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1. High C-Rate Performant Electrospun LiFePO4/Carbon Nanofiber Self-Standing Cathodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Author

Debora Maria Conti, Claudia Urru, Giovanna Bruni, Pietro Galinetto, Benedetta Albini, Vittorio Berbenni, and Doretta Capsoni

Subjects
LiFePO4, olivine, self-standing electrode, carbon nanofibers, cathode, electrospinning, Industrial electrochemistry, TP250-261
Abstract

In the present study, LiFePO4/CNF self-standing cathodes for LIBs are synthesized by electrospinning. A lower active material amount (12.3 and 34.5 wt%) is used, compared to the conventional tape-casted cathodes (70–85 wt%). The characterization techniques (XRPD, SEM, TEM, EDS, Raman spectroscopy, and thermogravimetry) confirm that the olivine-type structure of LiFePO4 is maintained in the binder-free electrodes, and the active material is homogeneously dispersed into and within the carbon nanofibers. The electrochemical investigation demonstrates that higher Li+ diffusion coefficients (1.36 × 10−11 cm2/s) and improved reversibility are reached for free-standing electrodes, compared to the LiFePO4 tape-casted cathode (80 wt% of active material) appositely prepared for comparison. The 34.5 wt% LiFePO4 self-standing cathode displays a lower capacity fading, good reversibility and stability, enhanced capacity values at C-rates higher than 5C, and a good lifespan when cycled 1000 cycles at 1C and further cycled up to 20C, compared to the tape-casted counterpart. Notably, the improved electrochemical performances are obtained by only the 34.5 wt% of active material. The results evidence the relevant role of the CNF matrix suitable to host LiFePO4, to promote electrolyte permeation and contact with the active material, and to increase the electronic conductivity.

Published
2024
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2. Physicochemical Characterization of Hydroxyapatite Hybrids with Meloxicam for Dissolution Rate Improvement

Author

Lauretta Maggi, Valeria Friuli, Beatrice Cerea, Giovanna Bruni, Vittorio Berbenni, and Marcella Bini

Subjects
meloxicam, drug delivery, in vitro dissolution studies, hydroxyapatite, hybrids, Organic chemistry, QD241-441
Abstract

Organic–inorganic hybrids represent a good solution to improve the solubility and dissolution rates of poorly soluble drugs whose number has been increasing in the last few years. One of the most diffused inorganic matrices is hydroxyapatite (HAP), which is a biocompatible and osteoconductive material. However, the understanding of the hybrids’ functioning mechanisms is in many cases limited; thus, thorough physicochemical characterizations are needed. In the present paper, we prepared hybrids of pure and Mg-doped hydroxyapatite with meloxicam, a drug pertaining to the Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) class II, i.e., drugs with low solubility and high permeability. The hybrids’ formation was demonstrated by FT-IR, which suggested electrostatic interactions between HAP and drug. The substitution of Mg in the HAP structure mainly produced a structural disorder and a reduction in crystallite sizes. The surface area of HAP increased after Mg doping from 82 to 103 m2g−1 as well as the pore volume, justifying the slightly high drug amount adsorbed by the Mg hybrid. Notwithstanding the low drug loading on the hybrids, the solubility, dissolution profiles and wettability markedly improved with respect to the drug alone, particularly for the Mg doped one, which was probably due to the main distribution of the drug on the HAP surface.

Published
2024
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3. Na3MnTi(PO4)3/C Nanofiber Free-Standing Electrode for Long-Cycling-Life Sodium-Ion Batteries

Author

Debora Maria Conti, Claudia Urru, Giovanna Bruni, Pietro Galinetto, Benedetta Albini, Vittorio Berbenni, Alessandro Girella, and Doretta Capsoni

Subjects
Na-ion batteries, Na3MnTi(PO4)3, NASICON-type electrode, self-standing electrode, carbon nanofibers, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

Self-standing Na3MnTi(PO4)3/carbon nanofiber (CNF) electrodes are successfully synthesized by electrospinning. A pre-synthesized Na3MnTi(PO4)3 is dispersed in a polymeric solution, and the electrospun product is heat-treated at 750 °C in nitrogen flow to obtain active material/CNF electrodes. The active material loading is 10 wt%. SEM, TEM, and EDS analyses demonstrate that the Na3MnTi(PO4)3 particles are homogeneously spread into and within CNFs. The loaded Na3MnTi(PO4)3 displays the NASICON structure; compared to the pre-synthesized material, the higher sintering temperature (750 °C) used to obtain conductive CNFs leads to cell shrinkage along the a axis. The electrochemical performances are appealing compared to a tape-casted electrode appositely prepared. The self-standing electrode displays an initial discharge capacity of 124.38 mAh/g at 0.05C, completely recovered after cycling at an increasing C-rate and a coulombic efficiency ≥98%. The capacity value at 20C is 77.60 mAh/g, and the self-standing electrode exhibits good cycling performance and a capacity retention of 59.6% after 1000 cycles at 1C. Specific capacities of 33.6, 22.6, and 17.3 mAh/g are obtained by further cycling at 5C, 10C, and 20C, and the initial capacity is completely recovered after 1350 cycles. The promising capacity values and cycling performance are due to the easy electrolyte diffusion and contact with the active material, offered by the porous nature of non-woven nanofibers.

Published
2024
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4. New Findings on the Crystal Polymorphism of Imepitoin

Author

Giovanna Bruni, Doretta Capsoni, Anna Pellegrini, Angela Altomare, Mauro Coduri, Chiara Ferrara, Pietro Galinetto, and Renato Molteni

Subjects
imepitoin, differential scanning calorimetry, polymorphism, monotropy, X-ray diffraction, Organic chemistry, QD241-441
Abstract

Scientific and industrial reasons dictate the study of the solid state of imepitoin, a highly safe and tolerable anticonvulsant drug used in the therapy of epileptic dogs that was approved in the Europe Union in 2013. Our investigations allowed us to discover the existence of a new polymorph of imepitoin, which finds itself in a monotropic relationship with the crystalline form (polymorph I) already known and present on the market. This form (polymorph II), obtained by crystallization from xylene, remains metastable under ambient conditions for at least 1 year. Both solid forms were characterized by thermal (DSC and TGA), spectroscopic (FT-IR and Raman), microscopic (SEM and HSM), and diffractometric techniques. The thermodynamic relationship between the two polymorphs (monotropic) is such that it is not possible to study the melting of polymorph II, not even by adopting appropriate experimental strategies. Our measurements highlighted that the melting peak of imepitoin actually also includes an onset of melt decomposition. The ab initio structure solution, obtained from synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data collected at room temperature, allowed us to determine the crystal structure of the new polymorph (II). It crystallizes in the monoclinic crystal structure, P21/c space group (#14), with a = 14.8687(6) Å, b = 7.2434(2) Å, c = 12.5592(4) Å, β = 107.5586(8)°, V = 1289.61(8) Å3, and Z = 4.

Published
2024
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5. Design of Na3MnZr(PO4)3/Carbon Nanofiber Free-Standing Cathodes for Sodium-Ion Batteries with Enhanced Electrochemical Performances through Different Electrospinning Approaches

Author

Debora Maria Conti, Claudia Urru, Giovanna Bruni, Pietro Galinetto, Benedetta Albini, Chiara Milanese, Silvia Pisani, Vittorio Berbenni, and Doretta Capsoni

Subjects
Na3MnZr(PO4)3, cathode, sodium-ion batteries, electrospinning, carbon nanofibers, free-standing, Organic chemistry, QD241-441
Abstract

The NASICON-structured Na3MnZr(PO4)3 compound is a promising high-voltage cathode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). In this study, an easy and scalable electrospinning approach was used to synthesize self-standing cathodes based on Na3MnZr(PO4)3 loaded into carbon nanofibers (CNFs). Different strategies were applied to load the active material. All the employed characterization techniques (X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and Raman spectroscopy) confirmed the successful loading. Compared to an appositely prepared tape-cast electrode, Na3MnZr(PO4)3/CNF self-standing cathodes demonstrated an enhanced specific capacity, especially at high C-rates, thanks to the porous conducive carbon nanofiber matrix. Among the strategies applied to load Na3MnZr(PO4)3 into the CNFs, the electrospinning (vertical setting) of the polymeric solution containing pre-synthesized Na3MnZr(PO4)3 powders resulted effective in obtaining the quantitative loading of the active material and a homogeneous distribution through the sheet thickness. Notably, Na3MnZr(PO4)3 aggregates connected to the CNFs, covered their surface, and were also embedded, as demonstrated by TEM and EDS. Compared to the self-standing cathodes prepared with the horizontal setting or dip–drop coating methods, the vertical binder-free electrode exhibited the highest capacity values of 78.2, 55.7, 38.8, 22.2, 16.2, 12.8, 10.3, 9.0, and 8.5 mAh/g at C-rates of 0.05C, 0.1C, 0.2C, 0.5C, 1C, 2C, 5C, 10C, and 20C, respectively, with complete capacity retention at the end of the measurements. It also exhibited a good cycling life, compared to its tape-cast counterpart: it displayed higher capacity retention at 0.2C and 1C, and, after cycling 1000 cycles at 1C, it could be further cycled at 5C, 10C, and 20C.

Published
2024
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6. Design of Etched- and Functionalized-Halloysite/Meloxicam Hybrids: A Tool for Enhancing Drug Solubility and Dissolution Rate

Author

Valeria Friuli, Claudia Urru, Chiara Ferrara, Debora Maria Conti, Giovanna Bruni, Lauretta Maggi, and Doretta Capsoni

Subjects
halloysite nanotubes, meloxicam, dissolution tests, drug–nanoclay composites, poorly soluble drugs, Pharmacy and materia medica, RS1-441
Abstract

The study focuses on the synthesis and characterization of Meloxicam–halloysite nanotube (HNT) composites as a viable approach to enhance the solubility and dissolution rate of meloxicam, a poorly water-soluble drug (BCS class II). Meloxicam is loaded on commercial and modified halloysite (acidic and alkaline etching, or APTES and chitosan functionalization) via a solution method. Several techniques (XRPD, FT-IR, 13C solid-state NMR, SEM, EDS, TEM, DSC, TGA) are applied to characterize both HNTs and meloxicam–HNT systems. In all the investigated drug–clay hybrids, a high meloxicam loading of about 40 wt% is detected. The halloysite modification processes and the drug loading do not alter the structure and morphology of both meloxicam and halloysite nanotubes, which are in intimate contact in the composites. Weak drug–clay and drug-functionalizing agent interactions occur, involving the meloxicam amidic functional group. All the meloxicam–halloysite composites exhibit enhanced dissolution rates, as compared to meloxicam. The meloxicam–halloysite composite, functionalized with chitosan, showed the best performance both in water and in buffer at pH 7.5. The drug is completely released in 4–5 h in water and in less than 1 h in phosphate buffer. Notably, an equilibrium solubility of 13.7 ± 4.2 mg/L in distilled water at 21 °C is detected, and wettability dramatically increases, compared to the raw meloxicam. These promising results can be explained by the chitosan grafting on the outer surface of halloysite nanotubes, which provides increased specific surface area (100 m2/g) disposable for drug adsorption/desorption.

Published
2024
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7. Hydroxyapatite Nanorods Based Drug Delivery Systems for Bumetanide and Meloxicam, Poorly Water Soluble Active Principles

Author

Valeria Friuli, Lauretta Maggi, Giovanna Bruni, Francesca Caso, and Marcella Bini

Subjects
hydroxyapatite, meloxicam, bumetanide, drug delivery, inorganic–organic hybrids, in vitro dissolution studies, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

Poorly water-soluble drugs represent a challenge for the pharmaceutical industry because it is necessary to find properly tuned and efficient systems for their release. In this framework, organic–inorganic hybrid systems could represent a promising strategy. A largely diffused inorganic host is hydroxyapatite (HAP, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2), which is easily synthesized with different external forms and can adsorb different kinds of molecules, thereby allowing rapid drug release. Hybrid nanocomposites of HAP nanorods, obtained through hydrothermal synthesis, were prepared with two model pharmaceutical molecules characterized by low and pH-dependent solubility: meloxicam, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, and bumetanide, a diuretic drug. Both hybrids were physically and chemically characterized through the combined use of X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and infrared spectroscopy measurements. Then, their dissolution profiles and hydrophilicity (contact angles) in different media as well as their solubility were determined and compared to the pure drugs. This hybrid system seems particularly suitable as a drug carrier for bumetanide, as it shows higher drug loading and good dissolution profiles, while is less suitable for meloxicam, an acid molecule.

Published
2024
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8. Surface Properties of a Biocompatible Thermoplastic Polyurethane and Its Anti-Adhesive Effect against E. coli and S. aureus

Author

Elisa Restivo, Emanuela Peluso, Nora Bloise, Giovanni Lo Bello, Giovanna Bruni, Marialaura Giannaccari, Roberto Raiteri, Lorenzo Fassina, and Livia Visai

Subjects
thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), brush, bar coater, topography, atomic force microscopy (AFM), Haralick texture analysis, Biotechnology, TP248.13-248.65, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) is a polymer used in a variety of fields, including medical applications. Here, we aimed to verify if the brush and bar coater deposition techniques did not alter TPU properties. The topography of the TPU-modified surfaces was studied via AFM demonstrating no significant differences between brush and bar coater-modified surfaces, compared to the un-modified TPU (TPU Film). The effect of the surfaces on planktonic bacteria, evaluated by MTT assay, demonstrated their anti-adhesive effect on E. coli, while the bar coater significantly reduced staphylococcal planktonic adhesion and both bacterial biofilms compared to other samples. Interestingly, Pearson’s R coefficient analysis showed that Ra roughness and Haralick’s correlation feature were trend predictors for planktonic bacterial cells adhesion. The surface adhesion property was evaluated against NIH-3T3 murine fibroblasts by MTT and against human fibrinogen and human platelet-rich plasma by ELISA and LDH assay, respectively. An indirect cytotoxicity experiment against NIH-3T3 confirmed the biocompatibility of the TPUs. Overall, the results indicated that the deposition techniques did not alter the antibacterial and anti-adhesive surface properties of modified TPU compared to un-modified TPU, nor its bio- and hemocompatibility, confirming the suitability of TPU brush and bar coater films in the biomedical and pharmaceutical fields.

