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1. Author Correction: The FLUXNET2015 dataset and the ONEFlux processing pipeline for eddy covariance data

Author

Gilberto Pastorello, Carlo Trotta, Eleonora Canfora, Housen Chu, Danielle Christianson, You-Wei Cheah, Cristina Poindexter, Jiquan Chen, Abdelrahman Elbashandy, Marty Humphrey, Peter Isaac, Diego Polidori, Markus Reichstein, Alessio Ribeca, Catharine van Ingen, Nicolas Vuichard, Leiming Zhang, Brian Amiro, Christof Ammann, M. Altaf Arain, Jonas Ardö, Timothy Arkebauer, Stefan K. Arndt, Nicola Arriga, Marc Aubinet, Mika Aurela, Dennis Baldocchi, Alan Barr, Eric Beamesderfer, Luca Belelli Marchesini, Onil Bergeron, Jason Beringer, Christian Bernhofer, Daniel Berveiller, Dave Billesbach, Thomas Andrew Black, Peter D. Blanken, Gil Bohrer, Julia Boike, Paul V. Bolstad, Damien Bonal, Jean-Marc Bonnefond, David R. Bowling, Rosvel Bracho, Jason Brodeur, Christian Brümmer, Nina Buchmann, Benoit Burban, Sean P. Burns, Pauline Buysse, Peter Cale, Mauro Cavagna, Pierre Cellier, Shiping Chen, Isaac Chini, Torben R. Christensen, James Cleverly, Alessio Collalti, Claudia Consalvo, Bruce D. Cook, David Cook, Carole Coursolle, Edoardo Cremonese, Peter S. Curtis, Ettore D’Andrea, Humberto da Rocha, Xiaoqin Dai, Kenneth J. Davis, Bruno De Cinti, Agnes de Grandcourt, Anne De Ligne, Raimundo C. De Oliveira, Nicolas Delpierre, Ankur R. Desai, Carlos Marcelo Di Bella, Paul di Tommasi, Han Dolman, Francisco Domingo, Gang Dong, Sabina Dore, Pierpaolo Duce, Eric Dufrêne, Allison Dunn, Jiří Dušek, Derek Eamus, Uwe Eichelmann, Hatim Abdalla M. ElKhidir, Werner Eugster, Cacilia M. Ewenz, Brent Ewers, Daniela Famulari, Silvano Fares, Iris Feigenwinter, Andrew Feitz, Rasmus Fensholt, Gianluca Filippa, Marc Fischer, John Frank, Marta Galvagno, Mana Gharun, Damiano Gianelle, Bert Gielen, Beniamino Gioli, Anatoly Gitelson, Ignacio Goded, Mathias Goeckede, Allen H. Goldstein, Christopher M. Gough, Michael L. Goulden, Alexander Graf, Anne Griebel, Carsten Gruening, Thomas Grünwald, Albin Hammerle, Shijie Han, Xingguo Han, Birger Ulf Hansen, Chad Hanson, Juha Hatakka, Yongtao He, Markus Hehn, Bernard Heinesch, Nina Hinko-Najera, Lukas Hörtnagl, Lindsay Hutley, Andreas Ibrom, Hiroki Ikawa, Marcin Jackowicz-Korczynski, Dalibor Janouš, Wilma Jans, Rachhpal Jassal, Shicheng Jiang, Tomomichi Kato, Myroslava Khomik, Janina Klatt, Alexander Knohl, Sara Knox, Hideki Kobayashi, Georgia Koerber, Olaf Kolle, Yoshiko Kosugi, Ayumi Kotani, Andrew Kowalski, Bart Kruijt, Julia Kurbatova, Werner L. Kutsch, Hyojung Kwon, Samuli Launiainen, Tuomas Laurila, Bev Law, Ray Leuning, Yingnian Li, Michael Liddell, Jean-Marc Limousin, Marryanna Lion, Adam J. Liska, Annalea Lohila, Ana López-Ballesteros, Efrén López-Blanco, Benjamin Loubet, Denis Loustau, Antje Lucas-Moffat, Johannes Lüers, Siyan Ma, Craig Macfarlane, Vincenzo Magliulo, Regine Maier, Ivan Mammarella, Giovanni Manca, Barbara Marcolla, Hank A. Margolis, Serena Marras, William Massman, Mikhail Mastepanov, Roser Matamala, Jaclyn Hatala Matthes, Francesco Mazzenga, Harry McCaughey, Ian McHugh, Andrew M. S. McMillan, Lutz Merbold, Wayne Meyer, Tilden Meyers, Scott D. Miller, Stefano Minerbi, Uta Moderow, Russell K. Monson, Leonardo Montagnani, Caitlin E. Moore, Eddy Moors, Virginie Moreaux, Christine Moureaux, J. William Munger, Taro Nakai, Johan Neirynck, Zoran Nesic, Giacomo Nicolini, Asko Noormets, Matthew Northwood, Marcelo Nosetto, Yann Nouvellon, Kimberly Novick, Walter Oechel, Jørgen Eivind Olesen, Jean-Marc Ourcival, Shirley A. Papuga, Frans-Jan Parmentier, Eugenie Paul-Limoges, Marian Pavelka, Matthias Peichl, Elise Pendall, Richard P. Phillips, Kim Pilegaard, Norbert Pirk, Gabriela Posse, Thomas Powell, Heiko Prasse, Suzanne M. Prober, Serge Rambal, Üllar Rannik, Naama Raz-Yaseef, Corinna Rebmann, David Reed, Victor Resco de Dios, Natalia Restrepo-Coupe, Borja R. Reverter, Marilyn Roland, Simone Sabbatini, Torsten Sachs, Scott R. Saleska, Enrique P. Sánchez-Cañete, Zulia M. Sanchez-Mejia, Hans Peter Schmid, Marius Schmidt, Karl Schneider, Frederik Schrader, Ivan Schroder, Russell L. Scott, Pavel Sedlák, Penélope Serrano-Ortíz, Changliang Shao, Peili Shi, Ivan Shironya, Lukas Siebicke, Ladislav Šigut, Richard Silberstein, Costantino Sirca, Donatella Spano, Rainer Steinbrecher, Robert M. Stevens, Cove Sturtevant, Andy Suyker, Torbern Tagesson, Satoru Takanashi, Yanhong Tang, Nigel Tapper, Jonathan Thom, Michele Tomassucci, Juha-Pekka Tuovinen, Shawn Urbanski, Riccardo Valentini, Michiel van der Molen, Eva van Gorsel, Ko van Huissteden, Andrej Varlagin, Joseph Verfaillie, Timo Vesala, Caroline Vincke, Domenico Vitale, Natalia Vygodskaya, Jeffrey P. Walker, Elizabeth Walter-Shea, Huimin Wang, Robin Weber, Sebastian Westermann, Christian Wille, Steven Wofsy, Georg Wohlfahrt, Sebastian Wolf, William Woodgate, Yuelin Li, Roberto Zampedri, Junhui Zhang, Guoyi Zhou, Donatella Zona, Deb Agarwal, Sebastien Biraud, Margaret Torn, and Dario Papale

Subjects
Science
Abstract

A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-021-00851-9.

Published
2021
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2. An Integrated Investigation of Atmospheric Gaseous Elemental Mercury Transport and Dispersion Around a Chlor-Alkali Plant in the Ossola Valley (Italian Central Alps)

Author

Laura Fantozzi, Nicoletta Guerrieri, Giovanni Manca, Arianna Orrù, and Laura Marziali

Subjects
Ossola Valley, atmospheric gaseous elemental mercury, continuous Hg measurements, lichens, biomonitoring, mercury atmospheric sources, Chemical technology, TP1-1185
Abstract

We present the first assessment of atmospheric pollution by mercury (Hg) in an industrialized area located in the Ossola Valley (Italian Central Alps), in close proximity to the Toce River. The study area suffers from a level of Hg contamination due to a Hg cell chlor-alkali plant operating from 1915 to the end of 2017. We measured gaseous elemental Hg (GEM) levels by means of a portable Hg analyzer during car surveys between autumn 2018 and summer 2020. Moreover, we assessed the long-term dispersion pattern of atmospheric Hg by analyzing the total Hg concentration in samples of lichens collected in the Ossola Valley. High values of GEM concentrations (1112 ng m−3) up to three orders of magnitude higher than the typical terrestrial background concentration in the northern hemisphere were measured in the proximity of the chlor-alkali plant. Hg concentrations in lichens ranged from 142 ng g−1 at sampling sites located north of the chlor-alkali plant to 624 ng g−1 in lichens collected south of the chlor-alkali plant. A north-south gradient of Hg accumulation in lichens along the Ossola Valley channel was observed, highlighting that the area located south of the chlor-alkali plant is more exposed to the dispersion of Hg emitted into the atmosphere from the industrial site. Long-term studies on Hg emission and dispersion in the Ossola Valley are needed to better assess potential impact on ecosystems and human health.

Published
2021
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3. Modeling Gross Primary Production of Agro-Forestry Ecosystems by Assimilation of Satellite-Derived Information in a Process-Based Model

Author

Guenther Seufert, Giovanni Manca, Giorgio Matteucci, Terenzio Zenone, Lorenzo Busetto, Roberto Colombo, Michele Meroni, and Mirco Migliavacca

Subjects
Gross Primary Production, Phenology, BIOME-BGC, PROSPECT, SAILH, Poplar plantations, Chemical technology, TP1-1185
Abstract

In this paper we present results obtained in the framework of a regional-scale analysis of the carbon budget of poplar plantations in Northern Italy. We explored the ability of the process-based model BIOME-BGC to estimate the gross primary production (GPP) using an inverse modeling approach exploiting eddy covariance and satellite data. We firstly present a version of BIOME-BGC coupled with the radiative transfer models PROSPECT and SAILH (named PROSAILH-BGC) with the aims of i) improving the BIOME-BGC description of the radiative transfer regime within the canopy and ii) allowing the assimilation of remotely-sensed vegetation index time series, such as MODIS NDVI, into the model. Secondly, we present a two-step model inversion for optimization of model parameters. In the first step, some key ecophysiological parameters were optimized against data collected by an eddy covariance flux tower. In the second step, important information about phenological dates and about standing biomass were optimized against MODIS NDVI. Results obtained showed that the PROSAILH-BGC allowed simulation of MODIS NDVI with good accuracy and that we described better the canopy radiation regime. The inverse modeling approach was demonstrated to be useful for the optimization of ecophysiological model parameters, phenological dates and parameters related to the standing biomass, allowing good accuracy of daily and annual GPP predictions. In summary, this study showed that assimilation of eddy covariance and remote sensing data in a process model may provide important information for modeling gross primary production at regional scale.

Published
2009
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4. A Single-Point Modeling Approach for the Intercomparison and Evaluation of Ozone Dry Deposition Across Chemical Transport Models (Activity 2 of AQMEII4)

Author

Olivia E Clifton, Donna Schwede, Christian Hogrefe, Jesse O Bash, Sam Bland, Philip Cheung, Mhairi Coyle, Lisa Emberson, Johannes Flemming, Erick Fredj, Stefano Galmarini, Laurens Ganzeveld, Orestis Gazetas, Ignacio Goded, Christopher D Holmes, László Horváth, Vincent Huijnen, Qian Li, Paul A Makar, Ivan Mammarella, Giovanni Manca, J William Munger, Juan L Pérez-Camanyo, Jonathan Pleim, Limei Ran, Roberto San Jose, Sam J Silva, Ralf Staebler, Shihan Sun, Amos P K Tai, Eran Tas, Timo Vesala, Tamás Weidinger, Zhiyong Wu, and Leiming Zhang

Subjects
Geophysics
Abstract

A primary sink of air pollutants and their precursors is dry deposition. Dry deposition estimates differ across chemical transport models, yet an understanding of the model spread is incomplete. Here, we introduce Activity 2 of the Air Quality Model Evaluation International Initiative Phase 4 (AQMEII4). We examine 18 dry deposition schemes from regional and global chemical transport models as well as standalone models used for impact assessments or process understanding. We configure the schemes as single-point models at eight Northern Hemisphere locations with observed ozone fluxes. Single-point models are driven by a common set of site-specific meteorological and environmental conditions. Five of eight sites have at least 3 years and up to 12 years of ozone fluxes. The interquartile range across models in multiyear mean ozone deposition velocities ranges from a factor of 1.2 to 1.9 annually across sites and tends to be highest during winter compared with summer. No model is within 50 % of observed multiyear averages across all sites and seasons, but some models perform well for some sites and seasons. For the first time, we demonstrate how contributions from depositional pathways vary across models. Models can disagree with respect to relative contributions from the pathways, even when they predict similar deposition velocities, or agree with respect to the relative contributions but predict different deposition velocities. Both stomatal and nonstomatal uptake contribute to the large model spread across sites. Our findings are the beginning of results from AQMEII4 Activity 2, which brings scientists who model air quality and dry deposition together with scientists who measure ozone fluxes to evaluate and improve dry deposition schemes in the chemical transport models used for research, planning, and regulatory purposes.

Published
2023
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5. Estimating Emissions of Methane Consistent with Atmospheric Measurements of Methane and δC-13 of Methane

Author

Sourish Basu, Xin Lan, Edward Dlugokencky, Sylvia Michel, Stefan Schwietzke, John B Miller, Lori Bruhwiler, Youmi Oh, Pieter P Tans, Francesco Apadula, Luciana V Gatti, Armin Jordan, Jaroslaw Necki, Motoki Sasakawa, Shinji Morimoto, Tatiana Di Iorio, Haeyoung Lee, Jgor Arduini, and Giovanni Manca

Subjects
Environment Pollution
Abstract

We have constructed an atmospheric inversion framework based on TM5-4DVAR to jointly assimilate measurements of methane and δC-13 of methane in order to estimate source-specific methane emissions. Here we present global emission estimates from this framework for the period 1999–2016. We assimilate a newly constructed, multi-agency database of CH4 and δC-13 measurements. We find that traditional CH4-only atmospheric inversions are unlikely to estimate emissions consistent with atmospheric δC-13 data and assimilating δC-13 data is necessary to derive emissions consistent with both measurements. Our framework attributes ca. 85% of the post-2007 growth in atmospheric methane to microbial sources, with about half of that coming from the tropics between 23.5° N and 23.5° S. This contradicts the attribution of the recent growth in the methane budget of the Global Carbon Project (GCP). We find that the GCP attribution is only consistent with our top-down estimate in the absence of δC-13 data. We find that at global and continental scales, δC-13 data can separate microbial from fossil methane emissions much better than CH4 data alone, and at smaller scales this ability is limited by the current δC-13 measurement coverage. Finally, we find that the largest uncertainty in using δC-13 data to separate different methane source types comes from our knowledge of atmospheric chemistry, specifically the distribution of tropospheric chlorine and the isotopic discrimination of the methane sink.

Published
2022
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7. Warfarin-induced calciphylaxis-related skin ulceration in patients with end-stage renal disease: case report and literature review.

