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Resumo Introdução: Os produtos de tabaco aquecido (HTP) têm ganhado popularidade nos últimos anos. No entanto, tem-se questionado sobre os danos que provocam na saúde, em especial aos impactos decorrentes da exposição a suas emissões. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar o impacto do uso de HTPs em ambientes internos/fechados na qualidade do ar e/ou na saúde das pessoas expostas passivamente, por meio de uma revisão sistemática de estudos originais. Métodos: Realizou-se busca bibliográfica nas bases de dados Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval Sistem (MEDLINE), Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) e SCOPUS. As etapas de seleção, extração dos dados e avaliação do risco de viés dos estudos foi realizada em dupla, de forma independente, e as divergências foram resolvidas por consenso. Resultados: Foram selecionados 21 estudos, incluídos nesta revisão. Os resultados indicam que os produtos de tabaco aquecido são fonte de poluição ambiental decorrente da emissão de material particulado. Conclusão: Os produtos de tabaco aquecido produzem emissões que podem expor as pessoas às substâncias tóxicas emitidas no ambiente fechado, assim como outros produtos de tabaco.

The objective of this study is to evaluate the spatio-temporal dynamics of land vulnerability and pasture areas in the dairy basins of the states of Pernambuco and Alagoas, which are part of the Ipanema River Watershed (IRW) in the Northeast Region of Brazil. Maps of the Land Use and Land Cover (LULC); the Index of Vulnerability to Degradation (IVD); the Land Vulnerability Index (LVI); time series of Effective Herd (EH), Milked Cows (MC), and Milk Production (MP); and Pasture Cover (PC) and Quality (PCQ) were created as parameters. An opposite pattern was observed between the land use classes of Livestock, Agriculture, and Forest. The IRW area has predominantly flat terrain with a very high risk of degradation. The analysis of MC was consistent with the information from the EH analysis as well as with MP. When assessing Pasture Quality, Severe Degradation areas increased from 2010 to 2014, decreased after 2015, and rose again in 2020. Moderate Degradation areas remained high, while Not Degraded pasture areas were consistently the lowest from 2012 to 2020. Over the 10 years analyzed (2010–2020), the area showed a strong degradation process, with the loss of approximately 16% of the native vegetation of the Caatinga Biome and an increase in pasture areas and land vulnerability.

In Italy, forests cover about one third of the national territory. In recent years, sustainability has been applied to forest management through the introduction of the Sustainable Forest Management (SFM) concept. Since the Rio Conference, several initiatives at international and governmental level aimed to realize the SFM concept by the establishment of a set of principles with general validity. One of the most successful initiatives is the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC), which has developed a system of voluntary certification specific for the forestry sector, as well as 10 principles and 56 criteria for good forest management. The concept of High Conservation Value Forest concept (HCVFs) was defined in 1999 by FSC under Principle 9, and its application requires the identification of six categories of High Conservation Values (HCV). The aim of this study was to define the parameters for the HCVFs Italian forests, A first national mapping for the first level of High Conservation Value was developed focusing on protected areas, threatened and endangered species and the ecosystemic temporal use. Protected areas may constitute the basis of the SFM. This work is the result of data processing and distribution analysis through the intersection of vectorial data of national forests areas in ArcMap, on the basis of available information. Protected forest areas represent 34% of the national forest area. The different categories of protected areas contribute differently to protection, in particular the larger amount of preserved forests (22.96%) falls within Sites of Community Importance (SCI). The analysis of highly protected forest types revealed major differences likely linked to site ecological conditions, which are extremely variable over the country. The HCVF concept is applied in the forest certification field and can be used in sustainable forest management, planning and land use, and policy commitments.

Abstract Background This paper aims to instigate discussion and publication of methodologies applied to enhance quality management through comprehensive scientific reports. It provides a detailed description of the design, implementation, and results of the quality control program employed in the SMESH study. Methods Cross-sectional, multicenter, national study designed to assess the prevalence of human papillomavirus in sex workers and in men who have sex with men (MSM). Respondent-driven sampling recruitment was used. An online system was developed for the study and checkpoints were defined for data entry. The system checked the quality of biological samples and performed a retest with part of the sample. Results A total of 1.598 participants (442 sex workers and 1.156 MSM) were included. Fifty-four health professionals were trained for face-to-face data collection. The retest showed Kappa values ranging between 0.3030 and 0.7663. Conclusion The retest data were mostly classified as indicating a strong association. The data generated by the checkpoints showed the successful implementation of the quality control program.

