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Background: Prostate carcinoma is a histologically demarcated pathology, that mainly manifest with silent clinical features which expresses itself as the disease progresses to advance level. Prostate carcinoma has been the 2nd most common type of carcinoma in male and the most common histological pattern of prostate carcinoma is adenocarcinoma. The diagnosis of prostate carcinoma is the most crucial stage of the pathology which is most accurately diagnosed through histopathological analysis but equal accurate diagnosis can be achieved through DWI MRI grading known as PIRAD grading which not only diagnose the stage of carcinoma but also elaborates the anatomical zones of designated carcinomic cell in the prostate gland. Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging for prostatic carcinoma taking histopathology as gold standard. Materials and methods: The duration of study was from 01 march 2019 to 01 Dec 2020 at Lahore General Hospital, Pakistan. A retrospective cross-sectional study included 114 patients which were admitted to Radiology department with provisional diagnosis of prostate carcinoma along with the associated clinical manifestations. The patients were chosen through convenient sampling technique. Results: According to our results the PSA found in prostate cancer was recorded to be maximum around 56.40 ng/mL and minimum to be around 3.45 ng/mL among 115 patients. The Gleason score reported in our study was an around the following figures, the most frequent cases of prostate carcinoma has been reported with Gleason score 7(3+4) to be around 45 patients (39.5%) cases out of 115 patients and around 25 cases (21.9%) was reported in the Gleason score 6 (3+3). And the Gleason score 8(4+4) and 9(5+4) was reported with 18 (15.8%) and 20(17.5%) cases out of 115 patients. According to our study we divided the statistics around high, very high, low, very low and intermediate along with normal. The patients with minimal invasion and low recurrence of prostate cancer. According to our results the DOR of prostate carcinoma on DWIMRI was found to be around the figures of the following categories such as sensitivity was found to be around 91.21% and specificity was found to be around the figures of 47.83% along with the disease prevalence of around 79.82% with the positive predictive value of 87.37% and negative predictive value of 57.89% which statistically deduced the DOR of prostate carcinoma to be around 82.46%. Conclusion: The study concluded that PIRAD grading has significant diagnostic credibility to detect not only the stage of prostatic carcinoma but also has equal accuracy to detect the region of invasion of prostatic carcinomic cells to not only gives the diagnostic information as accurate as histopathological analysis but also helps the medical practitioner to devise the management plan for the patient for better prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To assess carpal tunnel syndrome on ultrasound in 3rd trimester of pregnancy at Iftikhar Ultrasound Center, Toba Tek Singh in 9 months after the approval of synopsis by the Ethical Review Committee of The University of Lahore, Lahore. Material & Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was performed. All patients who were inquired regarding the variables like diabetes, gestational age, hypertension and generalized edema of the wrist joint were included in our study. Wrist joint Ultrasound was performed of each patient in sitting position on grey scale. All variables mentioned-above for each patient were recorded and maintained in their individual Case Record Form (CRF). Statistical Package SPSS version 24.0 was used for the evaluation of the data and compilation of results. Results: Total no of 80 pregnant patients were taken having CTS. The age ranging of these patients was from 26-35 years. 29 patients (36.3%) had CTS in the right hand and 27 patients 33.8% presented with left hand Carpal tunnel syndrome. 39 patients have the history of hypertension and 29 patients out of 80 were diabetic. 17 patients had left hand generalized edema and 13 patients had right sided generalized edema. Median nerve diameter of the right hand was recorded from minimum 11mm to the maximum 19mm, and in the left hand it was 10-20mm. the gestational age of the fetus in the females suffering from CTS was from 108 days to 142 days. Conclusion: Most previous research indicated linked CTS during the third trimester of pregnancy, and limited investigation was found to explore CTS explanation in early pregnant patients. To avoid permanent damage to the median nerve, CTS should be explored in hand-paresthesia pregnant women. A full diagnostic evaluation, including electrophysiological testing, should be done. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Acute scrotal pain is most commonly caused by testicular torsion, torsion of the appendix testis, epididymitis and orchitis. Its complications can be diagnosed on Ultrasound and histopathology for surgical procedures. Objective: To find out the diagnostic accuracy of color Doppler ultrasound for the diagnosis of painful scrotal by taking histopathology as the gold standard. Methodology: It was across-sectional observational study conducted on 141 patients of scrotal masses that fulfilling inclusion criteria selected from Gondal Medical Complex Gujranwala. Informed consent was obtained from all the patients. All patients were scanned on Toshiba Nemio 20 series with 11MHz biconvex and linear transducers. Diagnostic accuracy was determined by comparing it with the findings of histopathology by taking histopathology as the gold standard. Results: In this study, the mean age of patients was 37.0 ± 11.58 years. All the patients were subjected to histopathology. Amongst them 61 (43.3%) patients had positive results and 80(56.74%) patients were diagnosed negative. On Color Doppler ultrasonography, 64 (45.4%) patients had positive, while 77(54.6%) negative findings. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of Doppler sonography were 70.49%, 73.75%, 67.19% and 76.62% respectively. This study showed that the overall diagnostic accuracy of Doppler ultrasonography was 72.34%. Conclusion: Doppler ultrasonography can be reliably being used to detect painful scrotal. Doppler ultrasound is an effective and non-invasive technique as a primary diagnostic tool to get rid of excessive surgery burden. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]