Author

Vallini, Valerio, Andreini, Roberto, Sibilia, Gabriella, Venturini, Luigi, Rizza, Giovanni Manca, Bonadio, Angelo Giovanni, and Meini, Simone

Subjects
CALCIPHYLAXIS, LEG ulcers, COMPRESSION bandages, ZINC oxide, SEX distribution, WARFARIN, ALKALINE phosphatase, WOUND care, DEBRIDEMENT, ALBUMINS
Abstract

Calciphylaxis is a rare but highly disabling disease, occurring both in chronic kidney disease (CKD) with renal replacement therapy (RRT) and in normal renal function. Given the frequent coexistence of atrial fibrillation (AF) and CKD, anticoagulation is often required. Warfarin, as a promoter of vascular calcification, is frequently reported as a triggering factor of calciphylaxis. Here, we present the case of a 71-year old male patient with a history of AF and a previous ischaemic stroke, on RRT for three years and warfarin therapy. The patient presented with two painful necrotic skin ulcers over the right leg and a skin biopsy confirmed calciphylaxis. After discontinuation of warfarin, the lesions completely healed with sodium thiosulfate intravenous infusion and local wound treatment. A literature search was performed up to 1 September 2022 through PubMed. The following terms were searched in different combinations: 'calciphylaxis'; 'VKA' [vitamin K antagonist]; 'warfarin'; 'haemodialysis'; 'end-stage renal disease'; and 'ulcer'. In our opinion, in patients requiring anticoagulant therapy, the introduction or continuation of vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) should be carefully balanced when calciphylaxis develops, and other options, such as enoxaparin or apixaban, should be considered. Clinical decisions for patients requiring haemodialysis and requiring anticoagulant therapy should take into account the possible risk of warfarin-induced calciphylaxis. Further studies are needed to clarify the safety, tolerability profile and outcomes of each currently available treatment in this patient population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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9. <scp>ForestClim</scp> —Bioclimatic variables for microclimate temperatures of European forests

Author

Stef Haesen, Jonas J. Lembrechts, Pieter De Frenne, Jonathan Lenoir, Juha Aalto, Michael B. Ashcroft, Martin Kopecký, Miska Luoto, Ilya Maclean, Ivan Nijs, Pekka Niittynen, Johan van den Hoogen, Nicola Arriga, Josef Brůna, Nina Buchmann, Marek Čiliak, Alessio Collalti, Emiel De Lombaerde, Patrice Descombes, Mana Gharun, Ignacio Goded, Sanne Govaert, Caroline Greiser, Achim Grelle, Carsten Gruening, Lucia Hederová, Kristoffer Hylander, Jürgen Kreyling, Bart Kruijt, Martin Macek, František Máliš, Matěj Man, Giovanni Manca, Radim Matula, Camille Meeussen, Sonia Merinero, Stefano Minerbi, Leonardo Montagnani, Lena Muffler, Romà Ogaya, Josep Penuelas, Roman Plichta, Miguel Portillo‐Estrada, Jonas Schmeddes, Ankit Shekhar, Fabien Spicher, Mariana Ujházyová, Pieter Vangansbeke, Robert Weigel, Jan Wild, Florian Zellweger, and Koenraad Van Meerbeek

Subjects
Global and Planetary Change, WIMEK, Ecology, ForestTemp, boosted regression trees, SoilTemp, climate change, species distributions, forest microclimate, Environmental Chemistry, Water Systems and Global Change, Biodiversity, Boosted regression trees, Climate change, Ecosystem processes, Forest microclimate, Species Distributions, ecosystem processes, biodiversity, General Environmental Science
Abstract

Microclimate research gained renewed interest over the last decade and its importance for many ecological processes is increasingly being recognized. Consequently, the call for high-resolution microclimatic temperature grids across broad spatial extents is becoming more pressing to improve ecological models. Here, we provide a new set of open-access bioclimatic variables for microclimate temperatures of European forests at 25 × 25 m2 resolution. ISSN:1354-1013 ISSN:1365-2486

Published
2023
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10. High-resolution inverse modelling of European CH4emissions using the novel FLEXPART-COSMO TM5 4DVAR inverse modelling system

Author

Peter Bergamaschi, Arjo Segers, Dominik Brunner, Jean-Matthieu Haussaire, Stephan Henne, Michel Ramonet, Tim Arnold, Tobias Biermann, Huilin Chen, Sebastien Conil, Marc Delmotte, Grant Forster, Arnoud Frumau, Dagmar Kubistin, Xin Lan, Markus Leuenberger, Matthias Lindauer, Morgan Lopez, Giovanni Manca, Jennifer Müller-Williams, Simon O'Doherty, Bert Scheeren, Martin Steinbacher, Pamela Trisolino, Gabriela Vítková, Camille Yver Kwok, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Isotope Research

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]
Abstract

We present a novel high-resolution inverse modelling system (“FLEXVAR”) based on FLEXPART-COSMO back trajectories driven by COSMO meteorological fields at 7 km×7 km resolution over the European COSMO-7 domain and the four-dimensional variational (4DVAR) data assimilation technique. FLEXVAR is coupled offline with the global inverse modelling system TM5-4DVAR to provide background mole fractions (“baselines”) consistent with the global observations assimilated in TM5-4DVAR. We have applied the FLEXVAR system for the inverse modelling of European CH4 emissions in 2018 using 24 stations with in situ measurements, complemented with data from five stations with discrete air sampling (and additional stations outside the European COSMO-7 domain used for the global TM5-4DVAR inversions). The sensitivity of the FLEXVAR inversions to different approaches to calculate the baselines, different parameterizations of the model representation error, different settings of the prior error covariance parameters, different prior inventories, and different observation data sets are investigated in detail. Furthermore, the FLEXVAR inversions are compared to inversions with the FLEXPART extended Kalman filter (“FLExKF”) system and with TM5-4DVAR inversions at 1∘×1∘ resolution over Europe. The three inverse modelling systems show overall good consistency of the major spatial patterns of the derived inversion increments and in general only relatively small differences in the derived annual total emissions of larger country regions. At the same time, the FLEXVAR inversions at 7 km×7 km resolution allow the observations to be better reproduced than the TM5-4DVAR simulations at 1∘×1∘. The three inverse models derive higher annual total CH4 emissions in 2018 for Germany, France, and BENELUX compared to the sum of anthropogenic emissions reported to UNFCCC and natural emissions estimated from the Global Carbon Project CH4 inventory, but the uncertainty ranges of top-down and bottom-up total emission estimates overlap for all three country regions. In contrast, the top-down estimates for the sum of emissions from the UK and Ireland agree relatively well with the total of anthropogenic and natural bottom-up inventories.

Published
2022
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11. Supplementary material to 'A single-point modeling approach for the intercomparison and evaluation of ozone dry deposition across chemical transport models (Activity 2 of AQMEII4)'

Author

Olivia Elaine Clifton, Donna Schwede, Christian Hogrefe, Jesse O. Bash, Sam Bland, Philip Cheung, Mhairi Coyle, Lisa Emberson, Johannes Flemming, Erick Fredj, Stefano Galmarini, Laurens Ganzeveld, Orestis Gazetas, Ignacio Goded, Christopher D. Holmes, László Horváth, Vincent Huijnen, Qian Li, Paul A. Makar, Ivan Mammarella, Giovanni Manca, J. William Munger, Juan L. Pérez-Camanyo, Jonathan Pleim, Limei Ran, Roberto San Jose, Sam J. Silva, Ralf Staebler, Shihan Sun, Amos P. K. Tai, Eran Tas, Timo Vesala, Tamás Weidinger, Zhiyong Wu, and Leiming Zhang

Published
2023
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14. FLUXNET-CH4: a global, multi-ecosystem dataset and analysis of methane seasonality from freshwater wetlands

Author

Michele L. Reba, Benjamin Poulter, Gil Bohrer, Bhaskar Mitra, Giovanni Manca, Lisamarie Windham-Myers, Kathrin Fuchs, Andrew D. Richardson, William J. Riley, Jaclyn Hatala Matthes, Gerardo Celis, Christian Wille, Gavin McNicol, D. S. Christianson, Elke Eichelmann, Timo Vesala, Hiroki Iwata, Youngryel Ryu, Manuel Helbig, Franziska Koebsch, Alma Vázquez-Lule, Nina Buchmann, Karina V. R. Schäfer, Gerald Jurasinski, George L. Vourlitis, You Wei Cheah, Keisuke Ono, Scott L. Graham, Margaret S. Torn, Jessica Turner, Adrien Jacotot, Alex C. Valach, Dennis D. Baldocchi, Minseok Kang, Matteo Detto, Avni Malhotra, David P. Billesbach, Andrej Varlagin, Kyle B. Delwiche, Rosvel Bracho, Olli Peltola, Rodrigo Vargas, Janina Klatt, Martin Heimann, Higo J. Dalmagro, Jed P. Sparks, Etienne Fluet-Chouinard, Ellen Stuart-Haëntjens, Dario Papale, Carlo Trotta, Lukas Hörtnagl, Torsten Sachs, Zhen Zhang, Jiquan Chen, Kyle S. Hemes, Pavel Alekseychik, Georg Wohlfahrt, Walter C. Oechel, Eeva Stiina Tuittila, David I. Campbell, M. Goeckede, Camilo Rey Sanchez, Donatella Zona, Luca Belelli Marchesini, Patricia Y. Oikawa, Daniela Famulari, Robert B. Jackson, Han Dolman, John King, Ankur R. Desai, Pia Gottschalk, Mats Nilsson, Ayaka Sakabe, Ivan Mammarella, Zutao Ouyang, Lutz Merbold, Ken W. Krauss, Kuno Kasak, Cove Sturtevant, Eugénie S. Euskirchen, Mangaliso J. Gondwe, Sarah Feron, Ryan C. Sullivan, Matthias Peichl, E. J. Ward, Weinan Chen, Housen Chu, Trofim C. Maximov, Jordan P. Goodrich, Joseph Verfaillie, Guan Xhuan Wong, Sara H. Knox, Derrick Y.F. Lai, Masahito Ueyama, Sébastien Gogo, Benjamin R. K. Runkle, Mika Aurela, Sigrid Dengel, Jonathan E. Thom, Shuli Niu, Eiko Nemitz, Annalea Lohila, Daphne Szutu, E. Canfora, Takashi Hirano, Oliver Sonnentag, David Y. Hollinger, Sheel Bansal, T. H. Morin, Ma Carmelita R. Alberto, Carole Helfter, and Edward A. G. Schuur

Subjects
geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Eddy covariance, Wetland, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Seasonality, Atmospheric sciences, medicine.disease, 01 natural sciences, FluxNet, Boreal, Arctic, 13. Climate action, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, medicine, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, Ecosystem, Terrestrial ecosystem, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Methane (CH4) emissions from natural landscapes constitute roughly half of global CH4 contributions to the atmosphere, yet large uncertainties remain in the absolute magnitude and the seasonality of emission quantities and drivers. Eddy covariance (EC) measurements of CH4 flux are ideal for constraining ecosystem-scale CH4 emissions due to quasi-continuous and high-temporal-resolution CH4 flux measurements, coincident carbon dioxide, water, and energy flux measurements, lack of ecosystem disturbance, and increased availability of datasets over the last decade. Here, we (1) describe the newly published dataset, FLUXNET-CH4 Version 1.0, the first open-source global dataset of CH4 EC measurements (available at https://fluxnet.org/data/fluxnet-ch4-community-product/, last access: 7 April 2021). FLUXNET-CH4 includes half-hourly and daily gap-filled and non-gap-filled aggregated CH4 fluxes and meteorological data from 79 sites globally: 42 freshwater wetlands, 6 brackish and saline wetlands, 7 formerly drained ecosystems, 7 rice paddy sites, 2 lakes, and 15 uplands. Then, we (2) evaluate FLUXNET-CH4 representativeness for freshwater wetland coverage globally because the majority of sites in FLUXNET-CH4 Version 1.0 are freshwater wetlands which are a substantial source of total atmospheric CH4 emissions; and (3) we provide the first global estimates of the seasonal variability and seasonality predictors of freshwater wetland CH4 fluxes. Our representativeness analysis suggests that the freshwater wetland sites in the dataset cover global wetland bioclimatic attributes (encompassing energy, moisture, and vegetation-related parameters) in arctic, boreal, and temperate regions but only sparsely cover humid tropical regions. Seasonality metrics of wetland CH4 emissions vary considerably across latitudinal bands. In freshwater wetlands (except those between 20∘ S to 20∘ N) the spring onset of elevated CH4 emissions starts 3 d earlier, and the CH4 emission season lasts 4 d longer, for each degree Celsius increase in mean annual air temperature. On average, the spring onset of increasing CH4 emissions lags behind soil warming by 1 month, with very few sites experiencing increased CH4 emissions prior to the onset of soil warming. In contrast, roughly half of these sites experience the spring onset of rising CH4 emissions prior to the spring increase in gross primary productivity (GPP). The timing of peak summer CH4 emissions does not correlate with the timing for either peak summer temperature or peak GPP. Our results provide seasonality parameters for CH4 modeling and highlight seasonality metrics that cannot be predicted by temperature or GPP (i.e., seasonality of CH4 peak). FLUXNET-CH4 is a powerful new resource for diagnosing and understanding the role of terrestrial ecosystems and climate drivers in the global CH4 cycle, and future additions of sites in tropical ecosystems and site years of data collection will provide added value to this database. All seasonality parameters are available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4672601 (Delwiche et al., 2021). Additionally, raw FLUXNET-CH4 data used to extract seasonality parameters can be downloaded from https://fluxnet.org/data/fluxnet-ch4-community-product/ (last access: 7 April 2021), and a complete list of the 79 individual site data DOIs is provided in Table 2 of this paper.

Published
2021
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15. High-resolution inverse modelling of European CH4 emissions using novel FLEXPART-COSMO TM5 4DVAR inverse modelling system

Author

Peter Bergamaschi, Arjo Segers, Dominik Brunner, Jean-Matthieu Haussaire, Stephan Henne, Michel Ramonet, Tim Arnold, Tobias Biermann, Huilin Chen, Sebastien Conil, Marc Delmotte, Grant Forster, Arnoud Frumau, Dagmar Kubistin, Xin Lan, Markus Leuenberger, Matthias Lindauer, Morgan Lopez, Giovanni Manca, Jennifer Müller-Williams, Simon O’Doherty, Bert Scheeren, Martin Steinbacher, Pamela Trisolino, Gabriela Vítková, and Camille Yver Kwok

Abstract

We present a novel high-resolution inverse modelling system ("FLEXVAR") based on FLEXPART-COSMO back trajectories driven by COSMO meteorological fields at 7 km × 7 km resolution over the European COSMO-7 domain and the four-dimensional variational (4DVAR) data assimilation technique. FLEXVAR is coupled offline with the global inverse modelling system TM5-4DVAR to provide background mole fractions ("baselines") consistent with the global observations assimilated in TM5-4DVAR. We have applied the FLEXVAR system for the inverse modelling of European emissions in 2018 using 24 stations with in situ measurements, complemented with data from five stations with discrete air sampling (and additional stations outside the European COSMO-7 domain used for the global TM5-4DVAR inversions). The sensitivity of the FLEXVAR inversions to different approaches to calculate the baselines, different parameterizations of the model representation error, different settings of the prior error covariance parameters, different prior inventories and different observation data sets are investigated in detail. Furthermore, the FLEXVAR inversions are compared to inversions with the FLEXPART extended Kalman filter ("FLExKF") system and with TM5-4DVAR inversions at 1° × 1° resolution over Europe. The three inverse modelling systems show overall good consistency of the major spatial patterns of the derived inversion increments and in general only relatively small differences in the derived annual total emissions of larger country regions. At the same time, the FLEXVAR inversions at 7 km × 7 km resolution allow to better reproduce the observations than the TM5 4DVAR simulations at 1° × 1°. The three inverse models derive higher annual total CH4 emissions in 2018 for Germany, France and BENELUX compared to the sum of anthropogenic emissions reported to UNFCCC and natural emissions estimated from the Global Carbon Project CH4 inventory, but the uncertainty ranges of top-down and bottom-up total emission estimates overlap for all three country regions. In contrast, the top-down estimates for the sum of emissions from the United Kingdom and Ireland agree relatively well with the total of anthropogenic and natural bottom-up inventories.