This study aimed to prepare and apply nanocapsules containing glycerol monolaurate for eradicating Streptococcus mutans biofilms. The interfacial deposition method of the preformed polymer synthesized the nanocapsules characterized for mean diameter, polydispersity index, zeta potential, pH, and morphology by transmission electron microscopy. The microdilution method investigated antimicrobial activity. Crystal violet staining determined biomass quantification and the ability to inhibit biofilm formation. The study also measured exopolysaccharide production and the number of viable colonies. The characterization outcomes indicated acceptable values for the mean diameter 198.1 ± 2, a polydispersity index of 0.087 ± 0.018, a zeta potential of -21.30 ± 2.00 mV, a pH of 6.19 ± 0.12, and typical nanostructure morphology. The evaluations of minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations of glycerol monolaurate (free and nanoencapsulated) revealed their ineffectiveness in inhibiting microorganisms. Only free glycerol monolaurate inhibits S. mutans growth with 125 µg/mL. Biomass, exopolysaccharide content, and viable colonies in the biofilm were analyzed to assess the compounds' ability to inhibit biofilm formation. The tested compounds did not significantly reduce the formed biofilm. Despite unfavorable outcomes of the formulated preparation, further experimentation with a new formulation is encouraged to explore alternative strategies and potential improvements.

Introduction: Heated tobacco products (HTP) have gained popularity in recent years. However, questions have been raised about the damage they cause to health, especially the impacts resulting from exposure to their emissions. This study aims to evaluate the impact of the use of HTPs indoors on air quality and/or the health of passively exposed people, through a systematic review of original studies. Methods: A bibliographic search was carried out in the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System (MEDLINE), Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE), Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences (LILACS) and SCOPUS databases. Results: 21 studies were selected and included in this review. The results indicate that heated tobacco products are a source of environmental pollution due to the emission of particulate matter. The stages of selection, data extraction and risk of bias assessment of the studies were performed in pairs, independently, and disagreements were resolved by consensus. Conclusion: Heated tobacco products produce emissions that can expose people to toxic substances emitted indoors, just like other tobacco products.

Este trabalho objetivou diagnosticar a ocorrência de limitações física e química em lavouras manejadas sob sistema plantio direto. O estudo foi conduzido a campo, em 12 talhões agrícolas em Latossolos, Nitossolos e Cambissolos com caráter alumínico. Ao final do ciclo da cultura da soja foi realizada a amostragem do solo no terço superior, no terço médio e no terço inferior da topossequência, totalizando 36 pontos de coleta e cinco métodos de amostragem. Foram analisados a reação do solo (pH-H2O), os teores de fósforo (P) e potássio (K) trocáveis e de matéria orgânica no solo (MO), a densidade do solo (Ds), o volume de poros totais (Pt), de macroporos (Ma) e de microporos (Mi), a taxa estável de infiltração de água no solo (Tei) e o índice de qualidade estrutural do solo (Iqes). A ocorrência de limitação química foi comprovada para o pH-H2O, P e K em 70%, 92% e 75% dos talhões, respectivamente, evidenciada pelos métodos de amostragem de forma estratificada. Os teores de MO foram, em média, de 3,7g dm-3 na camada de 0-20cm. A ocorrência de limitação física foi evidenciada pelos valores de Ds e Ma. O Iqes, com oscilação de 0 a 5, foi, em média, de 3,6. Com base nos critérios estabelecidos constatou-se a presença de limitação química e/ou física em 11 talhões e a amostragem de 0-10cm e 10-20cm como eficaz em identificar a estratificação da fertilidade do solo em SPD.

The aim of this study was to understand the relationships between different destructive (grass and 1-h fuel load) and non-destructive fuel variables (grass height, litter height, number of species, and number of individuals), in order to develop models for estimating fuel load and moisture and analyzing fuel consumption. This study was carried out in a protected area located in the Cerrado biome, in the Jalapão region, Tocantins state, Brazil. The non-destructive characteristics of the vegetation were sampled to determine the live and dead fuel loads in different time-lag classes. Equations were obtained to estimate these loads, with values of R²aj, varying from 0.12 to 0.73. The considerable influence of dead grass fuel load on modeling could be observed, which is regarded as the main determining factor for a greater consumption of vegetation by fire.

