additional, Levier, Bruno, additional, Lima, Leonardo, additional, Mangin, Antoine, additional, Mayer, Michael, additional, Melet, Angelique, additional, Miraglio, Pietro, additional, Oikonomou, Charikleia, additional, Pfeffer, Julia, additional, Renshaw, Richard, additional, Ringgaard, Ida, additional, Thual, Sulian, additional, Titaud, Olivier, additional, Tonani, Marina, additional, van Gennip, Simon, additional, von Schuckmann, Karina, additional, Drillet, Yann, additional, and Traon, Pierre-Yves Le, additional

Published
2024
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6. Cloud forcing of surface energy balance from in situ measurements in diverse mountain glacier environments

Author

Conway, Jonathan P., primary, Abermann, Jakob, additional, Andreassen, Liss M., additional, Azam, Mohd Farooq, additional, Cullen, Nicolas J., additional, Fitzpatrick, Noel, additional, Giesen, Rianne H., additional, Langley, Kirsty, additional, MacDonell, Shelley, additional, Mölg, Thomas, additional, Radić, Valentina, additional, Reijmer, Carleen H., additional, and Sicart, Jean-Emmanuel, additional

Published
2022
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7. Cloud forcing of surface energy balance from in situ measurements in diverse mountain glacier environments

Author

Conway, Jonathan P., Abermann, Jakob, Andreassen, Liss M., Azam, Mohd Farooq, Cullen, Nicolas J., Fitzpatrick, Noel, Giesen, Rianne H., Langley, Kirsty, MacDonell, Shelley, Mölg, Thomas, Radić, Valentina, Reijmer, Carleen H., Sicart, Jean Emmanuel, Conway, Jonathan P., Abermann, Jakob, Andreassen, Liss M., Azam, Mohd Farooq, Cullen, Nicolas J., Fitzpatrick, Noel, Giesen, Rianne H., Langley, Kirsty, MacDonell, Shelley, Mölg, Thomas, Radić, Valentina, Reijmer, Carleen H., and Sicart, Jean Emmanuel

Abstract

Clouds are an important component of the climate system, yet our understanding of how they directly and indirectly affect glacier melt in different climates is incomplete. Here we analyse high-quality datasets from 16 mountain glaciers in diverse climates around the globe to better understand how relationships between clouds and near-surface meteorology, radiation and surface energy balance vary. The seasonal cycle of cloud frequency varies markedly between mountain glacier sites. During the main melt season at each site, an increase in cloud cover is associated with increased vapour pressure and relative humidity, but relationships to wind speed are site specific. At colder sites (average near-surface air temperature in the melt season <0gg C), air temperature generally increases with increasing cloudiness, while for warmer sites (average near-surface air temperature in the melt season ≫0gg C), air temperature decreases with increasing cloudiness. At all sites, surface melt is more frequent in cloudy compared to clear-sky conditions. The proportion of melt from temperature-dependent energy fluxes (incoming longwave radiation, turbulent sensible heat and latent heat) also universally increases in cloudy conditions. However, cloud cover does not affect daily total melt in a universal way, with some sites showing increased melt energy during cloudy conditions and others decreased melt energy. The complex association of clouds with melt energy is not amenable to simple relationships due to many interacting physical processes (direct radiative forcing; surface albedo; and co-variance with temperature, humidity and wind) but is most closely related to the effect of clouds on net radiation. These results motivate the use of physics-based surface energy balance models for representing glacier-climate relationships in regional- and global-scale assessments of glacier response to climate change.

Published
2022

8. Cloud forcing of surface energy balance from in situ measurements in diverse mountain glacier environments

Author

Sub Dynamics Meteorology, Marine and Atmospheric Research, Conway, Jonathan P., Abermann, Jakob, Andreassen, Liss M., Azam, Mohd Farooq, Cullen, Nicolas J., Fitzpatrick, Noel, Giesen, Rianne H., Langley, Kirsty, MacDonell, Shelley, Mölg, Thomas, Radić, Valentina, Reijmer, Carleen H., Sicart, Jean Emmanuel, Sub Dynamics Meteorology, Marine and Atmospheric Research, Conway, Jonathan P., Abermann, Jakob, Andreassen, Liss M., Azam, Mohd Farooq, Cullen, Nicolas J., Fitzpatrick, Noel, Giesen, Rianne H., Langley, Kirsty, MacDonell, Shelley, Mölg, Thomas, Radić, Valentina, Reijmer, Carleen H., and Sicart, Jean Emmanuel

Published
2022

9. Development of a 11-year ERA* high resolution ocean forcing dataset

Author

Makarova, Evgeniia, Trindade, Ana, Grieco, Giuseppe, Portabella, Marcos, Giesen, Rianne, Stoffelen, Ad, Verhoef, Anton, Makarova, Evgeniia, Trindade, Ana, Grieco, Giuseppe, Portabella, Marcos, Giesen, Rianne, Stoffelen, Ad, and Verhoef, Anton

Published
2022

10. Development of a 11-year ERA* high resolution ocean forcing dataset

Author

Portabella, Marcos, Makarova, Evgeniia, Trindade, Ana, Grieco, Giuseppe, Giesen, Rianne, Stoffelen, Ad, Verhoef, Anton, Portabella, Marcos, Makarova, Evgeniia, Trindade, Ana, Grieco, Giuseppe, Giesen, Rianne, Stoffelen, Ad, and Verhoef, Anton

Published
2022

14. A high-resolution ocean wind forcing product for the Copernicus Marine Service

Author

Giesen, Rianne, Stoffelen, Ad, Trindade, Ana, Portabella, Marcos, Verhoef, Anton, Giesen, Rianne, Stoffelen, Ad, Trindade, Ana, Portabella, Marcos, and Verhoef, Anton