Published
2022
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16. Supplementary material to 'High-resolution inverse modelling of European CH4 emissions using novel FLEXPART-COSMO TM5 4DVAR inverse modelling system'

Author

Peter Bergamaschi, Arjo Segers, Dominik Brunner, Jean-Matthieu Haussaire, Stephan Henne, Michel Ramonet, Tim Arnold, Tobias Biermann, Huilin Chen, Sebastien Conil, Marc Delmotte, Grant Forster, Arnoud Frumau, Dagmar Kubistin, Xin Lan, Markus Leuenberger, Matthias Lindauer, Morgan Lopez, Giovanni Manca, Jennifer Müller-Williams, Simon O’Doherty, Bert Scheeren, Martin Steinbacher, Pamela Trisolino, Gabriela Vítková, and Camille Yver Kwok

Published
2022
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18. Estimating emissions of methane consistent with atmospheric measurements of methane and δ13C of methane

Author

Sourish Basu, Xin Lan, Edward Dlugokencky, Sylvia Michel, Stefan Schwietzke, John B. Miller, Lori Bruhwiler, Youmi Oh, Pieter P. Tans, Francesco Apadula, Luciana V. Gatti, Armin Jordan, Jaroslaw Necki, Motoki Sasakawa, Shinji Morimoto, Tatiana Di Iorio, Haeyoung Lee, Jgor Arduini, and Giovanni Manca

Subjects
Atmospheric Science
Abstract

We have constructed an atmospheric inversion framework based on TM5-4DVAR to jointly assimilate measurements of methane and δ13C of methane in order to estimate source-specific methane emissions. Here we present global emission estimates from this framework for the period 1999–2016. We assimilate a newly constructed, multi-agency database of CH4 and δ13C measurements. We find that traditional CH4-only atmospheric inversions are unlikely to estimate emissions consistent with atmospheric δ13C data, and assimilating δ13C data is necessary to derive emissions consistent with both measurements. Our framework attributes ca. 85 % of the post-2007 growth in atmospheric methane to microbial sources, with about half of that coming from the tropics between 23.5∘ N and 23.5∘ S. This contradicts the attribution of the recent growth in the methane budget of the Global Carbon Project (GCP). We find that the GCP attribution is only consistent with our top-down estimate in the absence of δ13C data. We find that at global and continental scales, δ13C data can separate microbial from fossil methane emissions much better than CH4 data alone, and at smaller scales this ability is limited by the current δ13C measurement coverage. Finally, we find that the largest uncertainty in using δ13C data to separate different methane source types comes from our knowledge of atmospheric chemistry, specifically the distribution of tropospheric chlorine and the isotopic discrimination of the methane sink.

Published
2022

19. On airborne IP effects in standard AEM systems: tightening model space with data space

Author

Andrea Viezzoli and Giovanni Manca

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Computer science, Geology, Data space, Subject (documents), Space (commercial competition), 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Interpretation (model theory), Mineral exploration, Geophysics, Systems engineering, Current (fluid), 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

IP effects in AEM data are subject of current research around the world. There have been success stories and it is now practical to model AIP. It is widely accepted that failure to account for IP e...

Published
2019
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20. ForestTemp - Sub-canopy microclimate temperatures of European forests

Author

Nina Buchmann, Carsten Gruening, Mana Gharun, Ilya M. D. Maclean, Pekka Niittynen, Giovanni Manca, Sonia Merinero, Roman Plichta, Jonathan Lenoir, Martin Kopecký, Romà Ogaya, Josef Brůna, Jan Wild, Robert Weigel, Martin Macek, Jonas Schmeddes, Patrice Descombes, Pieter De Frenne, Kristoffer Hylander, Josep Peñuelas, Alessio Collalti, Miguel Portillo-Estrada, Camille Meeussen, Marek Čiliak, Mariana Ujházyová, Lena Muffler, Jürgen Kreyling, Florian Zellweger, Sanne Govaert, František Máliš, Emiel De Lombaerde, Michael B. Ashcroft, Fabien Spicher, Bart Kruijt, Stefano Minerbi, Caroline Greiser, Ivan Nijs, Nicola Arriga, Leonardo Montagnani, Matěj Man, Ignacio Goded, Ankit Shekhar, Jonas J. Lembrechts, Lucia Hederová, Koenraad Van Meerbeek, Juha Aalto, Miska Luoto, Johan van den Hoogen, Pieter Vangansbeke, Stef Haesen, Achim Grelle, and Radim Matula

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Biodiversity & Conservation, Microclimate, Biodiversity, Forests, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Standard deviation, Trees, SoilTemp, thermal buffering, General Environmental Science, biodiversity, Global and Planetary Change, Ecology, CHALLENGES, Temperature, Chemistry, climate change, species distributions, Biodiversity Conservation, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Climate Change, MODELS, Climate change, boosted regression trees, Environmental Sciences & Ecology, 010603 evolutionary biology, Temperature measurement, Environmental Chemistry, Forest, Biology, climate, ecosystem processes, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, canopy, VULNERABILITY, Tree canopy, Science & Technology, WIMEK, Canopy microclimate, 15. Life on land, CLIMATE, forest microclimate, 13. Climate action, SNOW, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, Water Systems and Global Change, Environmental Sciences
Abstract

Ecological research heavily relies on coarse-gridded climate data based on standardized temperature measurements recorded at 2 m height in open landscapes. However, many organisms experience environmental conditions that differ substantially from those captured by these macroclimatic (i.e. free air) temperature grids. In forests, the tree canopy functions as a thermal insulator and buffers sub-canopy microclimatic conditions, thereby affecting biological and ecological processes. To improve the assessment of climatic conditions and climate-change-related impacts on forest-floor biodiversity and functioning, high-resolution temperature grids reflecting forest microclimates are thus urgently needed. Combining more than 1200 time series of in situ near-surface forest temperature with topographical, biological and macroclimatic variables in a machine learning model, we predicted the mean monthly offset between sub-canopy temperature at 15 cm above the surface and free-air temperature over the period 2000-2020 at a spatial resolution of 25 m across Europe. This offset was used to evaluate the difference between microclimate and macroclimate across space and seasons and finally enabled us to calculate mean annual and monthly temperatures for European forest understories. We found that sub-canopy air temperatures differ substantially from free-air temperatures, being on average 2.1°C (standard deviation ± 1.6°C) lower in summer and 2.0°C higher (±0.7°C) in winter across Europe. Additionally, our high-resolution maps expose considerable microclimatic variation within landscapes, not captured by the gridded macroclimatic products. The provided forest sub-canopy temperature maps will enable future research to model below-canopy biological processes and patterns, as well as species distributions more accurately. ispartof: GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY vol:27 issue:23 pages:6307-6319 ispartof: location:England status: published

Published
2021
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22. An Integrated Investigation of Atmospheric Gaseous Elemental Mercury Transport and Dispersion Around a Chlor-Alkali Plant in the Ossola Valley (Italian Central Alps)

Author

Nicoletta Guerrieri, Giovanni Manca, Laura Marziali, Laura Fantozzi, and Arianna Orrù

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, chemistry.chemical_element, TP1-1185, 010501 environmental sciences, Toxicology, Dispersion (geology), 01 natural sciences, Article, Atmosphere, Ossola Valley, continuous Hg measurements, Biomonitoring, Ecosystem, atmospheric gaseous elemental mercury, Lichen, lichens, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, Chemical Health and Safety, geography.geographical_feature_category, Chemical technology, Northern Hemisphere, mercury atmospheric sources, Mercury (element), chemistry, Environmental chemistry, biomonitoring, Environmental science, Channel (geography)
Abstract

We present the first assessment of atmospheric pollution by mercury (Hg) in an industrialized area located in the Ossola Valley (Italian Central Alps), in close proximity to the Toce River. The study area suffers from a level of Hg contamination due to a Hg cell chlor-alkali plant operating from 1915 to the end of 2017. We measured gaseous elemental Hg (GEM) levels by means of a portable Hg analyzer during car surveys between autumn 2018 and summer 2020. Moreover, we assessed the long-term dispersion pattern of atmospheric Hg by analyzing the total Hg concentration in samples of lichens collected in the Ossola Valley. High values of GEM concentrations (1112 ng m−3) up to three orders of magnitude higher than the typical terrestrial background concentration in the northern hemisphere were measured in the proximity of the chlor-alkali plant. Hg concentrations in lichens ranged from 142 ng g−1 at sampling sites located north of the chlor-alkali plant to 624 ng g−1 in lichens collected south of the chlor-alkali plant. A north-south gradient of Hg accumulation in lichens along the Ossola Valley channel was observed, highlighting that the area located south of the chlor-alkali plant is more exposed to the dispersion of Hg emitted into the atmosphere from the industrial site. Long-term studies on Hg emission and dispersion in the Ossola Valley are needed to better assess potential impact on ecosystems and human health.