Published
2024
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9. Investigation on Electrospun and Solvent-Casted PCL-PLGA Blends Scaffolds Embedded with Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering

Author

Mariella Rosalia, Martina Giacomini, Erika Maria Tottoli, Rossella Dorati, Giovanna Bruni, Ida Genta, Enrica Chiesa, Silvia Pisani, Maurilio Sampaolesi, and Bice Conti

Subjects
electrospinning, solvent casting/particulate leaching, iPSC, polymer blends, Pharmacy and materia medica, RS1-441
Abstract

The design, production, and characterisation of tissue-engineered scaffolds made of polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA), polycaprolactone (PCL) and their blends obtained through electrospinning (ES) or solvent casting/particulate leaching (SC) manufacturing techniques are presented here. The polymer blend composition was chosen to always obtain a prevalence of one of the two polymers, in order to investigate the contribution of the less concentrated polymer on the scaffolds’ properties. Physical–chemical characterization of ES scaffolds demonstrated that tailoring of fibre diameter and Young modulus (YM) was possible by controlling PCL concentration in PLGA-based blends, increasing the fibre diameter from 0.6 to 1.0 µm and reducing the YM from about 22 to 9 MPa. SC scaffolds showed a “bubble-like” topography, caused by the porogen spherical particles, which is responsible for decreasing the contact angles from about 110° in ES scaffolds to about 74° in SC specimens. Nevertheless, due to phase separation within the blend, solvent-casted samples displayed less reproducible properties. Furthermore, ES samples were characterised by 10-fold higher water uptake than SC scaffolds. The scaffolds suitability as iPSCs culturing support was evaluated using XTT assay, and pluripotency and integrin gene expression were investigated using RT-PCR and RT-qPCR. Thanks to their higher wettability and appropriate YM, SC scaffolds seemed to be superior in ensuring high cell viability over 5 days, whereas the ability to maintain iPSCs pluripotency status was found to be similar for ES and SC scaffolds.

Published
2023
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10. Hybrid 3D-Printed and Electrospun Scaffolds Loaded with Dexamethasone for Soft Tissue Applications

Author

Silvia Pisani, Valeria Mauri, Erika Negrello, Valeria Friuli, Ida Genta, Rossella Dorati, Giovanna Bruni, Stefania Marconi, Ferdinando Auricchio, Andrea Pietrabissa, Marco Benazzo, and Bice Conti

Subjects
electrospinning, 3D-printing, tissue engineering, dexamethasone, hybrid scaffolds, Pharmacy and materia medica, RS1-441
Abstract

Background: To make the regenerative process more effective and efficient, tissue engineering (TE) strategies have been implemented. Three-dimensional scaffolds (electrospun or 3D-printed), due to their suitable designed architecture, offer the proper location of the position of cells, as well as cell adhesion and the deposition of the extracellular matrix. Moreover, the possibility to guarantee a concomitant release of drugs can promote tissue regeneration. Methods: A PLA/PCL copolymer was used for the manufacturing of electrospun and hybrid scaffolds (composed of a 3D-printed support coated with electrospun fibers). Dexamethasone was loaded as an anti-inflammatory drug into the electrospun fibers, and the drug release kinetics and scaffold biological behavior were evaluated. Results: The encapsulation efficiency (EE%) was higher than 80%. DXM embedding into the electrospun fibers resulted in a slowed drug release rate, and a slower release was seen in the hybrid scaffolds. The fibers maintained their nanometric dimensions (less than 800 nm) even after deposition on the 3D-printed supports. Cell adhesion and proliferation was favored in the DXM-loading hybrid scaffolds. Conclusions: The hybrid scaffolds that were developed in this study can be optimized as a versatile platform for soft tissue regeneration.

Published
2023
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11. Electrospun Fibers Loaded with Pirfenidone: An Innovative Approach for Scar Modulation in Complex Wounds

Author

Erika Maria Tottoli, Laura Benedetti, Federica Riva, Enrica Chiesa, Silvia Pisani, Giovanna Bruni, Ida Genta, Bice Conti, Gabriele Ceccarelli, and Rossella Dorati

Subjects
hypertrophic scar, electrospinning, wound healing, complex wounds, Organic chemistry, QD241-441
Abstract

Hypertrophic scars (HTSs) are pathological structures resulting from chronic inflammation during the wound healing process, particularly in complex injuries like burns. The aim of this work is to propose Biofiber PF (biodegradable fiber loaded with Pirfenidone 1.5 w/w), an electrospun advanced dressing, as a solution for HTSs treatment in complex wounds. Biofiber has a 3-day antifibrotic action to modulate the fibrotic process and enhance physiological healing. Its electrospun structure consists of regular well-interconnected Poly-L-lactide-co-poly-ε-caprolactone (PLA-PCL) fibers (size 2.83 ± 0.46 µm) loaded with Pirfenidone (PF, 1.5% w/w), an antifibrotic agent. The textured matrix promotes the exudate balance through mild hydrophobic wettability behavior (109.3 ± 2.3°), and an appropriate equilibrium between the absorbency % (610.2 ± 171.54%) and the moisture vapor transmission rate (0.027 ± 0.036 g/min). Through its finer mechanical properties, Biofiber PF is conformable to the wound area, promoting movement and tissue oxygenation. These features also enhance the excellent elongation (>500%) and tenacity, both in dry and wet conditions. The ancillary antifibrotic action of PF on hypertrophic scar fibroblast (HSF) for 3 days downregulates the cell proliferation over time and modulates the gene expression of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) at 48–72 h. After 6 days of treatment, a decrement of α-SMA protein levels was detected, proving the potential of biofiber as a valid therapeutic treatment for HTSs in an established wound healing process.

Published
2023
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12. Strontium-doped apatitic bone cements with tunable antibacterial and antibiofilm ability

Author

Massimiliano Dapporto, Marta Tavoni, Elisa Restivo, Francesca Carella, Giovanna Bruni, Laura Mercatali, Livia Visai, Anna Tampieri, Michele Iafisco, and Simone Sprio

Subjects
bone cements, hydroxyapatite, drug delivery, tetracycline, bone regeneration, antibacterial, Biotechnology, TP248.13-248.65
Abstract

Injectable calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) represent promising candidates for the regeneration of complex-shape bone defects, thanks to self-hardening ability, bioactive composition and nanostructure offering high specific surface area for cell attachment and conduction. Such features make CPCs also interesting for functionalization with various biomolecules, towards the generation of multifunctional devices with enhanced therapeutic ability. In particular, strontium-doped CPCs have been studied in the last years due to the intrinsic antiosteoporotic character of strontium. In this work, a SrCPC previously reported as osteointegrative and capable to modulate the fate of bone cells was enriched with hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HA-NPs) functionalized with tetracycline (TC) to provide antibacterial activity. We found that HA-NPs functionalized with TC (NP-TC) can act as modulator of the drug release profile when embedded in SrCPCs, thus providing a sustained and tunable TC release. In vitro microbiological tests on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus strains proved effective bacteriostatic and bactericidal properties, especially for the NP-TC loaded SrCPC formulations. Overall, our results indicate that the addition of NP-TC on CPC acted as effective modulator towards a tunable drug release control in the treatment of bone infections or cancers.

Published
2022
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13. Influence of Electrospun Fibre Secondary Morphology on Antibiotic Release Kinetic and Its Impact on Antimicrobic Efficacy

Author

Mariella Rosalia, Pietro Grisoli, Rossella Dorati, Enrica Chiesa, Silvia Pisani, Giovanna Bruni, Ida Genta, and Bice Conti

Subjects
vascular graft infection, small-diameter vascular graft, tobramycin, secondary fibre morphology, drug release kinetic, drug release modelling, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

Vascular graft infections are a severe complication in vascular surgery, with a high morbidity and mortality. Prevention and treatment involve the use of antibiotic- or antiseptic-impregnated artificial vascular grafts, but currently, there are no commercially available infection-proof small-diameter vascular grafts (SDVGs). In this work we investigated the antimicrobic activity of two SDVGs prototypes loaded with tobramycin and produced via the electrospinning of drug-doped PLGA (polylactide-co-glycolide) solutions. Differences in rheological and conductivity properties of the polymer solutions resulted in non-identical fibre morphology that deeply influenced the hydration profile and consequently the in vitro cumulative drug release, which was investigated by using a spectrofluorimetric technique. Using DDSolver Excel add-in, modelling of the drug release kinetic was performed to evaluate the release mechanism involved: Prototype 1 showed a sustained and diffusive driven drug release, which allowed for the complete elution of tobramycin within 2 weeks, whereas Prototype 2 resulted in a more extended drug release controlled by both diffusion and matrix relaxation. Time-kill assays performed on S. aureus and E. coli highlighted the influence of burst drug release on the decay rate of bacterial populations, with Prototype 1 being more efficient on both microorganisms. Nevertheless, both prototypes showed good antimicrobic activity over the 5 days of in vitro testing.

Published
2023
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14. Hybrid Nanocomposites of Tenoxicam: Layered Double Hydroxides (LDHs) vs. Hydroxyapatite (HAP) Inorganic Carriers

Author

Lauretta Maggi, Valeria Friuli, Giovanna Bruni, Alessia Rinaldi, and Marcella Bini

Subjects
tenoxicam, drug delivery, in vitro dissolution studies, LDHs, HAP, Organic chemistry, QD241-441
Abstract

The search for effective systems to facilitate the release of poorly bioavailable drugs is a forefront topic for the pharmaceutical market. Materials constituted by inorganic matrices and drugs represent one of the latest research strategies in the development of new drug alternatives. Our aim was to obtain hybrid nanocomposites of Tenoxicam, an insoluble nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, with both layered double hydroxides (LDHs) and hydroxyapatite (HAP). The physicochemical characterization on the base of X-ray powder diffraction, SEM/EDS, DSC and FT-IR measurements was useful to verify the possible hybrids formation. In both cases, the hybrids formed, but it seemed that the drug intercalation in LDH was low and, in fact, the hybrid was not effective in improving the pharmacokinetic properties of the drug alone. On the contrary, the HAP–Tenoxicam hybrid, compared to the drug alone and to a simple physical mixture, showed an excellent improvement in wettability and solubility and a very significant increase in the release rate in all the tested biorelevant fluids. It delivers the entire daily dose of 20 mg in about 10 min.

Published
2023
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15. Synthesis and Characterization of Carvedilol-Etched Halloysite Nanotubes Composites with Enhanced Drug Solubility and Dissolution Rate

Author

Lauretta Maggi, Claudia Urru, Valeria Friuli, Chiara Ferrara, Debora Maria Conti, Giovanna Bruni, and Doretta Capsoni

Subjects
halloysite nanotubes, carvedilol, dissolution tests, drug–nanoclay composites, solid-state NMR, Organic chemistry, QD241-441
Abstract

Carvedilol is a poorly water-soluble drug employed to treat chronic heart failure. In this study, we synthesize new carvedilol-etched halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) composites to enhance solubility and dissolution rate. The simple and feasible impregnation method is used for carvedilol loading (30–37% weight). Both the etched HNTs (acidic HCl and H2SO4 and alkaline NaOH treatments) and the carvedilol-loaded samples are characterized by various techniques (XRPD, FT-IR, solid-state NMR, SEM, TEM, DSC, and specific surface area). The etching and loading processes do not induce structural changes. The drug and carrier particles are in intimate contact and their morphology is preserved, as demonstrated by TEM images. The 27Al and 13C solid-state NMR and FT-IR findings show that carvedilol interactions involve the external siloxane surface, especially the aliphatic carbons, the functional groups, and, by inductive effect, the adjacent aromatic carbons. All the carvedilol–halloysite composites display enhanced dissolution rate, wettability, and solubility, as compared to carvedilol. The best performances are obtained for the carvedilol–halloysite system based on HNTs etched with HCl 8M, which exhibits the highest value of specific surface area (91 m2 g−1). The composites make the drug dissolution independent of the environmental conditions of the gastrointestinal tract and its absorption less variable, more predictable, and independent from the pH of the medium.

Published
2023
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16. ZnS–rGO/CNF Free-Standing Anodes for SIBs: Improved Electrochemical Performance at High C-Rate

Author

Debora Maria Conti, Cristina Fusaro, Giovanna Bruni, Pietro Galinetto, Benedetta Albini, Chiara Milanese, Vittorio Berbenni, and Doretta Capsoni

Subjects
electrospinning, carbon nanofibers, zinc sulfides anode, sodium-ion batteries, self-standing anodes, binder-free anodes, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

ZnS–graphene composites (ZnSGO) were synthesized by a hydrothermal process and loaded onto carbon nanofibers (CNFs) by electrospinning (ZnS–GO/CNF), to obtain self-standing anodes for SIBs. The characterization techniques (XRPD, SEM, TEM, EDS, TGA, and Raman spectroscopy) confirm that the ZnS nanocrystals (10 nm) with sphalerite structure covered by the graphene sheets were successfully synthesized. In the ZnS–GO/CNF anodes, the active material is homogeneously dispersed in the CNFs’ matrix and the ordered carbon source mainly resides in the graphene component. Two self-standing ZnS–GO/CNF anodes (active material amount: 11.3 and 24.9 wt%) were electrochemically tested and compared to a tape-casted ZnS–GO example prepared by conventional methods (active material amount: 70 wt%). The results demonstrate improved specific capacity at high C-rate for the free-standing anodes compared to the tape-casted example (69.93 and 92.59 mAh g−1 at 5 C for 11.3 and 24.9 wt% free-standing anodes, respectively, vs. 50 mAh g−1 for tape-casted). The 24.9 wt% ZnS–GO/CNF anode gives the best cycling performances: we obtained capacities of 255–400 mAh g−1 for 200 cycles and coulombic efficiencies ≥ 99% at 0.5 C, and of 80–90 mAh g−1 for additional 50 cycles at 5 C. The results suggest that self-standing electrodes with improved electrochemical performances at high C-rates can be prepared by a feasible and simple strategy: ex situ synthesis of the active material and addition to the carbon precursor for electrospinning.