IntroductionApproximately 10% of breast cancer (BC) cases result from hereditary causes. Genetic testing has been widely implemented in BC care to determine hereditary cancer syndromes and personalized medicine. Thus, identification of individuals carrying germline pathogenic variants could be useful to provide appropriate prophylactic or screening measures for each BC subtype, however, there are few formal recommendations for genetic testing in this sense so far. In this study, we assessed rare germline variants in a specific group of genes in order to determine the association with human epidermal growth factor 2 enriched (HER2+) BC phenotype through a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing subtypes overexpressing HER2 with other clinically recognized subtypes of BC. This review was registered with PROSPERO (ID: CRD42023447571).MethodsWe conducted an online literature search in PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus, and EMBASE databases. We included original studies that investigated germline variants in HER2+ BC patients and selected the studies that reported only rare and/or pathogenic germline variants. We assessed the risk of bias and quality of the studies using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal checklists and the Modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for Genetic Studies, respectively. Considering hormone receptor and HER2 expression status, we compared gene-based risks initially in HR-HER2-, HR+HER2-, HR+HER2+, and HR-HER2+ groups, conducting separate meta-analyses using the random effects model for each comparison, and within them for each gene.ResultsOf the total 36 studies describing germline variants, 11 studies provided information on the prevalence of variants in the different clinically relevant BC subtypes and allowed comparisons. Germline variants within eight genes showed significant differences when meta-analyzed between the BC groups: BRCA1, BRCA2, TP53, ATM, CHEK2, PALB2, RAD51C, and BARD1. Notably, TP53, ATM, and CHEK2 germline variants were identified as predisposing factors for HER2+ subtypes, whereas BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2, RAD51C, and BARD1 germline variants were associated with a predisposition to low HER2 expression. Main concerns about bias and quality assessment were the lack of confounding factors control; and comparability or outcome assessment, respectively. DiscussionOur findings underscore the connection between germline variants and differential expression of the HER2 protein and BC subtypes.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO, identifier CRD42023447571.

Introduction Colorectal cancer is the third most common malignant neoplasm worldwide, with ∼ 150 thousand new cases each year. Screening policies have brought significant progress due to the possibility of early diagnosis and polyp resection. Therefore, there is a need for continuous evaluation of the quality of colonoscopies based on well-established criteria in the literature.

The corn stunt disease complex, caused by the mollicutes Spiroplasma kunkelii (Css) and the maize bushy stunt (MBS) phytoplasma, is a major phytosanitary issue for corn production in the neotropical region of Brazil. In this study, we investigated the presence of alternative hosts for S. kunkelii (Css) in the Brazilian Cerrado biome and explored the potential for asymptomatic Css infections in maize plants. To identify possible alternative hosts, we collected samples from ornamental and native plants located in Cerrado regions with a high incidence of corn stunt disease. We also monitored the disease’s progression over time and calculated the area under the disease progression curve (AUDPC). Additionally, we sampled healthy, asymptomatic maize plants growing near symptomatic ones and analyzed all the samples using qPCR to detect the pathogen. Our results showed no Css infection in the sampled alternative host species and no asymptomatic infections in the nearby maize plants. The incidence of maize stunting varied significantly among the sample years and counties. In Aparecida do Rio Negro, the infection rate was six times higher in 2020 compared to 2019, while Porto Nacional showed an 11-fold increase. During surveillance from March to July, the infection rate at the Sierra site went from less than 3% in March 2019 to 6% in July (F1,4 = 415.84; p = 0.0003). MBS infection increased significantly, while S. kunkelii remained stable below 3%. In 2020, MBS increased from 3% to more than 12%. A similar trend was observed at the Sede site, where MBS increased from 9% in 2019 to 11% in 2020. An increase in the AUDPC was observed both within individual years and between 2019 and 2020, indicating a worsening trend in disease severity. Overall, our findings reinforce the need for preventive measures in managing maize crop fields.

Landscape fires, predominantly found in the frequently burning global savannas, are a substantial source of greenhouse gases and aerosols. The impact of these fires on atmospheric composition is partially determined by the chemical breakup of the constituents of the fuel into individual emitted chemical species, which is described by emission factors (EFs). These EFs are known to be dependent on, amongst other things, the type of fuel consumed, the moisture content of the fuel, and the meteorological conditions during the fire, indicating that savanna EFs are temporally and spatially dynamic. Global emission inventories, however, rely on static biome-averaged EFs, which makes them ill-suited for the estimation of regional biomass burning (BB) emissions and for capturing the effects of shifts in fire regimes. In this study we explore the main drivers of EF variability within the savanna biome and assess which geospatial proxies can be used to estimate dynamic EFs for global emission inventories. We made over 4500 bag measurements of CO2, CO, CH4, and N2O EFs using a UAS and also measured fuel parameters and fire-severity proxies during 129 individual fires. The measurements cover a variety of savanna ecosystems under different seasonal conditions sampled over the course of six fire seasons between 2017 and 2022. We complemented our own data with EFs from 85 fires with locations and dates provided in the literature. Based on the locations, dates, and times of the fires we retrieved a variety of fuel, weather, and fire-severity proxies (i.e. possible predictors) using globally available satellite and reanalysis data. We then trained random forest (RF) regressors to estimate EFs for CO2, CO, CH4, and N2O at a spatial resolution of 0.25∘ and a monthly time step. Using these modelled EFs, we calculated their spatiotemporal impact on BB emission estimates over the 2002–2016 period using the Global Fire Emissions Database version 4 with small fires (GFED4s). We found that the most important field indicators for the EFs of CO2, CO, and CH4 were tree cover density, fuel moisture content, and the grass-to-litter ratio. The grass-to-litter ratio and the nitrogen-to-carbon ratio were important indicators for N2O EFs. RF models using satellite observations performed well for the prediction of EF variability in the measured fires with out-of-sample correlation coefficients between 0.80 and 0.99, reducing the error between measured and modelled EFs by 60 %–85 % compared to using the static biome average. Using dynamic EFs, total global savanna emission estimates for 2002–2016 were 1.8 % higher for CO, while CO2, CH4, and N2O emissions were, respectively, 0.2 %, 5 %, and 18 % lower compared to GFED4s. On a regional scale we found a spatial redistribution compared to GFED4s with higher CO, CH4, and N2O EFs in mesic regions and lower ones in xeric regions. Over the course of the fire season, drying resulted in gradually lower EFs of these species. Relatively speaking, the trend was stronger in open savannas than in woodlands, where towards the end of the fire season they increased again. Contrary to the minor impact on annual average savanna fire emissions, the model predicts localized deviations from static averages of the EFs of CO, CH4, and N2O exceeding 60 % under seasonal conditions.

