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La iglesia de la Virgen de Sales se encuentra en la localidad de Sueca, al sur de Valencia. La proximidad del antiguo molino arrocero del Pasiego y de la acequia Mayor, que discurre enterrada a apenas 6 m. de la fachada norte de la iglesia, están afectando a la estabilidad de la iglesia y por tanto provocando daños a su estructura. Con el objeto de determinar el estado de degradación de la cúpula y la afección del resto de la iglesia, se ha procedido a realizar un levantamiento gráfico mediante escáner láser 3D, que servirá de base para la redacción del proyecto de intervención. A lo largo de la presente comunicación se mostrará la metodología de trabajo seguida en la digitalización y documentación de la iglesia, así como se mostrará información relevante, tanto métrica como de su estado actual.

Actualmente, los levantamientos del patrimonio arquitectónico y arqueológico pasan necesariamente por la obtención de una réplica digital 3D de gran exactitud gráfica y fotográfica. A partir de este clon digital podemos obtener los distintos documentos gráficos, tanto para el análisis del bien como para el desarrollo del proyecto arquitectónico de conservación, restauración, intervención o puesta en valor. Sin embargo, los productos obtenidos son dispares y tanto los equipos redactores como las administraciones públicas que licitan estos proyectos, necesitan la determinación de estándares de calidad y su clasificación, para poder solicitar y evaluar estas capturas masivas de datos. A continuación, se presenta el estado del arte de un proyecto de investigación en curso, que tiene como objeto determinar dichos estándares. Trataremos de enumerar qué grupos de investigación están avanzando en el ámbito de la digitalización del patrimonio, y las experiencias previas de establecimiento de estándares.

[EN] The research presented here puts together different direct and/or physical operations all aimed to enhance the knowledge and produce advanced dissemination of the very last ship from the “Mosquitos’ Fleet” which operated during the World War I and in some operations even during the World War II. The exploration of the valuable remains along the Thames River in London, the intervention with archaeology strategy, the use of digital survey procedures, the investigation of the references about the fleet, the digital modelling and drawing and the final online sharing of the 3D model, brought together to a specific digital heritage creation of an element with a high risk of getting lost. An international team worked together on the poor shipwreck of the Eothen (the last name assigned to this ship by its last owner). The intervention was operated in very odd operative conditions, with the hull invaded by the mud, the very wet environment and the daily flood of the area, such a mix of difficult conditions were a special challenge for the survey operations, which were optimized and accurately planned to allow the best and efficient result in terms of coverage and level of details. The following post-processing aimed to the production of a classic set of 2D drawings and an interactive 3D model, accessible in a real-time visualization from the sketchfab.com platform creates an excellent base for a possible following restoration/musealisation intervention, or, at least, allow digital preservation of a rich dataset of the remains of this interesting piece from the naval history of the first half of the 20th century., [ES] La investigación que aquí se muestra reúne diferentes operaciones directas y/o físicas, todas orientadas a mejorar el conocimiento y producir una puesta en valor del último barco de la “Flota de Mosquitos” que operó durante la Primera Guerra Mundial y en algunas operaciones incluso durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Presentamos la exploración de los valiosos restos a lo largo del río Támesis en Londres, la intervención con estrategia arqueológica, el uso de procedimientos de levantamiento digital, la investigación de las referencias sobre la embarcación, el modelado y dibujo digital, y el intercambio final en línea del modelo 3D, reunidos en una aportación de patrimonio digital específico de un elemento con alto riesgo de perderse. Un equipo internacional , trabajaron juntos en el naufragio del Eothen (nombre asignado a este barco por su último propietario). La toma de datos se realizó en condiciones operativas muy complejas, con el casco invadido por el limo del rio, el entorno muy húmedo y la inundación diaria de la zona; esta mezcla de condiciones difíciles fueron un desafío especial para llevar a cabo las operaciones de levantamiento, las cuales fueron optimizadas con el objetivo de obtener el mejor y más eficiente resultado en términos de cobertura y nivel de detalle. El siguiente posprocesamiento estuvo dirigido a la obtención de un conjunto clásico de dibujos 2D, así como de un modelo 3D interactivo, accesible en una visualización en tiempo real desde la plataforma Sketchfab.com. Así se ha creado una base excelente para una posible intervención posterior de restauración/musealización, o, al menos, para obtener la preservación digital de un rico conjunto de datos de los restos de esta interesante pieza de la historia naval, de la primera mitad del siglo XX.