Abstract

Rianne Giesen presented the forthcoming Copernicus Marine Service L4 gridded wind product at the EGU, while Ad Stoffelen presented it at the ESA Living Planet Symposium. It will be released in July and contains hourly wind vectors, wind stress and their spatial derivatives, i.e., curl and divergence. It is based on the L2 swath products of the same variables that are derived from the OSI SAF winds. These products could offer convenient access to information for the users compared to L2, since they are hourly and gridded. Exploiting the OSI SAF L2 scatterometer winds, in particular mesoscale variability and spatial derivatives are enhanced with respect to other global gridded products. In addition, persistent ECMWF model biases are repaired in the L4 wind and stress products. Users are welcome to use these products in their applications and provide feedback on their content, usefulness and impact

Published
2022

19. Scatterometer constellation and extremes

Author

Stoffelen, Ad, Vogelzang, J., Giesen, Rianne, Portabella, Marcos, Rabaneda, Albert S., Ni, Weicheng, Sapp, Joe, Jelenak, Zorana, Chang, Paul, and Polverari, Federica

Abstract

Third International Workshop on Satellite Analysis of Tropical Cyclones (IWSATC-3), 7-10 December 2021

Published
2021

20. Copernicus Marine Service Ocean State Report, Issue 5

Author

von Schuckmann, Karina, primary, Le Traon, Pierre-Yves, additional, Smith, Neville, additional, Pascual, Ananda, additional, Djavidnia, Samuel, additional, Gattuso, Jean-Pierre, additional, Grégoire, Marilaure, additional, Aaboe, Signe, additional, Alari, Victor, additional, Alexander, Brittany E., additional, Alonso-Martirena, Andrés, additional, Aydogdu, Ali, additional, Azzopardi, Joel, additional, Bajo, Marco, additional, Barbariol, Francesco, additional, Batistić, Mirna, additional, Behrens, Arno, additional, Ismail, Sana Ben, additional, Benetazzo, Alvise, additional, Bitetto, Isabella, additional, Borghini, Mireno, additional, Bray, Laura, additional, Capet, Arthur, additional, Carlucci, Roberto, additional, Chatterjee, Sourav, additional, Chiggiato, Jacopo, additional, Ciliberti, Stefania, additional, Cipriano, Giulia, additional, Clementi, Emanuela, additional, Cochrane, Paul, additional, Cossarini, Gianpiero, additional, D'Andrea, Lorenzo, additional, Davison, Silvio, additional, Down, Emily, additional, Drago, Aldo, additional, Druon, Jean-Noël, additional, Engelhard, Georg, additional, Federico, Ivan, additional, Garić, Rade, additional, Gauci, Adam, additional, Gerin, Riccardo, additional, Geyer, Gerhard, additional, Giesen, Rianne, additional, Good, Simon, additional, Graham, Richard, additional, Greiner, Eric, additional, Gundersen, Kjell, additional, Hélaouët, Pierre, additional, Hendricks, Stefan, additional, Heymans, Johanna J., additional, Holt, Jason, additional, Hure, Marijana, additional, Juza, Mélanie, additional, Kassis, Dimitris, additional, Kellett, Paula, additional, Knol-Kauffman, Maaike, additional, Kountouris, Panagiotis, additional, Kõuts, Marilii, additional, Lagemaa, Priidik, additional, Lavergne, Thomas, additional, Legeais, Jean-François, additional, Traon, Pierre-Yves Le, additional, Libralato, Simone, additional, Lien, Vidar S., additional, Lima, Leonardo, additional, Lind, Sigrid, additional, Liu, Ye, additional, Macías, Diego, additional, Maljutenko, Ilja, additional, Mangin, Antoine, additional, Männik, Aarne, additional, Marinova, Veselka, additional, Martellucci, Riccardo, additional, Masnadi, Francesco, additional, Mauri, Elena, additional, Mayer, Michael, additional, Menna, Milena, additional, Meulders, Catherine, additional, Møgster, Jane S., additional, Monier, Maeva, additional, Mork, Kjell Arne, additional, Müller, Malte, additional, Nilsen, Jan Even Øie, additional, Notarstefano, Giulio, additional, Oviedo, José L., additional, Palerme, Cyril, additional, Palialexis, Andreas, additional, Panzeri, Diego, additional, Pardo, Silvia, additional, Peneva, Elisaveta, additional, Pezzutto, Paolo, additional, Pirro, Annunziata, additional, Platt, Trevor, additional, Poulain, Pierre-Marie, additional, Prieto, Laura, additional, Querin, Stefano, additional, Rabenstein, Lasse, additional, Raj, Roshin P., additional, Raudsepp, Urmas, additional, Reale, Marco, additional, Renshaw, Richard, additional, Ricchi, Antonio, additional, Ricker, Robert, additional, Rikka, Sander, additional, Ruiz, Javier, additional, Russo, Tommaso, additional, Sanchez, Jorge, additional, Santoleri, Rosalia, additional, Sathyendranath, Shubha, additional, Scarcella, Giuseppe, additional, Schroeder, Katrin, additional, Sparnocchia, Stefania, additional, Spedicato, Maria Teresa, additional, Stanev, Emil, additional, Staneva, Joanna, additional, Stocker, Alexandra, additional, Stoffelen, Ad, additional, Teruzzi, Anna, additional, Townhill, Bryony, additional, Uiboupin, Rivo, additional, Valcheva, Nadejda, additional, Vandenbulcke, Luc, additional, Vindenes, Håvard, additional, Schuckmann, Karina von, additional, Vrgoč, Nedo, additional, Wakelin, Sarah, additional, and Zupa, Walter, additional

Published
2021
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21. Copernicus Marine Service Ocean State Report, Issue 5