Published
2023
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17. Electrospun Naringin-Loaded Fibers for Preventing Scar Formation during Wound Healing

Author

Erika M. Tottoli, Laura Benedetti, Enrica Chiesa, Silvia Pisani, Giovanna Bruni, Ida Genta, Bice Conti, Gabriele Ceccarelli, and Rossella Dorati

Subjects
hypertrophic scar, electrospinning, wound healing, complex wounds, Pharmacy and materia medica, RS1-441
Abstract

Hypertrophic scars (HTSs) are aberrant structures that develop where skin is injured complexly and represent the result of a chronic inflammation as a healing response. To date, there is no satisfactory prevention option for HTSs, which is due to the complexity of multiple mechanisms behind the formation of these structures. The present work aimed to propose Biofiber (Biodegradable fiber), an advanced textured electrospun dressing, as a suitable solution for HTS formation in complex wounds. Biofiber has been designed as a 3-day long-term treatment to protect the healing environment and enhance wound care practices. Its textured matrix consists of homogeneous and well-interconnected Poly-L-lactide-co-poly-ε-caprolactone (PLA-PCL) electrospun fibers (size 3.825 ± 1.12 µm) loaded with Naringin (NG, 2.0% w/w), a natural antifibrotic agent. The structural units contribute to achieve an optimal fluid handling capacity demonstrated through a moderate hydrophobic wettability behavior (109.3 ± 2.3°), and a suitable balance between absorbency (389.8 ± 58.16%) and moisture vapor transmission rate (MVTR, 2645 ± 60.43 g/m2 day). The flexibility and conformability of Biofiber to the body surfaces is due to its innovative circular texture, that also allow it to obtain finer mechanical properties after 72 h in contact with Simulated Wound Fluid (SWF), with an elongation of 352.6 ± 36.10%, and a great tenacity (0.25 ± 0.03 Mpa). The ancillary action of NG results in a prolonged anti-fibrotic effect on Normal Human Dermal Fibroblasts (NHDF), through the controlled release of NG for 3 days. The prophylactic action was highlighted at day 3 with the down regulation of the major factors involved in the fibrotic process: Transforming Growth Factor β1 (TGF-β1), Collagen Type 1 alpha 1 chain (COL1A1), and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). No significant anti-fibrotic effect has been demonstrated on Hypertrophic Human Fibroblasts derived from scars (HSF), proving the potential of Biofiber to minimize HTSs in the process of early wound healing as a prophylactic therapy.

Published
2023
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18. Fe3O4-Halloysite Nanotube Composites as Sustainable Adsorbents: Efficiency in Ofloxacin Removal from Polluted Waters and Ecotoxicity

Author

Doretta Capsoni, Paola Lucini, Debora Maria Conti, Michela Bianchi, Federica Maraschi, Beatrice De Felice, Giovanna Bruni, Maryam Abdolrahimi, Davide Peddis, Marco Parolini, Silvia Pisani, and Michela Sturini

Subjects
magnetite-halloysite composites, magnetic sorbent materials, fluoroquinolone antibiotic, adsorption, wastewater treatment, magnetic remediation, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

The present work aimed at decorating halloysite nanotubes (HNT) with magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles through different synthetic routes (co-precipitation, hydrothermal, and sol-gel) to test the efficiency of three magnetic composites (HNT/Fe3O4) to remove the antibiotic ofloxacin (OFL) from waters. The chemical–physical features of the obtained materials were characterized through the application of diverse techniques (XRPD, FT-IR spectroscopy, SEM, EDS, and TEM microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and magnetization measurements), while ecotoxicity was assessed through a standard test on the freshwater organism Daphnia magna. Independently of the synthesis procedure, the magnetic composites were successfully obtained. The Fe3O4 is nanometric (about 10 nm) and the weight percentage is sample-dependent. It decorates the HNT’s surface and also forms aggregates linking the nanotubes in Fe3O4-rich samples. Thermodynamic and kinetic experiments showed different adsorption capacities of OFL, ranging from 23 to 45 mg g−1. The kinetic process occurred within a few minutes, independently of the composite. The capability of the three HNT/Fe3O4 in removing the OFL was confirmed under realistic conditions, when OFL was added to tap, river, and effluent waters at µg L−1 concentration. No acute toxicity of the composites was observed on freshwater organisms. Despite the good results obtained for all the composites, the sample by co-precipitation is the most performant as it: (i) is easily magnetically separated from the media after the use; (ii) does not undergo any degradation after three adsorption cycles; (iii) is synthetized through a low-cost procedure. These features make this material an excellent candidate for removal of OFL from water.

Published
2022
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19. Mesenchymal Stromal Cell on Liver Decellularised Extracellular Matrix for Tissue Engineering

Author

Stefania Croce, Lorenzo Cobianchi, Tamara Zoro, Francesca Dal Mas, Antonia Icaro Cornaglia, Elisa Lenta, Gloria Acquafredda, Annalisa De Silvestri, Maria Antonietta Avanzini, Livia Visai, Szandra Brambilla, Giovanna Bruni, Giulia Di Gravina, Andrea Pietrabissa, Luca Ansaloni, and Andrea Peloso

Subjects
mesenchymal stromal cells, bioscaffold, decellularisation, extracellular matrix, recellularisation, tissue engineering, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Background: In end-stage chronic liver disease, transplantation represents the only curative option. However, the shortage of donors results in the death of many patients. To overcome this gap, it is mandatory to develop new therapeutic options. In the present study, we decellularised pig livers and reseeded them with allogeneic porcine mesenchymal stromal cells (pMSCs) to understand whether extracellular matrix (ECM) can influence and/or promote differentiation into hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs). Methods: After decellularisation with SDS, the integrity of ECM-scaffolds was examined by histological staining, immunofluorescence and scanning electron microscope. DNA quantification was used to assess decellularisation. pMSCs were plated on scaffolds by static seeding and maintained in in vitro culture for 21 days. At 3, 7, 14 and 21 days, seeded ECM scaffolds were evaluated for cellular adhesion and growth. Moreover, the expression of specific hepatic genes was performed by RT-PCR. Results: The applied decellularisation/recellularisation protocol was effective. The number of seeded pMSCs increased over the culture time points. Gene expression analysis of seeded pMSCs displayed a weak induction due to ECM towards HLCs. Conclusions: These results suggest that ECM may address pMSCs to differentiate in hepatocyte-like cells. However, only contact with liver-ECM is not enough to induce complete differentiation.

Published
2022
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20. Early Osteogenic Marker Expression in hMSCs Cultured onto Acid Etching-Derived Micro- and Nanotopography 3D-Printed Titanium Surfaces

Author

Nora Bloise, Erik I. Waldorff, Giulia Montagna, Giovanna Bruni, Lorenzo Fassina, Samuel Fang, Nianli Zhang, Jiechao Jiang, James T. Ryaby, and Livia Visai

Subjects
3D-printed porous titanium implants, nanoscale topographies, acid etching processes, mesenchymal stem cells, osteogenic differentiation, Haralick texture analysis, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) titanium composite (PTC) is a novel interbody fusion device that combines a PEEK core with titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) endplates. The present study aimed to investigate the in vitro biological reactivity of human bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) to micro- and nanotopographies produced by an acid-etching process on the surface of 3D-printed PTC endplates. Optical profilometer and scanning electron microscopy were used to assess the surface roughness and identify the nano-features of etched or unetched PTC endplates, respectively. The viability, morphology and the expression of specific osteogenic markers were examined after 7 days of culture in the seeded cells. Haralick texture analysis was carried out on the unseeded endplates to correlate surface texture features to the biological data. The acid-etching process modified the surface roughness of the 3D-printed PTC endplates, creating micro- and nano-scale structures that significantly contributed to sustaining the viability of hBM-MSCs and triggering the expression of early osteogenic markers, such as alkaline phosphatase activity and bone-ECM protein production. Finally, the topography of 3D-printed PTC endplates influenced Haralick’s features, which in turn correlated with the expression of two osteogenic markers, osteopontin and osteocalcin. Overall, these data demonstrate that the acid-etching process of PTC endplates created a favourable environment for osteogenic differentiation of hBM-MSCs and may potentially have clinical benefit.

Published
2022
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21. Tablet Formulations of Polymeric Electrospun Fibers for the Controlled Release of Drugs with pH-Dependent Solubility

Author

Valeria Friuli, Silvia Pisani, Bice Conti, Giovanna Bruni, and Lauretta Maggi

Subjects
nanofibers, sustained release, fast release, tablets, polymer, poorly soluble drug, Organic chemistry, QD241-441
Abstract

A challenge in the pharmaceutical sector is the development of controlled release dosage forms for oral administration of poorly soluble drugs, in particular, drugs characterized by pH-dependent solubility through the gastrointestinal tract, which itself shows wide variability in terms of environmental pHs. The best approach is to increase the dissolution rate of the drugs at the different pHs and only then modify its release behavior from the pharmaceutical form. This work aims to demonstrate the ability of properly designed polymeric nanofibers in enhancing the release rate of model drugs with different pH-dependent solubility in the different physiological pHs of the gastrointestinal tract. Polymeric nanofibers loaded with meloxicam and carvedilol were prepared using the electrospinning technique and were then included in properly designed tablet formulations to obtain fast or sustained release dosage forms. The nanofibers and the tablets were characterized for their morphological, physico-chemical and dissolution properties. The tablets are able to deliver the dose according to the expected release behavior, and zero-order, first-order, Higuchi, Korsmeyer–Peppas and Hixon–Crowell kinetics models were used to analyze the prevailing release mechanism of the tablets. This study shows that the electrospun fibers can be advantageously included in oral dosage forms to improve their release performances.

Published
2022
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22. An in vivo Comparison Study Between Strontium Nanoparticles and rhBMP2

Author

Giulia Montagna, Francesco Cristofaro, Lorenzo Fassina, Giovanna Bruni, Lucia Cucca, Alejandro Kochen, Paola Divieti Pajevic, Beth Bragdon, Livia Visai, and Louis Gerstenfeld

Subjects
strontium hydroxyapatite nanoparticles, BMP2, osteoporosis, scaffold, endochondral ossification, bone regeneration, Biotechnology, TP248.13-248.65
Abstract

The osteoinductive property of strontium was repeatedly proven in the last decades. Compelling in vitro data demonstrated that strontium hydroxyapatite nanoparticles exert a dual action, by promoting osteoblasts-driven matrix secretion and inhibiting osteoclasts-driven matrix resorption. Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP2) is a powerful osteoinductive biologic, used for the treatment of vertebral fractures and critically-sized bone defects. Although effective, the use of rhBMP2 has limitations due its recombinant morphogen nature. In this study, we examined the comparison between two osteoinductive agents: rhBMP2 and the innovative strontium-substituted hydroxyapatite nanoparticles. To test their effectiveness, we independently loaded Gelfoam sponges with the two osteoinductive agents and used the sponges as agent-carriers. Gelfoam are FDA-approved biodegradable medical devices used as delivery system for musculoskeletal defects. Their porous structure and spongy morphology make them attractive in orthopedic field. The abiotic characterization of the loaded sponges, involving ion release pattern and structure investigation, was followed by in vivo implantation onto the periosteum of healthy mice and comparison of the effects induced by each implant was performed. Abiotic analysis demonstrated that strontium was continuously released from the sponges over 28 days with a pattern similar to rhBMP2. Histological observations and gene expression analysis showed stronger endochondral ossification elicited by strontium compared to rhBMP2. Osteoclast activity was more inhibited by strontium than by rhBMP2. These results demonstrated the use of sponges loaded with strontium nanoparticles as potential bone grafts might provide better outcomes for complex fractures. Strontium nanoparticles are a novel and effective non-biologic treatment for bone injuries and can be used as novel powerful therapeutics for bone regeneration.

Published
2020
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23. Tobramycin Supplemented Small-Diameter Vascular Grafts for Local Antibiotic Delivery: A Preliminary Formulation Study

Author

Mariella Rosalia, Priusha Ravipati, Pietro Grisoli, Rossella Dorati, Ida Genta, Enrica Chiesa, Giovanna Bruni, and Bice Conti

Subjects
local drug delivery, small-diameter vascular graft, electrospinning, microbicidal effect, tobramycin, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

Peripheral artery occlusive disease is an emerging cardiovascular disease characterized by the blockage of blood vessels in the limbs and is associated with dysfunction, gangrene, amputation, and a high mortality risk. Possible treatments involve by-pass surgery using autologous vessel grafts, because of the lack of suitable synthetic small-diameter vascular prosthesis. One to five percent of patients experience vascular graft infection, with a high risk of haemorrhage, spreading of the infection, amputation and even death. In this work, an infection-proof vascular graft prototype was designed and manufactured by electrospinning 12.5% w/v poly-L-lactic-co-glycolic acid solution in 75% v/v dichloromethane, 23.8% v/v dimethylformamide and 1.2% v/v water, loaded with 0.2% w/wPLGA. Polymer and tobramycin concentrations were selected after viscosity and surface tension and after HPLC-UV encapsulation efficiency (EE%) evaluation, respectively. The final drug-loaded prototype had an EE% of 95.58% ± 3.14%, with smooth fibres in the nanometer range and good porosity; graft wall thickness was 291 ± 20.82 μm and its internal diameter was 2.61 ± 0.05 mm. The graft’s antimicrobic activity evaluation through time-kill assays demonstrated a significant and strong antibacterial activity over 5 days against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. An indirect cell viability assay on Normal Human Dermal Fibroblasts (NHDF) confirmed the cytocompatibility of the grafts.

Published
2021
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24. Combined Layer-by-Layer/Hydrothermal Synthesis of Fe3O4@MIL-100(Fe) for Ofloxacin Adsorption from Environmental Waters

Author

Michela Sturini, Constantin Puscalau, Giulia Guerra, Federica Maraschi, Giovanna Bruni, Francesco Monteforte, Antonella Profumo, and Doretta Capsoni

Subjects
combined layer-by-layer/hydrothermal synthesis, fluoroquinolone antibiotic, iron-based metal-organic frameworks, adsorption, wastewater treatment, magnetic remediation, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

A simple not solvent and time consuming Fe3O4@MIL-100(Fe), synthesized in the presence of a small amount of magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles (27.3 wt%), is here presented and discussed. Layer-by-layer alone (20 shell), and combined layer-by-layer (5 shell)/reflux or /hydrothermal synthetic procedures were compared. The last approach (Fe3O4@MIL-100_H sample) is suitable (i) to obtain rounded-shaped nanoparticles (200–400 nm diameter) of magnetite core and MIL-100(Fe) shell; (ii) to reduce the solvent and time consumption (the layer-by-layer procedure is applied only 5 times); (iii) to give the highest MIL-100(Fe) amount in the composite (72.7 vs. 18.5 wt% in the layer-by-layer alone); (iv) to obtain a high surface area of 3546 m2 g−1. The MIL-100(Fe) sample was also synthesized and both materials were tested for the absorption of Ofloxacin antibiotic (OFL). Langmuir model well describes OFL adsorption on Fe3O4@MIL-100_H, indicating an even higher adsorption capacity (218 ± 7 mg g−1) with respect to MIL-100 (123 ± 5 mg g−1). Chemisorption regulates the kinetic process on both the composite materials. Fe3O4@MIL-100_H performance was then verified for OFL removal at µg per liter in tap and river waters, and compared with MIL-100. Its relevant and higher adsorption efficiency and the magnetic behavior make it an excellent candidate for environmental depollution.