[EN] This article is presented after ten years of research on the earthen architecture of southeastern Morocco, more specifically that of the natural axis connecting the cities of Midelt and Er-Rachidia, located North and South of the Moroccan northern High Atlas. The typology studied is called ksar (ksour, pl.). Throughout various research projects, we have been able to explore this territory, documenting in field sheets the characteristics of a total of 30 ksour in the Outat valley, 20 in the mountain range and 53 in the Mdagra oasis. The objective of the present work is to analyze, through qualitative and quantitative data, the main characteristics of this vernacular architecture as a perfect example of an environmentally respectful habitat, obtaining concrete data on its traditional character and its sustainability. The methodology followed is based on case studies and, as a result, we have obtained a typological classification of the ksour of this region and their relationship with the territory, as well as the social, functional, defensive, productive, and building characteristics that define them. Knowing and puttin in value this vernacular heritage is the first step towards protecting it and to show our commitment to future generations.

[EN] Urban art or street art, known worldwide as graffiti , has become a form of expression, which often has a great visual impact, and now is being part of the image of almost all cities. The majority of these manifestations are carried out illegally, and they consist of a combination of seemingly disjointed texts, whose main aim is to achieve a sensory distraction, a revolutionary or an anti-system act, instead of having an artistic purpose itself. However, there are other graffiti works that can be considered as masterpieces, since they have an artistic value that is comparable to any piece of art. Another distinctive aspect of graffiti works is its temporary character, so they are ephemeral and non-conservable pieces, since they are exposed to the climate elements. On the one hand, this fact is not necessarily a problem for the vast majority of graffiti, but, in the case of a graffiti masterpiece, it is undeniable that this distinctive feature of mutability, which is an intrinsic part of its artistic objective, should not avoid its correct documentation as a work of art. As its material transience has to be respected, at least, we should document them to preserve its memory and to create a graphic database of urban art masterpieces for future diffusion on other media. The main aim of this contribution is to show different photographic methodologies for the documentation of graffiti on architectural supports. These methodologies have been tested, analysed and evaluated, establishing a suitability criteria according to the conditions in which the works are placed. Finally, some conclusions will be drawn on the di¿erent documentation methodologies for these urban artworks, which are often photographed both in their sequence and in their ¿nal art, without having an adequate architectural graphic record.

[EN] In the city of Valencia (Spain), domes covered by blue-glazed roofing tiles are common, but there is one that stands out above all others; the dome of the Escuelas Pias, one of the largest single-shell domes of Christianity. This dome is pending repair due to the appearance of large cracks. The present contribution aims to take us closer to the construction of the dome. By following a historical trajectory, we broaden its formal analysis providing a constructive approach that determines some factors on which some questions and controversies have been raised. Thus, we intend to solve these issues and others based on the results obtained from a high-precision graphic survey carried out by the authors. Based on the analysis of this graphic survey, new contributions regarding to its current morphology and the construction system used will be facilitated, revealing some unknowns that enable the understanding of its structural functioning and its constructive technology.

[EN] The Mdagra Oasis is located in the province of Er-Rachidia, in southern Morocco. The objective of this contribution is to present an unparalleled inventory of the ksour existing in that oasis, the result of several years of study and field exploration. During the Saadi period (16th century), this area of the Ziz basin was a compulsory stop for traders on the route of caravans crossing the High Atlas. Later, during the Alauita period, the area was consolidated, and for more than 400 years many important cities were constructed using rammed earth, as Ksar es Souq or Sidi Bou Abdellah Ksar. This is how the oasis came to have an important community integrated by Berbers, Arabs and Jews. Today, most of the oasis¿ ksour are abandoned for different reasons and remain in a state of advanced ruin. Through fieldwork, we have been able to identify, record, analyze and classify 53 earthen human settlements, providing an unprecedented study of all of them. Subsequently, a first typological classification was proposed based on aspects such as the implementation in the territory, the external morphology, the urban organization, or the occupation area. The ultimate goal was to document this rammed earth, at-risk heritage since we have witnessed its rapid degradation, and even disappearance in some cases, throughout this investigation.

[EN] The defence project of the coast of the Kingdom of Valencia was consolidated during the 16th century. The project, designed by Antonelli, envisaged a total of 53 towers. At this time, the new cartographic discoveries and scientific breakthroughs favored the production of maps. In 1584, Abraham Ortelius published the first map of the Kingdom of Valencia, which included some of the watchtowers cited by Antonelli. During the 16th to 18th centuries, watchtowers were also included in other Spanish authors' maps, adding the toponym and graphically describing their evolution and presence. On a smaller scale, they also appear in plans destined for civil works, in which they acquire greater representation. Throughout the research project TOrres de VIgia y defensa del litoral VAlenciano, TOVIVA (Ref: HAR2013-41859-P), sponsored by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of the Government of Spain, these towers were documented, the main drawback being their material identification. The fact that there does not exist a unique tower model, together with factors such as subsequent interven¿ ons that have altered their status; the lack of the material remains, due to not being finally executed or because they were demolished or absorbed by the advance of the coastline; and the toponymical changes that have been accumulating throughout history, are just some of the factors that have hampered its characterization. In this manuscript, we review the most relevant historical cartography of the Modern Age through the representa¿ on of the Valencian watchtowers, emphasizing its graphics and formal and spatial reliability.