Este artigo teve o objetivo de refletir sobre o processo de uma pesquisa realizada com mulheres profissionais do sexo, sinalizando as reverberações e afetações da investigação na pesquisadora, a partir de uma perspectiva epistemológica feminista. A pesquisa que deu origem a este trabalho propôs-se a ouvir três mulheres profissionais do sexo, as quais foram entrevistadas em diferentes espaços: uma boate, um café e uma sala comercial. A partir da análise dos diários de campo produzidos ao longo do percurso metodológico e para fins de apresentação das inquietações produzidas, categorias de análise foram elencadas. A primeira, intitulada “O processo da pesquisa(dor)a”, aborda as ressonâncias da pesquisa na pesquisadora, sendo as demais: “Quanto tu paga?”: dominação masculina; “Ela não tinha ninguém por ela, não valia nada...”: narrativas de resistência; “A patroa tá te esperando!”: sobreposição de preconceitoe “Tem afeto, além de sexo”: identidade e reconhecimento enquanto mulheres, relacionadas às vivências e narrativas das mulheres entrevistadas. Como principais reflexões, evidencia-se que o preconceito reproduzido nos discursos machistas reverbera na segregação de ser mulher e ser prostituta. Porém, na contramão dos discursos patriarcais, as narrativas das entrevistadas também revelam caminhos de resistência frente aos desafios sociais e culturais que a profissão estabelece. Conclui-se que é necessário construir mais espaços em que os discursos das mulheres possam ecoar no sentido de produzir ciência a partir da potência das vozes femininas.

O cultivo intensivo do melão é baseado em modelos convencionais de monocultivos, os quais podem utilizar de forma ineficiente os recursos naturais e, associados ao manejo inadequado, contribuir para alterações climáticas. O principal objetivo deste estudo foi modelar o estoque de carbono futuro em agroecossistemas no cultivo de meloeiro sob diferentes cenários climáticos. O estudo foi conduzido no Campo Experimental Bebedouro da Embrapa Semiárido, Petrolina/PE, em área cultivada com melão amarelo, cv. Gladial e foram considerados oito ciclos de cultivo. O delineamento experimental foi composto de dois tipos de manejo de solo (com e sem revolvimento), dois tratamentos utilizando adubos verdes compostos de 14 espécies com diferentes proporções de leguminosas, gramíneas e oleaginosas e a vegetação espontânea, contendo quatro repetições divididos em blocos casualizados. Após 70 dias de desenvolvimento as plantas foram cortadas e depositadas no solo. Dados de temperatura e precipitação foram adquiridos dos modelos climáticos BCC CSM, MIROC5, CESM1-BGC, IPSL CM5B LR e HADGEM2-AO, seguindo os cenários climáticos RCP 4.5 e 8.5. O estoque de carbono (C) foi estimado até o ano de 2071 usando o modelo RothC. O tratamento com predominância de leguminosas e sem revolvimento aumentou o estoque de C no solo independentemente do cenário climático. O revolvimento do solo não favoreceu o acúmulo de C, fazendo com que nenhum dos tratamentos alcançasse o mesmo estoque que a Caatinga. No cenário RCP 4.5 o modelo MIROC5 favoreceu o maior acúmulo de C no solo; já os menores estoques de C ocorreram nos modelos CESM1-BGC e IPSL CM5B LR sob o cenário RCP 8.5.