Author

Von Schuckmann, Karina, Le Traon, Pierre-yves, Smith, Neville, Pascual, Ananda, Djavidnia, Samuel, Gattuso, Jean-pierre, Grégoire, Marilaure, Aaboe, Signe, Alari, Victor, Alexander, Brittany E., Alonso-martirena, Andrés, Aydogdu, Ali, Azzopardi, Joel, Bajo, Marco, Barbariol, Francesco, Batistić, Mirna, Behrens, Arno, Ismail, Sana Ben, Benetazzo, Alvise, Bitetto, Isabella, Borghini, Mireno, Bray, Laura, Capet, Arthur, Carlucci, Roberto, Chatterjee, Sourav, Chiggiato, Jacopo, Ciliberti, Stefania, Cipriano, Giulia, Clementi, Emanuela, Cochrane, Paul, Cossarini, Gianpiero, D'Andrea, Lorenzo, Davison, Silvio, Down, Emily, Drago, Aldo, Druon, Jean-noël, Engelhard, Georg, Federico, Ivan, Garić, Rade, Gauci, Adam, Gerin, Riccardo, Geyer, Gerhard, Giesen, Rianne, Good, Simon, Graham, Richard, Greiner, Eric, Gundersen, Kjell, Hélaouët, Pierre, Hendricks, Stefan, Heymans, Johanna J., Holt, Jason, Hure, Marijana, Juza, Mélanie, Kassis, Dimitris, Kellett, Paula, Knol-kauffman, Maaike, Kountouris, Panagiotis, Kõuts, Marilii, Lagemaa, Priidik, Lavergne, Thomas, Legeais, Jean Francois, Traon, Pierre-yves Le, Libralato, Simone, Lien, Vidar S., Lima, Leonardo, Lind, Sigrid, Liu, Ye, Macías, Diego, Maljutenko, Ilja, Mangin, Antoine, Männik, Aarne, Marinova, Veselka, Martellucci, Riccardo, Masnadi, Francesco, Mauri, Elena, Mayer, Michael, Menna, Milena, Meulders, Catherine, Møgster, Jane S., Monier, Maeva, Mork, Kjell Arne, Müller, Malte, Nilsen, Jan Even Øie, Notarstefano, Giulio, Oviedo, José L., Palerme, Cyril, Palialexis, Andreas, Panzeri, Diego, Pardo, Silvia, Peneva, Elisaveta, Pezzutto, Paolo, Pirro, Annunziata, Platt, Trevor, Poulain, Pierre-marie, Prieto, Laura, Querin, Stefano, Rabenstein, Lasse, Raj, Roshin P., Raudsepp, Urmas, Reale, Marco, Renshaw, Richard, Ricchi, Antonio, Ricker, Robert, Rikka, Sander, Ruiz, Javier, Russo, Tommaso, Sanchez, Jorge, Santoleri, Rosalia, Sathyendranath, Shubha, Scarcella, Giuseppe, Schroeder, Katrin, Sparnocchia, Stefania, Spedicato, Maria Teresa, Stanev, Emil, Staneva, Joanna, Stocker, Alexandra, Stoffelen, Ad, Teruzzi, Anna, Townhill, Bryony, Uiboupin, Rivo, Valcheva, Nadejda, Vandenbulcke, Luc, Vindenes, Håvard, Schuckmann, Karina Von, Vrgoč, Nedo, Wakelin, Sarah, Zupa, Walter, Von Schuckmann, Karina, Le Traon, Pierre-yves, Smith, Neville, Pascual, Ananda, Djavidnia, Samuel, Gattuso, Jean-pierre, Grégoire, Marilaure, Aaboe, Signe, Alari, Victor, Alexander, Brittany E., Alonso-martirena, Andrés, Aydogdu, Ali, Azzopardi, Joel, Bajo, Marco, Barbariol, Francesco, Batistić, Mirna, Behrens, Arno, Ismail, Sana Ben, Benetazzo, Alvise, Bitetto, Isabella, Borghini, Mireno, Bray, Laura, Capet, Arthur, Carlucci, Roberto, Chatterjee, Sourav, Chiggiato, Jacopo, Ciliberti, Stefania, Cipriano, Giulia, Clementi, Emanuela, Cochrane, Paul, Cossarini, Gianpiero, D'Andrea, Lorenzo, Davison, Silvio, Down, Emily, Drago, Aldo, Druon, Jean-noël, Engelhard, Georg, Federico, Ivan, Garić, Rade, Gauci, Adam, Gerin, Riccardo, Geyer, Gerhard, Giesen, Rianne, Good, Simon, Graham, Richard, Greiner, Eric, Gundersen, Kjell, Hélaouët, Pierre, Hendricks, Stefan, Heymans, Johanna J., Holt, Jason, Hure, Marijana, Juza, Mélanie, Kassis, Dimitris, Kellett, Paula, Knol-kauffman, Maaike, Kountouris, Panagiotis, Kõuts, Marilii, Lagemaa, Priidik, Lavergne, Thomas, Legeais, Jean Francois, Traon, Pierre-yves Le, Libralato, Simone, Lien, Vidar S., Lima, Leonardo, Lind, Sigrid, Liu, Ye, Macías, Diego, Maljutenko, Ilja, Mangin, Antoine, Männik, Aarne, Marinova, Veselka, Martellucci, Riccardo, Masnadi, Francesco, Mauri, Elena, Mayer, Michael, Menna, Milena, Meulders, Catherine, Møgster, Jane S., Monier, Maeva, Mork, Kjell Arne, Müller, Malte, Nilsen, Jan Even Øie, Notarstefano, Giulio, Oviedo, José L., Palerme, Cyril, Palialexis, Andreas, Panzeri, Diego, Pardo, Silvia, Peneva, Elisaveta, Pezzutto, Paolo, Pirro, Annunziata, Platt, Trevor, Poulain, Pierre-marie, Prieto, Laura, Querin, Stefano, Rabenstein, Lasse, Raj, Roshin P., Raudsepp, Urmas, Reale, Marco, Renshaw, Richard, Ricchi, Antonio, Ricker, Robert, Rikka, Sander, Ruiz, Javier, Russo, Tommaso, Sanchez, Jorge, Santoleri, Rosalia, Sathyendranath, Shubha, Scarcella, Giuseppe, Schroeder, Katrin, Sparnocchia, Stefania, Spedicato, Maria Teresa, Stanev, Emil, Staneva, Joanna, Stocker, Alexandra, Stoffelen, Ad, Teruzzi, Anna, Townhill, Bryony, Uiboupin, Rivo, Valcheva, Nadejda, Vandenbulcke, Luc, Vindenes, Håvard, Schuckmann, Karina Von, Vrgoč, Nedo, Wakelin, Sarah, and Zupa, Walter