Published
2021
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25. Tubular Electrospun Vancomycin-Loaded Vascular Grafts: Formulation Study and Physicochemical Characterization

Author

Rossella Dorati, Enrica Chiesa, Mariella Rosalia, Silvia Pisani, Ida Genta, Giovanna Bruni, Tiziana Modena, and Bice Conti

Subjects
vessel, tubular graft, electrospinning, vancomycin, Organic chemistry, QD241-441
Abstract

This work aimed at formulating tubular grafts electrospun with a size < 6 mm and incorporating vancomycin as an antimicrobial agent. Compared to other papers, the present study succeeded in using medical healthcare-grade polymers and solvents permitted by ICH Topic Q3C (R4). Vancomycin (VMC) was incorporated into polyester synthetic polymers (poly-L-lactide-co-poly-ε-caprolactone and poly lactide-co-glycolide) using permitted solvents; moreover, a surfactant was added to the formulation in order to avoid the precipitation of VMC on fiber surface. A preliminary preformulation study was carried out to evaluate solubility of VMC in different aqueous and organic solvents and its stability. To reduce size of fibers and their orientation, we studied a solvent system based on methylene chloride and acetone (DCM/acetone), at different ratios (80:20, 70:30, and 60:40). Considering conductivity of solutions and their spinnability, solvent system at a 80:20 ratio was selected for the study. SEM images demonstrated that size of fibers, their distribution, and their orientation were affected by the incorporation of VMC and surfactant into polymer solution. Surfactant allowed for the reduction of precipitates of VMC on fiber surface, which are responsible of the high burst release in the first six hours; the release was mainly dependent on graft structure porosity, number of pores, and graft absorbent capability. A controlled release of VMC was achieved, covering a period from 96 to 168 h as a function of composition and structure; the concentration of VMC was significantly beyond VMC minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC, 2 ug/mL). These results indicated that the VMC tubular electrospun grafts not only controlled the local release of VMC, but also avoided onset of antibiotic resistance.

Published
2021
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26. The Physico-Chemical Properties of Glipizide: New Findings

Author

Giovanna Bruni, Ines Ghione, Vittorio Berbenni, Andrea Cardini, Doretta Capsoni, Alessandro Girella, Chiara Milanese, and Amedeo Marini

Subjects
glipizide, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, decomposition, polymorph, 5-methyl-N-[2-(4-sulphamoylphenyl)ethyl]pyrazine-2-carboxyamide, Organic chemistry, QD241-441
Abstract

The present work is a concrete example of how physico-chemical studies, if performed in depth, are crucial to understand the behavior of pharmaceutical solids and constitute a solid basis for the control of the reproducibility of the industrial batches. In particular, a deep study of the thermal behavior of glipizide, a hypoglycemic drug, was carried out with the aim of clarifying whether the recognition of its polymorphic forms can really be done on the basis of the endothermic peak that the literature studies attribute to the melting of the compound. A number of analytical techniques were used: thermal techniques (DSC, TGA), X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), FT-IR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Great attention was paid to the experimental design and to the interpretation of the combined results obtained by all these techniques. We proved that the attribution of the endothermic peak shown by glipizide to its melting was actually wrong. The DSC peak is no doubt triggered by a decomposition process that involves gas evolution (cyclohexanamine and carbon dioxide) and formation of 5-methyl-N-[2-(4-sulphamoylphenyl) ethyl] pyrazine-2-carboxamide, which remains as decomposition residue. Thermal treatments properly designed and the combined use of DSC with FT-IR and XRPD led to identifying a new polymorphic form of 5-methyl-N-[2-(4-sulphamoylphenyl) ethyl] pyrazine-2-carboxamide, which is obtained by crystallization from the melt. Hence, our results put into evidence that the check of the polymorphic form of glipizide cannot be based on the temperature values of the DSC peak, since such a peak is due to a decomposition process whose Tonset value is strongly affected by the particle size. Kinetic studies of the decomposition process show the high stability of solid glipizide at room temperature.

Published
2021
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27. Polyurethane-Based Coatings with Promising Antibacterial Properties

Author

Maurizio Villani, Federico Bertoglio, Elisa Restivo, Giovanna Bruni, Stefano Iervese, Carla Renata Arciola, Francesco Carulli, Salvatore Iannace, Fabio Bertini, and Livia Visai

Subjects
silver nanoparticles, thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), waterborne polyurethane (WPU), coatings, bactericidal surfaces, Technology, Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TK1-9971, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Microscopy, QH201-278.5, Descriptive and experimental mechanics, QC120-168.85
Abstract

In coatings technology, the possibility of introducing specific characteristics at the surface level allows for the manufacture of medical devices with efficient and prolonged antibacterial properties. This efficiency is often achieved by the use of a small amount of antibacterial molecules, which can fulfil their duty while limiting eventual releasing problems. The object of this work was the preparation and characterization of silver, titanium dioxide and chitosan polyurethane-based coatings. Coatings with the three antibacterials were prepared using different deposition techniques, using a brush or a bar coater automatic film applicator, and compared to solvent casted films prepared with the same components. For silver containing materials, an innovative strategy contemplating the use and preparation of silver nanoparticles in a single step-method was employed. This preparation was obtained starting from a silver precursor and using a single compound as the reducing agent and stabilizer. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, contact angle measurements and adhesion test experiments were used to characterize the prepared coatings. Promising antibacterial properties, measured via direct and indirect methods, were registered for all the silver-based materials.

Published
2020
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28. In Vitro Production of Calcified Bone Matrix onto Wool Keratin Scaffolds via Osteogenic Factors and Electromagnetic Stimulus

Author

Nora Bloise, Alessia Patrucco, Giovanna Bruni, Giulia Montagna, Rosalinda Caringella, Lorenzo Fassina, Claudio Tonin, and Livia Visai

Subjects
pulsed electromagnetic field, osteogenic factors, wool keratin scaffolds, bone tissue engineering, Technology, Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TK1-9971, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Microscopy, QH201-278.5, Descriptive and experimental mechanics, QC120-168.85
Abstract

Pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) has drawn attention as a potential tool to improve the ability of bone biomaterials to integrate into the surrounding tissue. We investigated the effects of PEMF (frequency, 75 Hz; magnetic induction amplitude, 2 mT; pulse duration, 1.3 ms) on human osteoblast-like cells (SAOS-2) seeded onto wool keratin scaffolds in terms of proliferation, differentiation, and production of the calcified bone extracellular matrix. The wool keratin scaffold offered a 3D porous architecture for cell guesting and nutrient diffusion, suggesting its possible use as a filler to repair bone defects. Here, the combined approach of applying a daily PEMF exposure with additional osteogenic factors stimulated the cells to increase both the deposition of bone-related proteins and calcified matrix onto the wool keratin scaffolds. Also, the presence of SAOS-2 cells, or PEMF, or osteogenic factors did not influence the compression behavior or the resilience of keratin scaffolds in wet conditions. Besides, ageing tests revealed that wool keratin scaffolds were very stable and showed a lower degradation rate compared to commercial collagen sponges. It is for these reasons that this tissue engineering strategy, which improves the osteointegration properties of the wool keratin scaffold, may have a promising application for long term support of bone formation in vivo.

Published
2020
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29. Graphene Nanoplatelets for the Development of Reinforced PLA–PCL Electrospun Fibers as the Next-Generation of Biomedical Mats

Author

Enrica Chiesa, Rossella Dorati, Silvia Pisani, Giovanna Bruni, Laura G. Rizzi, Bice Conti, Tiziana Modena, and Ida Genta

Subjects
electrospinning, graphene nanoplatelets, biodegradable polymers, poly-l-lactide-co-poly-ε-caprolactone, composite scaffolds, Organic chemistry, QD241-441
Abstract

Electrospun scaffolds made of nano- and micro-fibrous non-woven mats from biodegradable polymers have been intensely investigated in recent years. In this field, polymer-based materials are broadly used for biomedical applications since they can be managed in high scale, easily shaped, and chemically changed to tailor their specific biologic properties. Nonetheless polymeric materials can be reinforced with inorganic materials to produce a next-generation composite with improved properties. Herein, the role of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) on electrospun poly-l-lactide-co-poly-ε-caprolactone (PLA–PCL, 70:30 molar ratio) fibers was investigated. Microfibers of neat PLA–PCL and with different amounts of GNPs were produced by electrospinning and they were characterized for their physicochemical and biologic properties. Results showed that GNPs concentration notably affected the fibers morphology and diameters distribution, influenced PLA–PCL chain mobility in the crystallization process and tuned the mechanical and thermal properties of the electrospun matrices. GNPs were also liable of slowing down copolymer degradation rate in simulated physiological environment. However, no toxic impurities and degradation products were pointed out up to 60 d incubation. Furthermore, preliminary biologic tests proved the ability of the matrices to enhance fibroblast cells attachment and proliferation probably due to their unique 3D-interconnected structure.

Published
2020
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30. Tissue Engineered Esophageal Patch by Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: Optimization of Electrospun Patch Engineering

Author

Silvia Pisani, Stefania Croce, Enrica Chiesa, Rossella Dorati, Elisa Lenta, Ida Genta, Giovanna Bruni, Simone Mauramati, Alberto Benazzo, Lorenzo Cobianchi, Patrizia Morbini, Laura Caliogna, Marco Benazzo, Maria Antonietta Avanzini, and Bice Conti

Subjects
electrospinning, patch engineering, temperature induced precipitation, porcine mesenchymal stem cells, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

Aim of work was to locate a simple, reproducible protocol for uniform seeding and optimal cellularization of biodegradable patch minimizing the risk of structural damages of patch and its contamination in long-term culture. Two seeding procedures are exploited, namely static seeding procedures on biodegradable and biocompatible patches incubated as free floating (floating conditions) or supported by CellCrownTM insert (fixed conditions) and engineered by porcine bone marrow MSCs (p-MSCs). Scaffold prototypes having specific structural features with regard to pore size, pore orientation, porosity, and pore distribution were produced using two different techniques, such as temperature-induced precipitation method and electrospinning technology. The investigation on different prototypes allowed achieving several implementations in terms of cell distribution uniformity, seeding efficiency, and cellularization timing. The cell seeding protocol in stating conditions demonstrated to be the most suitable method, as these conditions successfully improved the cellularization of polymeric patches. Furthermore, the investigation provided interesting information on patches’ stability in physiological simulating experimental conditions. Considering the in vitro results, it can be stated that the in vitro protocol proposed for patches cellularization is suitable to achieve homogeneous and complete cellularizations of patch. Moreover, the protocol turned out to be simple, repeatable, and reproducible.

Published
2020
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31. Polyurethane-Based Composites: Effects of Antibacterial Fillers on the Physical-Mechanical Behavior of Thermoplastic Polyurethanes

Author

Maurizio Villani, Roberto Consonni, Maurizio Canetti, Federico Bertoglio, Stefano Iervese, Giovanna Bruni, Livia Visai, Salvatore Iannace, and Fabio Bertini

Subjects
polymer matrix composites, thermoplastic polyurethane (tpu), titanium dioxide, silver, chitosan, physical-mechanical properties, antibacterial, Organic chemistry, QD241-441
Abstract

The challenge to manufacture medical devices with specific antibacterial functions, and the growing demand for systems able to limit bacterial resistance growth, necessitates the development of new technologies which can be easily produced at an industrial level. The object of this work was the study and the development of silver, titanium dioxide, and chitosan composites for the realization and/or implementation of biomedical devices. Thermoplastic elastomeric polyurethane was selected and used as matrix for the various antibacterial functions introduced during the processing phase (melt compounding). This strategy was employed to directly incorporate antimicrobial agents into the main constituent material of the devices themselves. With the exception of the composite filled with titanium dioxide, all of the other tested composites were shown to possess satisfactory mechanical properties. The best antibacterial effects were obtained with all the composites against Staphylococcus aureus: viability was efficiently inhibited by the prepared materials in four different bacterial culture concentrations.

Published
2020
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32. Chitosan/Glycosaminoglycan Scaffolds: The Role of Silver Nanoparticles to Control Microbial Infections in Wound Healing

Author

Giuseppina Sandri, Dalila Miele, Angela Faccendini, Maria Cristina Bonferoni, Silvia Rossi, Pietro Grisoli, Angelo Taglietti, Marco Ruggeri, Giovanna Bruni, Barbara Vigani, and Franca Ferrari

Subjects
chitosan, chondroitin sulfate, hyaluronic acid, silver nanoparticles, electrospun skin scaffold, antimicrobial properties, enzymatic degradation, Organic chemistry, QD241-441
Abstract

Cutaneous wounds represent a major issue in medical care, with approximately 300 million chronic and 100 million traumatic wound patients worldwide, and microbial infections slow the healing process. The aim of this work was to develop electrospun scaffolds loaded with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to enhance cutaneous healing, preventing wound infections. AgNPs were directly added to polymeric blends based on chitosan (CH) and pullulan (PUL) with hyaluronic acid (HA) or chondroitin sulfate (CS) to be electrospun obtaining nanofibrous scaffolds. Moreover, a scaffold based on CH and PUL and loaded with AgNPs was prepared as a comparison. The scaffolds were characterized by chemico−physical properties, enzymatic degradation, biocompatibility, and antimicrobial properties. All the scaffolds were based on nanofibers (diameters about 500 nm) and the presence of AgNPs was evidenced by TEM and did not modify their morphology. The scaffold degradation was proven by means of lysozyme. Moreover, the AgNPs loaded scaffolds were characterized by a good propensity to promote fibroblast proliferation, avoiding the toxic effect of silver. Furthermore, scaffolds preserved AgNP antimicrobial properties, although silver was entrapped into nanofibers. Chitosan/chondroitin sulfate scaffold loaded with AgNPs demonstrated promotion of fibroblast proliferation and to possess antimicrobial properties, thus representing an interesting tool for the treatment of chronic wounds.

Published
2019
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33. Improvement of the Firocoxib Dissolution Performance Using Electrospun Fibers Obtained from Different Polymer/Surfactant Associations

Author

Lauretta Maggi, Valeria Friuli, Enrica Chiesa, Silvia Pisani, Mirena Sakaj, Paolo Celestini, and Giovanna Bruni

Subjects
polymeric fibers, surfactant, electrospinning, dissolution rate, veterinary drug, poorly soluble drug, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

An electrospinning process was optimized to produce fibers of micrometric size with different combinations of polymeric and surfactant materials to promote the dissolution rate of an insoluble drug: firocoxib. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) showed that only some combinations of the proposed carrier systems allowed the production of suitable fibers and further fine optimization of the technique is also needed to load the drug. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) suggest that the drug is in an amorphous state in the final product. Drug amorphization, the fine dispersion of the active in the carriers, and the large surface area exposed to water interaction obtained through the electrospinning process can explain the remarkable improvement in the dissolution performance of firocoxib from the final product developed.

