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Entranco conducted archaeological testing at AZ U:10:122 (ASM) and AZ U:10:123 (ASM) during October and November 2000. The testing was done to assess the eligibility of the two sites for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). The project was completed at the request of the Arizona Department of Transportation prior to the proposed construction of the Red Mountain Freeway Gilbert Road to Higley Road segment, which will impact both AZ U:10:122 (ASM) and AZ U:10:123 (ASM). Testing including mapping, limited surface collection, and the excavation of hand units and backhoe trenches. Preliminary results of testing indicate that AZ U:10:122 consists of 32 rock features and a dispersed artifact scatter. Cultural materials at AZ U.122 (ASM) are limited to the surface with no subsurface artifacts present. Subsurface testing at AZ U:10:123 (ASM) identified two pithouses, three pits, and an area of cultural fill containing fire-cracked rock, charcoal, and burned organic material. Artifacts from both sites are of Hohokam manufacture; ceramics tentatively date AZ U:10:123 (ASM) to the Hohokam Sedentary-Classic period transition. Temporal information is not available from the limited ceramic collection at AZ U:10:122 (ASM). Based on the results of testing, AZ U:10:122 (ASM) appears to have limited information potential, and is not considered to be eligible for inclusion in the NRHP. The results of testing indicate that AZ U:10:123 (ASM) has the potential to contribute to further information regarding prehistoric use of the Salt river Valley, and it is considered to be eligible for inclusion in the NRHP. No further work is recommended for AZ U:10:122 (ASM); however data recovery investigations are recommended for AZ U:10:123 (ASM) to mitigate potential impacts from construction of the Red Mountain Freeway.

Between March 5th and April 20th, 1985, archaeologists from the Cultural Resources Management Division of New Mexico State University (NMSU) conducted an archaeological clearance survey of all lands along the proposed right-of-way of the All American Pipeline Project (AAPL) between Highway 77 near Oracle, Arizona to a point 145 miles to the west. The survey was directed by David G. Batcho; Judy Brunson was field supervisor. Field crew size varied between 4 and 8 persons. This survey was carried out under BLM Cultural Resource Use Permit number A-20624, and Arizona State Antiquities permit number 85-27. The following report is very preliminary and serves as an interim report concerning the cultural resources discovered in the first 145 mile "spread" of the AAPL project in Arizona. This report contains an inventory of the resources found, a brief description of them, and their recommended treatment. No in-depth analysis of the cultural material found has been done nor have these sites been considered within any broader geographical context. A more thoroughly descriptive and analytical account of these sites will be presented in the report to be prepared upon the completion of the AAPL survey in Arizona, in accordance with the recently signed Memorandum of Agreement between AAPL, BLM, and the SHPO’s of Arizona, California, New Mexico, and Texas. This record contains a draft report.

Archaeological Consulting Services (ACS) conducted an archaeological survey of two major Arizona river crossings along the proposed route of the All-American Pipeline at the request of Dr. Ed Weil, Cultural Resources Manager, Applied Conservation Technology (ACT). ACT is coordinating the entire cultural resource effort along this proposed pipeline from the Gulf of Mexico to the Pacific Ocean and has subcontracted with ACS to undertake the Arizona portion of the route. Because the placement of the river crossings is important in determining the location of the line, and because they are located on private land, they were surveyed at an early stage in the project's development. The two crossings, one on the Gila River and the other on the San Pedro River, are over 100 miles apart and present very different cultural resource situations, thus they will be treated separately. This record contains a draft report.

Two sites, one prehistoric and one historic, situated northwest of Phoenix and in the south-central part of Arizona, are discussed. Limited field excavation and archival research reveal that the historic site, the Marinette Canal (NA18,267), built in 1910, may have been fed by well water, local runoff, and the seasonal flow of the Agua Fria River. It heads along Calderwood Butte and extends almost 10 km southward toward the present community of Sun City, Arizona. The prehistoric site, the Eastwing site, is a late Colonial-early Sedentary Hohokam village situated across an old stream terrace of the lower Agua Fria River Valley. This site was initially established and subsequently maintained by cultivating corn in an adjacent akchin field and exploiting a wide variety of locally available biotic and abiotic resources. The abandonment of this agricultural village is hypothesized to correlate with a climatic shift to xeric conditions and a corresponding emphasis on canal irrigation systems, which characterize the agricultural activity of the northern Salt River Valley between about A.D. 1000 and A.D. 1250.