Published
2021
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22. Mass Balance

Author

Sub Dynamics Meteorology, Marine and Atmospheric Research, van den Broeke, Michiel, Giesen, Rianne, Sub Dynamics Meteorology, Marine and Atmospheric Research, van den Broeke, Michiel, and Giesen, Rianne

Published
2021

23. Towards an enhanced extreme-wind observation capability over the Mediterranean

Author

Portabella, Marcos, Polverari, Federica, Lin, Wenming, Stoffelen, Ad, Grieco, Giuseppe, Rabaneda, Albert S., Vogelzang, Jur, Marseille, Gert-Jan, Ni, Weicheng, Mouche, Alexis Aurélien, Sapp, Joe, Chang, Paul, Jelenak, Zorana, Giesen, Rianne, Portabella, Marcos, Polverari, Federica, Lin, Wenming, Stoffelen, Ad, Grieco, Giuseppe, Rabaneda, Albert S., Vogelzang, Jur, Marseille, Gert-Jan, Ni, Weicheng, Mouche, Alexis Aurélien, Sapp, Joe, Chang, Paul, Jelenak, Zorana, and Giesen, Rianne

Published
2021

24. Copernicus Marine Service Ocean State Report, Issue 5

Author

European Commission, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), University of Tokyo, European Space Agency, Pirro, Annunziata, Schuckmann, Karina von, Traon, Pierre-Yves le, Smith, Neville, Pascual, Ananda, Djavidnia, Samuel, Gattuso, Jean-Pierre, Grégoire, Marilaure, Aaboe, Signe, Alari, Victor, Alexander, Brittany E., Alonso-Martirena, Andrés, Palerme, Cyril, Møgster, Jane S., Rikka, Sander, Sánchez, Jorge, Russo, Tommaso, Monier, Maeva, Palialexis, Andreas, Mork, Kjell Arne, Müller, Malte, Nilsen, Jan Even Øie, Raj, Roshin P., Notarstefano, Giulio, Stocker, Alexandra, Wakelin, Sarah, Bajo, Marco, Valcheva, Nadejda, Panzeri, Diego, Pardo, Silvia, Peneva, Elisaveta, Pezzutto, Paolo, Platt, Trevor, Raudsepp, Urmas, Poulain, Pierre-Marie, Ruiz Segura, Javier, Renshaw, Richard, Prieto, Laura, Querin, Stefano, Rabenstein, Lasse, Staneva, Joanna, Bray, Laura, Ricker, Robert, Reale, Reale, Ben Ismail , Sana, Ricchi, Antonio, Uiboupin, Rivo, Aydogdu, Ali, Azzopardi, Joel, Clementi, Emanuela, Vrgoč, Nedo, Barbariol, Francesco, Batistic, Mirna, Capet, Arthur, Behrens, Arno, Stanev, Emil, Benetazzo, Alvise, Cochrane, Paul, Bitetto, Isabella, Borghini, Mireno, Spedicato, Maria Teresa, Down, Emily, Carlucci, Roberto, Chatterjee, Sourav, Chiggiato, Jacopo, Ciliberti, Stefania, Townhill, Bryony, Cipriano, Giulia, Graham, Richard, Drago, Aldo, Cossarini, Giampiero, D'Andrea, Lorenzo, Davison, Silvio, von Schuckmann, Karina, Druon, Jean-Noël, Giesen, Rianne, Schroeder, Katrin, Engelhard, Georg, Federico, Ivan, Garić, Rade, Gerin, Riccardo, Gauci, Adam, Sparnocchia, Stefania, Holt, Jason, Geyer, Gerhard, Teruzzi, Anna, Kõuts, Marilii, Good, Simon, Greiner, Eric, Gundersen, Kjell, Hélaouët, Pierre, Hendricks, Stefan, Heymans, Johanna J., Hure, Marijana, Marinova, Veselka, Vindenes, Håvard, Juzà, Melanie, Kassis, Dimitris, Kellett, Paula, Knol-Kauffman, Maaike, Kountouris, Panagiotis, Scarcella, Giuseppe, Martellucci, Riccardo, Lagemaa, Priidik, Lavergne, Thomas, Mangin, Antoine, Sathyendranath, Shubha, Legeais, Jean-François, Libralato, Simone, Lien, Vidar S., Lima, Leonardo, Lind, Sigrid, Santoleri, Rosalia, Zupa, Walter, Liu, Ye, Macías, Diego, Männik, Aarne, Maljutenko, Ilja, Vandenbulcke, Luc, Stoffelen, Ad, Oviedo Pro, José Luis, Masnadi, Francesco, Mauri, Elena, Mayer, Michael, Menna, Milena, Meulders, Catherine, European Commission, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), University of Tokyo, European Space Agency, Pirro, Annunziata, Schuckmann, Karina von, Traon, Pierre-Yves le, Smith, Neville, Pascual, Ananda, Djavidnia, Samuel, Gattuso, Jean-Pierre, Grégoire, Marilaure, Aaboe, Signe, Alari, Victor, Alexander, Brittany E., Alonso-Martirena, Andrés, Palerme, Cyril, Møgster, Jane S., Rikka, Sander, Sánchez, Jorge, Russo, Tommaso, Monier, Maeva, Palialexis, Andreas, Mork, Kjell Arne, Müller, Malte, Nilsen, Jan Even Øie, Raj, Roshin P., Notarstefano, Giulio, Stocker, Alexandra, Wakelin, Sarah, Bajo, Marco, Valcheva, Nadejda, Panzeri, Diego, Pardo, Silvia, Peneva, Elisaveta, Pezzutto, Paolo, Platt, Trevor, Raudsepp, Urmas, Poulain, Pierre-Marie, Ruiz Segura, Javier, Renshaw, Richard, Prieto, Laura, Querin, Stefano, Rabenstein, Lasse, Staneva, Joanna, Bray, Laura, Ricker, Robert, Reale, Reale, Ben Ismail , Sana, Ricchi, Antonio, Uiboupin, Rivo, Aydogdu, Ali, Azzopardi, Joel, Clementi, Emanuela, Vrgoč, Nedo, Barbariol, Francesco, Batistic, Mirna, Capet, Arthur, Behrens, Arno, Stanev, Emil, Benetazzo, Alvise, Cochrane, Paul, Bitetto, Isabella, Borghini, Mireno, Spedicato, Maria Teresa, Down, Emily, Carlucci, Roberto, Chatterjee, Sourav, Chiggiato, Jacopo, Ciliberti, Stefania, Townhill, Bryony, Cipriano, Giulia, Graham, Richard, Drago, Aldo, Cossarini, Giampiero, D'Andrea, Lorenzo, Davison, Silvio, von Schuckmann, Karina, Druon, Jean-Noël, Giesen, Rianne, Schroeder, Katrin, Engelhard, Georg, Federico, Ivan, Garić, Rade, Gerin, Riccardo, Gauci, Adam, Sparnocchia, Stefania, Holt, Jason, Geyer, Gerhard, Teruzzi, Anna, Kõuts, Marilii, Good, Simon, Greiner, Eric, Gundersen, Kjell, Hélaouët, Pierre, Hendricks, Stefan, Heymans, Johanna J., Hure, Marijana, Marinova, Veselka, Vindenes, Håvard, Juzà, Melanie, Kassis, Dimitris, Kellett, Paula, Knol-Kauffman, Maaike, Kountouris, Panagiotis, Scarcella, Giuseppe, Martellucci, Riccardo, Lagemaa, Priidik, Lavergne, Thomas, Mangin, Antoine, Sathyendranath, Shubha, Legeais, Jean-François, Libralato, Simone, Lien, Vidar S., Lima, Leonardo, Lind, Sigrid, Santoleri, Rosalia, Zupa, Walter, Liu, Ye, Macías, Diego, Männik, Aarne, Maljutenko, Ilja, Vandenbulcke, Luc, Stoffelen, Ad, Oviedo Pro, José Luis, Masnadi, Francesco, Mauri, Elena, Mayer, Michael, Menna, Milena, and Meulders, Catherine