Published
2019
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34. Release Profile of Gentamicin Sulfate from Polylactide-co-Polycaprolactone Electrospun Nanofiber Matrices

Author

Silvia Pisani, Rossella Dorati, Enrica Chiesa, Ida Genta, Tiziana Modena, Giovanna Bruni, Pietro Grisoli, and Bice Conti

Subjects
electrospinning, gentamicin sulfate, polylactide-co-polycaprolactone, drug release kinetics, Pharmacy and materia medica, RS1-441
Abstract

The advent and growth of resistance phenomena to antibiotics has reached critical levels, invalidating the action of a majority of antibiotic drugs currently used in the clinical field. Several innovative techniques, such as the nanotechnology, can be applied for creating innovative drug delivery systems designed to modify drug release itself and/or drug administration route; moreover, they have proved suitable for overcoming the phenomenon of antibiotic resistance. Electrospun nanofibers, due to their useful structural properties, are showing promising results as antibiotic release devices for preventing bacteria biofilm formation after surgical operation and for limiting resistance phenomena. In this work gentamicin sulfate (GS) was loaded into polylactide-co-polycaprolactone (PLA-PCL) electrospun nanofibers; quantification and in vitro drug release profiles in static and dynamic conditions were investigated; GS kinetic release from nanofibers was studied using mathematical models. A preliminary microbiological test was carried out towards Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria.

Published
2019
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35. Electrospun Alginate Fibers: Mixing of Two Different Poly(ethylene oxide) Grades to Improve Fiber Functional Properties

Author

Barbara Vigani, Silvia Rossi, Giulia Milanesi, Maria Cristina Bonferoni, Giuseppina Sandri, Giovanna Bruni, and Franca Ferrari

Subjects
electrospinning, ALG-containing fibers, poly(ethylene oxide), molecular weight, critical entanglement concentration, mechanical properties, intermolecular hydrogen bonds, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

The aim of the present work was to investigate how the molecular weight (MW) of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), a synthetic polymer able to improve alginate (ALG) electrospinnability, could affect ALG-based fiber morphology and mechanical properties. Two PEO grades, having different MWs (high, h-PEO, and low, l-PEO) were blended with ALG: the concentrations of both PEOs in each mixture were defined so that each h-PEO/l-PEO combination would show the same viscosity at high shear rate. Seven ALG/h-PEO/l-PEO mixtures were prepared and characterized in terms of viscoelasticity and conductivity and, for each mixture, a complex parameter rH/rL was calculated to better identify which of the two PEO grades prevails over the other in terms of exceeding the critical entanglement concentration. Thereafter, each mixture was electrospun by varying the process parameters; the fiber morphology and mechanical properties were evaluated. Finally, viscoelastic measurements were performed to verify the formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonds between the two PEO grades and ALG. rH/rL has been proved to be the parameter that better explains the effect of the electrospinning conditions on fiber dimension. The addition of a small amount of h-PEO to l-PEO was responsible for a significant increase in fiber mechanical resistance, without affecting the nano-scale fiber size. Moreover, the mixing of h-PEO and l-PEO improved the interaction with ALG, resulting in an increase in chain entanglement degree that is functional in the electrospinning process.

Published
2018
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36. Ether-Oxygen Containing Electrospun Microfibrous and Sub-Microfibrous Scaffolds Based on Poly(butylene 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylate) for Skeletal Muscle Tissue Engineering

Author

Nora Bloise, Emanuele Berardi, Chiara Gualandi, Elisa Zaghi, Matteo Gigli, Robin Duelen, Gabriele Ceccarelli, Emanuela Elsa Cortesi, Domiziana Costamagna, Giovanna Bruni, Nadia Lotti, Maria Letizia Focarete, Livia Visai, and Maurilio Sampaolesi

Subjects
muscle tissue engineering, myogenesis, electrospinning, microfibres and sub-microfibres, biodegradable polyesters, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

We report the study of novel biodegradable electrospun scaffolds from poly(butylene 1,4-cyclohexandicarboxylate-co-triethylene cyclohexanedicarboxylate) (P(BCE-co-TECE)) as support for in vitro and in vivo muscle tissue regeneration. We demonstrate that chemical composition, i.e., the amount of TECE co-units (constituted of polyethylene glycol-like moieties), and fibre morphology, i.e., aligned microfibrous or sub-microfibrous scaffolds, are crucial in determining the material biocompatibility. Indeed, the presence of ether linkages influences surface wettability, mechanical properties, hydrolytic degradation rate, and density of cell anchoring points of the studied materials. On the other hand, electrospun scaffolds improve cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation by favouring cell alignment along fibre direction (fibre morphology), also allowing for better cell infiltration and oxygen and nutrient diffusion (fibre size). Overall, C2C12 myogenic cells highly differentiated into mature myotubes when cultured on microfibres realised with the copolymer richest in TECE co-units (micro-P73 mat). Lastly, when transplanted in the tibialis anterior muscles of healthy, injured, or dystrophic mice, micro-P73 mat appeared highly vascularised, colonised by murine cells and perfectly integrated with host muscles, thus confirming the suitability of P(BCE-co-TECE) scaffolds as substrates for skeletal muscle tissue engineering.

Published
2018
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37. In Vitro Effectiveness of Microspheres Based on Silk Sericin and Chlorella vulgaris or Arthrospira platensis for Wound Healing Applications

Author

Elia Bari, Carla Renata Arciola, Barbara Vigani, Barbara Crivelli, Paola Moro, Giorgio Marrubini, Milena Sorrenti, Laura Catenacci, Giovanna Bruni, Theodora Chlapanidas, Enrico Lucarelli, Sara Perteghella, and Maria Luisa Torre

Subjects
silk sericin, Chlorella vulgaris, Arthrospira platensis, spray drying, microspheres, wound healing, Technology, Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TK1-9971, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Microscopy, QH201-278.5, Descriptive and experimental mechanics, QC120-168.85
Abstract

Some natural compounds have recently been widely employed in wound healing applications due to their biological properties. One such compound is sericin, which is produced by Bombix mori, while active polyphenols, polysaccharides and proteins are synthetized by Chlorella vulgaris and Arthrospira platensis microalgae. Our hypothesis was that sericin, as an optimal bioactive polymeric carrier for microencapsulation process, could also improve the regenerative effect of the microalgae. A solvent-free extraction method and spray drying technique were combined to obtain five formulations, based on algal extracts (C. vulgaris and A. platensis, Chl and Art, respectively) or silk sericin (Ser) or their mixtures (Chl-Ser and Art-Ser). The spray drying was a suitable method to produce microspheres with similar dimensions, characterized by collapsed morphology with a rough surface. Art and Art-Ser showed higher antioxidant properties than other formulations. All microspheres resulted in cytocompatibility on fibroblasts until 1.25 mg/mL and promoted cell migration and the complete wound closure; this positive effect was further highlighted after treatment with Art and Art-Ser. To our surprize the combination of sericin to Art did not improve the microalgae extract efficacy, at least in our experimental conditions.

Published
2017
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39. A proof of concept to define the parameters affecting poly-l-lactide-co-poly-ε-caprolactone shape memory electrospun nanofibers for biomedical applications

Author

Silvia Pisani, Ida Genta, Tiziana Modena, Rossella Dorati, Giovanna Bruni, Marco Benazzo, and Bice Conti

Subjects
Pharmaceutical Science
Abstract

This study is a proof of concept performed to evaluate process parameters affecting shape memory effect of copolymer poly-l-lactide-co-poly-ε-caprolactone (PLA:PCL) 70:30 ratio based nanofibrous scaffolds. A design of experiment (DOE) statistical approach was used to define the interaction between independent material and process variables related to electrospun scaffold manufacturing, such as polymer solution concentration (w/v%), spinning time (min), and needle size (Gauge), and their influence on Rf% (ability of the scaffold to maintain the induced temporary shape) and Rr% (ability of the scaffold to recover its original shape) outputs. A mathematical model was obtained from DOE useful to predict scaffold Rf% and Rr% values. PLA-PCL 15% w/v, 22G needle, and 20-min spinning time were selected to confirm the data obtained from theoretical model. Subsequent morphological (SEM), chemical-physical (GPC and DSC), mechanical (uniaxial tensile tests), and biological (cell viability and adhesion) characterizations were performed. Graphical abstract

Published
2022

40. New Emerging Inorganic–Organic Systems for Drug-Delivery: Hydroxyapatite@Furosemide Hybrids

Author

Marzia La Rocca, Alessia Rinaldi, Giovanna Bruni, Valeria Friuli, Lauretta Maggi, and Marcella Bini

Subjects
Polymers and Plastics, Materials Chemistry
Abstract

In the pharmaceutical market, the need to find effective systems for the efficient release of poorly bioavailable drugs is a forefront topic. The inorganic–organic hybrid materials have been recognized as one of the most promising systems. In this paper, we developed new Hydroxypapatite@Furosemide hybrids with improved dissolution rates in different media with respect to the drug alone. The hybrids formation was demonstrated by SEM/EDS measurements (showing homogeneous distribution of the elements) and FT-IR spectroscopy. The drug was adsorbed onto hydroxyapatite surfaces in amorphous form, as demonstrated by XRPD and its thermal stability was improved due to the absence, in the hybrids, of melting and decomposition peaks typical of the drug. The Sr substitution on Ca sites in hydroxyapatite allows increasing the surface area and pore volume, foreseeing a high capacity of drug loading. The dissolution tests of the hybrid compounds show dissolution rates much faster than the drug alone in different fluids, and also their solubility and wetting ability is improved in comparison to furosemide alone.

Published
2022

41. Zaltoprofen/4,4′-Bipyridine: A Case Study to Demonstrate the Potential of Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) in the Pharmaceutical Field

Author

Giovanna Bruni, Vittorio Berbenni, Chiara Ferrara, Amedeo Marini, Doretta Capsoni, Francesco Monteforte, Valeria Friuli, Piercarlo Mustarelli, Chiara Milanese, Lauretta Maggi, Alessandro Girella, Bruni, G, Maggi, L, Monteforte, F, Ferrara, C, Capsoni, D, Berbenni, V, Milanese, C, Girella, A, Friuli, V, Mustarelli, P, and Marini, A

Subjects
Dissolution rate, Work (thermodynamics), Materials science, Pyridines, Pharmaceutical Science, Thermodynamics, Cocrystal, chemistry.chemical_compound, Bipyridine, Differential scanning calorimetry, X-Ray Diffraction, Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared, Zaltoprofen/4,4' Bipyridine, Benzopyrans, Solubility, Dissolution, Calorimetry, Differential Scanning, Buffer solution, Thermodynamic model, 4,4'-Bipyridine, Pharmaceutical Preparations, chemistry, Spectroscopic characterization, Propionates, Crystallization, Powder Diffraction
Abstract

The Zaltoprofen/4,4'-Bipyridine system gives rise to two co-crystals of different compositions both endowed - in water and in buffer solution at pH 4.5 - with considerably higher solubility and dissolution rate than the pure drug. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of the DSC measurements, carried out on samples made up of mixtures prepared according to different methodologies, allows us to elaborate and propose an accurate thermodynamic model that fully takes into account the qualitative aspects of the complex experimental framework and which provides quantitative predictions (reaction enthalpies and compositions of the co-crystals) in excellent agreement with the experimental results. Co-crystal formation and cocrystal compositions were confirmed by X-ray diffraction measurements as well as by FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy measurements. The quantitative processing of DSC measurements rationalizes and deepens the scientific aspects underlying the so-called Tammann's triangle and constitutes a model of general validity. The work shows that DSC has enormous potential, which however can be fully exploited only by paying adequate attention to the experimental aspects and the quantitative processing of the measurements.

Published
2021

42. Fe

Author

Doretta, Capsoni, Paola, Lucini, Debora Maria, Conti, Michela, Bianchi, Federica, Maraschi, Beatrice, De Felice, Giovanna, Bruni, Maryam, Abdolrahimi, Davide, Peddis, Marco, Parolini, Silvia, Pisani, and Michela, Sturini

Abstract

The present work aimed at decorating halloysite nanotubes (HNT) with magnetic Fe

Published
2022

43. BioFiber: An advanced fibrous textured dressing to manage exudate in severe wounds

Author

Erika Maria Tottoli, Enrica Chiesa, Gabriele Ceccarelli, Silvia Pisani, Giovanna Bruni, Ida Genta, Bice Conti, and Rossella Dorati

Subjects
Wound Healing, Tensile Strength, Pharmaceutical Science, Humans, Exudates and Transudates, Burns, Bandages
Abstract

Biofiber is a new generation of highly absorbent, and textured bandage with patented fiber technology. Biofiber has a sophisticated texture that provides an optimum balance of moisture, flexibility, and conformability, and it has been developed with specific properties to treat complex injuries like burns. The dressing has been designed to be completely adaptable to human anatomy, and it can be fitted to any part of the body, adapting to all curves and jointures, as well as fitting the facial features. Prototypes of PLA-PCL-based textured bandages were developed by electrospinning, characterized, and evaluated for complex wound care. The texture is both esthetic and functional; fibers were uniformly sized (2.2 ± 0.8 and 4.5 ± 0.3 µm) and well interconnected. The texture facilitates vertical absorption of exudate up to 2.5 g/g of bandage, and the high contact angle values (120 - 100°) create an optimum balance of moisture for the healing process. The textured prototypes turned out to be extremely stable; no sign of bandage debris was found by the standard test, BS EN 13726-1.7. In addition, the round texture (3R) showed improvements in tensile strength (0.27 ± 0.019 MPa), ultimate tensile strength (0.83 ± 0.05 MPa) with higher breaking point (0.91 ± 0.05 MPa) compared to control (Mepilex Lite®). The amount of albumin (BSA) and Fibrinogen (Fb) adhered on textured fiber prototypes was calculated by BCA Assay, all prototypes demonstrated strong BSA (ranging from 81.66 ± 8.93 to 182.73 ± 2.07 μg protein/mg dressing) and enhanced Fb shielding (ranging from 108.25 ± 7.3 to 238.12 ± 17.76 μg protein/mg dressing). Their MVTR values ranged from 2313.27 ± 58.86 to 2603.33 ± 50.41 g/m

Published
2022

44. Preliminary investigation on a new natural based poly(gamma‐glutamic acid)/Chitosan bioink

Author

Enrica Chiesa, Franca Scocozza, Giovanna Bruni, Bice Conti, Camilla Mariotti, Rossella Dorati, Ida Genta, Silvia Pisani, Ferdinando Auricchio, and Michele Conti

Subjects
Biocompatible polymers, food.ingredient, Materials science, 0206 medical engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Poly(gamma-glutamic acid), 02 engineering and technology, Gelatin, Biomaterials, Chitosan, chemistry.chemical_compound, food, Rheology, Materials Testing, Humans, Viability assay, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Bioprinting, Hydrogels, Fibroblasts, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 020601 biomedical engineering, Polyglutamic Acid, Chemical engineering, chemistry, Printing, Three-Dimensional, Extrusion, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

The study aims to investigate a novel bioink made from Chitosan (Cs)/ poly(gamma-glutamic acid) (Gamma-PGA) hydrogel that takes advantage of the two biodegradable and biocompatible polymers meeting most of the requirements for biomedical applications. The bioink could be an alternative to other materials commonly used in 3D-bioprinting such as gelatin or alginate. Cs/ Gamma-PGA hydrogel was prepared by double extrusion of Gamma-PGA and Cs solutions, where 2 × 105 human adult fibroblasts per ml Cs solution had been loaded, through Cellink 3D-Bioprinter at 37°C. A computer aided design model was used to get 3D-bioprinting of a four layers grid hydrogel construct with 70% infill. Hydrogel characterization involved rheology, FTIR analysis, stability study (mass loss [ML], fluid uptake [FU]), and cell retaining ability into hydrogel. 3D-bioprinted hydrogel gelation time resulted to be

Published
2020

45. Combining Biologically Active β-Lactams Integrin Agonists with Poly(l-lactic acid) Nanofibers: Enhancement of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Adhesion

Author

Maria Letizia Focarete, Giovanna Bruni, Giulia Martelli, Nora Bloise, Daria Giacomini, Livia Visai, Andrea Merlettini, Martelli G., Bloise N., Merlettini A., Bruni G., Visai L., Focarete M.L., and Giacomini D.

