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The Rapid Additive Forging (RAF) process is a Direct Energy Deposition (DED) Additive Manufacturing (AM) process, based on the deposition of a Titanium alloy on a substrate plate. This process has been developed for the production of Titanium parts of aeronautic components. In this study, a Finite Element (FE) numerical simulation methodology has been established to perform a fast analysis of the RAF process, including full 3D-transient thermal-metallurgical and mechanical numerical simulations. Thus, residual stresses and distortions caused by the process can be estimated. Different modelling strategies have been compared in order to find a balance between computation time and accuracy. Analyses include the effects of phase transformations in the Titanium alloy. First analyses have been performed on a simple geometry of welding wall. The influences of the material activation modelling strategy on the thermal and mechanical results have been investigated. The effects of phase transformations on residual stresses and distortions are also discussed. Then a specimen with a more complex geometry has been considered in the analysis, including the effect of different deposition paths. A full 3D simulation of the whole deposition process has been compared with several simplified computation procedures, including a reduction of the number of layers considered in the simulation.

X-linked centronuclear myopathy (XLMTM), also called myotubular myopathy, is a severe congenital myopathy characterized by generalized hypotonia and weakness at birth and the typical histological finding of centralization of myo-nuclei. It is caused by mutations in the MTM1 gene encoding the 3-phosphoinositides phosphatase myotubularin. Mutations in dynamin 2 and amphiphysin 2 genes lead to autosomal forms of centronuclear myopathy (CNM). While XLMTM is the most frequent and severe form of CNM, no mutations are found in about 30% of patients by sequencing all MTM1 exons. Moreover, the impact of MTM1 sequence variants is sometimes difficult to assess. It is thus important to devise a complete molecular diagnostic strategy that includes analysis of the myotubularin transcript and protein expression. We therefore developed novel antibodies against human myotubularin and showed that they are able to detect the endogenous protein by direct Western blot from muscle samples and from cultured cells. In conjunction with RT-PCR analysis we validated the consequences of missense and splice mutations on transcript integrity and protein level. We also detected and characterized a novel deep intronic mutation consisting of a single nucleotide change that induces exonisation of a conserved intronic sequence. Patients with centronuclear myopathy and no molecular diagnosis should be investigated for MTM1 defects at the cDNA and protein level.

Duval Gilles. Un florilege de prefaces de John Dunton : impostures accumulees ou revelation multiforme ?. In: XVII-XVIII. Revue de la societe d'etudes anglo-americaines des XVIIe et XVIIIe siecles. N°65, 2008. Les Formes de la Seduction [Colloque tenu en Sorbonne les 17-19 janvier 2008] pp. 255-279.

John Dunton is worthy of careful study both for his personality and his experiments as an author and a bookseller in a market that was no longer ruled by patrons but by the public. Though an eccentric, the whimsical founder of the Athenian Mercury typified the major trends of a time that innovated on all fronts, not only in fiction and periodicals but in the book trade as a whole. In his peculiar way he paved the way for many later developments., Duval Gilles. John Dunton (libraire et auteur, 1659-1733) ou la versatilité. In: XVII-XVIII. Bulletin de la société d'études anglo-américaines des XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles. N°50, 2000. pp. 209-218.

Duval Gilles. Londres, 1620-1800 : le triomphe des médiateurs culturels?. In: XVII-XVIII. Bulletin de la société d'études anglo-américaines des XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles. N°46, 1998. pp. 35-51.

Duval Gilles. Les illustrations des Cheap Repository Tracts dans leur contexte. In: XVII-XVIII. Bulletin de la société d'études anglo-américaines des XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles. N°44, 1997. pp. 165-187.

Duval Gilles. Les figures bibliques dans la littérature de colportage anglaise. In: Revue d’histoire moderne et contemporaine, tome 43 N°3, Juillet-septembre 1996. pp. 422-445.

The CREM gene encodes the transcriptional repressor ICER, which has been implicated in the molecular mechanisms controlling circadian rhythms in mammals. ICER is rhythmically expressed in the pineal gland, with peak levels occurring at night. ICER levels are regulated by light by means of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN); transcription is induced during darkness by adrenergic input to the pineal gland from the SCN, which activates the ICER promoter using cyclic AMP and the transcriptional activator CREB. This induction is transient because ICER represses its own transcription. Here we show that the response of the CREM gene to adrenergic stimulation is determined by night length. Depending on the photoperiod of the prior entraining cycles, the CREM gene is either subsensitive or supersensitive to induction. This differential responsiveness is controlled by the changing balance between positive (CREB) and negative (ICER) transcriptional regulators. Thus, the transcriptional response of the CREM gene is determined by the memory of past photoperiods.

Duval Gilles. Jonathan C. D. Clark, English Society 1660-1832 : Religion, Ideology and Politics During the Ancien Régime. In: XVII-XVIII. Bulletin de la société d'études anglo-américaines des XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles. N°52, 2001. pp. 304-306.

