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Objective: Regulation of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is a critical element of immune responses in health and disease. Additional research is required to determine the levels of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) sufficient to inhibit inteleukine-1-induced responses in periodontium. The aim of this study was to compare the levels of IL-1β, IL-1ra in gingival crevicular fluid samples obtained from periodontitis and healthy patients., Design of the Study: The periodontitis group consisted of 50 patients (F-31, M-19) with chronic periodontitis. The control group consisted of 30 periodontally healthy subjects (F-19, M-11). Oral hygiene index-simplified, gingival index, pocket depth, clinical attachment level were measured. The concentrations of interleukins in gingival crevicular fluid were measured by the ELISA technique., Results: The total amounts of interleukin-1β and IL-1ra were significantly higher in periodontitis group than in the control group (P<0.05). The levels of each cytokine were reported also as moles. In the control group there were 800-times more moles/sample of IL-1ra than IL-1β. In periodontitis group nearly 300-times more moles/sample of IL-1ra was obtained. The significant positive Spearman's rank correlations was identified between both concentrations (R=0.39; P<0.05) and total amounts (R=0.31; P<0.05) of cytokines in the periodontitis group., Conclusion: The increased secretion of IL-1ra in periodontitis is not adequate to "curb" the release of IL-1β., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of short-term adjunctive subantimicrobial dose doxycycline (SDD) treatment in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 and chronic periodontitis (CP)., Methods: Thirty-four patients with CP and type 2 diabetes mellitus were included in the placebo-controlled, double-blind study. After scaling and root planing (SRP), patients were randomly assigned to two groups, receiving either SDD or placebo bid for 3 months. The probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP), approximal plaque index, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level were recorded and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples were collected at baseline and after 3-month therapy for the estimation of matrix metalloproteinase-8 levels., Results: Clinical attachment level, PD, and BOP improved significantly in both groups after therapy (P < 0.05). The statistically significant difference between the two groups after the therapy was observed only in PD in tooth sites with initial PD ≥ 4 mm (SRP + placebo: 3.41 ± 0.6 mm vs SRP + SDD: 2.92 ± 0.5 mm, P < 0.05). GCF matrix metalloproteinase-8 levels were significantly reduced only in SRP + SDD group (P < 0.01). There were no changes in HbA1c levels after therapy., Conclusion: The short-term administration of SDD gives significant benefit at tooth sites with moderate disease (PD ≥ 4 mm) when compared to SRP alone in patients with diabetes and CP., (© 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S.)

Aim: To compare the efficacy, onset time and duration of maxillary infiltration anaesthesia with 0.5% plain ropivacaine or 4% articaine with epinephrine 1 : 100 000 and to determine their possible influence on cardiovascular parameters., Methodology: Sixty volunteers received 1.8 mL of the anaesthetic for buccal infiltration anaesthesia of maxillary central and lateral incisors and canine teeth without caries, restorations or signs of pulpitis. The efficacy, onset time and duration of pulp anaesthesia were assessed with an electric pulp tester. The duration of numbness of the upper lip was also monitored. Blood pressure and heart rate were measured before and after administration of the solutions., Results: The efficacy of anaesthesia of lateral and central incisors was 100% for both anaesthetics. There were insignificant differences in effectiveness of canine pulp anaesthesia. The mean onset time was significantly (P < 0.05) shorter for ropivacaine (2.22 min) when compared with articaine (4.08 min). The duration of action and soft tissue anaesthesia were also significantly (P < 0.05) longer for ropivacaine (79.2 and 264 min) when compared with articaine (63.7 and 195.2 min, respectively). Ropivacaine caused significant (P < 0.05) increases in blood pressure and heart rate., Conclusions: Ropivacaine (0.5%) achieved effective and long duration of uninflamed pulp and soft tissue anaesthesia. Ropivacaine could be useful for long-lasting operative procedures without the need for a vasoconstrictor., (© 2011 International Endodontic Journal.)