Published
2021

25. Improved ocean wind forcing products

Author

Giesen, Rianne, Trindade, Ana, Portabella, Marcos, Stoffelen, Ad, Giesen, Rianne, Trindade, Ana, Portabella, Marcos, and Stoffelen, Ad

Abstract

The ocean surface wind plays an essential role in the exchange of heat, gases and momentum at the atmosphere-ocean interface. It is therefore crucial to accurately represent this wind forcing in physical ocean model simulations. Scatterometers provide high-resolution ocean surface wind observations, but have limited spatial and temporal coverage. On the other hand, numerical weather prediction (NWP) model wind fields have better coverage in time and space, but do not resolve the small-scale variability in the air-sea fluxes. In addition, Belmonte Rivas and Stoffelen (2019) documented substantial systematic error in global NWP fields on both small and large scales, using scatterometer observations as a reference. Trindade et al. (2019) combined the strong points of scatterometer observations and atmospheric model wind fields into ERA*, a new ocean wind forcing product. ERA* uses temporally-averaged differences between geolocated scatterometer wind data and European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalysis fields to correct for persistent local NWP wind vector biases. Verified against independent observations, ERA* reduced the variance of differences by 20% with respect to the uncorrected NWP fields. As ERA* has a high potential for improving ocean model forcing in the CMEMS Model Forecasting Centre (MFC) products, it is a candidate for a future CMEMS Level 4 (L4) wind product. We present the ongoing work to further improve the ERA* product and invite potential users to discuss their L4 product requirements. References: Belmonte Rivas, M. and A. Stoffelen (2019): Characterizing ERA-Interim and ERA5 surface wind biases using ASCAT, Ocean Sci., 15, 831–852, doi: 10.5194/os-15-831-2019. Trindade, A., M. Portabella, A. Stoffelen, W. Lin and A. Verhoef (2019), ERAstar: A High-Resolution Ocean Forcing Product, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 1-11, doi: 10.1109/TGRS.2019.2946019

Published
2020

27. Citizen observatory based soil moisture monitoring – the GROW example

Author

Kovács, Károly Zoltán, primary, Hemment, Drew, additional, Woods, Mel, additional, van der Velden, Naomi K, additional, Xaver, Angelika, additional, Giesen, Rianne H, additional, Burton, Victoria J, additional, Garrett, Natalie L, additional, Zappa, Luca, additional, Long, Deborah, additional, Dobos, Endre, additional, and Skalsky, Rastislav, additional

Published
2019
Full Text
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29. GlacierMIP - A model intercomparison of global-scale glacier mass-balance models and projections

Author

Hock, Regine, Bliss, Andrew, Marzeion, Ben, Giesen, Rianne H., Hirabayashi, Yukiko, Huss, Matthias, Radic, Valentina, Slangen, Aimee B. A., Hock, Regine, Bliss, Andrew, Marzeion, Ben, Giesen, Rianne H., Hirabayashi, Yukiko, Huss, Matthias, Radic, Valentina, and Slangen, Aimee B. A.

Abstract

Global-scale 21st-century glacier mass change projections from six published global glacier models are systematically compared as part of the Glacier Model Intercomparison Project. In total 214 projections of annual glacier mass and area forced by 25 General Circulation Models (GCMs) and four Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) emission scenarios and aggregated into 19 glacier regions are considered. Global mass loss of all glaciers (outside the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets) by 2100 relative to 2015 averaged over all model runs varies from 18 +/- 7% (RCP2.6) to 36 +/- 11% (RCP8.5) corresponding to 94 +/- 25 and 200 +/- 44 mm sea-level equivalent (SLE), respectively. Regional relative mass changes by 2100 correlate linearly with relative area changes. For RCP8.5 three models project global rates of mass loss (multi-GCM means) of >3 mm SLE per year towards the end of the century. Projections vary considerably between regions, and also among the glacier models. Global glacier mass changes per degree global air temperature rise tend to increase with more pronounced warming indicating that mass-balance sensitivities to temperature change are not constant. Differences in glacier mass projections among the models are attributed to differences in model physics, calibration and downscaling procedures, initial ice volumes and varying ensembles of forcing GCMs.

