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Introduction: At the beginning of the 2020-2021 academic year, the government, health organizations, and educational institutions had to face the implementation of protocols and action plans within the classrooms to prevent COVID-19. Aim. This study aimed to analyze the thoughts and concerns of Spanish teachers during the academic year 2020-2021. Method: The study involved the participation of 965 teachers (74.3% Women; M[subscript age] = 43.5 9.9). An ad hoc questionnaire comprising 38 items was utilized, focusing on the resources offered by the administration for the return to classrooms, teachers' concerns about this new academic year, and their thoughts on ideal teaching conditions. Results: Differences were observed based on age and gender in the management (P1) (p = 0.02) and support (P2) (p = 0.04) from the educational administration, perceived security (P3) (p = 0.01), reduction of the working day (P5) (p = 0.002), and the adequacy of material (P6) (p = 0.004) and human (P8) (p = 0.04) resources. Teachers with greater experience exhibited differences in the items P2 (p = 0.03), P3 (p = 0.03), and P8 (p = 0.03). Conclusions: Less experienced teachers expressed higher levels of concern, while those with more teaching experience highlighted the need for additional human resources and training.

The present study aims to comprehensively assess the solar irradiance patterns in the western zone of the Mantaro Valley, a region of ecological and agricultural significance in the central Peruvian Andes. Leveraging radiation data from the Baseline surface Radiation Network (BSRN) sensors located in the Huancayo Geophysical Observatory (HYGO-12.04°S,75.32°W, 3350 masl) spanning from 2017 to 2022, the research delves into the seasonal variations and trends in surface solar irradiance components. Actually, the study investigates the diurnal and seasonal variations of solar irradiance components, namely diffuse (EDF), direct (EDR), and global (EG) irradiance. Results demonstrate distinct peaks and declines across seasons, with EDR and EDF exhibiting opposing seasonal trends, influencing the overall variability in, EG. Peaks of, EG occurred in spring (3.32 MJ m−2 h−1 at noon), particularly during October (24.14 MJ m-2 day-1), probably associated with biomass-burning periods and heightened aerosol optical depth (AOD). These findings highlight the impact of biomass-burning aerosols on solar radiation dynamics in the region. In general, the seasonal variability of, EG on the HYGO is lower than that observed in other regions of South America at higher latitudes and reach its maximums during spring months. Moreover, the research evaluates various irradiation models to establish correlations between sunshine hours, measured with a solid glass sphere heliograph, and, EG and EDF at different time scales, showing acceptable accuracy to predict. In addition, the sigmoid logistic function emerges as the most effective in correlating the hourly diffuse fraction (KDh) and the hourly clearness index (KTh), showcasing superior performance compared to alternative functions and exhibiting strong statistical significance and providing valuable insights for future solar radiation forecasting and modeling efforts. This study offers valuable insights for solar radiation forecasting and modeling efforts, emphasizing the importance of interdisciplinary research for solar power generation, sustainable development and climate resilience in mountainous regions like the Peruvian Andes.

Objective: This study aimed to compare the maximum and rapid force production of Spanish football players and explore the differences between age group and level of competition. Methods: A cross-sectional study was developed to evaluate the peak force (PF), relative PF, and rate of force development over 250 ms (RFD0−250) during the isometric midthigh pull between groups of football players based on age group (senior vs junior) and level of competition (national vs regional). Using a portable isometric rig, 111 football players performed 2 isometric midthigh-pull trials on a force plate. Two-way analysis of variance with Bonferroni post hoc correction was applied, and statistical significance was set at P ≤.05. The PF, relative PF, and RFD0−250 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 percentiles were also calculated and descriptively reported, separated by age group and level of competition. Results: The analysis of variance revealed a significant main effect of the level of competition for the PF (P <.001), relative PF (P =.003), and RFD0−250 (P <.001). There was a significant main effect of age group for the PF (P <.001). There was a significant interaction effect of the age group × level of competition for relative PF (P =.014). National players were stronger than regional players on the PF and RFD0−250 (P <.001). Senior players were stronger than junior players for the PF (P <.001). Conclusions: Maximum and rapid force production are crucial for Spanish football players as they progress in both level of competition and age group. Practitioners should encourage young football players to prioritize strength development to improve their athletic performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Velázquez, Mariana Cecilia. Cultural Representations of Piracy in England, Spain, and the Caribbean. Travelers, Traders, and Traitors, 1570 to 1604. Routledge, 2023. 235 pp.