Published
2021

23. The FLUXNET2015 dataset and the ONEFlux processing pipeline for eddy covariance data

Author

Eddy Moors, Uwe Eichelmann, Christian Brümmer, Stefano Minerbi, Barbara Marcolla, Gil Bohrer, Leonardo Montagnani, Üllar Rannik, Han Dolman, Janina Klatt, Samuli Launiainen, Elizabeth A. Walter-Shea, Nina Buchmann, Hank A. Margolis, Beniamino Gioli, Peter S. Curtis, Margaret S. Torn, Gabriela Posse, Luca Belelli Marchesini, Gianluca Filippa, Kenneth J. Davis, Leiming Zhang, Alexander Graf, Ray Leuning, Andrew Feitz, Simone Sabbatini, Harry McCaughey, Werner Eugster, Juha Pekka Tuovinen, Timothy J. Arkebauer, N. N. Vygodskaya, Adam J. Liska, Rosvel Bracho, Sebastian Wolf, Marc Aubinet, Jiří Dušek, Eugénie Paul-Limoges, Christof Ammann, Daniel Berveiller, Zoran Nesic, Giacomo Nicolini, Jaclyn Hatala Matthes, Russell L. Scott, David E. Reed, Frans-Jan W. Parmentier, Changliang Shao, Penélope Serrano-Ortiz, Yingnian Li, Jason Beringer, Marc Fischer, Deb Agarwal, Rasmus Fensholt, Russell K. Monson, Agnès de Grandcourt, Stefan K. Arndt, Timo Vesala, Uta Moderow, Joseph Verfaillie, Mika Aurela, Bev Law, Nina Hinko-Najera, Taro Nakai, Richard P. Phillips, Lindsay B. Hutley, Benjamin Loubet, Michele Tomassucci, Ayumi Kotani, Hans Peter Schmid, Raimundo Cosme de Oliveira, Anatoly A. Gitelson, Domenico Vitale, Regine Maier, Caitlin E. Moore, Xiaoqin Dai, Damien Bonal, John M. Frank, Yuelin Li, Christopher M. Gough, Shijie Han, Shirley A. Papuga, Edoardo Cremonese, Shawn Urbanski, Sébastien C. Biraud, Scott D. Miller, Mana Gharun, Annalea Lohila, Ian McHugh, Giovanni Manca, Bert Gielen, Wayne S. Meyer, Pierpaolo Duce, Bruce D. Cook, Carsten Gruening, Hiroki Ikawa, B.R. Reverter, Marian Pavelka, Andrew M. S. McMillan, Gang Dong, Isaac Chini, Kimberly A. Novick, Dalibor Janouš, Anne De Ligne, E. Beamesderfer, Marty Humphrey, Virginie Moreaux, Christian Wille, Markus Hehn, Hideki Kobayashi, Allen H. Goldstein, Walter C. Oechel, Richard Silberstein, Francisco Domingo, Francesco Mazzenga, Elise Pendall, Juha Hatakka, Lutz Merbold, Xingguo Han, Daniela Famulari, Carlo Trotta, Naama Raz-Yaseef, Dario Papale, Jean Marc Ourcival, Benoit Burban, Pavel Sedlák, Diego Polidori, Asko Noormets, Huimin Wang, Birger Ulf Hansen, Thomas Grünwald, Caroline Vincke, Robert M. Stevens, Carole Coursolle, D. P. Billesbach, Karl Schneider, Guoyi Zhou, Marcin Jackowicz-Korczynski, Paul V. Bolstad, Iris Feigenwinter, Shiping Chen, Julia Boike, Ivan Schroder, D. S. Christianson, Junhui Zhang, Pierre Cellier, Catharine van Ingen, Andrej Varlagin, A. Ribeca, Claudia Consalvo, Derek Eamus, Jason Brodeur, Alan G. Barr, Denis Loustau, Andreas Ibrom, Ankur R. Desai, Andrew E. Suyker, Efrén López-Blanco, Peter Cale, Nicola Arriga, William J. Massman, Abdelrahman Elbashandy, Yoshiko Kosugi, Pauline Buysse, Cove Sturtevant, T. A. Black, Housen Chu, David R. Bowling, Sabina Dore, Albin Hammerle, Tilden P. Meyers, M. Altaf Arain, Hatim Abdalla M. ElKhidir, Ignacio Goded, Roberto Zampedri, Alessio Collalti, Torsten Sachs, Tuomas Laurila, Cristina Poindexter, E. Canfora, Alexander Knohl, Donatella Spano, Silvano Fares, Scott R. Saleska, Michiel K. van der Molen, Suzanne M. Prober, Marryanna Lion, Steven C. Wofsy, Michael L. Goulden, Matthew Northwood, Antje Lucas-Moffat, Christine Moureaux, Jean-Marc Limousin, Sara H. Knox, Damiano Gianelle, Olaf Kolle, Jørgen E. Olesen, Mikhail Mastepanov, Bernard Heinesch, Christian Bernhofer, Peter D. Blanken, Hyojung Kwon, Georg Wohlfahrt, Peili Shi, Yann Nouvellon, Allison L. Dunn, Onil Bergeron, Mauro Cavagna, Heiko Prasse, Natalia Restrepo-Coupe, Yanhong Tang, Donatella Zona, Andrew S. Kowalski, Eric Dufrêne, Kim Pilegaard, Serena Marras, Yongtao He, Brent E. Ewers, Siyan Ma, Jean Marc Bonnefond, Jonas Ardö, Ko van Huissteden, Roser Matamala, Robin Weber, Nigel J. Tapper, Humberto Ribeiro da Rocha, Eva van Gorsel, Torbern Tagesson, Frederik Schrader, Frank Tiedemann, Myroslava Khomik, Torben R. Christensen, Jonathan E. Thom, James Cleverly, Víctor Resco de Dios, Ivan Shironya, Jeffrey P. Walker, You Wei Cheah, Ana López-Ballesteros, Georgia R. Koerber, J. William Munger, Shicheng Jiang, Johannes Lüers, Bruno De Cinti, Gilberto Pastorello, David R. Cook, Werner L. Kutsch, Paul Di Tommasi, Nicolas Delpierre, Peter Isaac, Carlos Marcelo Di Bella, Jiquan Chen, Craig Macfarlane, Dennis D. Baldocchi, William Woodgate, Riccardo Valentini, Marilyn Roland, Ladislav Šigut, Tomomichi Kato, Sebastian Westermann, Ivan Mammarella, Bart Kruijt, Marta Galvagno, Marius Schmidt, Serge Rambal, J. Kurbatova, Sean P. Burns, Ettore D'Andrea, Chad Hanson, Vincenzo Magliulo, Anne Griebel, Brian D. Amiro, M. Goeckede, Enrique P. Sánchez-Cañete, Thomas L. Powell, Marcelo D. Nosetto, Cacilia Ewenz, Michael J. Liddell, Satoru Takanashi, Lukas Hörtnagl, Zulia Mayari Sanchez-Mejia, W.W.P. Jans, N. Pirk, Johan Neirynck, Rainer Steinbrecher, Lukas Siebicke, Matthias Peichl, Rachhpal S. Jassal, Costantino Sirca, Earth and Climate, Earth Sciences, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), INAR Physics, Micrometeorology and biogeochemical cycles, Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), Ecosystem processes (INAR Forest Sciences), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), Università degli studi della Tuscia [Viterbo], California State University [Sacramento], Michigan State University System, University of Virginia, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), University of Manitoba [Winnipeg], Agroscope, McMaster University [Hamilton, Ontario], Lund University [Lund], University of Nebraska–Lincoln, University of Nebraska System, University of Melbourne, University of Antwerp (UA), Université de Liège, Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC), University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S), Peoples Friendship University of Russia [RUDN University] (RUDN), The University of Western Australia (UWA), Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), Ecologie Systématique et Evolution (ESE), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of British Columbia (UBC), University of Colorado [Colorado Springs] (UCCS), Ohio State University [Columbus] (OSU), Humboldt University Of Berlin, University of Minnesota System, SILVA (SILVA), AgroParisTech-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Utah, University of Central Florida [Orlando] (UCF), Thunen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, Department of Environmental Systems Science [ETH Zürich] (D-USYS), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Fondazione Edmund Mach - Edmund Mach Foundation [Italie] (FEM), Aarhus University [Aarhus], University of Technology Sydney (UTS), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Argonne National Laboratory [Lemont] (ANL), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System, Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Shanxi University (SXU), Worcester State University [Worcester], Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), UCL - SST/ELI/ELIE - Environmental Sciences, GILBERTO PASTORELLO, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, THOMAS ANDREW BLACK, University of British Columbia, PETER D. BLANKEN, University of Colorado, GIL BOHRER, Ohio State University, JULIA BOIKE, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research / Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, PAUL V. BOLSTAD, University of Minnesota, JEAN-MARC BONNEFOND, ISPA Bordeaux Sciences Agro, DAVID R. BOWLING, University of Utah, ROSVEL BRACHO, University of Florida, JASON BRODEUR, McMaster University, CHRISTIAN BRÜMMER, Thünen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, NINA BUCHMANN, ETH Zurich, BENOIT BURBAN, INRAE UMR ECOFOG, AGNES DE GRANDCOURT, UMR Eco&Sols, CIRAD, ANNE DE LIGNE, University of Liege, RAIMUNDO COSME DE OLIVEIRA JUNIOR, CPATU, HAN DOLMAN, Universiteit Amsterdam, FRANCISCO DOMINGO, CSIC, GANG DONG, Shanxi University, SABINA DORE, HydroFocus, PIERPAOLO DUCE, National Research Council of Italy, MARTA GALVAGNO, Environmental Protection Agency of Aosta Valley, MANA GHARUN, ETH Zurich, DAMIANO GIANELLE, Fondazione Edmund Mach, MARCIN JACKOWICZ-KORCZYNSKI, Lund University / Aarhus University, DALIBOR JANOUS, Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, WILMA JANS, Wageningen University and Research, RACHHPAL JASSAL, University of British Columbia, SHICHENG JIANG, Northeast Normal University, ANA LÓPEZ-BALLESTEROS, Trinity College Dublin, EFRÉN LÓPEZ-BLANCO, Aarhus University, BENJAMIN LOUBET, Université Paris-Saclay, DENIS LOUSTAU, ISPA - INRA, JOHANNES LÜERS, University of Bayreuth, JOHAN NEIRYNCK, Research Institute for Nature and Forest, ZORAN NESIC, University of British Columbia, GIACOMO NICOLINI, University of Tuscia / CMCC, ASKO NOORMETS, Texas A&M University, MATTHEW NORTHWOOD, Charles Darwin University, KIMBERLY NOVICK, Indiana University Bloomington, MARILYN ROLAND, University of Antwerp, SIMONE SABBATINI, University of Tuscia, TORSTEN SACHS, GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, SCOTT R. SALESKA, University of Arizona, ENRIQUE P. SÁNCHEZ-CAÑETE, University of Granada / CEAMA-IISTA, ZULIA M. SANCHEZ-MEJIA, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, RAINER STEINBRECHER, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, ROBERT M. STEVENS, Sentek Pty Ltd, COVE STURTEVANT, National Ecological Observatory Network Program, ANDY SUYKER, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, TORBERN TAGESSON, Lund University / University of Copenhagen, SATORU TAKANASHI, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, DOMENICO VITALE, University of Tuscia / CMCC, NATALIA VYGODSKAYA, Russian Academy of Sciences, JEFFREY P. WALKER, Monash University, ELIZABETH WALTER-SHEA, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, HUIMIN WANG, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ROBIN WEBER, University of California Berkeley, SEBASTIAN WESTERMANN, Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria (INTA), CHRISTIAN WILLE, GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, STEVEN WOFSY, Harvard University, GEORG WOHLFAHRT, University of Innsbruck, SEBASTIAN WOLF, ETH Zurich, WILLIAM WOODGATE, CSIRO Land and Water, YUELIN LI, Chinese Academy of Sciences, DONATELLA ZONA, San Diego State University / University of Sheffield, DEB AGARWAL, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, SEBASTIEN BIRAUD, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, MARGARET TORN, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, DARIO PAPALE, University of Tuscia / CMCC., ALLISON DUNN, Worcester State University, JIRÍ DUSEK, Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, DEREK EAMUS, University of Technology Sydney, UWE EICHELMANN, Technische Universität Dresden, HOUSEN CHU, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, DANIELLE CHRISTIANSON, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, YOU-WEI CHEAH, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, CRISTINA POINDEXTER, California State University, JIQUAN CHEN, Michigan State University, ABDELRAHMAN ELBASHANDY, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, MARTY HUMPHREY, University of Virginia, PETER ISAAC, TERN Ecosystrem Processes, DIEGO POLIDORI, University of Tuscia / CMCC, ALESSIO RIBECA, University of Tuscia / CMCC, CATHARINE VAN INGEN, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, LEIMINGZ HANG, Chinese Academy of Sciences, BRIAN AMIRO, University of Manitoba, CHRISTOF AMMANN, Agroscope Research Institute, M. ALTAF ARAIN, McMaster University, JONAS ARDÖ, Lund University, TIMOTHY ARKEBAUER, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, STEFAN K. ARNDT, The University of Melbourne, NICOLA ARRIGA, University of Antwerp / Joint Research Centre, MARC AUBINET, University of Liege, MIKA AURELA, Finnish Meteorological Institute, DENNIS BALDOCCHI, University of California Berkeley, ALAN BARR, University of Saskatchewan / Environment and Climate Change Canada, DAMIEN BONAL, Université de Lorraine, SEAN P. BURNS, University of Colorado / National Center for Atmospheric Research, PAULINE BUYSSE, Université Paris-Saclay, PETER CALE, Australian Landscape Trust, MAURO CAVAGNA, Fondazione Edmund Mach, PIERRE CELLIER, Université Paris-Saclay, SHIPING CHEN, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ISAAC CHINI, Fondazione Edmund Mach, TORBEN R . CHRISTENSEN, Aarhus University, JAMES CLEVERLY, University of Technology Sydney, ALESSIO COLLALTI, University of Tuscia / National Research Council of Italy, CLAUDIA CONSALVO, University of Tuscia / National Research Council of Italy, BRUCE D. COOK, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, DAVID COOK, Argonne National Laboratory, CAROLE COURSOLLE, Natural Resources Canada / Université Laval, EDOARDO CREMONESE, Climate Change Unit, PETER S. CURTIS, Ohio State University, ETTORE DANDREA, National Research Council of Italy, HUMBERTO DA ROCHA, USP, XIAOQIN DAI, Chinese Academy of Sciences, KENNETH J. DAVIS, The Pennsylvania State University, BRUNO DE CINTI, National Research Council of Italy, NICOLAS DELPIERRE, Université Paris-Saclay, ANKUR R . DESAI, University of Wisconsin-Madison, CARLOS MARCELO DI BELLA, Facultad de Agronomía, UBA, Buenos Aires., PAUL DI TOMMASI, National Research Council of Italy, ERIC DUFRÊNE, Université Paris-Saclay, MARIUS SCHMIDT, Agrosphere (IBG3), HATIM ABDALLA M. ELKHIDIR, ElObeid Research Station, WERNER EUGSTER, ETH Zurich, CACILIA M. EWENZ, TERN Ecosystem Processes Central Node, BRENT EWERS, University of Wyoming, DANIELA FAMULARI, National Research Council of Italy, SILVANO FARES, National Research Council of Italy / Research Centre for Forestry and Wood, IRIS FEIGENWINTER, ETH Zurich, ANDREW FEITZ, Geoscience Australia, RASMUS FENSHOLT, University of Copenhagen, GIANLUCA FILIPPA, Environmental Protection Agency of Aosta Valley, MARC FISCHER, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, JOHN FRANK, USDA Forest Service, BERT GIELEN, University of Antwerp, BENIAMINO GIOLI, National Research Council of Italy, ANATOLY GITELSON, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, IGNACIO BALLARIN GODED, Joint Research Centre, MATHIAS GOECKEDE, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, ALLEN H. GOLDSTEIN, University of California Berkeley, CHRISTOPHER M. GOUGH, Virginia Commonwealth University, MICHAEL L. GOULDEN, University of California, ALEXANDER GRAF, Forschungszentrum Jülich, ANNE GRIEBEL, The University of Melbourne, CARSTEN GRUENING, Joint Research Centre, THOMAS GRÜNWALD, Technische Universität Dresden, ALBIN HAMMERLE, University of Innsbruck, SHIJIE HAN, Henan University / Chinese Academy of Sciences, XINGGUO HAN, Chinese Academy of Sciences, BIRGER ULF HANSEN, University of Copenhagen, CHAD HANSON, Oregon State University, JUHA HATAKKA, Finnish Meteorological Institute, YONGTAO HE, Chinese Academy of Sciences / University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, MARKUS HEHN, Technische Universität Dresden, BERNARD HEINESCH, University of Liege, NINA HINKO-NAJERA, The University of Melbourne, LUKAS HÖRTNAGL, ETH Zurich, LINDSAY HUTLEY, Charles Darwin University, ANDREAS IBROM, Technical University of Denmark, HIROKI IKAWA, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, TOMOMICHI KATO, Hokkaido University, MYROSLAVA KHOMIK, McMaster University / Geography and Environmental Management, JANINA KLATT, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, ALEXANDER KNOHL, University of Goettingen, SARA KNOX, The University of British Columbia, HIDEKI KOBAYASHI, Institute of Arctic Climate and Environment Research, GEORGIA KOERBER, University of Adelaide, OLAF KOLLE, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, YOSHIKO KOSUGI, Kyoto University, AYUMI KOTANI, Nagoya University, ANDREW KOWALSKI, University of Granada, BART KRUIJT, Wageningen University, JULIA KURBATOVA, Russian Academy of Sciences, WERNER L. KUTSCH, ICOS ERIC, HYOJUNG KWON, Oregon State University, SAMULI LAUNIAINEN, Natural Resources Institute Finland, TUOMAS LAURILA, Finnish Meteorological Institute, BEV LAW, Oregon State University, RAY LEUNING, In memoriam, YINGNIAN LI, Chinese Academy of Sciences, MICHAEL LIDDELL, James Cook University, JEAN-MARC LIMOUSIN, Univ Montpellier, KARL SCHNEIDER, University of Cologne, MARRYANNA LION, Forest Research Institute Malaysia, ADAM J. LISKA, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, ANNALEA LOHILA, Finnish Meteorological Institute / University of Helsinki, ANTJE LUCAS-MOFFAT, Thünen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture / Centre for Agrometeorological Research, SIYAN MA, University of California Berkeley, CRAIG MACFARLANE, CSIRO Land and Water, VINCENZO MAGLIULO, National Research Council of Italy, REGINE MAIER, ETH Zurich, IVAN MAMMARELLA, University of Helsinki, GIOVANNI MANCA, Joint Research Centre, BARBARA MARCOLLA, Fondazione Edmund Mach, HANK A . MARGOLIS, Université Laval, SERENA MARRAS, CMCC / University of Sassari, WILLIAM MASSMAN, USDA Forest Service, MIKHAIL MASTEPANOV, Aarhus University / University of Oulu, ROSER MATAMALA, Argonne National Laboratory, JACLYN HATALA MATTHES, Wellesley College, FRANCESCO MAZZENGA, National Research Council of Italy, HARRY MCCAUGHEY, Queen’s University, IAN MCHUGH, The University of Melbourne, ANDREW M. S. MCMILLAN, Environmental Analytics NZ, LUTZ MERBOLD, International Livestock Research Institute, WAYNE MEYER, University of Adelaide, TILDEN MEYERS, NOAA/OAR/Air Resources Laboratory, SCOTT D. MILLER, State University of New York at Albany, STEFANO MINERBI, Forest Department of South Tyrol, UTA MODEROW, Technische Universität Dresden, RUSSELL K. MONSON, University of Arizona, LEONARDO MONTAGNANI, Forest Department of South Tyrol / Free University of Bolzano, CAITLIN E. MOORE, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, EDDY MOORS, IHE Delft / VU Amsterdam, VIRGINIE MOREAUX, ISPA / University Grenoble Alpes, CHRISTINE MOUREAUX, University of Liege, J. WILLIAM MUNGER, Harvard University, TARO NAKAI, National Taiwan University / University of Alaska Fairbanks, MARCELO NOSETTO, Instituto de Matemática Aplicada San Luis / UNER, YANN NOUVELLON, Univ Montpellier-CIRAD-INRA-IRD-Montpellier SupAgro, WALTER OECHEL, San Diego State University / University of Exeter, JORGEN EIVIND OLESEN, Aarhus University, JEAN-MARC OURCIVAL, Univ Montpellier, SHIRLEY A. PAPUGA, Wayne State University, FRANS-JAN PARMENTIER, Lund University / University of Oslo, EUGENIE PAUL-LIMOGES, University of Zurich, MARIAN PAVELKA, Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, MATTHIAS PEICHL, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, ELISE PENDALL, Western Sydney University, RICHARD P. PHILLIPS, Indiana University Bloomington, KIM PILEGAARD, Technical University of Denmark, NORBERT PIRK, Lund University / CSIRO Land and Water, GABRIELA POSSE, Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria (INTA), THOMAS POWELL, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, HEIKO PRASSE, Technische Universität Dresden, SUZANNE M. PROBER, CSIRO Land and Water, SERGE RAMBAL, Univ Montpellier, ÜLLAR RANNIK, University of Helsinki, DAVID REED, Michigan State University, VICTOR RESCO DE DIOS, Western Sydney University / Southwest University of Science and Technology, NATALIA RESTREPO-COUPE, University of Arizona, BORJA R. REVERTER, Universidade Federal da Paraiba, HANS PETER SCHMID, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, FREDERIK SCHRADER, Federal Research Institute of Rural Areas, IVAN SCHRODER, Geoscience Australia, RUSSELL L. SCOTT, Southwest Watershed Research Center, PAVEL SEDLÁK, Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences / Institute of Atmospheric Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, PENÉLOPE SERRANO-ORTÍZ, CEAMA-IISTA / University of Granada, CHANGLIANG SHAO, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, PEILI SHI, Chinese Academy of Sciences, IVAN SHIRONYA, Russian Academy of Sciences, LUKAS SIEBICKE, Bioclimatology, University of Goettingen, LADISLAV SIGUT, Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, RICHARD SILBERSTEIN, University of Western Australia / Edith Cowan University, COSTANTINO SIRCA, CMCC / University of Sassari, DONATELLA SPANO, CMCC / University of Sassari, YANHONG TANG, Peking University, NIGEL TAPPER, Monash University, JONATHAN THOM, University of Wisconsin-Madison, FRANK TIEDEMANN, University of Goettingen, MICHELE TOMASSUCCI, University of Tuscia / Terrasystem srl, JUHA-PEKKA TUOVINEN, Finnish Meteorological Institute, SHAWN URBANSKI, Rocky Mountain Research Station, RICCARDO VALENTINI, University of Tuscia / CMCC, MICHIEL VAN DER MOLEN, Wageningen University, EVA VAN GORSEL, Australian National University Canberra, KO VAN HUISSTEDEN, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, ANDREJ VARLAGIN, Russian Academy of Sciences, JOSEPH VERFAILLIE, University of California Berkeley, TIMO VESALA, University of Helsinki, CAROLINE VINCKE, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ROBERTO ZAMPEDRI, Fondazione Edmund Mach, JUNHUI ZHANG, Chinese Academy of Sciences, GUOYI ZHOU, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, NAAMA RAZ-YASEEF, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, ERIC BEAMESDERFER, McMaster University, CARLO TROTTA, University of Tuscia, ELEONORA CANFORA, University of Tuscia / CMCC, LUCA BELELLI MARCHESINI, Fondazione Edmund Mach / RUDN University, ONIL BERGERON, Ministère du Développement durable de l’Environnement et de la Lutte contre les changements climatiques, JASON BERINGER, University of Western Australia, CHRISTIAN BERNHOFER, Technische Universität Dresden, DANIEL BERVEILLER, Université Paris-Saclay, and DAVE BILLESBACH, University of Nebraska-Lincoln

