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Objective : To describe the factors involved in the breastfeeding process of preterm infants hospitalized at a Neonatal Unit recorded in a “Baby diary” completed by the mother. Method : This is a descriptive, prospective and longitudinal study that uses a quantitative approach. The study was conducted between September 2010 and June 2011 with 38 mothers of preterm infants hospitalized at a Neonatal Unit. Results : There was prevalence of mothers aging between 20 and 34 years old and that have partners. These mothers had eight or more years of school education, family income betwen one and five mininum wages, and no previous experience in breastfeeding other children. The frequency of use of the diary was equal or greater than three times per week. The average daily breast pumpings was equal or greater than three and the duration of the breast pumping was between 16 and 30 minutes. The average expressed breast milk volume was equal or less than 100 mL per week. Conclusion : The success of breastfeeding of preterm infants at the Neonatal Unit depends on several associated factors and continues to be a challenge to mothers, healthcare professionals and families. However, strategies to promote registering on baby diraries seems to be adequate ir order to maintain breastfeeding and to guide interventions from nurses in the assistential practice.

Monitoring surveys of Phytophthora related diseases in four forest nurseries in Italy revealed the occurrence of fourteen Phytophthora species to be associated with collar and root rot on fourteen plants typical of Mediterranean and alpine regions. In addition, a multilocus phylogeny analysis based on nuclear ITS and ß-tubulin and mitochondrial cox1 sequences, as well as micromorphological features, supported the description of a new species belonging to the phylogenetic clade 7c, Phytophthora mediterranea sp. nov. Phytophthora mediterranea was shown to be associated with collar and root rot symptoms on myrtle seedlings. Phylogenetically, P. mediterranea is closely related to P. cinnamomi but the two species differ in 87 nucleotides in the three studied DNA regions. Morphologically P. mediterranea can be easily distinguished from P. cinnamomi on the basis of its smaller sporangia, colony growth pattern and higher optimum and maximum temperature values. Data from the pathogenicity test showed that P. mediterranea has the potential to threaten the native Mediterranean maquis vegetation. Finally, the discovery of P. cinnamomi in alpine nurseries, confirms the progressive expansion of this species towards cold environments, probably driven by climate change.

Field surveys conducted on nine farms over a 2-year period showed the widespread presence of Phytophthora-related diseases on globe artichoke plants in the main growing area in Sardinia (Italy). Characteristic symptoms included wilting and necrosis of the outermost leaves and dark brown discoloration of stem tissues, as well as root rot. A total of 18 Phytophthora colonies belonging to three species were isolated and characterized. Based on morphological features and ITS sequence data, Phytophthora isolates were identified as P. crassamura (eight isolates) and P. cactorum (four isolates). Six isolates could not be assigned to any formally described species of Phytophthora and are therefore described here as Phytophthora marrasii sp. nov. The ITS phylogeny places P. marrasii in a terminal clade basal to the sister taxa (P. foliorum, P. hibernalis, P. lateralis, and P. ramorum) of the clade 8c. In particular, P. marrasii is phylogenetically related to P. foliorum, a species from which it differs in 62 nucleotides in the ITS region. At the same time, it can easily be distinguished morphologically from P. foliorum mainly because of the low minimum temperature for growth, the bigger and persistent non-papillate sporangia, and smaller oogonia. Pathogenicity tests confirmed that all three Phytophthora species are pathogenic on globe artichokes, which represent a new host for these pathogens.