Subjects
Integrins, Polymers and Plastics, Polyesters, Integrin, Nanofibers, Bioengineering, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, beta-Lactams, 01 natural sciences, Article, Biomaterials, Focal adhesion, Tissue engineering, Materials Chemistry, Cell Adhesion, Humans, Lactic Acid, Cell adhesion, Cell Proliferation, β‑Lactams, Integrin Agonists, Poly(L‑lactic acid), Nanofibers, Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Adhesion, biology, Tissue Engineering, Tissue Scaffolds, Chemistry, Mesenchymal stem cell, Cell Differentiation, Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Adhesion, Vinculin, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, Cell biology, biology.protein, Stem cell, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

Regulating stem cell adhesion and growth onto functionalized biomaterial scaffolds is an important issue in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. In this study, new electrospun scaffolds of poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA), as bioresorbable polymer, and β-lactam compounds agonists of selected integrins, as functional components with cell adhesive properties, are designed. The new β-lactam-PLLA scaffolds contribute significantly in guiding protein translation involved in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSC) adhesion and integrin gene expression. Scanning electron microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and Western Blot analyses reveal that GM18-PLLA shows the best results, promoting cell adhesion by significantly driving changes in focal adhesion proteins distribution (β1 integrin and vinculin) and activation (pFAK), with a notable increase of GM18-Targets subunits integrin gene expression, α4 and β1. These novel functionalized submicrometric fibrous scaffolds demonstrate, for the first time, the powerful combination of selective β-lactams agonists of integrins with biomimetic scaffolds, suggesting a designed rule that could be suitably applied to tissue repair and regeneration.

Published
2020

46. Erratum to: Search for diboson resonances in hadronic final states in 139 fb−1 of pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