Subjects
Meteorologie en Luchtkwaliteit, Data Descriptor, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Settore AGR/05 - ASSESTAMENTO FORESTALE E SELVICOLTURA, dataset provides ecosystem, UNCERTAINTY, Eddy covariance, Observation météorologique, 01 natural sciences, ecosystem-scale data, lcsh:Science, SITES, Energy, Respiration, Statistics, Uncertainty, Carbon cycle, Biological measurements, Terrestrial biome, RESPIRATION, gapfilling, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Assimilation, Anhídrid carbònic, ddc:500, Net ecosystem exchange, Écosystème, STORAGE, Information Systems, Statistics and Probability, ecosystem approaches [EN], Meteorology and Air Quality, ASSIMILATION, Library and Information Sciences, Education, collection [EN], Donnée climatique, Data collection, Water, 15. Life on land, Earth system science, Climate Resilience, Klimaatbestendigheid, lcsh:Q, processing, Climate sciences, Ecophysiology, Storage, Oceanography, Hydrology, Water Resources, 010501 environmental sciences, CARBON-DIOXIDE, ENERGY-BALANCE CLOSURE, ddc:550, Échange d'énergie, FLUXNET2015, Biosphere, Energy balance closure, fluxnet, Computer Science Applications, Collecte de données, Energia, P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources foncières, Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty, INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY, Eddy Covariance, SDG 6 - Clean Water and Sanitation, Engineering sciences. Technology, Sensoriamento Remoto, FLUX, 1171 Geosciences, Consistency (database systems), eau, Life Science, Time series, Remote sensing studies, Measurement device, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, Ecosystem respiration and photosynthetic, WIMEK, NET ECOSYSTEM EXCHANGE, Pipeline (software), Environmental sciences, Metadata, Earth sciences, Carbon dioxide, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, Probability and Uncertainty, Water Systems and Global Change, Dioxyde de carbone
Abstract

The FLUXNET2015 dataset provides ecosystem-scale data on CO2, water, and energy exchange between the biosphere and the atmosphere, and other meteorological and biological measurements, from 212 sites around the globe (over 1500 site-years, up to and including year 2014). These sites, independently managed and operated, voluntarily contributed their data to create global datasets. Data were quality controlled and processed using uniform methods, to improve consistency and intercomparability across sites. The dataset is already being used in a number of applications, including ecophysiology studies, remote sensing studies, and development of ecosystem and Earth system models. FLUXNET2015 includes derived-data products, such as gap-flled time series, ecosystem respiration and photosynthetic uptake estimates, estimation of uncertainties, and metadata about the measurements, presented for the frst time in this paper. In addition, 206 of these sites are for the frst time distributed under a Creative Commons (CC-BY 4.0) license. This paper details this enhanced dataset and the processing methods, now made available as open-source codes, making the dataset more accessible, transparent, and reproducible., European Union (EU), United States Department of Energy (DOE)

Published
2020
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24. FLUXNET-CH4: A global, multi-ecosystem dataset and analysis of methane seasonality from freshwater wetlands

Author

Kyle B. Delwiche, Sara Helen Knox, Avni Malhotra, Etienne Fluet-Chouinard, Gavin McNicol, Sarah Feron, Zutao Ouyang, Dario Papale, Carlo Trotta, Eleonora Canfora, You-Wei Cheah, Danielle Christianson, M. Carmelita R. Alberto, Pavel Alekseychik, Mika Aurela, Dennis Baldocchi, Sheel Bansal, David P. Billesbach, Gil Bohrer, Rosvel Bracho, Nina Buchmann, David I. Campbell, Gerardo Celis, Jiquan Chen, Weinan Chen, Housen Chu, Higo J. Dalmagro, Sigrid Dengel, Ankur R. Desai, Matteo Detto, Han Dolman, Elke Eichelmann, Eugenie Euskirchen, Daniela Famulari, Thomas Friborg, Kathrin Fuchs, Mathias Goeckede, Sébastien Gogo, Mangaliso J. Gondwe, Jordan P. Goodrich, Pia Gottschalk, Scott L. Graham, Martin Heimann, Manuel Helbig, Carole Helfter, Kyle S. Hemes, Takashi Hirano, David Hollinger, Lukas Hörtnagl, Hiroki Iwata, Adrien Jacotot, Joachim Jansen, Gerald Jurasinski, Minseok Kang, Kuno Kasak, John King, Janina Klatt, Franziska Koebsch, Ken W. Krauss, Derrick Y. F. Lai, Ivan Mammarella, Giovanni Manca, Luca Belelli Marchesini, Jaclyn Hatala Matthes, Trofim Maximon, Lutz Merbold, Bhaskar Mitra, Timothy H. Morin, Eiko Nemitz, Mats B. Nilsson, Shuli Niu, Walter C. Oechel, Patricia Y. Oikawa, Keisuke Ono, Matthias Peichl, Olli Peltola, Michele L. Reba, Andrew D. Richardson, William Riley, Benjamin R. K. Runkle, Youngryel Ryu, Torsten Sachs, Ayaka Sakabe, Camilo Rey Sanchez, Edward A. Schuur, Karina V. R. Schäfer, Oliver Sonnentag, Jed P. Sparks, Ellen Stuart-Haëntjens, Cove Sturtevant, Ryan C. Sullivan, Daphne J. Szutu, Jonathan E. Thom, Margaret S. Torn, Eeva-Stiina Tuittila, Jessica Turner, Masahito Ueyama, Alex C. Valach, Rodrigo Vargas, Andrej Varlagin, Alma Vazquez-Lule, Joseph G. Verfaillie, Timo Vesala, George L. Vourlitis, Eric J. Ward, Christian Wille, Georg Wohlfahrt, Guan Xhuan Wong, Zhen Zhang, Donatella Zona, Lisamarie Windham-Myers, Benjamin Poulter, and Robert B. Jackson

Subjects
13. Climate action, Settore BIO/07 - ECOLOGIA, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 021107 urban & regional planning, 02 engineering and technology, 15. Life on land, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Methane (CH4) emissions from natural landscapes constitute roughly half of global CH4 contributions to the atmosphere, yet large uncertainties remain in the absolute magnitude and the seasonality of emission quantities and drivers. Eddy covariance (EC) measurements of CH4 flux are ideal for constraining ecosystem-scale CH4 emissions, including their seasonality, due to quasi-continuous and high temporal resolution of flux measurements, coincident measurements of carbon, water, and energy fluxes, lack of ecosystem disturbance, and increased availability of datasets over the last decade. Here, we 1) describe the newly published dataset, FLUXNET-CH4 Version 1.0, the first global dataset of CH4 EC measurements (available at https://fluxnet.org/data/fluxnet-ch4- community-product/). FLUXNET-CH4 includes half-hourly and daily gap-filled and non gap-filled aggregated CH4 fluxes and meteorological data from 79 sites globally: 42 freshwater wetlands, 6 brackish and saline wetlands, 7 formerly drained ecosystems, 7 rice paddy sites, 2 lakes, and 15 uplands. Then, we 2) evaluate FLUXNET-CH4 representativeness for freshwater wetland coverage globally, because the majority of sites in FLUXNET-CH4 Version 1.0 are freshwater wetlands and because freshwater wetlands are a substantial source of total atmospheric CH4 emissions; and 3) provide the first global estimates of the seasonal variability and seasonality predictors of freshwater wetland CH4 fluxes. Our representativeness analysis suggests that the freshwater wetland sites in the dataset cover global wetland bioclimatic attributes (encompassing energy, moisture, and vegetation-related parameters) in arctic, boreal, and temperate regions, but only sparsely cover humid tropical regions. Seasonality metrics of wetland CH4 emissions vary considerably across latitudinal bands. In freshwater wetlands (except those between 20° S to 20° N) the spring onset of elevated CH4 emissions starts three days earlier, and the CH4 emission season lasts 4 days longer, for each degree C increase in mean annual air temperature. On average, the onset of increasing CH4 emissions lags soil warming by one month, with very few sites experiencing increased CH4 emissions prior to the onset of soil warming. In contrast, roughly half of these sites experience the spring onset of rising CH4 emissions prior to the spring increase in gross primary productivity (GPP). The timing of peak summer CH4 emissions does not correlate with the timing for either peak summer temperature or peak GPP. Our results provide seasonality parameters for CH4 modeling, and highlight seasonality metrics that cannot be predicted by temperature or GPP (i.e., seasonality of CH4 peak). The FLUXNET-CH4 dataset provides an open-access resource for CH4 flux synthesis, has a range of applications, and is unique in that it includes coupled measurements of important CH4 drivers such as GPP and temperature. Although FLUXNET-CH4 could certainly be improved by adding more sites in tropical ecosystems and by increasing the number of site-years at existing sites, it is a powerful new resource for diagnosing and understanding the role of terrestrial ecosystems and climate drivers in the global CH4 cycle. All seasonality parameters are available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4408468. Additionally, raw FLUXNET-CH4 data used to extract seasonality parameters can be downloaded from https://fluxnet.org/data/fluxnet-ch4-community-product/, and a complete list of the 79 individual site data DOIs is provided in Table 2 in the Data Availability section of this document., Earth System Science Data Discussions, ISSN:1866-3591

Published
2021

25. Temperature thresholds of ecosystem respiration at a global scale

Author

Damien Bonal, Leonardo Montagnani, Andy Black, Beniamino Gioli, Jørgen E. Olesen, Fernando Moyano, Christian Brümmer, Changliang Shao, Chris Venditti, Jiří Dušek, Christopher M. Gough, Hiroki Ikawa, Ignacio Goded, Alessandro Cescatti, Alexander Graf, Nicola Arriga, Sebastian Wolf, Alice S. A. Johnston, William Woodgate, Vincenzo Magliulo, Andrew Meade, Peter D. Blanken, Hideki Kobayashi, Georg Wohlfahrt, Andrej Varlagin, Torsten Sachs, Rachhpal S. Jassal, Jonas Ardö, Torbern Tagesson, and Giovanni Manca

Subjects
Ecology, ecosystem respiration, Respiration, Ecosystem ecology, Eddy covariance, Temperature, Climate change, Carbon sink, Atmospheric sciences, Carbon Cycle, Carbon cycle, Soil, ddc:570, global scale, Environmental science, Ecosystem, Ecosystem respiration, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

Ecosystem respiration is a major component of the global terrestrial carbon cycle and is strongly influenced by temperature. The global extent of the temperature-ecosystem respiration relationship, however, has not been fully explored. Here, we test linear and threshold models of ecosystem respiration across 210 globally distributed eddy covariance sites over an extensive temperature range. We find thresholds to the global temperature-ecosystem respiration relationship at high and low air temperatures and mid soil temperatures, which represent transitions in the temperature dependence and sensitivity of ecosystem respiration. Annual ecosystem respiration rates show a markedly reduced temperature dependence and sensitivity compared to half-hourly rates, and a single mid-temperature threshold for both air and soil temperature. Our study indicates a distinction in the influence of environmental factors, including temperature, on ecosystem respiration between latitudinal and climate gradients at short (half-hourly) and long (annual) timescales. Such climatological differences in the temperature sensitivity of ecosystem respiration have important consequences for the terrestrial net carbon sink under ongoing climate change.The authors test for temperature dependency of ecosystem respiration rates across globally distributed eddy covariance sites, revealing consistent temperature thresholds where ecosystem metabolism changes.

Published
2021
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26. Non-stomatal processes reduce gross primary productivity in temperate forest ecosystems during severe edaphic drought

Author

Natalia Kowalska, Lukas Siebicke, Andreas Ibrom, Lenka Foltýnová, Johan Neiryink, Ladislav Šigut, Ignacio Goded Ballarin, Louis Gourlez de la Motte, Giovanni Manca, Marilyn Roland, Mathias Cuntz, Denis Lousteau, Bernard Longdoz, Caroline Vincke, Bernard Heinesch, Quentin Beauclaire, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), SILVA (SILVA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-AgroParisTech, FWO Service Public de Wallonie 1217769project 'SustES -Adaptation strategies for sustainable ecosystem services and food security under adverse environmental conditions' CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000797University of Goettingen German Research Foundation (DFG) Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF) Technical University of Denmark (DTU) Det Frie Forskningsrad (DFF)DFF -1323-00182Danish Ministry of Higher Education and Science 5072-00008BEU research infrastructure project RINGO EU research infrastructure project ICOS INRA, UCL - SST/ELI/ELIE - Environmental Sciences, Université de Liège - Gembloux, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Université de Lorraine (UL), Global Change Research Institute CAS, European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), University of Antwerp (UA), Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Göttingen - Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, and Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Stomatal conductance, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Climate Change, Eddy covariance, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Forests, Photosynthesis, 01 natural sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Gross primary productivity, Trees, Forest ecology, Ecosystem, Forest, edaphic drought, Biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, model, Drought, Atmosphere, Ecology, Temperate forest, Edaphic, Articles, 15. Life on land, temperate forest ecosystems, Droughts, Europe, climate change, 13. Climate action, Plant Stomata, General Biochemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, Human medicine, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Severe drought events are known to cause important reductions of gross primary productivity ( GPP ) in forest ecosystems. However, it is still unclear whether this reduction originates from stomatal closure (Stomatal Origin Limitation) and/or non-stomatal limitations (Non-SOL). In this study, we investigated the impact of edaphic drought in 2018 on GPP and its origin (SOL, NSOL) using a dataset of 10 European forest ecosystem flux towers. In all stations where GPP reductions were observed during the drought, these were largely explained by declines in the maximum apparent canopy scale carboxylation rate V CMAX,APP (NSOL) when the soil relative extractable water content dropped below around 0.4. Concurrently, we found that the stomatal slope parameter ( G 1 , related to SOL) of the Medlyn et al . unified optimization model linking vegetation conductance and GPP remained relatively constant. These results strengthen the increasing evidence that NSOL should be included in stomatal conductance/photosynthesis models to faithfully simulate both GPP and water fluxes in forest ecosystems during severe drought. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Impacts of the 2018 severe drought and heatwave in Europe: from site to continental scale’.