[EN] Morocco has a vernacular architectural heritage of recognized value, which constitutes an indissoluble part of its cultural legacy. In the south of the country, specifically in the High Atlas mountain range and the pre-Saharan oases, we mainly find earth constructions of an incomparable landscape integration and plasticity. However, the political and social changes of the last decades are favoring the abandonment of these constructions, placing many of them at risk of disappearing. The objective of this contribution is to reveal the characteristics and weaknesses that the new constructions present today. The method used has consisted in analyzing the preservation actions that are being carried out, both by the Moroccan public administration and by private individuals, including those developed by the authors through documentation, cataloging, virtualization, and restoration.

[ES] La investigación se desarrolla en el valle del M¿Goun, al Sur del Alto Atlas marroquí. El obje- tivo es mostrar los resultados del estudio de tres ejemplos de kasbahs, que a modo de sonda fue- ron elegidos para documentar este importante corpus arquitectónico. El estudio y análisis de sus morfologías, a través de diversos métodos de le- vantamiento gráfico, nos ha llevado a interpretar y formular hipótesis de cómo fueron en su origen. En la elección de los modelos se tuvo presente el estado de conservación y uso actual, así como su lejanía a los grandes centros poblacionales, en donde las influencias externas son menores. Nuestra investigación se sitúa en Bou Tharar, Is- soumar y Amejgag, en donde se encuentran las kasbahs: Ait Aicha, Ait Boussake y el ¿Guardián del Agua¿., [EN] The research takes place in the M¿Goun Valley, south of the Moroccan High Atlas. The objective is to show the results of the study performed on three examples of kasbahs, which as a pilot were chosen to document this important architectural corpus. The study and analysis of their morphologies through various graphical surveying methods has allowed us to interpret and formulate hypotheses regarding how they were in their original state. When choosing the models, their current conservation and use status were taken into account, as well as their distance to large population centers, where external influences are lesser. Our research focuses on Bou Tharar, Issoumar and Amejgag, where the Ait Aicha, Ait Boussake and ¿The Water Guardian¿ kasbahs are found.

The Albufera de Valencia is an extensive lake separated from the Mediterranean sea by a strip of sand. The existence of fresh water, the presence of population, the situation of the old salt flats and the easy access to its interior, through the neck of the Albufera, turned into a place coveted by the pirates. The cruel attacks on the coast of Cullera in the fifteenth century, led to the search for funding to install defense mechanisms in this part of the coast, which built two towers. This paper will show an approximation to its original geographical location, its strategic importance and its function. The study starts from documentary sources and shows through the investigation of the graphic and cartographic sources to the formal knowledge of both towers.

[EN] For years we have approached the architectural heritage through the traditional drawings, based on data collection taken from sketches and point to point measurements; however, today we can rely on different systems that make necessary to consider not only the phases of the elevation but the methodology to follow, constituting in itself a study that needs to be addressed from the knowledge of advanced data collection techniques. Thus we must analyze what is special about the work and what are our research needs, which will give rise to a list of products to be obtained and will result in a number of plans to scale, photogrammetries, 3D models, pictures and videos. Only then will we obtain the appropriate methodology which may include traditional direct surveys, photogrammetric surveys (2D correction, 3D restitution), 3D laser scans, drones, photographs, spherical panoramic photographs, video, etc. In the present communication we describe the process followed in determining the methodology that is being carried out in the elevation of a building corpus that presents special characteristics due to the diversity of geographical locations and the dimensions and materials used, as well as its conservation status.

[EN] The Grau Vell tower, located in the municipality of Sagunto, is a part of a defensive group developed between the XVI and XVIII centuries for protecting and defending the coast of the Valencian Kingdom. The geographic features of the place and the Confirmation in 1459 of Grau as the unique harbor to ship products of Murviedro, are the key of the election this place as strategic, documental and graphic point to analyze the real state of the tower and the battery. The work methodology is based on photogrammetric draws of the set as the base of constructive analyzing and its materials. The results allow us to determine the current state of the set and they will give us information to contrast with coastal towers.