IntroductionThe term emotional eating (EE) describes the tendency to eat as an automatic response to negative emotions and has been linked to anxiety and depression, common symptoms among the university population. The EE tendencies have also been associated with excessive internet use and an increase in alcohol intake among young university students.MethodsThe aim of this study is to examine the relationship between the tendency towards EE and other health-compromising behaviors, such as excessive internet use or high alcohol intake. Additionally, it aims to investigate the association of these risky behaviors with the participants’ performance level in a virtual reality (VR) task that assesses their executive functioning, and to assess impulsivity and levels of anxiety and depression.ResultsThe results associate EE with excessive internet (r = 0.332; p

El cooperativismo, desde su surgimiento, ha promulgado un modo de aglutinar a productores de diversos objetos o encargos sociales en un tipo de empresa que respalde la colectividad y el bien común de la sociedad a la que se sirve. Este fenómeno constituye un tema de investigación emergente en temáticas interdisciplinares de la ciencia. La presente investigación parte de la aplicación de métodos teóricos y el análisis documental para localizar referentes teóricos sobre la gestión de empresas cooperativas como temática en la socialización del conocimiento científico. Se realizó un análisis de dominio de la temática gestión de empresas cooperativas para visualizar las principales revistas y autores que abordan resultados científicos relacionados con la temática. Se utilizó como fuente de información el Observatorio de Acceso Abierto desarrollado por la Universidad de Pinar del Río, el cual compila información académica proveniente del Directorio de Revistas de Acceso Abierto y facilita la representación de la información desde diferentes parámetros. Se aplicaron indicadores bibliométricos para visualizar las instituciones, autores y países más distintivos, se evidencia que la temática es poco socializada en la comunidad científica, existiendo en el período analizado (2003-2022) inestabilidad en la producción científica. La presente investigación arrojó la necesidad de extender el estudio hacia otras fuentes de información, con énfasis en el idioma inglés. Además, permitió analizar el comportamiento de las publicaciones sobre la materia, disponibles en acceso abierto, específicamente aquellas que se enmarcan en la aplicación de temas relacionados con las Ciencias Económicas.

Introduction. At the beginning of the 2020-2021 academic year, the government, health organizations, and educational institutions had to face the implementation of protocols and action plans within the classrooms to prevent COVID-19. Aim. This study aimed to analyze the thoughts and concerns of Spanish teachers during the academic year 2020-2021. Method. The study involved the participation of 965 teachers (74.3% Women; Mage = 43.5 9.9). An ad hoc questionnaire comprising 38 items was utilized, focusing on the resources offered by the administration for the return to classrooms, teachers’ concerns about this new academic year, and their thoughts on ideal teaching conditions. Results. Differences were observed based on age and gender in the management (P1) (p = 0.02) and support (P2) (p = 0.04) from the educational administration, perceived security (P3) (p = 0.01), reduction of the working day (P5) (p = 0.002), and the adequacy of material (P6) (p = 0.004) and human (P8) (p = 0.04) resources. Teachers with greater experience exhibited differences in the items P2 (p = 0.03), P3 (p = 0.03), and P8 (p = 0.03). Conclusions. Less experienced teachers expressed higher levels of concern, while those with more teaching experience highlighted the need for additional human resources and training.

Abstract This study aimed to optimize the production of bio-oil from Leucaena leucocephala wood using a fluidized bed reactor. Response surface methodology was used to optimize the fast pyrolysis through three operational parameters: pyrolysis temperature, nitrogen flow rate, and temperature of the first condensation stage. The optimum conditions obtained for bio-oil production were 500 °C, 26.4 L min–1, that is, about 3.3 times the minimum fluidization flow, and 80 °C, respectively. The bio-oil obtained under optimum conditions was of good quality and did not require further treatment. Physical properties of the bio-oil were analysed according to ASTM D7544-12. In addition, the chemical composition of the non-condensed gases and bio-oil were identified using GC–MS. The non-condensed gases were found to contain mainly ketones and lignin derivatives, while the bio-oil contained cyclic ketones, alcohol ethers, aromatic alcohols, and lignin derivatives. The study found that increasing the pyrolysis temperature did not significantly increase the yield of H2 and CO for syngas production. Regarding the solid obtained, a large amount of unreacted material (66.7 wt.%) is generated at 400 °C, and as the temperature is increased, a high-quality biochar is obtained.