Author

M. Franklin, Philippe Calfayan, Ioannis Manthos, P. van Gemmeren, Martin Sykora, Gabriel John Facini, Michel Janus, Francesco Giuseppe Gravili, Valerio Bortolotto, Dirk Duschinger, Nico Giangiacomi, Laurent Serin, Edgar Kellermann, Andrew Chisholm, Kaushik De, Damir Duvnjak, Georgios Iakovidis, Daniela Boerner, Albert Olariu, Mikhail Demichev, Samuel Dysch, Valerio D'Amico, Marcelo Vogel, A. Ezhilov, Libor Nozka, A. Onofre, Jan Stark, Ingo Bloch, L. A. M. Wiik-Fuchs, Henry Lubatti, Marta Maria Perego, E. Yu. Soldatov, Raquel Pezoa, Louis D'eramo, Niklaus Lehmann, K. O. H. Vadla, Lidia Smirnova, Laurent Chevalier, Tetiana Hryn'ova, Louie Corpe, Kerstin Jon-And, Yanjun Tu, Kiyotomo Kawagoe, Daniel Guest, Tairan Xu, Giuseppe Lerner, Michael Ughetto, Milos Lokajicek, Mariusz Przybycien, Michael Andrew Parker, Tyler James Burch, Y. Kulchitsky, Liang Guan, Elias Michael Ruttinger, Calin Alexa, Fabrizio Napolitano, Y. Zhang, Stephanie Majewski, Ulrich Parzefall, M. Ziolkowski, Scott Snyder, Brian Moser, Carlos Lacasta, Masaya Ishino, R. Goncalves Gama, Amanda Steinhebel, Vincent Garonne, Sandro Palestini, Robert Les, Oleg Brandt, Didier Alexandre, J. Llorente Merino, Tingting Cao, Remi Lafaye, N. L. Abraham, Radim Slovak, B. R. Mellado Garcia, Johannes Erdmann, Sara Ghasemi, Naim Bora Atlay, H. Zhang, Philippe Mermod, Alexander Sakharov, Joseph Haley, Thorben Swirski, F. Wang, Michel Vetterli, Heidi Sandaker, Sten Hellman, Steve Muanza, Alexis Roger Louis Vallier, R. Cherkaoui El Moursli, Dimitrios Sampsonidis, R. Teixeira De Lima, Imma Riu, Rebecca Anne Linck, J. Manjarres Ramos, W. K. Di Clemente, Daniil Ponomarenko, Krzysztof Ciesla, Tomas Sykora, Valery Schegelsky, Sabrina Groh, Filip Nechansky, J. Chudoba, Fabian Wilk, Kevin Hildebrand, Bostjan Macek, L. Pedraza Diaz, A. Cueto, Y. Amaral Coutinho, Francesco Guescini, J. Barreiro Guimarães da Costa, Michela Paganini, Sergey Burdin, Dmitry Emeliyanov, Yasuhiro Makida, D. Vazquez Furelos, Jorge Andres Lopez Lopez, Baptiste Ravina, C. Schmitt, Bing Zhou, Martin Kocian, M. Garcia-Sciveres, Yu Nakahama, L. F. Flores, M. I. Gostkin, Sally Seidel, Steve McMahon, U. Soldevila, Laurent Schoeffel, Robert Gardner, Joaquin Hoya, Jack Henry Lindon, Stefano Manzoni, A. Sanchez Pineda, G. Rahal, Massimo Lazzaroni, Simen Hellesund, W. Y. Chan, Nabila Wahab Shaikh, Gianluca Introzzi, Y. W. Liu, Eva Hansen, Ryan Christopher Edgar, Martina Laura Ojeda, Zoya Karpova, Ki Lie, Helge Christoph Beck, Andrea Sansoni, Francesco Cirotto, Kyungeon Choi, Nicola Semprini-Cesari, Andrew Ferrante, Zachary Michael Schillaci, Kira Abeling, Martin Spousta, Fumihiko Ukegawa, Andrea Formica, Kentaro Kawade, Kerstin Lantzsch, Milene Calvetti, Oldrich Kepka, Oxana Smirnova, Christoph Falk Anders, Atanu Pathak, Akihiro Higashida, Daniel Lellouch, Wei Wang, Martine Bosman, Venetios Polychronakos, Sergio Gonzalez-Sevilla, Giulio Tiziano Forcolin, Pamela Ferrari, Dominique Pallin, Christos Bakalis, Armin Michael Nairz, Marzieh Bahmani, Konstantinos Bachas, Maike Christina Hansen, Michael Pitt, Laurent Vacavant, Sw. Banerjee, Suyog Shrestha, Steffen Maeland, S. Chen, Jovan Mitrevski, Luigi Longo, S. De Cecco, E. K. U. Gross, Göran Jarlskog, Sebastian Heer, Jannik Geisen, Marco Schioppa, Nikolaos Konstantinidis, Sebastian Mergelmeyer, R. D. Schamberger, Hanna Maria Borecka-Bielska, Giancarlo Spigo, Kathleen Whalen, John Kenneth Anders, S. Marti-Garcia, Vasiliki A Mitsou, Hongfang Liu, Ondrej Hladik, Athina Kourkoumeli-Charalampidi, Tomas Jakoubek, Krisztian Peters, Pascal Pralavorio, T. R. V. Billoud, Daniele Zanzi, Gonzalo Enrique Orellana, Lamberto Luminari, Simon Holm Stark, Shuwei Ye, Branislav Ristic, Y. W. Y. Ng, C. Garcia-Argos, Andrey Ryzhov, Andrea Bocci, Per Edvin Sidebo, Alberto Aloisio, Isabel Nitsche, Maciej Trzebinski, Vladimir Zhulanov, P. S. Wells, Alix Fell, Brian Le, Tetiana Moskalets, Loic Valery, Ryszard Stroynowski, Emily Marie Duffield, Valerio Ippolito, Agnieszka Ewa Ogrodnik, Polina Nechaeva, Esra Mohammed Shrif, Marco Valente, I. P. J. Shipsey, Deepak Kar, M. A. Pleier, Ji Zhu, Stuart Derek Walker, Gabriella Sciolla, A. Polini, Qiang Li, Bakar Chargeishvili, Jianming Qian, Andrew Hard, Markus Cristinziani, Nadav Michael Tamir, Efstathios Karentzos, Ivan Sykora, Abraham Seiden, Daniel Lawrence Briglin, Dave Charlton, Rachel Hyneman, Hulin Wang, Monique A. M. Gignac, Emmanuel Sauvan, Nedaa Asbah, S. De Castro, Thomas Meideck, Konstantin Beloborodov, Alexey Anisenkov, Nikita Belyaev, Ann Miao Wang, G. Duckeck, Vaclav Vacek, V. Andrei, Federica Legger, Elizaveta Shabalina, Harry James Moss, Sanmay Ganguly, P. Gadow, Sergey Karpov, Johannes Josef Junggeburth, Kenji Hamano, Corinne Goy, Shyam Balaji, Ahmed Hasib, Gabriella Gaudio, Cecilia Tosciri, Stanislav Pospisil, Louis Fayard, Thorwald Klapdor-kleingrothaus, Savanna Marie Shaw, A. Mirto, Stephen Albert Weber, Magdalena Slawinska, Shaojun Sun, Marc Escalier, Victor Solovyev, Clara Troncon, Sabrina Sacerdoti, I. M. Gregor, Tetsuro Mashimo, Hassane Hamdaoui, Luka Kanjir, Peter Charles Mcnamara, Stefania Xella, Fr Pastore, Jeanette Lorenz, David Milstead, Jia Jian Teoh, Ahmed Bassalat, Kevin Einsweiler, Fabian Becherer, Victor Maleev, Karl Jakobs, Ambrosius Thomas Vermeulen, Garabed Halladjian, Andreas Honle, Alyssa Montalbano, John Baines, S. Ketabchi Haghighat, E. V. Bouhova-Thacker, Timothy Andeen, Adam Maxwell Azoulay, E. Petit, Andrey Minaenko, Ariel Schwartzman, Stefania Spagnolo, Peter Johannes Falke, Klaus Hamacher, Tatiana Klioutchnikova, Terry Richard Wyatt, A. T. Watson, James Boyd, J. A. Wilson, Carlo Enrico Pandini, M. De Santis, Daniel Muenstermann, Nicolas Morange, Chung-Yau Lo, Andrey Soukharev, A. Nag Nag, Sergei Chekanov, Ourania Sidiropoulou, Sinem Simsek, Jonathan Butterworth, Julia Hrdinka, P. J. Clark, P. H. Sales De Bruin, Anum Qureshi, David DeMarco, J. M. P. Pasner, C. Young, Nurcan Ozturk, Nacim Haddad, Emre Celebi, Olivier Arnaez, Alexandra Tudorache, C. A. Solans Sanchez, Matthew Berg Epland, Giulia Gonella, Jelena Jovicevic, Kohei Yorita, Nansi Andari, Lianyou Shan, Richard Nisius, Cristinel Diaconu, O. Cakir, Virginia Ruth Bailey, Mario Campanelli, Joseph Reichert, Markus Schumacher, Elliot Lipeles, Saleh Sultansoy, Antonio Salvucci, S. Timoshenko, Russell James Turner, Laurie Iain McClymont, Haiping Peng, Borut Paul Kerševan, Anjishnu Bandyopadhyay, Janet Dietrich, Gustaaf Brooijmans, Lesya Anna Horyn, Tom McCarthy, Y. Li, Kilian Rosbach, Ehud Duchovni, Alexander Zaitsev, Koki Maekawa, Takahiro Fusayasu, Anjali Krishnan, Helena Santos, Gabriela Navarro, Veronica Fabiani, Melissa Ridel, Deshan Kavishka Abhayasinghe, Aranzazu Ruiz-Martinez, Giovandomenico Carducci, G. A. Chelkov, Sebastien Rettie, Amal Vaidya, Andre Schoening, Laura Jean Bergsten, S. V. Zeißner, Shi Che, Zihao Jiang, Yoav Afik, Timon Heim, J. Machado Miguens, A. Lanza, P. J. Hsu, Shogo Kido, Michael David Werner, Ioannis Nomidis, Francesco Lanni, Nikolai Fomin, Kristin Lohwasser, Sigve Haug, Mattias Birman, Joern Grosse-Knetter, E. Torró Pastor, Sergio Grancagnolo, Archil Durglishvili, Hella Leonie Snoek, Jean-Francois Grivaz, G. Otero, Ralf P. Richter, D. Rodriguez Rodriguez, Bertrand Laforge, M. El Kacimi, Akira Yamamoto, J. C. Rivera Vergara, Claudia Merlassino, Balthasar Maria Schachtner, Miriam Watson, Anastasia Kurova, A. T. H. Arce, Dirk Sammel, M. U. F. Martensson, Sven Menke, Bijan Haney, Ilya Korolkov, M. G. Alviggi, Mogens Dam, Daniel Christopher Kelsey, Andrea Sciandra, Kotaro Wakamiya, L. Bellagamba, Mazin Khader, Else Lytken, Trine Poulsen, P. de Jong, Matthias Saimpert, James Catmore, Artur Trofymov, D. Di Valentino, Tulin Varol, Hannes Mildner, Allison Mccarn Deiana, J. Jimenez Pena, M. J. Oreglia, Jean-Francois Laporte, Balazs Konya, Ina Carli, Andrew Blue, Peter Schacht, Geoffrey Gilles, Martin Spangenberg, Shigeru Odaka, Giuseppe Avolio, Givi Sekhniaidze, Juraj Smiesko, Roberto Spighi, Christopher Meyer, Sylvain Tisserant, Wolfgang Walkowiak, Jennet Dickinson, Christopher Deutsch, Christopher Samuel Pollard, Claudio Luci, Patrawan Pasuwan, Driss Benchekroun, Kunihiro Nagano, Shensheng Han, Trygve Buanes, J. Tanaka, F. A. Di Bello, Lidia Dell'Asta, Xuanhong Lou, Kathryn Grimm, Nikolai Marcel Hartmann, M. Morii, Uli Schäfer, Evangelos Gkougkousis, Sofia Adorni, Clement Camincher, E. Bergeaas Kuutmann, J. Albert, Masao Saito, V. Dao, H. Ten Kate, Simona Serena Bocchetta, A. Ventura, Y. Hernández Jiménez, Masahiro Yamatani, T. Ženiš, Fabrizio Trovato, Francesco Ragusa, Dimitris Varouchas, I. Lopez Paz, Yury Ryabov, Oleg Kuprash, V. Castillo Gimenez, Fabrice Hubaut, Ben Carlson, M. Wittgen, Petr Sicho, R. S. P. Mueller, Auriane Canesse, Carlos Escobar, E. D. Mendes Gouveia, Speranza Falciano, Geoffrey Mullier, Fabrice Balli, Tobias Kupfer, Georgios Zacharis, Alexander Gavrilyuk, Apostolos Tsirigotis, D. Levin, Bianca Monica Ciungu, C. A. Johnson, Jyoti Prakash Biswal, Karsten Köneke, E. von Toerne, Henrik Oppen, Jing Wang, Julien Caudron, Juraj Bracinik, Vit Vorobel, N. D. Dann, Petr Jacka, Manfredi Ronzani, Zineb Idrissi, John Rutherfoord, Dwayne Patrick Spiteri, Xiaohu Sun, Douglas Davis, Toshi Sumida, Diane Cinca, Fabien Jeanneau, Luca Fiorini, Jianqiao Ye, Marco Lavorgna, Frederic Deliot, J. J. Lozano Bahilo, Jacob Henry Rawling, Jing Guo, Patrick Scholer, Asma Hadef, Rachid Mazini, Joyful Elma Mdhluli, Tomoya Iizawa, Lydia Brenner, Emily Nurse, Merve Sahinsoy, D. Pohl, J. K. K. Liu, Elizabeth Gallas, Antonio Boveia, Gabriel Palacino, Arthur Rene Chomont, Jonathan Shlomi, W. Fedorko, Victor Sorin Martoiu, Bmm Allbrooke, Takanori Kono, Petr Balek, A. T. Doyle, Gregorio Bernardi, Johannes Balz, C. Di Donato, Xing Long Li, Francesco Spanò, Z. Liang, Edoardo Maria Farina, Takuto Kunigo, Zvi Hirsh Citron, Oleg Meshkov, Benedetto Giacobbe, O. M. Kind, Paul Gessinger-Befurt, Fernando Barreiro, O. E. Vickey Boeriu, Giuseppe Salamanna, Ines Ochoa, Helmut Wolters, Y-H. Chen, Gavin Pownall, Robert J. Bielski, Tomas Kosek, S. Yang, Sara Caroline Alderweireldt, Douglas Benjamin, Zuzana Rurikova, Francesco Maria Follega, Wouter Verkerke, V. Araujo Ferraz, Sergey Kuleshov, Nataliia Zakharchuk, Revital Kopeliansky, Harshna Jivan, Milena Bajic, Takashi Kubota, Raphael Vuillermet, Martina Javurkova, Hadar Yosef Cohen, F. J. Munoz Sanchez, Emma Sian Kuwertz, C. Adam Bourdarios, Ren-You Zhang, Mikhail Mineev, M. C. N. Fiolhais, Georges Aad, Antoine Marzin, Peter Tornambe, D. M. Strom, David William Thomas, Nikola Makovec, Jelena Krstic, Adam Trzupek, Anamika Aggarwal, Priscilla Pani, Rhys Edward Owen, Duc Ta, Alexey Boldyrev, Claudia Glasman, Simon Berlendis, Yoshiji Yasu, A. Andreazza, Evgeniy Khramov, Andrew Washbrook, Emilio Higón-Rodriguez, L. B. A. H. Hommels, M. Rescigno, Michael Hance, Yuji Minegishi, J. W. Smith, Carlos Sandoval, Tasneem Rashid, Will Davey, Alberto Cervelli, Maria Giulia Ratti, J. Kroll, A. Pacheco Pages, Nguyen Phuong Dang, Hidetoshi Otono, Torre Wenaus, A. J. Barr, Julian Wollrath, Yoram Rozen, F. Luehring, R. M. Faisca Rodrigues Pereira, Andreas Redelbach, Hiroshi Sakamoto, T. S. Lau, Luca Martinelli, Gen Kawamura, Are Sivertsen Traeet, Kevin Black, Y. Delabat Diaz, A. G. Clark, Ahmet Bingul, Elzbieta Richter-Was, Michal Marcisovsky, Adam James Bozson, Martin Aleksa, Elliott Cheu, Lotte Ansgaard Thomsen, Ferdinand Schenck, F. Lasagni Manghi, Dominic Hirschbuehl, Srinivasan Rajagopalan, Anne Marie Sickles, Matthew Edgar Leblanc, G. Lehmann Miotto, C. M. Vergel Infante, O. 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Naranjo Garcia, Adam Jinaru, C. N. P. Gee, Artem Basalaev, Kamil Augsten, Serkant Ali Cetin, Gerhard Ferdinand Rzehorz, R. P. Middleton, Rhys Thomas Roberts, Shan Jin, Sandra Leone, Marek Palka, A. M. Henriques Correia, Joseph Stanford Ennis, Christos Lampoudis, Lydia Roos, Yi-Tao Wang, Kazuya Mochizuki, Peter Love, Maximilian Georg Herrmann, H. S. Chen, Benjamin William Allen, David Dodsworth, Stefanie Todt, Kenneth Wraight, Yu-Ting Shen, Ivor Fleck, Sofiia Hyrych, V. Kartvelishvili, Santiago Juan Batista, Raymond Brock, G. Mikenberg, Giovanni Crosetti, Stefania Antonia Stucci, Giovanna Bruni, Klaus Mönig, A. M. Rodríguez Vera, Florian Bauer, S. Yu. Smirnov, Sebastian Artz, J. Proudfoot, Patrick Czodrowski, James Andrew Kendrick, Kayla Dawn McLean, M. Faucci Giannelli, Jonathan Crane, Karol Krizka, Stefan Gadatsch, M. A. L. Leite, Evangelos Gazis, Mathis Kolb, Eftychia Tzovara, Johannes Donatus Mellenthin, Matej Melo, Lorenzo Feligioni, Joleen Pater, Filomena Sopkova, N. Viaux Maira, Adomas Jelinskas, Kazuki Motohashi, Karel Cerny, Alessandro Gabrielli, Y. Jiang, Matthew Peter Heath, Chris Hays, Tord Ekelof, Monica Verducci, Stephen Sekula, Arthur Schaffer, Xifeng Ruan, Vladimir Tikhomirov, Ioulian Budagov, Makoto Tomoto, Lewis Joseph Wilkins, Yahya Tayalati, Ph. Schune, W-M. Yao, S. J. Lee, Claude Guyot, Gabriele Chiodini, Sinead Farrington, Georg Zobernig, E. Sideras Haddad, Wade Cameron Fisher, David Reikher, Takuya Tashiro, D. della Volpe, Thomas Peiffer, Christopher Hayes, Mario Grandi, P. A. Delsart, C. P. A. Roland, Mario Spina, Yoji Hasegawa, Matei Eugen Vasile, Juan Pedro Araque, Eduard Kladiva, Mjr Olsson, L. Aperio Bella, A. Farilla, Pedro Teixeira-Dias, Nicoletta Garelli, Michael R. Wessels, K. J. C. Leney, A. M. Cooper-Sarkar, Giacinto Piacquadio, Florian Hinterkeuser, L. L. Ma, Kalliopi Iordanidou, Aaron Liblong, Nadezda Proklova, Yun Sang Chow, Declan Andrew Millar, J.-H. Arling, Andrzej Smykiewicz, Stefano Camarda, Simona Gargiulo, Syed Haider Abidi, Ketevi Assamagan, Theodor Christian Herwig, Leonardo Paolo Rossi, Marzio Nessi, Jeremy Love, Rachael Ann Creager, Fudong He, Andrea Negri, Alberto Valero, Stefano Giagu, Alessandro Cerri, Jennifer Kathryn Roloff, Rinat Fakhrutdinov, A. Juste Rozas, Nicolo Vladi Biesuz, Kendall Reeves, Paul Jackson, S. R. Paredes Saenz, Philip Bechtle, A. Glazov, Filipe Veloso, Christos Vergis, Nenad Vranjes, R. M. D. Carney, Elena Rocco, Oliver Ricken, Jan Jongmanns, Monika Mittal, Dewen Zhong, Thomas James Stevenson, Jens Janssen, Pavel Staroba, Minyu Feng, Jemal Khubua, Merve Nazlim Agaras, Alexander Mann, Qipeng Hu, S. Campana, Annabelle Julia Chuinard, Yang Qin, Sophie Trincaz-Duvoid, Kazuhiko Hara, Irina Antonela Cioara, Matthew James Sullivan, Mariel Nelson Pettee, Sarah Demers, Johann Collot, Giordon Holtsberg Stark, Daniela Salvatore, Katsuo Tokushuku, Christophe Clement, Arnaud Dubreuil, Gaetano Barone, F. Rauscher, P. Skubic, Emery Nibigira, M. Del Gaudio, Dominik Derendarz, Johan Sebastian Bonilla, J. Beringer, J. Griffiths, Marco Scodeggio, Antonio Giannini, Audrey Katherine Kvam, Michel Lefebvre, Miroslav Myska, Elliot Reynolds, Rosy Nicolaidou, Francesco Gonnella, Mark Neubauer, Giorgi Arabidze, Kosuke Takeda, Darren Price, Fedor Prokoshin, Pierre Savard, Paul Fraser Harrison, Takuya Honda, D. Oliveira Damazio, Janusz Chwastowski, Sharka Todorova-Nova, Matthew Craig Mondragon, Frued Erik Braren, P. U. E. Onyisi, A. Di Girolamo, Edson Carquin, Fumiya Yamane, Christian Grefe, Robert Johannes Langenberg, L. Di Ciaccio, Mohammad Jawad Kareem, Pavel Murin, S. Willocq, Matthew Glenn Kurth, Vincenzo Canale, Vakhtang Tsulaia, Pavel Podberezko, Stewart Patrick Swift, Sarah Louise Barnes, David Cameron, John Stupak, Tomas Blazek, Giulia Ripellino, Julian Constantin Schmoeckel, Tomasz Bold, Yuta Okazaki, Yann Coadou, Faig Ahmadov, Blake Burghgrave, Karishma Sekhon, Salah-eddine Dahbi, Monica Dobre, Felix Fidelio Klitzner, Thibault Guillemin, Caterina Marcon, Umar Gul, Siegfried Bethke, Caterina Doglioni, Stanislav Tokár, J. Ocariz, Arnaud Duperrin, Heather Gray, Steven Williams, Andrey Karyukhin, M. Reale, R. M. Barnett, S. Y. Suzuki, Riccardo Vari, Maria Pilar Casado, Dennis Perepelitsa, Emma Tolley, Michaela Mlynarikova, Ian Brock, G. Eigen, Hicham Atmani, Mirta Dumancic, S. J. Chen, F. Safai Tehrani, Adrian Buzatu, R. Kowalewski, Andrei Alexandru Geanta, Albert Francis Casha, Robert Stanek, J. Huston, Souad Batlamous, Vanja Morisbak, T. R. Van Daalen, Tobias Flick, Gabriele D'amen, Lukasz Zwalinski, Andreas Reiss, Masahiro Morinaga, Sheena Schier, D. Camarero Munoz, Chrysostomos Valderanis, Yohei Yamaguchi, Peter Kodys, Venugopal Ellajosyula, Val O'Shea, T. Vazquez Schroeder, Aishik Ghosh, Paolo Morettini, Silvia Biondi, Alessia Murrone, Peter Buchholz, George Dyckes, K. F. Di Petrillo, Zdenek Dolezal, Mark Sutton, Abdeslam Hoummada, Laura Jeanty, Luca Pizzimento, Krystsina Petukhova, Alexandros Marantis, R. R. M. Fletcher, R. de Asmundis, Marek Tasevsky, Matthias Danninger, Dylan Perry Kisliuk, Uladzimir Kruchonak, R. W. L. Jones, Ovsat Abdinov, Oleg Zenin, Ismet Siral, J. Rothberg, Dimitrios Iliadis, Goetz Gaycken, Steven Worm, Sabine Crépé-Renaudin, Stavros Maltezos, Carsten Daniel Burgard, Bernd Stelzer, Maria Florencia Daneri, Kingman Cheung, Josu Cantero, N. B. Sinev, Hiroyuki Iwasaki, John-Bjarne Hansen, Bogdan Malaescu, Christopher John Mcnicol, J-Y. Hostachy, A. Baroncelli, Baojia Tong, Alec Swenson Drobac, E. Le Guirriec, Clement Helsens, Lorenzo Pezzotti, S. Tapia Araya, Yasuyuki Okumura, Dmitry Golubkov, Katharina Schleicher, W. D. Breaden Madden, Nihal Brahimi, Fabian Alexander Förster, J. A. Aparisi Pozo, Alexander Emerman, D. P. J. Lack, Tohru Takeshita, Luca Colasurdo, S. Calvente Lopez, Gordon Watts, Andrea Coccaro, Sergey Senkin, Bo Liu, Veysi Erkcan Ozcan, Stefanie Morgenstern, Iskander Ibragimov, Wen Guan, Shreya Saha, Tomas Komarek, Florian Christoph Fischer, Moritz Backes, Nikolaos Tsirintanis, Artur Cardoso Coimbra, Sofia Chouridou, Maria-Teresa Dova, Alexander Sydorenko, Patrick Fassnacht, P. D. Thompson, Herjuno Rah Nindhito, Uta Klein, Kate Shaw, Maria Smizanska, Lorne Levinson, M. Li, A. V. Akimov, Michel Raymond, Bruce Schumm, Jonathan Long, K. J. R. Cormier, Efe Yigitbasi, S. A. Olivares Pino, Jolanta Olszowska, Trevor Vickey, Phillip Gutierrez, Charles Delporte, Leonardo Merola, K. Nakamura, Aytul Adiguzel, Dmitri Tsybychev, Chiara Grieco, Georges Azuelos, Thomas James Neep, Matthew Thomas Anthony, G. R. Gonzalvo Rodriguez, Kim Katrin Heidegger, Josh Mcfayden, M. Stegler, Dalila Salamani, Thomas LeCompte, Andrew Pilkington, Vitaliano Chiarella, Bobby Samir Acharya, H. A. Neal, Barry King, S. C. Lee, Hannah Herde, C. M. Hawkes, Pavol Bartos, Marina Cobal, Michael Edward Nelson, B. Martin dit Latour, Chikuma Kato, Song-Ming Wang, Jana Schaarschmidt, Matous Vozak, Dennis Sperlich, Jiri Masik, Oleg Fedin, C. P. Ward, Yohei Noguchi, Ewan Hill, Tim Scanlon, Stanislav Suchek, Christos Leonidopoulos, V. M. M. Cairo, Stamatios Gkaitatzis, Isabel Marian Trigger, F. Lo Sterzo, Mauro Villa, James Frost, Pier-Olivier Deviveiros, Jonas Strandberg, David Malon, Anna Kaczmarska, Gilberto Giugliarelli, Christian Weber, Guillaume Unal, Amir Farbin, A. Artamonov, Daniela Bortoletto, Shigeki Hirose, D. Bakshi Gupta, Tadamitsu Kishimoto, T. Kuhl, Janina Anna Krzysiak, Dimitrii Krasnopevtsev, Andrey Kiryunin, Peter Nemethy, Siarhei Harkusha, Mario Sannino, M. A. Nomura, L. Masetti, J. C. Hill, Julien-christopher Beyer, R. Piegaia, Elmar Ritsch, Verena Herget, Nello Bruscino, Philipp Stolte, Flavia De Almeida Dias, Robert Adam Vallance, Iacopo Vivarelli, Reda Tafirout, Klaus Kurt Desch, Richard Nickerson, Francisco Alonso, Arnaud Lucotte, Georgios Stavropoulos, Y. A. Kurochkin, Liza Mijović, E. Torrence, Viktor Sinetckii, Ben Smart, Augusto Santiago Cerqueira, Dmytro Hohov, Alexander Kupco, Edoardo Gorini, Evgeny Starchenko, C. Padilla Aranda, Koji Sato, D. Álvarez Piqueras, S. Yu. Sivoklokov, H. Duran Yildiz, J. Montejo Berlingen, Giuseppe Callea, Pierre-Francois Giraud, Ian Dawson, Mathieu Benoit, Saskia Falke, Xuan Yang, Mihail Chizhov, Yuji Yamazaki, Lewis James Armitage, Jinhong Yu, Veronika Magerl, Bruno Mansoulie, Paul Newman, D. Xu, Alexei Klimentov, Alexander Undrus, Anton Wolf, D. Berge, Calum Michael Macdonald, Steven Patrick Alkire, Simon Henry Connell, Tatsuya Masubuchi, Oliver Keith Baker, Jiri Kvita, Iain Alexander Bertram, Elisa Fumagalli, Francesco Crescioli, Victoria Jane Martin, Cecile Deterre, John Alison, Sara Valentinetti, Tobias Klingl, Michael Rijssenbeek, Frank Winklmeier, L. R. Flores Castillo, Emily Charlotte Graham, A. Abed Abud, Andre Rummler, Jad Zahreddine, Christine Kourkoumelis, Pedro Jorge, Juan Terron, Frederic Schroeder, Xiaocong Ai, Fang-ying Tsai, Simone Monzani, Olaf Nackenhorst, Chiara Debenedetti, H. J. Cheng, Mauro Iodice, Ruggero Turra, Maia Mosidze, S. González de la Hoz, Bernard Brickwedde, M. Beretta, Thomas Naumann, Saminder Dhaliwal, Riccardo-Maria Bianchi, K. H. Hiller, Dale Charles Abbott, R. C. W. Henderson, Joseph Izen, R. Gupta, M. J. Shochet, Aimilianos Koulouris, Alexandre Rozanov, T. Kobayashi, Yakov Petrovich Kulinich, D. Gillberg, Rupert Leitner, Chloe Gray, Luigi Vigani, Edward Diehl, Konstantinos Nikolopoulos, Devin James Mahon, Puja Saha, Daniel Stefaniak Nielsen, Claudio Santoni, Stephen Jiggins, Ruslan Mashinistov, Quentin Buat, Alessandra Ciocio, Pavel Shatalov, K. Sliwa, Kurt Keys Hill, Stephanie Zimmermann, Marcel Michael Stanitzki, Junji Tojo, Y. C. Zhu, Paolo Camarri, Stefan Tapprogge, Stephen Burns Menary, Jochen Dingfelder, Alex Kastanas, Alaettin Serhan Mete, Chaowaroj Wanotayaroj, Massimo Corradi, Mario Lassnig, A. Maio, Cheng Chen, Eric Drechsler, Bibhuti Parida, A. Di Ciaccio, Cong Geng, R. F. H. Hunter, Nathan Rogers Bernard, Driss Goujdami, Pepijn Johannes Bakker, Nima Sherafati, David Calvet, Gregory David Hallewell, Jiri Dolejsi, Alastair Dewhurst, Heinz Pernegger, Alexander Oh, Hisaya Kurashige, Martin Klassen, R. El Kosseifi, H. L. Zhu, Cesare Bini, Zhen Yan, Michael Kagan, Rodney Walker, Ke Li, David Robert Wardrope, Didier Ferrere, Marcus Morgenstern, Trisha Farooque, and Alexander Paramonov