Published
2019
Full Text
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30. Pervasive cold ice within a temperate glacier - implications for glacier thermal regimes, sediment transport and foreland geomorphology

Author

Reinardy, Benedict T., Booth, Adam D., Hughes, Anna L. C., Boston, Clare M., Åkesson, Henning, Bakke, Jostein, Nesje, Atle, Giesen, Rianne H., Pearce, Danni M., Reinardy, Benedict T., Booth, Adam D., Hughes, Anna L. C., Boston, Clare M., Åkesson, Henning, Bakke, Jostein, Nesje, Atle, Giesen, Rianne H., and Pearce, Danni M.

Abstract

This study suggests that cold-ice processes may be more widespread than previously assumed, even within temperate glacial systems. We present the first systematic mapping of cold ice at the snout of the temperate glacier Midtdalsbreen, an outlet of the Hardangerjokulen icefield (Norway), from 43 line kilometres of ground-penetrating radar data. Results show a 40 m wide cold-ice zone within the majority of the glacier snout, where ice thickness is < 10 m. We interpret ice to be cold-based across this zone, consistent with basal freeze-on processes involved in the deposition of moraines. We also find at least two zones of cold ice up to 15 m thick within the ablation area, occasionally extending to the glacier bed. There are two further zones of cold ice up to 30 m thick in the accumulation area, also extending to the glacier bed. Cold-ice zones in the ablation area tend to correspond to areas of the glacier that are covered by late-lying seasonal snow patches that reoccur over multiple years. Subglacial topography and the location of the freezing isotherm within the glacier and underlying subglacial strata likely influence the transport and supply of supraglacial debris and formation of controlled moraines. The wider implication of this study is the possibility that, with continued climate warming, temperate environments with primarily temperate glaciers could become polythermal in forthcoming decades with (i) persisting thinning and (ii) retreat to higher altitudes where subglacial permafrost could be and/or become more widespread. Adversely, the number and size of late-lying snow patches in ablation areas may decrease and thereby reduce the extent of cold ice, reinforcing the postulated change in the thermal regime.

Published
2019
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33. Glaciological investigations in Norway 2011-2015

Author

Andreassen, Liss M., Elvehøy, Hallgeir, Jackson, Miriam, Kjøllmoen, Bjarne, Giesen, Rianne H., and Kjøllmoen, Bjarne

Subjects
Snø, Volumendring, Snøakkumulasjon, Massebalanse, Glasiologi
Abstract

Results of glaciological investigations performed at Norwegian glaciers in 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015 are presented in this report. The main part concerns mass balance investigations. Results from investigations of glacier length changes are discussed in a separate chapter.

Published
2016

36. Glaciological investigations in Norway in 2010

Author

Andreassen, Liss M., Elvehøy, Hallgeir, Jackson, Miriam, Kjøllmoen, Bjarne, Giesen, Rianne H., and Kjøllmoen, Bjarne

Subjects
Snø, Volumendring, Snøakkumulasjon, Massebalanse, Glasiologi
Abstract

Results of glaciological investigations performed at Norwegian glaciers in 2010 are presented in this report. The main part concerns mass balance investigations. Results from investigations of glacier length changes are discussed in a separate chapter.

Published
2011

37. Glaciological investigations in Norway in 2009

Author

Kjøllmoen, Bjarne, Andreassen, Liss M., Elvehøy, Hallgeir, Jackson, Miriam, and Giesen, Rianne H.

Subjects
Masseberegning, Massebalanse, Glasiologi, Isbreer
Abstract

Results of glaciological investigations performed at Norwegian glaciers in 2008 are presented in this report. The main part concerns mass balance investigations. Results from investigations of glacier length changes are discussed in a separate chapter

Published
2010

38. Glaciological investigations in Norway in 2008

Author

Andreassen, Liss M., Elvehøy, Hallgeir, Jackson, Miriam, Kjøllmoen, Bjarne, Giesen, Rianne H., Tvede, Arve M., and Kjøllmoen, Bjarne

Subjects
Snø, Volumendring, Snøakkumulasjon, Massebalanse, Glasiologi
Abstract

Results of glaciological investigations performed at Norwegian glaciers in 2008 are presented in this report. The main part concerns mass balance investigations. Results from investigations of glacier length changes are discussed in a separate chapter.

Published
2009

39. Glaciological investigations in Norway in 2007

Author

Andreassen, Liss M., Elvehøy, Hallgeir, Jackson, Miriam, Kjøllmoen, Bjarne, Giesen, Rianne H., Winkler, Stefan, and Kjøllmoen, Bjarne

Subjects
Snø, Volumendring, Snøakkumulasjon, Massebalanse, Glasiologi
Abstract

Results of glaciological investigations performed at Norwegian glaciers in 2007 are presented in this report. The main part concerns mass balance investigations. Results from investigations of glacier monitoring are discussed in a separate chapter.

Published
2008

40. Glaciological investigations in Norway in 2006

Author

Andreassen, Liss M., Elvehøy, Hallgeir, Jackson, Miriam, Kjøllmoen, Bjarne, Tvede, Arve M., Laumann, Tron, Giesen, Rianne H., and Kjøllmoen, Bjarne

Subjects
Snø, Volumendring, Snøakkumulasjon, Massebalanse, Glasiologi
Abstract

Results of glaciological investigations performed at Norwegian glaciers in 2006 are presented in this report. The main part concerns mass balance investigations. Results from investigations of glacier monitoring are discussed in a separate chapter.