Gilles Duval : Hannah More, the Revolution and popular literature. From 1795 onwards, Hannah More and a group of friends tried to counteract the influence of Thomas Paine and of traditional chapbooks by publishing more "wholesome" fare, the Cheap Repository Tracts. They were intended to replace popular literature by retaining its form and human interest while changing its content. But this was never achieved and on the whole the lower classes seem to have rejected the CRT., Duval Gilles. Hannah More : 1789 : une révolution pour la littérature de colportage ?. In: Dix-huitième Siècle, n°28, 1996. L'Orient. pp. 277-288.

Duval, Gilles : Word and Image in 18th and 19th century popular literature. Towards a greater diversification. This study of chap books and ballads in the Georgian and Victorian ages shows that, despite the conservative taste of most readers, a growing diversification is perceptible in the production of most of the publishers specializing in this kind of literature., Duval Gilles. Texte et illustration dans la littérature populaire des 18e et 19e siècles : vers la diversification accélérée. In: Interfaces. Image-Texte-Langage 7, 1995. pp. 49-62.

A la fois fameux, infâmes et meconnus, Crouch, Dunton et Gent embrassent le XVIIIe siecle. Ordinaires par leur activite et extraordinaires par leur personnalite, ils accumulent les paradoxes, du moins en apparence. Ils se livrent a toutes sortes d’activites, avec plus ou moins de succes, comme auteurs ou compilateurs, imprimeurs et editeurs, ou «libraires», selon la terminologie de l’epoque. Ces intermediaires culturels arrivent parfois non seulement a se faire accepter, mais aussi a reconcilier les contraires dans un marche qui manifeste la mise en vedette extreme de ses acteurs principaux, les libraires. Ils revelent les regles et les interdits d’un marche desormais regule non par les mecenes mais par le public, et qui s’avere a la fois segmente et homogene. Ils devoilent aussi les strategies diversifiees qui s’offraient aux Londoniens et aux provinciaux ambitieux.

Duval Gilles. Qu'est-ce qu'un "chapbook" populaire ?. In: XVII-XVIII. Bulletin de la société d'études anglo-américaines des XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles. N°18, 1984. pp. 91-102.

Duval Gilles, Stephenson Richard. Images d'un peuple: quelques aspects du marché de la gravure en Angleterre au XVIIIe siècle. In: Revue d’histoire moderne et contemporaine, tome 34 N°1, Janvier-mars 1987. pp. 117-122.

Duval Gilles. History-Histories : mémoire et création dans la littérature de colportage anglaise du XVIIIe siècle. In: Mémoire et création dans le monde anglo-américain aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles. Actes du Colloque - Société d'études anglo-américaines des 17e et 18e siècles, 1983. pp. 111-123.

Gilles Duval : The themes of the Diceys' popular prints. The two Dicey catalogues (ca. 1760) and the Bowles and Carver prints (ca. 1780) are typical of popular illustrations of the period. They show a preference for awesome and pathetic biblical scenes, portraits of selected English monarchs and of victorious and/or pathetic generals or admirals. The documents also testify to a fascination for public figures, criminals, singers, acrobats, etc. All these coexist with 'genre' scenes, monuments and traditional satirical scenes. Although diverse, the subjects are often underpinned by the twin patterns of the 'Wheel of Fortune' and 'The World turned upside-down'., Duval Gilles. Les thèmes des images populaires chez les Dicey. In: Dix-huitième Siècle, n°14, 1982. Au tournant des Lumières : 1780-1820. pp. 263-276.

Duval Gilles. La femme dans tous ses états : aspects de la littérature de colportage anglaise du XVIIIe siècle. In: XVII-XVIII. Bulletin de la société d'études anglo-américaines des XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles. N°20, 1985. Féminin Pluriel, sous la direction de Michèle S. Plaisant . pp. 89-99.

Stephenson Richard, Duval Gilles. Le roi inconnu : Charles Ier et l’imagerie populaire anglaise au XVIIIe siècle. In: Cahiers Charles V, n°7,1985. L'image. pp. 37-47.

Gilles Duval : The Wheel of Fortune in English chap-literature. Despite its relatively unobstrusive nature, the topos of the Wheel of Fortune plays an important role in English chap-literature. It is at the basis of both books of magic and astrology and also many biographies (such as Elizabeth I and the Earl of Essex, Moll Flanders, etc...). Its importance springs from its malleability and its kinship with other commonplaces (notably ' The World Turned Upside Down ') ; together they reveal some of the more secret aspects of these texts., Duval Gilles. La roue de la Fortune dans les livrets de colportage anglais. In: Dix-huitième Siècle, n°18, 1986. Littératures françaises. pp. 169-178.

Duval Gilles. Robin Hood, un bandit à la croisée des chemins. In: Rebelles dans le monde anglo-américain aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles. Actes du Colloque - Société d'études anglo-américaines des 17e et 18e siècles, 1987. pp. 89-100.

Duval Gilles. Existe-t-il des livrets de colportage du 18ème siècle ?. In: Cahiers Charles V, n°9,1988. Le passé présent. Etudes sur la culture britannique pré-industrielle. Mélanges en l'honneur d'André Parreaux. pp. 85-92.