This study explores the potential of non-hazardous wastes for crafting an engineered soil-like material (Technosol) suitable for landfill capping applications. Three distinct materials—waste foundry sand (WFS), washing aggregate sludge (WAS), and composted biosolids (CBS)—were strategically combined to develop this innovative Technosol. The formulation process involved a comprehensive analysis of their physical–chemical properties, mineral composition, leachate quality, and a series of geotechnical assessments to ensure compliance with landfill top cover construction standards. The blend 90WFS/10WAS showed optimal geotechnical properties for constructing a protective layer, including maximum dry density (1.77 g cm−3), void ratio (0.4), CBR index (23.2), cohesive strength (40 kPa), internal friction (ϕ = 30°), and permeability coefficient (k = 1.48 × 10−6 cm s−1). Further enhancement was achieved by adding 10% CBS, resulting in the development of a functional organo-mineral topsoil horizon (81WFS/9WAS/10CBS). Importantly, leachate analysis confirmed the negligible environmental footprint of this Technosol. Moreover, a pot-based experiment with Brassica juncea planting validated its capacity to support plant growth and establish a vegetative cover on the landfill surface.

Multicomponent exercise is a physical exercise modality in which various physical qualities (strength, cardiorespiratory endurance, flexibility, and balance) are developed with an equal distribution of volume in the same session (approximately 60 min) and that has been little explored in improving the quality of life of older adults. The aim of this study was to verify the effect of multicomponent training on self-perceived quality of life in Chilean overweight or obese older people. To this end, a quasi-experimental study with a control group was designed to evaluate self-perceived Quality of Life using the World Health Organization Quality of Life, brief version [Overall Quality of Life (OQOL); Overall Health (OH); Physical Health (PH); Psychological Health (PsH); Social Relations (SR); Environment (E)]. Seventy overweight or obese people aged between 60 and 86 years participated (M = 73.15; SD = 5.94) and were randomized into a control group (CG, n = 35) and an experimental group (EG, n = 35). The results in the EG (pre vs. post-intervention) indicated that there were statistically significant differences in OQOL (p = 0.005), OH (p = 0.014), PH (p < 0.001), PsH (p < 0.001), E (p = 0.015), and SR (p < 0.001) which were not found in the CG in any of the variables (p > 0.050) except in SR (p < 0.001). Regarding sex, post-intervention differences were only found between CG and EG in women in OQOL (p = 0.002), PH (p < 0.001), PsH (p = 0.003), and SR (p < 0.001), but not in OH or E (p > 0.050). These differences were not found among men in any of the variables (p > 0.050). As a conclusion, we can say that a multicomponent physical exercise program applied for 6 months significantly improves the perception of OQOL, OH, PH, PsH, SR, and E in overweight or obese older people. This perception is greater in men than in women.

Despite the abundance of registered clinical trials worldwide, the availability of effective drugs for obesity treatment is limited due to their associated side effects. Thus, there is growing interest in therapies that stimulate energy expenditure in white adipose tissue. Recently, we demonstrated that the delivery of a miR-21 mimic using JetPEI effectively inhibits weight gain in an obese mouse model by promoting metabolism, browning, and thermogenesis, suggesting the potential of miR-21 mimic as a treatment for obesity. Despite these promising results, the implementation of more advanced delivery system techniques for miR-21 mimic would greatly enhance the advancement of safe and efficient treatment approaches for individuals with obesity in the future. Our objective is to explore whether a new delivery system based on gold nanoparticles and Gemini surfactants (Au@16-ph-16) can replicate the favorable effects of the miR-21 mimic on weight gain, browning, and thermogenesis. We found that dosages as low as 0.2 μg miR-21 mimic /animal significantly inhibited weight gain and induced browning and thermogenic parameters. This was evidenced by the upregulation of specific genes and proteins associated with these processes, as well as the biogenesis of beige adipocytes and mitochondria. Significant increases in miR-21 levels were observed in adipose tissue but not in other tissue types. Our data indicates that Au@16-ph-16 could serve as an effective delivery system for miRNA mimics, suggesting its potential suitability for the development of future clinical treatments against obesity.