Published
2007

41. Glaciological investigations in Norway in 2005

Author

Andreassen, Liss M., Engeset, Rune V., Elvehøy, Hallgeir, Jackson, Miriam, Kjøllmoen, Bjarne, Giesen, Rianne H., and Kjøllmoen, Bjarne

Subjects
Snø, Volumendring, Snøakkumulasjon, Massebalanse, Glasiologi
Abstract

Results of glaciological investigations performed at Norwegian glaciers in 2005 are presented in this report. The main part concerns mass balance investigations. Results from investigations of glacier monitoring are discussed in a separate chapter.

Published
2006

42. Surface energy balance in the ablation zone of Langfjordjøkelen, an arctic, maritime glacier in northern Norway

Author

Giesen, Rianne H., Andreassen, Liss M., Oerlemans, Johannes, van den Broeke, Michiel R., Giesen, Rianne H., Andreassen, Liss M., Oerlemans, Johannes, and van den Broeke, Michiel R.

Abstract

Glaciers in northern and southern Norway are subject to different daily and seasonal cycles of incoming solar radiation, which is presumably reflected in the importance of net solar radiation in their surface energy balance. We present a 3 year continuous record from an automatic weather station in the ablation zone of the ice cap Langfjordjøkelen, one of the most northerly glaciers of mainland Norway. Despite its location at 708 N, Langfjordjøkelen was found to have a maritime climate, with an annual mean air temperature of –1.08C, frequent cloud cover and end-of-winter snow depths over 3m in all three years. The main melt season was May–October, but occasional melt events occurred on warm, cloudy winter days. Net solar and longwave radiation together accounted for 58% of the melt energy, with a positive contribution by net longwave radiation (7%). The sensible and latent heat fluxes supplied the remainder of the melt energy. Cloud optical thickness over Langfjordjøkelen was larger than on two glaciers in southern Norway, especially in the summer months. This resulted in a smaller contribution of net solar radiation to surface melt on Langfjordjøkelen; the effect of the higher latitude on net solar radiation was found to be small.

Published
2014

47. GlacierMIP-A model intercomparison of global-scale glacier mass-balance models and projections

Author

Hock, Regine, Bliss, Andrew, Marzeion, Ben, Giesen, Rianne H., Hirabayashi, Yukiko, Huss, Matthias, Radic, Valentina, and Slangen, Aimée A.

Subjects
glacier modeling, 13. Climate action, glacier mass balance, mountain glaciers, ice and climate
Abstract

Global-scale 21st-century glacier mass change projections from six published global glacier models are systematically compared as part of the Glacier Model Intercomparison Project. In total 214 projections of annual glacier mass and area forced by 25 General Circulation Models (GCMs) and four Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) emission scenarios and aggregated into 19 glacier regions are considered. Global mass loss of all glaciers (outside the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets) by 2100 relative to 2015 averaged over all model runs varies from 18 ± 7% (RCP2.6) to 36 ± 11% (RCP8.5) corresponding to 94 ± 25 and 200 ± 44 mm sea-level equivalent (SLE), respectively. Regional relative mass changes by 2100 correlate linearly with relative area changes. For RCP8.5 three models project global rates of mass loss (multi-GCM means) of >3 mm SLE per year towards the end of the century. Projections vary considerably between regions, and also among the glacier models. Global glacier mass changes per degree global air temperature rise tend to increase with more pronounced warming indicating that mass-balance sensitivities to temperature change are not constant. Differences in glacier mass projections among the models are attributed to differences in model physics, calibration and downscaling procedures, initial ice volumes and varying ensembles of forcing GCMs., Journal of Glaciology, 65 (251), ISSN:0022-1430, ISSN:1727-5652

48. Copernicus Marine Service Ocean State Report, Issue 5

Author

von Schuckmann, Karina, Le Traon, Pierre-Yves, Smith, Neville, Pascual, Ananda, Djavidnia, Samuel, Gattuso, Jean-Pierre, Grégoire, Marilaure, Aaboe, Signe, Alari, Victor, Alexander, Brittany E., Alonso-Martirena, Andrés, Aydogdu, Ali, Azzopardi, Joel, Bajo, Marco, Barbariol, Francesco, Batistić, Mirna, Behrens, Arno, Ismail, Sana Ben, Benetazzo, Alvise, Bitetto, Isabella, Borghini, Mireno, Bray, Laura, Capet, Arthur, Carlucci, Roberto, Chatterjee, Sourav, Chiggiato, Jacopo, Ciliberti, Stefania, Cipriano, Giulia, Clementi, Emanuela, Cochrane, Paul, Cossarini, Gianpiero, D'Andrea, Lorenzo, Davison, Silvio, Down, Emily, Drago, Aldo, Druon, Jean-Noël, Engelhard, Georg, Federico, Ivan, Garić, Rade, Gauci, Adam, Gerin, Riccardo, Geyer, Gerhard, Giesen, Rianne, Good, Simon, Graham, Richard, Greiner, Eric, Gundersen, Kjell, Hélaouët, Pierre, Hendricks, Stefan, Heymans, Johanna J., Holt, Jason, Hure, Marijana, Juza, Mélanie, Kassis, Dimitris, Kellett, Paula, Knol-Kauffman, Maaike, Kountouris, Panagiotis, Kõuts, Marilii, Lagemaa, Priidik, Lavergne, Thomas, Legeais, Jean-François, Libralato, Simone, Lien, Vidar S., Lima, Leonardo, Lind, Sigrid, Liu, Ye, Macías, Diego, Maljutenko, Ilja, Mangin, Antoine, Männik, Aarne, Marinova, Veselka, Martellucci, Riccardo, Masnadi, Francesco, Mauri, Elena, Mayer, Michael, Menna, Milena, Meulders, Catherine, Møgster, Jane S., Monier, Maeva, Mork, Kjell Arne, Müller, Malte, Nilsen, Jan Even Øie, Notarstefano, Giulio, Oviedo, José L., Palerme, Cyril, Palialexis, Andreas, Panzeri, Diego, Pardo, Silvia, Peneva, Elisaveta, Pezzutto, Paolo, Pirro, Annunziata, Platt, Trevor, Poulain, Pierre-Marie, Prieto, Laura, Querin, Stefano, Rabenstein, Lasse, Raj, Roshin P., Raudsepp, Urmas, Reale, Marco, Renshaw, Richard, Ricchi, Antonio, Ricker, Robert, Rikka, Sander, Ruiz, Javier, Russo, Tommaso, Sanchez, Jorge, Santoleri, Rosalia, Sathyendranath, Shubha, Scarcella, Giuseppe, Schroeder, Katrin, Sparnocchia, Stefania, Spedicato, Maria Teresa, Stanev, Emil, Staneva, Joanna, Stocker, Alexandra, Stoffelen, Ad, Teruzzi, Anna, Townhill, Bryony, Uiboupin, Rivo, Valcheva, Nadejda, Vandenbulcke, Luc, Vindenes, Håvard, Vrgoč, Nedo, Wakelin, Sarah, and Zupa, Walter