Introdução: O cuidado canguru, composto pelo contato pele a pele, promoção ao aleitamento materno e alta precoce, é prática que reduz a morbimortalidade em recém nascidos pré-termos, população suscetível à colonização por bactérias multirresistentes e infecções relacionadas à assistência à saúde. Propósito: O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar a associação do contato pele a pele com o processo de colonização do recém-nascido pré-termo por bactérias multirresistentes. Métodos: Estudo longitudinal prospectivo que incluiu binômios, mãe recém- nascido pré-termo, hospitalizados no período de agosto de 2018 a agosto de 2019 em um hospital público do sul do Brasil. Foi realizada a investigação de colonização por bactérias multirresistentes no binômio e avaliação de variáveis neonatais por meio de regressão logística de Poisson com variância robusta para obtenção de Razão de Prevalência (RP) e Intervalo de Confiança à 95% (IC95%). Resultados: A amostra foi composta por 114 recém-nascidos pré-termos. Destes, a incidência de colonização por bactérias multirresistentes foi de 44%. O tempo mediano para ocorrência de colonização do recém-nascido pré-termo por bactérias multirresistentes foi de 14 dias. O contato pele a pele precoce, iniciado nos primeiros sete dias de vida, reduziu pela metade a prevalência de colonização do recém-nascido pré-termo por bactérias multirresistentes comparado aos que fizeram o contato pele a pele tardio (RP: 1.67, IC95% 1.06- 1.39; p = .006). Implicações para a prática: O contato pele a pele, iniciado nos primeiros sete 34 dias de vida do recém-nascido pré-termo, reduziu a incidência de colonização 35 por bactérias multirresistentes. Introduction: Kangaroo care, consisting of skin-to-skin contact, promotion of breastfeeding and early discharge, is a practice that reduces morbidity and mortality in preterm babies, a population susceptible to colonization by multi-resistant bacteria and related to health care. Purpose: The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of skin- to-skin contact with the process of colonization of the preterm newborn by multidrug-resistant bacteria. Methods: Prospective longitudinal study that included binomials, preterm newborn mother, hospitalized from August 2018 to August 2019 in a public hospital in southern Brazil. The investigation of colonization by multidrug- resistant bacteria in the binomial and evaluation of neonatal variables using Poisson logistic regression with robust variance to obtain the Prevalence Ratio (PR) and 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI). Results: The sample consisted of 114 preterm newborns. Of these, the incidence of colonization by multi-resistant bacteria was 44%. The median time for the occurrence of colonization of the preterm newborn by multidrug-resistant bacteria was 14 days. Early skin-to-skin contact, initiated in the first seven days of life, halved the prevalence of colonization of the preterm newborn by multidrug- resistant bacteria compared to those who had late skin-to-skin contact (PR: 1.67, 95% CI 1.06 -1.39; p = .006). Implications for the practice: Skin-to-skin contact, initiated in the first seven days of life of the preterm newborn, reduced the incidence of colonization by multi-resistant bacteria.

Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos do picolé de gelo sobre as concentrações plasmáticas de vasopressina, osmolaridade, intensidade e desconforto da sede. Método: Pesquisa quase-experimental, pré e pós-teste, realizada em um laboratório de análises clínicas no Brasil. A amostra constituiu-se de nove voluntários saudáveis, do sexo masculino, entre 18 e 40 anos e sem comorbidades, que receberam solução salina hipertônica a 2% via endovenosa, por duas horas, para indução da sede. As variáveis dependentes foram vasopressina plasmática, osmolaridade sérica e urinária, intensidade e desconforto da sede, coletadas antes e após a infusão da solução. A variável de tratamento foi o picolé de gelo de 20 ml, ofertado ao voluntário por três vezes a cada 15 minutos. Resultados: A ingestão do picolé não resultou em queda estatisticamente significativa da vasopressina (F = 0,876 e p = 0,428). Entretanto, houve redução no perfil fisiológico hormonal da vasopressina de 7,1 pg/ml para 5,8 pg/ml após as duas intervenções. Isso corresponde a uma queda de aproximadamente 20% no perfil hormonal. A concentração da osmolaridade plasmática durante o procedimento alterou de 270,65 (osmolaridade basal inicial) para 286,51 mOsm/kg (osmolaridade final), porém sem diferença estatística (F = 2,207; p = 0,09). O picolé de gelo reduziu significativamente a intensidade (F=10,00 e P= 0,001) e desconforto da sede (F = 10,528; P < 0,001) entre os momentos após intervenção. Conclusão: Houve redução na intensidade e desconforto da sede após a utilização do picolé de gelo de 20ml. Não houve diferença estatística para vasopressina e osmolaridade entre os momentos. Entretanto, observa-se redução no perfil fisiológico hormonal da vasopressina ao receber o tratamento durante os primeiros 30 minutos de intervenção. Hipotetiza-se que o picolé de gelo estimula a cavidade orofaringea e, portanto, atua nos mecanismos antecipatórios para redução tanto da intensidade e desconforto da sede, como inibição hormonal temporária da vasopressina. Objective: To evaluate the effects of ice popsicles on plasma concentrations of vasopressin, osmolarity, intensity and thirst discomfort. Method: Quasi-experimental research, pre- and post-test, performed in a clinical laboratory in Brazil. The sample consisted of nine healthy volunteers, male, between 18 and 40 years old and without comorbidities, who received hypertonic saline solution at 2% intravenously for two hours to induce thirst. The dependent variables were plasma vasopressin, serum and urinary osmolarity, thirst intensity and discomfort, collected before and after infusion of the solution. The treatment variable was the 20 ml ice popsicle, offered to the volunteer three times every 15 minutes. Results: Popsicle ingestion did not result in a statistically significant decrease in vasopressin (F = 0.876 and p = 0.428). However, there was a reduction in the hormonal physiological profile of vasopressin from 7.1 pg / ml to 5.8 pg / ml after the two interventions. This corresponds to a decrease of approximately 20% in the hormonal profile. The concentration of plasma osmolarity during the procedure changed from 270.65 (initial basal osmolarity) to 286.51 mOsm / kg (final osmolarity), but without statistical difference (F = 2.207, p = 0.09). The ice popsicle significantly reduced the intensity (F = 10.00 and P = 0.001) and thirst discomfort (F = 10.528; P