Published
2020
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27. Evaluation and optimization of ICOS atmospheric station data as part of the labeling process

Author

Camille Yver-Kwok, Carole Philippon, Peter Bergamaschi, Tobias Biermann, Francescopiero Calzolari, Huilin Chen, Sébastien Conil, Paolo Cristofanelli, Marc Delmotte, Juha Hatakka, Michal Heliasz, Ove Hermansen, Kateřina Komínková, Dagmar Kubistin, Nicolas Kumps, Olivier Laurent, Tuomas Laurila, Irene Lehner, Janne Levula, Matthias Lindauer, Morgan Lopez, Ivan Mammarella, Giovanni Manca, Per Marklund, Jean-Marc Metzger, Meelis Mölder, Stephen M. Platt, Michel Ramonet, Leonard Rivier, Bert Scheeren, Mahesh Kumar Sha, Paul Smith, Martin Steinbacher, Gabriela Vítková, and Simon Wyss

Abstract

The Integrated Carbon Observation System (ICOS) is a pan-European research infrastructure which provides harmonized and high precision scientific data on the carbon cycle and the greenhouse gas (GHG) budget. All stations have to undergo a rigorous assessment before being labeled, i.e. receiving approval to join the network. In this paper, we present the labeling process for the ICOS atmospheric network through the 23 stations that have been labeled between November 2017 and November 2019. We describe the labeling steps as well as the quality controls used to verify that the ICOS data (CO2, CH4, CO and meteorological measurements) attain the expected quality level defined within ICOS. To ensure the quality of the GHG data, three to four calibration gases and two target gases, one measured two to three times a day, the other with the calibration gases (twice a month) are measured. The data are controlled on a weekly basis and tests on the station sampling lines are performed twice a year. From these high-quality data, we conclude that regular calibrations of the CO2, CH4 and CO analyzers used here (twice a month) are important in particular for carbon monoxide (CO) due to the analyzer's variability and that reducing the number of calibration injections (from four to three) in a calibration sequence is possible and permits saving gas and extend the calibration gas lifespan. We also show that currently, the on-site water vapor correction test does not deliver quantitative results possibly due to environmental factors. Thus the use of a drying system is strongly recommended. Finally, the mandatory regular intake line tests are shown to be useful to detect artifacts and leaks as shown here via three different examples at the stations.

Published
2020
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28. A thorough synthetic study on IP effects in AEM data from different systems

Author

Andrea Viezzoli and Giovanni Manca

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Computer science, General Engineering, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Base (topology), 01 natural sciences, Transfer function, Field (geography), Exponential function, Line (geometry), Range (statistics), Waveform, Algorithm, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Voltage
Abstract

IP effects in AEM data are subject of current research around the world, due to the recent recognition of their significance for exploration and general (hydro)geological mapping. There have been success stories and it is now practical to model AIP on thousands of line kms of AEM data. However there still is a need to study more accurately the boundaries of the effect and of its relevance, beyond common past acceptance. In this paper we present a systematic, extended analysis of AIP effect in different AEM (TEM) systems’ data, , based on synthetic modelling of different pseudo geologies. Its goal is to provide a clear overview of possible AIP effects in the data space, without imposing simplistic assumptions (e.g., fixing some parameters to arbitrary values or limited boundaries). We produce 1D forward responses with dispersive resistivity for hundreds of thousands of combinations of Cole-Cole model parameters and AEM system transfer functions. The results are analyzed using various metrics (e.g., sum of negative voltages, exponential fitting) that capture different AIP signatures in the transients. Experiments include half spaces, 2 and 3 layer models, combined with different waveforms, Rx types (dB/dt and B), Tx-Rx geometries, flying heights, transients’ binning, base frequencies. The results, presented as 4D hyperspaces, each with 104transients obtained from the combinations of 4 x 10 different Cole-Cole parameters, allow a clear assessment of the AIP effects over a wide range of geophysical situations. Some of the main observations are: AIP effects are increased most often by the presence of a resistive bedrock, often using slow turn-off of the waveform, are generally better observed recording the B field instead of its derivative, and in any most cases lowering base frequencies to 12.5 Hz. In general, they are more pervasive than previously thought and should be carefully considered in virtually any AEM survey. If present, they can often be sensitive to model parameters down to depth.

Published
2018
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30. Inverse modelling of European CH4 emissions during 2006–2012 using different inverse models and reassessed atmospheric observations

Author

Simon O'Doherty, Ove Hermansen, Nina N. Paramonova, Ute Karstens, László Haszpra, Jaroslaw Necki, Marielle Saunois, Frank Meinhardt, Jost V. Lavric, Peter Bergamaschi, Aki Tsuruta, Michel Ramonet, M. Lopez, Tuula Aalto, Edward J. Dlugokencky, Christoph Gerbig, Greet Janssens-Maenhout, Michal Galkowski, Giovanni Manca, H. A. Scheeren, Alistair J. Manning, Tim Arnold, Antoine Berchet, Huilin Chen, Ingeborg Levin, Martin Steinbacher, Dietrich G. Feist, Martina Schmidt, Alex Vermeulen, Samuel Hammer, and John Moncrieff

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, geography, Peat, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Inversion (meteorology), Wetland, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Carbon cycle, Troposphere, Boundary layer, 13. Climate action, Climatology, Soil water, Environmental science, Maxima, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

We present inverse modelling (top down) estimates of European methane (CH4) emissions for 2006–2012 based on a new quality-controlled and harmonised in situ data set from 18 European atmospheric monitoring stations. We applied an ensemble of seven inverse models and performed four inversion experiments, investigating the impact of different sets of stations and the use of a priori information on emissions. The inverse models infer total CH4 emissions of 26.8 (20.2–29.7) Tg CH4 yr−1 (mean, 10th and 90th percentiles from all inversions) for the EU-28 for 2006–2012 from the four inversion experiments. For comparison, total anthropogenic CH4 emissions reported to UNFCCC (bottom up, based on statistical data and emissions factors) amount to only 21.3 Tg CH4 yr−1 (2006) to 18.8 Tg CH4 yr−1 (2012). A potential explanation for the higher range of top-down estimates compared to bottom-up inventories could be the contribution from natural sources, such as peatlands, wetlands, and wet soils. Based on seven different wetland inventories from the Wetland and Wetland CH4 Inter-comparison of Models Project (WETCHIMP), total wetland emissions of 4.3 (2.3–8.2) Tg CH4 yr−1 from the EU-28 are estimated. The hypothesis of significant natural emissions is supported by the finding that several inverse models yield significant seasonal cycles of derived CH4 emissions with maxima in summer, while anthropogenic CH4 emissions are assumed to have much lower seasonal variability. Taking into account the wetland emissions from the WETCHIMP ensemble, the top-down estimates are broadly consistent with the sum of anthropogenic and natural bottom-up inventories. However, the contribution of natural sources and their regional distribution remain rather uncertain. Furthermore, we investigate potential biases in the inverse models by comparison with regular aircraft profiles at four European sites and with vertical profiles obtained during the Infrastructure for Measurement of the European Carbon Cycle (IMECC) aircraft campaign. We present a novel approach to estimate the biases in the derived emissions, based on the comparison of simulated and measured enhancements of CH4 compared to the background, integrated over the entire boundary layer and over the lower troposphere. The estimated average regional biases range between −40 and 20 % at the aircraft profile sites in France, Hungary and Poland.

Published
2018
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31. Drivers and responses of ecosystem processes at the Collelongo beech forest: main results and lessons learned over 30 years of research and monitoring in a period of changes

Author

Andrea Scartazza, Negar Rezaei, Giovanni Manca, Giuseppe Scarascia Mugnozza, Gabriele Guidolotti, Riccardo Valentini, Bruno De Cinti, Ettore D'Andrea, Francesco Mazzenga, Olga Gavrichkova, Alessio Collalti, and Giorgio Matteucci

Subjects
Water Cycling, biology, Forestry, Collelongo forest, Net Primary Production, biology.organism_classification, Geography, Phenology, Period (geology), Ecosystem, Beech, Net Ecosystem Exchange, Carbon Allocation, Nutrient
Abstract

The long-term research and monitoring site of Collelongo - Selva Piana has been established in 1991 (Abruzzo Region, Central Italy, 1560 m elevation) in the framework of a project on ecology and silviculture of European beech. In 1993, the site was the first forest in Europe where canopy fluxes started to be measured with the eddy covariance technique. Since then, the site has been involved in several of the most important networks and projects, including ICP Forests, Euroflux, CarboEurope-IP, FluxNet and, in 2006, joined the Long Term Ecological Research network (LTER).Measurements at the Collelongo site bridge two centuries, starting right at the end of the WMO and IPCC climate reference period (1961-1990) and extending, in continuous, over a period of great changes (the three warmest ever decades occurred since then), including a number of extreme events (heat waves, droughts, late frost). During these thirty years, more than 50 researchers from different parts of the world performed direct measurements at the site, flux datasets from the site (code IT-Col) had more than 1500 unique downloads and it is estimated that more than 300 people used the data for producing more than 150 ISI papers.We will briefly present the main results on different ecosystem processes (Phenology, Net Primary Production, Carbon Allocation, Net Ecosystem Exchange, Nutrient and Water Cycling) emphasizing responses to drivers, including legacies from the past. Over these thirty years, the growing season length increased significantly (1.33 day yr-1 from 2000 to 2015), the studied beech forests absorbed between 120 and 150 tC ha-1 and showing plasticity and resilience to changing climatic conditions. However, increasing warming, drought and extreme events may impair adaptation capacity. In this respect, modelling offers a tool to evaluate long-term responses, including possible management options to increase both adaptation and resilience capacities.

Published
2020

32. Spring enhancement and summer reduction in carbon uptake during the 2018 drought in northwestern Europe

Author

Gerbrand Koren, Ingrid T. Luijkx, Auke M. van der Woude, Giovanni Manca, Erik van Schaik, Christian Brümmer, Michel Ramonet, Niko Wanders, Lukas Siebicke, Katherine D. Haynes, Ian Baker, Irène Xueref-Remy, Naomi E. Smith, Wouter Peters, Linda M. J. Kooijmans, Meteorology and Air Quality, Wageningen University and Research, Centre for Isotope Research, University of Groningen, Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Geosciences, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ICOS-RAMCES (ICOS-RAMCES), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Göttingen, Bioclimatology, European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Thünen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, Department of Atmospheric Science [Fort Collins], Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), OCW/NWO for ICOS-NL through the Ruisdael project, Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) under contract no. 016.Veni.171.095, European Project: 649087,H2020,ERC-2014-CoG,ASICA(2015), European Project: 1439461(2014), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, and Isotope Research

Subjects
Biosphere model, Meteorologie en Luchtkwaliteit, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Meteorology and Air Quality, Climate Change, drought, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Carbon Cycle, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, remote sensing, Ecosystem, Precipitation, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Water content, data assimilation, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, 0303 health sciences, WIMEK, Biosphere, Articles, Carbon Dioxide, 15. Life on land, European carbon balance, Carbon, Droughts, Europe, chemistry, Productivity (ecology), 13. Climate action, Carbon dioxide, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, CO2, Seasons, Ecosystem respiration, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Research Article
Abstract

We analysed gross primary productivity (GPP), total ecosystem respiration (TER) and the resulting net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of carbon dioxide (CO2) by the terrestrial biosphere during the summer of 2018 through observed changes across the Integrated Carbon Observation System (ICOS) network, through biosphere and inverse modelling, and through remote sensing. Highly correlated yet independently-derived reductions in productivity from sun-induced fluorescence, vegetative near-infrared reflectance, and GPP simulated by the Simple Biosphere model version 4 (SiB4) suggest a 130–340 TgC GPP reduction in July–August–September (JAS) of 2018. This occurs over an area of 1.6 × 106km2with anomalously low precipitation in northwestern and central Europe. In this drought-affected area, reduced GPP, TER, NEE and soil moisture at ICOS ecosystem sites are reproduced satisfactorily by the SiB4 model. We found that, in contrast to the preceding 5 years, low soil moisture is the main stress factor across the affected area. SiB4’s NEE reduction by 57 TgC for JAS coincides with anomalously high atmospheric CO2observations in 2018, and this is closely matched by the NEE anomaly derived by CarbonTracker Europe (52 to 83 TgC). Increased NEE during the spring (May–June) of 2018 (SiB4 −52 TgC; CTE −46 to −55 TgC) largely offset this loss, as ecosystems took advantage of favourable growth conditions.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Impacts of the 2018 severe drought and heatwave in Europe: from site to continental scale’.

Published
2020
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40. Altered energy partitioning across terrestrial ecosystems in the European drought year 2018

Author

Christian Brümmer, Bart Kruijt, Arne Poyda, Bert Gielen, Giovanni Manca, Marilyn Roland, Janina Klatt, Michal Heliasz, Jan Holst, Caroline Vincke, Corinna Rebmann, Meelis Mölder, Natalia Kowalska, Nadia Vendrame, Jinshu Chi, Nina Buchmann, Andreas Ibrom, Jiří Dušek, Stephan Weber, Lenka Foltýnová, Tarek S. El-Madany, Ladislav Šigut, Joachim Ingwersen, Alexander Graf, Mika Korkiakoski, Franziska Koebsch, Frédéric Bornet, Anne De Ligne, Denis Loustau, Eugénie Paul-Limoges, Mats Nilsson, Christophe Chipeaux, Eeva-Stiina Tuittila, Christian Wille, Torsten Sachs, Pascal Kremer, Shiva Ghiasi, Matthias Peichl, Gerald Jurasinski, Harry Vereecken, Matthias Mauder, Mana Gharun, Patrizia Ney, Thomas Grünwald, Hans-Dieter Wizemann, Pia Gottschalk, Marius Schmidt, Vincenzo Magliulo, Edoardo Cremonese, Joël Léonard, Ivan Mammarella, Anne Klosterhalfen, Mirco Migliavacca, Nicola Arriga, Silvano Fares, Milan Fischer, Matthias Cuntz, Andrej Varlagin, Alexander Knohl, Christian Bernhofer, Bernard Longdoz, Ingo Völksch, Frederik Schrader, Günther Heinemann, Sébastien Lafont, Nicolas Brüggemann, Heye Bogena, Bernard Heinesch, Jan Konopka, Matthias Zeeman, Johan Neirynck, Andrea Pitacco, Lukas Siebicke, Lukas Hörtnagl, SILVA (SILVA), AgroParisTech-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), French National Research Agency (ANR)ANR-11-LABX-0002-01ANR-16-SUMF-0001-01Alexander von Humbold Stiftung (MaNiP) Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF)01LN1313AGerman Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture BMEL (ERA-NET FACCE ERAGAS) German Research Foundation (DFG)BE1721/23PAK 346FOR 1695INST 186/1118-1 FUGGGIP Ecofor SOERE F-ORE-T Finnish Center of Excellence 307331FWOG0H3317NHelmholtz Association HGF (TERENO) VH-NG-821Hainich National Park Horizon 2020 696356ICOS-FINLAND 281255Kempe Foundation SMK-1743Knut & Alice Wallenberg Foundation2015.0047Max-Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR)19-0401234-aSwiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)ICOS-CH Phase 2 20FI20_173691InnoFarm 407340_172433European Commission (SUPER-G) European Commission (RINGO) European Commission (ERA-NET Sumforest) 606803Service Public de Wallonie (DGO6) 1217769SustES CZ. 02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000797CzeCOS LM2015061Swedish Research CouncilSwedish Research Council Formas201601289942-2015-49University of Padua CDPA148553, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, ∗Agrosphere (IBG-3), Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences [Jülich] (IBG), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp (UA), Institute of Hydrology and Meteorology [Dresden], Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), Agrosphere, IBG-3, Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro (Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro), Université d'Artois (UA)-Université de Liège-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Thünen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, Department of Environmental Systems Science [ETH Zürich] (D-USYS), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF)01LN1313AGerman Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture BMEL (ERA-NET FACCE ERAGAS) German Research Foundation (DFG)BE1721/23PAK 346FOR 1695INST 186/1118-1 FUGGGIP Ecofor SOERE F-ORE-T Finnish Center of Excellence 307331FWOG0H3317NHelmholtz Association HGF (TERENO) VH-NG-821Hainich National Park Horizon 2020 696356ICOS-FINLAND 281255Kempe Foundation SMK-1743Knut & Alice Wallenberg Foundation2015.0047Max-Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR)19-0401234-aSwiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)ICOS-CH Phase 2 20FI20_173691InnoFarm 407340_172433European Commission (SUPER-G) European Commission (RINGO) European Commission (ERA-NET Sumforest) 606803Service Public de Wallonie (DGO6) 1217769SustES CZ. 02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000797CzeCOS LM2015061Swedish Research CouncilSwedish Research Council Formas201601289942-2015-49University of Padua CDPA148553, ANR-16-SUMF-0001,ForRISK,Forest density reduction to minimize the vulnerability of Norway spruce and silver fir to extreme drought – a risk assessment(2016), ANR-11-LABX-0002,ARBRE,Recherches Avancées sur l'Arbre et les Ecosytèmes Forestiers(2011), Ludwig-Maximilians University [Munich] (LMU), Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro - UMR 1158 (BioEcoAgro), Université d'Artois (UA)-Université de Liège-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-JUNIA (JUNIA), and Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL)