Subjects
transverse momentum: high, Atlas detector, 13000 GeV-cms, Hadron, mass [jet], 01 natural sciences, high [transverse momentum], W: pair production, Hadron-Hadron scattering (experiments), scattering [p p], Z0: pair production, skin and connective tissue diseases, Z0: hadronic decay, vector boson: associated production, Physics, hadronic decay [Z0], new physics, mass [gauge boson], ATLAS, channel cross section: branching ratio: upper limit, pair production [Z0], CERN LHC Coll, pair production [W], final state: hadronic, lower limit [mass], gauge boson: mass, colliding beams [p p], narrow resonance, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, p p: scattering, mass: lower limit, boosted particle, hadronic [final state], 0103 physical sciences, ddc:530, lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, High Energy Physics, structure, 010306 general physics, S056ZOT, hadronic decay [W], W: hadronic decay, branching ratio: upper limit [channel cross section], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, background, S056W1C, jet: mass, Experimental High Energy Physics, lcsh:QC770-798, S071RSG, associated production [vector boson], sense organs, p p: colliding beams, experimental results
Abstract

Journal of high energy physics 2020(6), 42 (1-19) (2020). doi:10.1007/JHEP06(2020)042, Published by SISSA, [Trieste]

Published
2020

48. Probenecid and benzamide: cocrystal prepared by a green method and its physico-chemical and pharmaceutical characterization

Author

Lauretta Maggi, Valeria Friuli, Vittorio Berbenni, Francesco Monteforte, Giovanna Bruni, Piercarlo Mustarelli, Chiara Ferrara, Amedeo Marini, Doretta Capsoni, Chiara Milanese, Alessandro Girella, Bruni, G, Monteforte, F, Maggi, L, Friuli, V, Ferrara, C, Mustarelli, P, Girella, A, Berbenni, V, Capsoni, D, Milanese, C, and Marini, A

Subjects
Dissolution rate, Supramolecular chemistry, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Cocrystal, Kneading, chemistry.chemical_compound, medicine, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Solubility, Benzamide, Dissolution, Eutectic, Probenecid, Hydrogen bond, Chemistry, Synthon, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Combinatorial chemistry, 010406 physical chemistry, 0104 chemical sciences, 0210 nano-technology, medicine.drug
Abstract

The eco-friendly method of kneading was here used to synthesize a cocrystal of probenecid, an uricosuric drug used in treating gout and hyperuricemia, with the aim to improve its pharmaceutical behavior. Benzamide was selected as a co-former showing functional groups favorable to the formation of supramolecular synthons with the active principle. The kneading product was characterized by a range of experimental techniques (microscopic, spectroscopic, thermal and diffractometric) all proving the formation of the new multicomponent crystal. In particular, the FT-IR and NMR techniques showed that an important change of hydrogen bonds network takes place in the kneading product and that the acid–acid interaction in the pristine drug is replaced with the related acid-amide one in the cocrystal. The cocrystal solubility and dissolution rate measured in several biorelevant fluids showed an actual improvement with respect to the pure drug.

Published
2019

49. Combined Layer-by-Layer/Hydrothermal Synthesis of Fe3O4@MIL-100(Fe) for Ofloxacin Adsorption from Environmental Waters

Author

Federica Maraschi, Michela Sturini, Giovanna Bruni, Constantin Puscalau, Doretta Capsoni, Francesco Monteforte, Antonella Profumo, and Giulia Guerra

Subjects
General Chemical Engineering, Hydrothermal circulation, Article, symbols.namesake, chemistry.chemical_compound, Adsorption, magnetic remediation, Hydrothermal synthesis, General Materials Science, combined layer-by-layer/hydrothermal synthesis, QD1-999, Magnetite, Chemistry, fluoroquinolone antibiotic, iron-based metal-organic frameworks, adsorption, wastewater treatment, polluted waters, Langmuir adsorption model, Solvent, Chemisorption, symbols, Absorption (chemistry), Nuclear chemistry
Abstract

A simple not solvent and time consuming Fe3O4@MIL-100(Fe), synthesized in the presence of a small amount of magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles (27.3 wt%), is here presented and discussed. Layer-by-layer alone (20 shell), and combined layer-by-layer (5 shell)/reflux or /hydrothermal synthetic procedures were compared. The last approach (Fe3O4@MIL-100_H sample) is suitable (i) to obtain rounded-shaped nanoparticles (200–400 nm diameter) of magnetite core and MIL-100(Fe) shell; (ii) to reduce the solvent and time consumption (the layer-by-layer procedure is applied only 5 times); (iii) to give the highest MIL-100(Fe) amount in the composite (72.7 vs. 18.5 wt% in the layer-by-layer alone); (iv) to obtain a high surface area of 3546 m2 g−1. The MIL-100(Fe) sample was also synthesized and both materials were tested for the absorption of Ofloxacin antibiotic (OFL). Langmuir model well describes OFL adsorption on Fe3O4@MIL-100_H, indicating an even higher adsorption capacity (218 ± 7 mg g−1) with respect to MIL-100 (123 ± 5 mg g−1). Chemisorption regulates the kinetic process on both the composite materials. Fe3O4@MIL-100_H performance was then verified for OFL removal at µg per liter in tap and river waters, and compared with MIL-100. Its relevant and higher adsorption efficiency and the magnetic behavior make it an excellent candidate for environmental depollution.

Published
2021
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50. Search for New Phenomena in Final States with Two Leptons and One or No b -Tagged Jets at s=13 TeV Using the ATLAS Detector

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John-Bjarne Hansen, Maheyer Jamshed Shroff, Clement Helsens, Lorenzo Pezzotti, Otmar Biebel, Peilong Wang, Takuya Nobe, Shahzad Ali, Joseph Mullin, Guy Rosin, Wing Sheung Chan, Jeffrey David Shahinian, Gerjan Bobbink, Simon Berlendis, Dmitry Golubkov, Katharina Schleicher, W. D. Breaden Madden, Kirill Grevtsov, Karel Smolek, Werner Wiedenmann, M. J. Alconada Verzini, Shunichi Akatsuka, Attila Krasznahorkay, Ilija Vukotic, Lukas Ehrke, Petter Nilsson, Panagiotis Gkountoumis, Xiangke Zhang, Rui Yuan, Anna Goussiou, Marco Sessa, Marisilvia Donadelli, Elisabetta Pianori, Blair Daniel Seidlitz, A. V. Kotwal, Daniel Hayden, R. J. Teuscher, Christopher Andrew Garner, Julia Lynne Gonski, S. Pagan Griso, Federico Sforza, Maria-evanthia Tsopoulou, Nikolai Zimine, D. Amidei, Jackson Carl Burzynski, Fabian Alexander Förster, D. Gillberg, Rupert Leitner, Edward Diehl, J. A. 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Liu, Xin Wu, Abdenour Lounis, Yi Fan Hu, Rong Zhang, Jahred Adelman, Alain Bellerive, Takashi Mitani, Harry Cooke, Christian Nass, G. N. Taylor, Marco Bomben, C. L. Cheng, Nansi Andari, Lianyou Shan, Richard Nisius, Simone Sottocornola, Stergios Kazakos, Shuaiyan Kang, Melissa Ridel, Deshan Kavishka Abhayasinghe, Michael Dührssen, Henso Abreu, Arabinda Behera, Troels Petersen, Francesco Lanni, Nikolai Fomin, Benjamin Brau, Zihang Jia, Nazim Huseynov, Jaroslava Schovancova, Wenge Wang, E. Thomson, Matteo Negrini, L. Zhang, S. Rodriguez Bosca, Seppe Kuehn, R. E. Long, Christian Ohm, Nandish Arjan Gorasia, Q. Ouyang, Alice Polyxeni Morris, Xiaoxiong Wang, Ilya Korolkov, M. G. Alviggi, Peiliang Liu, Zhiqing Zhang, Balazs Konya, Xiaoguang Yue, Ben Bruers, Alicia Wongel, J. A. Valls Ferrer, Sascha Mehlhase, Marco Cristoforetti, L. Aperio Bella, Nikolaos Rompotis, Ruth Poettgen, Gregor Kramberger, Cigdem Issever, Peter Steinberg, Anatoli Romaniouk, Horst Severini, Cyril Becot, C. M. 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Affolder, Lukas Adamek, Antonio Sidoti, Ian Hinchliffe, Emily Ann Smith, Shikma Bressler, Mariya Shiyakova, Feng Lyu, and Danilo Giugni

Subjects
Quark, Physics, Particle physics, Muon, Large Hadron Collider, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, ATLAS experiment, General Physics and Astronomy, Lambda, Coupling (probability), 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, 0103 physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Invariant mass, 010306 general physics, Lepton
Abstract

A search for new phenomena is presented in final states with two leptons and one or no $b$-tagged jets. The event selection requires the two leptons to have opposite charge, the same flavor (electrons or muons), and a large invariant mass. The analysis is based on the full Run-2 proton-proton collision dataset recorded at a center-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 139 fb$^{-1}$. No significant deviation from the expected background is observed in the data. A four-fermion contact interaction between two quarks ($b,s$) and two leptons ($ee$ or $\mu\mu$), inspired by the $B$-meson decay anomalies, is used as a benchmark signal model. This model is characterized by the energy scale and coupling, $\Lambda$ and $g_*$ respectively. Contact interactions with $\Lambda / g_*$ lower than 2.0 (2.4) TeV are excluded for electrons (muons) at the 95% confidence level, still far below the value which is favored by the $B$-meson decay anomalies. In addition, model-independent limits are set as a function of the selection on the dilepton invariant mass, which allows the results to be reinterpreted in other signal scenarios.

Published
2021

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