Subjects
14. Life underwater
Abstract

Copernicus Marine Service Ocean State Report, Issue 5

49. Copernicus Marine Service Ocean State Report, Issue 5

Author

von Schuckmann, Karina, Le Traon, Pierre-Yves, Smith, Neville, Pascual, Ananda, Djavidnia, Samuel, Gattuso, Jean-Pierre, Grégoire, Marilaure, Aaboe, Signe, Alari, Victor, Alexander, Brittany E., Alonso-Martirena, Andrés, Aydogdu, Ali, Azzopardi, Joel, Bajo, Marco, Barbariol, Francesco, Batistić, Mirna, Behrens, Arno, Ismail, Sana Ben, Benetazzo, Alvise, Bitetto, Isabella, Borghini, Mireno, Bray, Laura, Capet, Arthur, Carlucci, Roberto, Chatterjee, Sourav, Chiggiato, Jacopo, Ciliberti, Stefania, Cipriano, Giulia, Clementi, Emanuela, Cochrane, Paul, Cossarini, Gianpiero, D'Andrea, Lorenzo, Davison, Silvio, Down, Emily, Drago, Aldo, Druon, Jean-Noël, Engelhard, Georg, Federico, Ivan, Garić, Rade, Gauci, Adam, Gerin, Riccardo, Geyer, Gerhard, Giesen, Rianne, Good, Simon, Graham, Richard, Greiner, Eric, Gundersen, Kjell, Hélaouët, Pierre, Hendricks, Stefan, Heymans, Johanna J., Holt, Jason, Hure, Marijana, Juza, Mélanie, Kassis, Dimitris, Kellett, Paula, Knol-Kauffman, Maaike, Kountouris, Panagiotis, Kõuts, Marilii, Lagemaa, Priidik, Lavergne, Thomas, Legeais, Jean-François, Libralato, Simone, Lien, Vidar S., Lima, Leonardo, Lind, Sigrid, Liu, Ye, Macías, Diego, Maljutenko, Ilja, Mangin, Antoine, Männik, Aarne, Marinova, Veselka, Martellucci, Riccardo, Masnadi, Francesco, Mauri, Elena, Mayer, Michael, Menna, Milena, Meulders, Catherine, Møgster, Jane S., Monier, Maeva, Mork, Kjell Arne, Müller, Malte, Nilsen, Jan Even Øie, Notarstefano, Giulio, Oviedo, José L., Palerme, Cyril, Palialexis, Andreas, Panzeri, Diego, Pardo, Silvia, Peneva, Elisaveta, Pezzutto, Paolo, Pirro, Annunziata, Platt, Trevor, Poulain, Pierre-Marie, Prieto, Laura, Querin, Stefano, Rabenstein, Lasse, Raj, Roshin P., Raudsepp, Urmas, Reale, Marco, Renshaw, Richard, Ricchi, Antonio, Ricker, Robert, Rikka, Sander, Ruiz, Javier, Russo, Tommaso, Sanchez, Jorge, Santoleri, Rosalia, Sathyendranath, Shubha, Scarcella, Giuseppe, Schroeder, Katrin, Sparnocchia, Stefania, Spedicato, Maria Teresa, Stanev, Emil, Staneva, Joanna, Stocker, Alexandra, Stoffelen, Ad, Teruzzi, Anna, Townhill, Bryony, Uiboupin, Rivo, Valcheva, Nadejda, Vandenbulcke, Luc, Vindenes, Håvard, Vrgoč, Nedo, Wakelin, Sarah, and Zupa, Walter

Subjects
14. Life underwater
Abstract

Copernicus Marine Service Ocean State Report, Issue 5

50. GlacierMIP – A model intercomparison of global-scale glacier mass-balance models and projections

Author

Hock, Regine, Bliss, Andrew, Marzeion, Ben, Giesen, Rianne H., Hirabayashi, Yukiko, Huss, Matthias, Radić, Valentina, Slangen, Aimée B. A., Hock, Regine, Bliss, Andrew, Marzeion, Ben, Giesen, Rianne H., Hirabayashi, Yukiko, Huss, Matthias, Radić, Valentina, and Slangen, Aimée B. A.

Abstract

Global-scale 21st-century glacier mass change projections from six published global glacier models are systematically compared as part of the Glacier Model Intercomparison Project. In total 214 projections of annual glacier mass and area forced by 25 General Circulation Models (GCMs) and four Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) emission scenarios and aggregated into 19 glacier regions are considered. Global mass loss of all glaciers (outside the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets) by 2100 relative to 2015 averaged over all model runs varies from 18 ± 7% (RCP2.6) to 36 ± 11% (RCP8.5) corresponding to 94 ± 25 and 200 ± 44 mm sea-level equivalent (SLE), respectively. Regional relative mass changes by 2100 correlate linearly with relative area changes. For RCP8.5 three models project global rates of mass loss (multi-GCM means) of >3 mm SLE per year towards the end of the century. Projections vary considerably between regions, and also among the glacier models. Global glacier mass changes per degree global air temperature rise tend to increase with more pronounced warming indicating that mass-balance sensitivities to temperature change are not constant. Differences in glacier mass projections among the models are attributed to differences in model physics, calibration and downscaling procedures, initial ice volumes and varying ensembles of forcing GCMs.

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