Subjects
Peat, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Forests, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Evapotranspiration, water-use efficiency, SDG 15 - Life on Land, Environmental Sciences (social aspects to be 507), Articles, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Grassland, Droughts, Europe, Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, eddy-covariance, Terrestrial ecosystem, SDG 6 - Clean Water and Sanitation, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Farms, net carbon uptake, Climate Change, evapotranspiration, Eddy covariance, heat flux, Sensible heat, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, ddc:570, Latent heat, eddy covariance, energy balance, Water-use efficiency, Biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, WIMEK, Atmosphere, Global warming, 15. Life on land, 13. Climate action, Wetlands, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Water Systems and Global Change, Human medicine
Abstract

Drought and heat events, such as the 2018 European drought, interact with the exchange of energy between the land surface and the atmosphere, potentially affecting albedo, sensible and latent heat fluxes, as well as CO 2 exchange. Each of these quantities may aggravate or mitigate the drought, heat, their side effects on productivity, water scarcity and global warming. We used measurements of 56 eddy covariance sites across Europe to examine the response of fluxes to extreme drought prevailing most of the year 2018 and how the response differed across various ecosystem types (forests, grasslands, croplands and peatlands). Each component of the surface radiation and energy balance observed in 2018 was compared to available data per site during a reference period 2004–2017. Based on anomalies in precipitation and reference evapotranspiration, we classified 46 sites as drought affected. These received on average 9% more solar radiation and released 32% more sensible heat to the atmosphere compared to the mean of the reference period. In general, drought decreased net CO 2 uptake by 17.8%, but did not significantly change net evapotranspiration. The response of these fluxes differed characteristically between ecosystems; in particular, the general increase in the evaporative index was strongest in peatlands and weakest in croplands. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Impacts of the 2018 severe drought and heatwave in Europe: from site to continental scale’.

Published
2020
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41. Net ecosystem carbon balance of an apple orchard

Author

Giovanni Manca, Leonardo Montagnani, Francesca Scandellari, Damiano Zanotelli, and Massimo Tagliavini

Subjects
Agronomy, Vegetative reproduction, Eddy covariance, Soil Science, Environmental science, Ecosystem, Plant Science, Orchard, Plant litter, Ecosystem respiration, Herbaceous plant, Agronomy and Crop Science, Fruit tree
Abstract

Fruit tree ecosystems represent an important land use type in Southern Europe. Nevertheless, limited information and large uncertainty currently exist about their potential role as a sink of atmospheric CO2, which is measured through an index that accounts for all inputs and outputs of C, namely the net ecosystem carbon balance (NECB). In this paper, we studied the fluxes of C assimilation, the C release and the lateral C and their contribution to the NECB in an apple orchard at different time scales. Data of net ecosystem productivity (NEP) were recorded by eddy covariance and converted into ecosystem respiration and gross primary productivity (GPP). The net primary productivity (NPP) and the C partitioning among tree organs were also biometrically assessed. The study was carried out in the period 2009–2012 in a commercial apple orchard located in an intensive fruit production district of South Tyrol, Italy. We found a positive NEP from March to October and yearly NEP values of 403 g C m−2. GPP (1346 g C m−2 year−1 on average) was highest between May and September, when leaves intercepted the highest amount of PPFD. Tree growth accounted for more than 90% of the total new biomass produced in the orchard, the remaining part being represented by the herbaceous vegetation covering the orchard floor. Trees allocated to fruits approximately half of the yearly NPP, while they increased only to a limited extent their standing biomass. A significant fraction of NPP was also allocated to organs (leaves, pruned woody organs, etc.,) that feed the detritus cycle. The NECB was on average positive (69 g C m−2) but showed high variation among years, and in the year when fruit yields was very high (74 t fruits/ha), the NECB was even negative. NECB was accounted to a greater extent by the yearly increase of tree woody organs and to a minor extent by the C transfer to the soil from the decomposing litter. The most relevant agronomical suggestion of this study is that tree vegetative growth resulting into either increasing standing biomass and/or increasing tree litter should not be reduced if we aim at maintaining the CO2 sink capacity of the apple orchard.

Published
2015
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42. Annual Congress of the Chinese Blood Purification Center Administration Committee. September 25-28, 2014, Guangzhou: Abstracts

Author

Giovanni Grazi, Jicheng Zhang, Sampson Antwi, Jonathan M. Rubin, Leonardo C Ribeiro, Hanjie Zhang, Jing Gao, Gioacchino Li Cavoli, Susana Roca, Rainer Himmele, M. Ted Ferris, Paolo Armignacco, Alberto Rosati, Anna Meyring-Wösten, William J. Federspiel, Nefroint investigators, Fansan Zhu, Corinne E. Zeller-Knuth, Jose A. Diaz-Buxo, Gianluca Villa, April Bowman, Laura Bucalo, Grant H. Kruger, Marianne Wilhelmi, Daniel Muñoz-Aguayo, Sarah Cohen, Alberto A.E. Bertelli, Kristi Bickford, Aldo Casani, Mar Orzáez, Ekou Niamien, Emma Arcos, Jeremy D. Kimmel, Rafael de la Torre, Carmela Zagarrigo, Florence Desrosiers, Beatriz Santamaría, A. Mary Vilay, Michael J. Germain, María Ángeles García, Michael Heung, Jwa-Kyung Kim, Rinaldo Bellomo, Giovanni Manca Rizza, Karina Javalkar, Isaac Teitelbaum, Onofrio Schillaci, J. Michael Yardman-Frank, Juan Jesus Carrero, Laurence Adonis-Koffy, Gérard Abel, Len A. Usvyat, M. Valles, Marina Abramyan, Renhua Lu, Jordi Calabia, William F. Weitzel, Massimo Antonelli, Elizabeth A. Hughson, A. Phillips, John A. Kellum, Kyu Hun Choi, Khaled Abdel-Kader, Oleh Akchurin, Aileen Grassman, Pessa Albert Coulibaly, Jose J. Zaragoza, Alexandra Ternier, Jessica Cuttance, Krotenko Np, Michael J. Somers, Matteo Ruggeri, Alberto Ortiz, Claudio Ronco, Craig S. Wong, Ludimila Guedim de Campos, Maggie Han, María J. Vicent, Manuel Molina Nuñez, Frederick J. Kaskel, Angel Celdrán, Francesco Garzotto, Panduranga Rao, Roberto Bigazzi, Paul Zabetakis, Corrado Bellini, Druckerei Stückle, Mattia Palmeri, Alvaro C. Ucero, Cristina Jimeno, Aashish Sharma, Audie Métayer, Isabel Villegas, Sabrina Paoletti, Sarbjit V. Jassal, Donald Maberry, Stanley Fan, Massimiliano Migliori, Xiaoqi Xu, Maribel Covas, Jean Baptiste Yaokreh, Jacob Volpe, Peter Kotanko, Morton Satin, Maria E. Ferris, Popov Da, Marina Plyushch, Morgan Lam, Mathias Schaller, Keisha L. Gibson, Alberto Benito-Martin, Melissa Mendoza, Michail Yaroustovsky, Dalia Yousif, Anna Lorenzin, Keisha Gibson, Vincenzo Panichi, Sung Kyu Ha, Adriana Di Giorgio, Jordi Comas, Marco Sartori, Tancredi Vincenzo Li Cavoli, Hyeong Cheon Park, Karin True, Judith Exantus, Jean-Hénold Buteau, Sung Jin Moon, Gnenefoly Diarrassouba, Dorey A. Glenn, Sanah Parvez, Mark Unruh, Rasha Hussein, Mikhail Artemyev, Viviane Calice-Silva, Jung Eun Lee, Zhiyong Peng, Ugo Rotolo, Isa F. Ashoor, Montserrat Fitó, Alan Vollmer, María Soledad Ros, Hans Oberleithner, Alessandro Sgambato, Renee-Claude Mercier, James A. Hamilton, Nathan W. Levin, Alessia Scatena, Mauro Neri, Paul Balter, Gero von Gersdorff, Kenneth R. Wilund, Ekaterina Rogalskaya, Soo Young Yoon, Elizabeth Ley Oei, Joseph L. Bull, Roberto Pecoits-Filho, Danielle Marcelli, Paul K. Whelton, Franca Servillo, Michael Etter, Rosa de Alarcón, Xianglong Wang, Shin Wook Kang, Rafael Selgas, Gracia Álvarez, Mi Kyung Song, Kerry Anne Rambaran, and Marta Ruiz-Ortega

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Nephrology, business.industry, Emergency medicine, medicine, Blood purification, Center (algebra and category theory), Hematology, General Medicine, business, Administration (government)
Published
2015
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43. Inverse modelling of European CH4 emissions during 2006–2012 using different inverse models and reassessed atmospheric observations

Author

Peter Bergamaschi, Ute Karstens, Alistair J. Manning, Marielle Saunois, Aki Tsuruta, Antoine Berchet, Alexander T. Vermeulen, Tim Arnold, Greet Janssens-Maenhout, Samuel Hammer, Ingeborg Levin, Martina Schmidt ‎, Michel Ramonet, Morgan Lopez, Jost Lavric, Tuula Aalto, Huilin Chen, Dietrich G. Feist, Christoph Gerbig, László Haszpra, Ove Hermansen, Giovanni Manca, John Moncrieff, Frank Meinhardt, Jaroslaw Necki, Michal Galkowski, Simon O'Doherty, Nina Paramonova, Hubertus A. Scheeren, Martin Steinbacher, and Ed Dlugokencky

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 13. Climate action, 010501 environmental sciences, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

We present inverse modelling (top-down) estimates of European methane (CH4) emissions for 2006–2012 based on a new quality-controlled and harmonized in-situ data set from 18 European atmospheric monitoring stations. We applied an ensemble of seven inverse models and performed four inversion experiments, investigating the impact of different sets of stations and the use of a priori information on emissions. The inverse models infer total CH4 emissions of 26.7 (20.2–29.7) Tg CH4 yr−1 (mean, 10th and 90th percentiles from all inversions) for the EU-28 for 2006–2012 from the four inversion experiments. For comparison, total anthropogenic CH4 emissions reported to UNFCCC (bottom-up, based on statistical data and emissions factors) amount to only 21.3 Tg CH4 yr−1 (2006) to 18.8 Tg CH4 yr−1 (2012). A potential explanation for the higher range of top-down estimates compared to bottom-up inventories could be the contribution from natural sources, such as peatlands, wetlands, and wet soils. Based on seven different wetland inventories from the Wetland and Wetland CH4 Inter-comparison of Models Project (WETCHIMP) total wetland emissions of 4.3 (2.3–8.2) CH4 yr−1 from EU-28 are estimated. The hypothesis of significant natural emissions is supported by the finding that several inverse models yield significant seasonal cycles of derived CH4 emissions with maxima in summer, while anthropogenic CH4 emissions are assumed to have much lower seasonal variability. Furthermore, we investigate potential biases in the inverse models by comparison with regular aircraft profiles at four European sites and with vertical profiles obtained during the Infrastructure for Measurement of the European Carbon Cycle (IMECC) aircraft campaign. We present a novel approach to estimate the biases in the derived emissions, based on the comparison of simulated and measured enhancements of CH4 compared to the background, integrated over the entire boundary layer and over the lower troposphere. This analysis identifies regional biases for several models at the aircraft profile sites in France, Hungary and Poland.

Published
2017
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44. Supplementary material to 'Inverse modelling of European CH4 emissions during 2006–2012 using different inverse models and reassessed atmospheric observations'

Author

Peter Bergamaschi, Ute Karstens, Alistair J. Manning, Marielle Saunois, Aki Tsuruta, Antoine Berchet, Alexander T. Vermeulen, Tim Arnold, Greet Janssens-Maenhout, Samuel Hammer, Ingeborg Levin, Martina Schmidt ‎, Michel Ramonet, Morgan Lopez, Jost Lavric, Tuula Aalto, Huilin Chen, Dietrich G. Feist, Christoph Gerbig, László Haszpra, Ove Hermansen, Giovanni Manca, John Moncrieff, Frank Meinhardt, Jaroslaw Necki, Michal Galkowski, Simon O'Doherty, Nina Paramonova, Hubertus A. Scheeren, Martin Steinbacher, and Ed Dlugokencky

Published
2017
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45. Net primary productivity, allocation pattern and carbon use efficiency in an apple orchard assessed by integrating eddy covariance, biometric and continuous soil chamber measurements

Author

Giovanni Manca, Damiano Zanotelli, Leonardo Montagnani, and Massimo Tagliavini

Subjects
Biomass (ecology), Detritus, Ecology, lcsh:QE1-996.5, Eddy covariance, lcsh:Life, Primary production, Atmospheric sciences, Soil respiration, lcsh:Geology, lcsh:QH501-531, lcsh:QH540-549.5, Litter, Environmental science, Ecosystem, lcsh:Ecology, Orchard, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract

Carbon use efficiency (CUE), the ratio of net primary production (NPP) over gross primary production (GPP), is a functional parameter that could possibly link the current increasingly accurate global GPP estimates with those of net ecosystem exchange, for which global predictors are still unavailable. Nevertheless, CUE estimates are actually available for only a few ecosystem types, while information regarding agro-ecosystems is scarce, in spite of the simplified spatial structure of these ecosystems that facilitates studies on allocation patterns and temporal growth dynamics. We combined three largely deployed methods, eddy covariance, soil respiration and biometric measurements, to assess monthly values of CUE, NPP and allocation patterns in different plant organs in an apple orchard during a complete year (2010). We applied a measurement protocol optimized for quantifying monthly values of carbon fluxes in this ecosystem type, which allows for a cross check between estimates obtained from different methods. We also attributed NPP components to standing biomass increments, detritus cycle feeding and lateral exports. We found that in the apple orchard, both net ecosystem production and gross primary production on a yearly basis, 380 ± 30 g C m−2 and 1263 ± 189 g C m−2 respectively, were of a magnitude comparable to those of natural forests growing in similar climate conditions. The largest differences with respect to forests are in the allocation pattern and in the fate of produced biomass. The carbon sequestered from the atmosphere was largely allocated to production of fruit: 49% of annual NPP was taken away from the ecosystem through apple production. Organic material (leaves, fine root litter, pruned wood and early fruit falls) contributing to the detritus cycle was 46% of the NPP. Only 5% was attributable to standing biomass increment, while this NPP component is generally the largest in forests. The CUE, with an annual average of 0.71 ± 0.12, was higher than the previously suggested constant values of 0.47–0.50. Low nitrogen investment in fruit, the limited root apparatus, and the optimal growth temperature and nutritional condition observed at the site are suggested to be explanatory variables for the high CUE observed.