El presente estudio trata de ahondar en la figura de Manuel García de Santiago miembro que conformaba la saga de los García de Santiago. Esta familia de artistas se asentó en Sevilla con la figura de Bartolomé García de Santiago a mediados del siglo XVII y mantuvieron su labor artística hasta principios del siglo XIX. Para ello se pretende realizar un vaciado bibliográfico al respecto sobre el personaje, analizando una nueva obra artística documentada a partir de su restauración en el año 2016. Se trata de la imagen de Nuestra Señora del Rosario, titular mariana de la Hermandad Sacramental de la parroquia de San Bartolomé de Mairena del Alcor, en la provincia de Sevilla. Palabras clave: Escultura; Manuel García de Santiago; Sevilla; Parroquia de San Bartolomé de Mairena del Alcor; Virgen del Rosario; Barroco.

La prestación de atención médica en entornos críticos exige la posesión de sólidas habilidades interpersonales y de comunicación. La evidencia ha demostrado que la comunicación efectiva y el trabajo en equipo tienen un impacto significativo en la reducción de errores y la mejora de la calidad de la atención médica. El debriefing, una estrategia que permite a los equipos reflexionar sobre sus acciones y mejorar de manera conjunta, se ha convertido en una herramienta especialmente valiosa para los servicios de salud. La efectividad del debriefing se apoya en una amplia base de evidencia respaldada por organizaciones de salud internacionales que lo consideran y recomiendan como una práctica estándar. Sin embargo, la implementación del debriefing enfrenta diversos desafíos debido a limitaciones de tiempo y capacitación. En este contexto, el modelo TALK© debriefing, una herramienta estandarizada, diseñada para crear espacios seguros donde los equipos puedan identificar aspectos positivos y áreas de mejora, se presenta como una solución efectiva y de fácil implementación. A pesar de los obstáculos, su aplicación puede mejorar significativamente el rendimiento del equipo, destacando su valiosa contribución en entornos críticos y de urgencia. Se recomienda su implementación y se subraya la necesidad de investigaciones futuras para adaptarlo a contextos específicos de atención médica.

Objective/Context: In this article, we examine how Chinese demand for pelts—of sea otters and other marine mammals—fueled the eighteenth-century competitive expansion of European and later American merchants and explorers in the Pacific islands and along the Pacific coast of North America. Sea otter pelts were a commodity directly linked to the creation of a Pacific Ocean economy, and California’s colonization resulted from imperial dynamics to which this trade gave rise. Methodology: Using both primary and secondary sources, we examine how these merchants’ quest to supply the lucrative Chinese luxury market with furs—“soft gold”—brought them into contact with indigenous peoples whose livelihoods and commercial networks would also be recruited into this global market but on quite unequal terms and with devastating consequences. Originality: The growth of this Pacific trade throughout the eighteenth century fueled geopolitical rivalries that led to the colonization of California with a system of missions and military garrisons (presidios) and, eventually, to a new ecology as a result of plants and animals brought from New Spain before the Gold Rush and the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. Many, including Marx and Engels, have claimed that the Gold Rush contributed significantly to the dynamics of industrial capitalism; nevertheless, we argue that its conditions of possibility were laid out centuries earlier via the complex geopolitical and ecological connections through which this Pacific economy was articulated. Conclusions: During the eighteenth century, the Pacific’s products were extracted and commodified in circuits whose demand center was China. It is precisely the prior existence of these global markets—centered on silver and “soft gold,” or sea otter furs—that explains the presence of Europeans and Americans in California eager to prospect for the yellow metal in 1848.

Doñana National Park is located in the southwest of the Iberian Peninsula, where water scarcity is recurrent, together with a high heterogeneity in species and ecosystems. Monitoring carbon assimilation is essential to improve knowledge of global change in natural vegetation cover. In this work, a light use efficiency (LUE) model was applied to estimate gross primary production (GPP) in two ecosystems of Doñana, xeric shrub (drought resistant) and seasonal marsh (with grasslands dependent on water hydroperiod) and validated with in situ data from eddy covariance (EC) towers installed in both ecosystems. The model was applied in two ways: (1) using the fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (FAPAR) from Sentinel-2 and meteorological data from reanalysis (ERA5), and (2) using Sentinel-2 FAPAR, reanalysis solar radiation (ERA5) and the Sentinel-2 land surface water index (LSWI). In both cases and for both ecosystems, the error values are acceptable (below 1 gC/m2) and in both ecosystems the model using the LSWI gave better results (R2 of 0.8 in marshes and 0.51 in xeric shrubs). The results also show a greater influence of the water status of the system than of the meteorological variables in this area.