Published
2013

46. Using digital repeat photography and eddy covariance data to model grassland phenology and photosynthetic CO2 uptake

Author

Alessandro Cescatti, Fabrizio Diotri, Marta Galvagno, Giovanni Manca, Umberto Morra di Cella, Roberto Colombo, Consolata Siniscalco, Oliver Sonnentag, Micol Rossini, Sergio Cogliati, Mirco Migliavacca, Edoardo Cremonese, Lorenzo Busetto, Michele Meroni, Francesco Fava, Emiliano Pari, Andrew D. Richardson, Migliavacca, M, Galvagno, M, Cremonese, E, Rossini, M, Meroni, M, Sonnentag, O, Cogliati, S, Manca, G, Diotri, F, Busetto, L, Cescatti, A, Colombo, R, Fava, F, Morra di Cella, U, Pari, E, Siniscalcoh, C, and Richardsone, A

Subjects
Canopy, Digital repeat photography, Phenology, Growing Season Index, Color indices, Gross primary production, Subalpine grasslands, Atmospheric Science, Global and Planetary Change, Biomass (ecology), Eddy covariance, Primary production, Forestry, Vegetation, Photochemical Reflectance Index, Digital repeat photography, Phenology, Growing Season Index, Color indices, Gross primary production, Subalpine grasslands, GEO/10 - GEOFISICA DELLA TERRA SOLIDA, Leaf area index, Agronomy and Crop Science, Remote sensing
Abstract

The continuous and automated monitoring of canopy phenology is of increasing scientific interest for the multiple implications of vegetation dynamics on ecosystem carbon and energy fluxes. For this purpose we evaluated the applicability of digital camera imagery for monitoring and modeling phenology and physiology of a subalpine grassland over the 2009 and 2010 growing seasons. We tested the relationships between color indices (i.e. the algebraic combinations of RGB brightness levels) tracking canopy greenness extracted from repeated digital images against field measurements of green and total biomass, leaf area index (LAI), greenness visual estimation, vegetation indices computed from continuous spectroradiometric measurements and CO2 fluxes observed with the eddy covariance technique. A strong relationship was found between canopy greenness and (i) structural parameters (i.e., LAI) and (ii) canopy photosynthesis (i.e. Gross Primary Production; GPP). Color indices were also well correlated with vegetation indices typically used for monitoring landscape phenology from satellite, suggesting that digital repeat photography provides high-quality ground data for evaluation of satellite phenology products. We demonstrate that by using canopy greenness we can refine phenological models (Growing Season Index, GSI) by describing canopy development and considering the role of ecological factors (e.g., snow, temperature and photoperiod) controlling grassland phenology. Moreover, we show that canopy greenness combined with radiation use efficiency (RUE) obtained from spectral indices related to photochemistry (i.e., scaled Photochemical Reflectance Index) or meteorology (i.e., MOD17 RUE) can be used to predict daily GPP. Building on previous work that has demonstrated that seasonal variation in the structure and function of plant canopies can be quantified using digital camera imagery, we have highlighted the potential use of these data for the development and parameterization of phenological and RUE models, and thus point toward an extension of the proposed methodologies to the dataset collected within PhenoCam Network., JRC.H.2-Climate change and air quality

Published
2011
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47. High resolution field spectroscopy measurements for estimating gross ecosystem production in a rice field

Author

Alessandro Cescatti, Micol Rossini, Guenther Seufert, Michele Meroni, Valentina Picchi, Sergio Cogliati, Giovanni Manca, Roberto Colombo, Lorenzo Busetto, Mirco Migliavacca, Rossini, M, Meroni, M, Migliavacca, M, Manca, G, Cogliati, S, Busetto, L, Picchi, V, Cescatti, A, Seufert, G, and Colombo, R

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, Global and Planetary Change, Eddy covariance, Hyperspectral imaging, Forestry, Vegetation, Photochemical Reflectance Index, GEP, AGR/14 - PEDOLOGIA, Field spectroscopy, Photosynthetically active radiation, Radiance, Environmental science, LUE model, Passive fluorescence, PRI, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), Agronomy and Crop Science, Chlorophyll fluorescence, Remote sensing
Abstract

This study investigates the possibility of monitoring carbon fixation of a terrestrial ecosystem from high spectral resolution field spectroscopy measurements. Canopy radiance spectra were collected under clear sky conditions using high resolution spectrometers which made it possible to estimate sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence at the oxygen absorption band O2-A located at 760nm (F760) as well as spectral vegetation indices. Spectral observations were collected in a rice field monitored with an eddy covariance (EC) flux tower measuring the net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of the crop.Estimation of gross ecosystem productivity (GEP) from remotely sensed data was based on the widely used light-use efficiency model (LUE), which states that carbon uptake is a function of the photosynthetically active radiation absorbed by vegetation (APAR) and light-use efficiency (e{open}) which represents the conversion efficiency of energy to fixed carbon.Hyperspectral data were used to derive both the APAR and the e{open} term. Different versions of the LUE model were formalized and tested with EC fluxes during two growing seasons. We started using a LUE model in which e{open} is held constant and remote sensing data are used to estimate APAR. We then investigated the improvements in GEP modelling provided by the partitioning between photosynthetic (PV) and non-photosynthetic (NPV) components of vegetation in APAR estimation, holding e{open} constant. The use of spectral indices related to APARPV instead of APAR resulted in an improvement in midday GEP estimation of about 50% with respect to the basic LUE model, average root mean square error in cross-validation (RMSEcv) of the model class from 9.69 to 4.49μmol CO2m-2s-1. Afterwards, we tested the use of the apparent fluorescence yield (Fy*760) and the scaled Photochemical Reflectance Index (sPRI) to derive e{open}. Modelling e{open} further improved the estimation of GEP up to an RMSEcv of 3.81μmol CO2m-2s-1 using Fy*760 and the MERIS terrestrial chlorophyll index (MTCI) and 3.67μmol CO2m-2s-1 using sPRI and F760 to estimate e{open} and APARPV, respectively. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.

Published
2010
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48. Assessing the method-specific differences in quantification of CO2 advection at three forest sites during the ADVEX campaign

Author

Giovanni Manca, Leonardo Montagnani, Emilia Georgieva, and Elisa Canepa

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, Global and Planetary Change, Daytime, Meteorology, Advection, Forestry, Common method, Advective flow, Atmospheric sciences, Standard deviation, Environmental science, Agronomy and Crop Science, Conservation of mass, Interpolation
Abstract

The new method for CO2 advective flux computation, based on the air mass-conservation principle, MCA ( Montagnani et al., 2009 ) is applied to datasets collected at the three forest sites of Renon, Wetzstein and Norunda during the ADVEX campaign. Values of advective flux, calculated for 1 month at each site, are compared to those obtained using the more common method which computes the advective fluxes along vertical and horizontal CO2 gradients, GA ( Feigenwinter et al., 2008 ). According to both methods, night-time CO2 advection values were found to be positive at the sloping sites of Renon (MCA, 8.88 μmol m−2 s−1, GA, 14.30 μmol m−2 s−1) and Wetzstein (MCA, 2.82 μmol m−2 s−1, GA, 3.07 μmol m−2 s−1) and negative at the flat site of Norunda (MCA, −3.00 μmol m−2 s−1, GA, −8.12, μmol m−2 s−1), where the occurrence of extremely high negative advection values was calculated at night according to both methods. Daytime advection was found to be generally small and negative at all sites following both methods, while standard deviations were found to be generally higher according to the GA method. Half-hourly calculated values were found to be similar during some periods, while in others, characterized by specific wind conditions, substantial differences were present. The coefficient of correlation (r2) between the two estimates was 0.15 for Renon, 0.55 for Wetzstein and 0.45 for Norunda. Three methodological aspects were considered to identify the reasons for the observed differences in CO2 advections estimates: the correction factor used to attain mass conservation, the air incompressibility assumption and the vertical interpolation of wind velocities were found all to be scarcely correlated to observed differences. These results indicate that general information concerning sign and daily courses of CO2 advection estimates can already be taken from direct measurements, but there are still unresolved theoretical and computational issues affecting their quantitative reliability.

Published
2010
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49. Seasonal and interannual patterns of carbon and water fluxes of a poplar plantation under peculiar eco-climatic conditions

Author

Guenther Seufert, Giovanni Manca, Maurizio Teobaldelli, Mirco Migliavacca, Giorgio Matteucci, Roberto Colombo, Terenzio Zenone, Giacomo Grassi, Ignacio Goded, Leonardo Montagnani, Michele Meroni, Migliavacca, M, Meroni, M, Manca, G, Matteucci, G, Montagnani, L, Grassi, G, Zenone, T, Teobaldelli, M, Goded, I, Colombo, R, and Seufert, G

Subjects
Hydrology, Atmospheric Science, Global and Planetary Change, Poplar plantations, 2003 Heat-wave, Eddy covariance, Net ecosystem exchange, Biometeorology, Growing season, Primary production, Forestry, Atmospheric sciences, Canopy conductance, Soil respiration, GEO/10 - GEOFISICA DELLA TERRA SOLIDA, Evapotranspiration, Environmental science, Ecosystem respiration, Agronomy and Crop Science, Poplar plantation
Abstract

This paper reports 3 years of eddy covariance measurements (2002-2004) on a poplar plantation (Populus; x cancidensis Moench, Clone I-214) in Northern Italy. We analyzed seasonal and interannual variability of the net ecosystem exchange (NEE), gross primary production (GPP), ecosystem respiration (R(ECO)) and evapotranspiration (ET) in relation to different meteorological and environmental conditions experienced by the plantation and to natural disturbances. In particular, during 2003 climatic conditions were exceptionally severe, with the highest mean air temperatures and the lowest precipitations observed in the study area in the last 50 years. In addition, during the late summer of 2004, the plantation was attacked by fall webworm larvae (Hyphantria cunea). The cumulated NEE during the three growing season (April-September) was -752.8, -626.7 and -702.7 g C m(-2) for 2002, 2003 and 2004, respectively. In the period June-August 2003, NEE was 35% and 29% higher than the NEE measured in the same period in 2002 and 2004, respectively, resulting in a lower net carbon uptake. As R(ECO) did not show large differences over the three growing seasons, the reduction in net carbon sequestration of June-August 2003 is mainly explained by a reduction of GPP (-18% and -17% in 2002 and 2004, respectively). The cumulated ET over the three growing seasons was 388, 471, 484 kg H(2)O m(-2) for 2002, 2003 and 2004, respectively. This behaviour was due to the fact that the position of the water table remained close to the roots, therefore supplying enough water to the plantation, even during the driest period. The analysis of light curve parameters, their residuals and canopy conductance suggests that the reduction Of CO(2) uptake during summer 2003 was mainly controlled by stomatal and non-stomatal limitations due to high temperatures, directly and in particular indirectly (i.e. through D) rather than by soil water stress. In conclusion, our study shows that in the presence of a heat-wave, a significant reduction of net productivity during summer may occur even in the absence of marked soil water stress. In addition to this sensitivity to high temperatures, which will likely increase in the future, the effects of natural disturbances may add further uncertainties, thus suggesting caution in the evaluation of the potential carbon sequestration of these ecosystems. Crown Copyright (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Published
2009
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50. Evaluation of the boundary layer dynamics of the TM5 model

Author

Martina Schmidt, J. Moncrieff, Ute Karstens, H. A. Scheeren, Michel Ramonet, Rebecca Fisher, Sandip Pal, H. Klein Baltink, V. Kazan, Ingeborg Levin, Maarten Krol, Giovanni Manca, Arjo Segers, Peter Bergamaschi, Alex Vermeulen, E. N. Koffi, Harro A. J. Meijer, and David Lowry

Subjects
Boundary layer, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Blasius boundary layer, Dynamics (mechanics), Environmental science, Mechanics, 01 natural sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

We evaluate the capability of the global atmospheric transport model TM5 to reproduce observations of the boundary layer dynamics and the associated variability of trace gases close to the surface, using radon (222Rn), which is an excellent tracer for vertical mixing owing to its short lifetime (half-life) of 3.82 days. Focusing on the European scale, we compare the boundary layer height (BLH) in the TM5 model with observations from the NOAA Integrated Global Radiosonde Archive (IGRA) and in addition with ceilometer measurements at Cabauw (The Netherlands) and lidar BLH retrievals at Trainou (France). Furthermore, we compare TM5 simulations of 222Rn activity concentrations, using a novel, process-based 222Rn flux map over Europe (Karstens et al., 2015), with quasi-continuous 222Rn measurements from 10 European monitoring stations. The TM5 model reproduces relatively well the daytime BLH (within ~ 10–20 % for most of the stations), except for coastal sites, for which differences are usually larger due to model representation errors. During night, TM5 overestimates the shallow nocturnal BLHs, especially for the very low observed BLHs (< 100 m) during summer. The 222Rn activity concentration simulations based on the new 222Rn flux map show significant improvements especially regarding the average seasonal variability, compared to simulations using constant 222Rn fluxes. Nevertheless, the (relative) differences between simulated and observed daytime minimum 222Rn activity concentrations are larger for several stations (on the order of 50 %) compared to the (relative) differences between simulated and observed BLH at noon. Although the nocturnal BLH is often higher in the model than observed, simulated 222Rn nighttime maxima are larger at several continental stations, which points to potential deficiencies of TM5 to correctly simulate the vertical gradients within the nocturnal boundary layer, limitations of the 222Rn flux map, or issues related to the definition of the nocturnal BLH. At several stations the simulated decrease of 222Rn activity concentrations in the morning is faster than observed. In addition, simulated vertical 222Rn activity concentration gradients at Cabauw decrease faster than observations during the morning transition period, and are in general lower than observed gradients during daytime, which points to too fast vertical mixing in the TM5 boundary layer during daytime. Furthermore, the capability of the TM5 model to simulate the diurnal BLH cycle is limited due to the current coarse temporal resolution (3 hr/6 hr) of the TM5 input meteorology. Additionally, we analyze the impact of a new treatment of convection in TM5, based on the ECMWF reanalysis, leading to overall significantly lower (on the order of ~ 20 %) surface 222Rn activity concentrations during daytime compared to the current default convection scheme based on Tiedtke (1989). However, the performance of the model simulations compared to the 222Rn observations is very similar in terms of root mean square and correlation coefficient for both convection schemes.

Published
2016
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