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1. The free energy of dilute Bose gases at low temperatures interacting via strong potentials

Author

Fournais, S., Junge, L., Girardot, T., Morin, L., Olivieri, M., and Triay, A.

Subjects
Mathematical Physics, Mathematics - Spectral Theory
Abstract

We consider a dilute Bose gas in the thermodynamic limit and prove a lower bound on the free energy for low temperatures which is in agreement with the conjecture of Lee-Huang-Yang on the excitation spectrum of the system. Combining techniques of \cite{FS2} and \cite{HHNST}, we give a simpler and shorter proof resolving the case of strong interactions, including the hard-core potential., Comment: 33 pages

Published
2024

2. The Ground State Energy of a Two-Dimensional Bose Gas

Author

Fournais, S., Girardot, T., Junge, L., Morin, L., and Olivieri, M.

Subjects
Mathematical Physics, Mathematics - Spectral Theory
Abstract

We prove the following formula for the ground state energy density of a dilute Bose gas with density $\rho$ in $2$ dimensions in the thermodynamic limit \begin{align*} e^{\rm{2D}}(\rho) = 4\pi \rho^2 Y\left(1 - Y \vert \log Y \vert + \left( 2\Gamma + \frac{1}{2} + \log(\pi) \right) Y \right) + o(\rho^2 Y^{2}). \end{align*} Here $Y= |\log(\rho a^2)|^{-1}$ and $a$ is the scattering length of the two-body potential. This result in $2$ dimensions corresponds to the famous Lee-Huang-Yang formula in $3$ dimensions. The proof is valid for essentially all positive potentials with finite scattering length, in particular it covers the crucial case of the hard core potential., Comment: 92 pages

Published
2022

8. Les Auteurs

Author

Abroug, F., Abtan, J., Aguilar, C., Aissaoui, N., Ait Hssain, A., Ait-Oufella, H., Ajzenberg, N., Aloy, B., Ammirati, C., Amoura, Z., Amstutz, P., Anglicheau, D., Annane, D., Anxionnat, R., Arab, K., Argaud, L., Arnaout, M., Arrivé, L., Assouad, J., Aubron, C., Augis, V., Ayari, H., Azabou, E., Azoulay, E., Bakhos, D., Bailly, E., Bailly, P., Baldolli, A., Barbaud, A., Barbier, F., Barbut, F., Bardon, J., Barraud, D., Barreda, T., Barrot, L., Barry, B., Bartier, J.-C., Bastien, O., Baud, F.J., Baudel, J.-L., Beaussier, M., Bedos, J.-P., Bédry, R., Béduneau, G., Beloncle, F., Beltrami, A., Benghanem, S., Ben Ammar, M., Ben Hadj Salem, O., Benchetrit, D., Benyamina, M., Benzidi, Y., Bernardin, G., Bertholdt, C., Bertocchio, J.-P., Bertoletti, L., Bertrand, C., Besnier, E., Beuret, P., Beydon, L., Bialais, É., Bienaimé, F., Bigé, N., Bihan, K., Bilbault, P., Binoche, A., Biour, M., Birgand, G., Bitker, L., Blanc, J.-V., Blatteau, J.-E., Blivet, S., Blot, F., Bodenes, L., Boels, D., Bohé, J., Boissier, F., Boiteau, R., Boles, J.-M., Bollaert, P.-E., Bondeelle, L., Bonnet, N., Boudon, M., Bouglé, A., Boulain, T., Boulanger, D., Bounab, R., Bourcier, S., Bourigault, C., Bourenne, J., Bouteau, I., Boutonnet, M., Bouzgarrou, R., Boyer, A., Boyer, D., Boyer-Suavet, S., Bracard, S., Brault, C., Bretonnière, C., Bréchot, N., Bridoux, F., Brivet, F.-G., Brochard, L., Bruder, N., Bruneel, F., Brunet, J., Burgel, P.-R., Buscot, M., Cabrio, D., Cadranel, J., Calvet, L., Camus, C., Canaud, B., Canellas, A., Canet, E., Capaldo, L., Capellier, G., Carbonell, N., Cariou, A., Carli, P., Carpentier, D., Carrat, F., Carteaux, G., Casolla, B., Castanares-Zapatero, D., Castelain, V., Cavaillon, J.-M., Cecchini, J., Cha, O., Chamaraux-Tran, T.-N., Champigneulle, B., Chanard, J., Charles, P.-E., Charpentier, J., Chastre, J., Chaussard, M., Chemla, D., Cherifa, M., Chiche, J.-D., Cholley, B., Chopin, C., Chosidow, O., Choukroun, M.-L., Clair, B., Claude, F., Clavier, T., Clément, E., Clere-Jehl, R., Clouzeau, B., Cochereau, I., Cohen, Y., Collins, M., Combes, A., Commandeur, D., Contou, D., Coppo, P., Cordonnier, C., Coriat, P., Cornelis, F., Costedoat-Chalumeau, N., Cottin, V., Cour, M., Coutrot, M., Couturier, J., Couzigou, C., Cravoisy-Popovic, A., Crozier, S., Danel, V., Danin, P.-E., Dargaud, Y., Darmaun, D., Darmon, M., Daubin, C., David, S., De Backer, D., De Cagny, B., Decavèle, M., Decousus, H., Degos, V., De Groote, E., De Jong, A., Dekeyser, T., Delabranche, X., Delahaye, A., Delarue, J., Delclaux, C., Delemazure, J., Delile, E., Delisle, S., Dellamonica, J., Delluc, A., Delplancq, H., Deltour, S., De Martin, E., Demeret, S., Demiselle, J., De Montalembert, M., Demoule, A., Dépret, F., de Prost, N., Dequatre-Ponchelle, N., Dequin, P.-F., Deray, G., Derelle, A.-L., Deriaz, H., De Schryver, N., Deshayes, S., Desmettre, T., Desrousseaux, J., Dessevre, A., Dewitte, A., Deye, N., Dhainaut, J.-F., Didier, S., Diehl, J.-L., Di Martino, V., Djibré, M., Dolz, M., Dorandeu, F., Dorent, R., Do Vale, J., Dres, M., Dreyfuss, D., Dromer, C., Dubée, V., Duburcq, T., Duceau, B., Du Cheyron, D., Ducloy-Bouthors, A.-S., Dugernier, J., Durand, A., Durand, F., Duranteau, J., Durocher, A., Dussaule, J.-C., Eckert, C., Écotière, L., Ehrmann, S., El Gharbi, F., Elbaz, M., Embriaco, N., Étienne, H., Essig, M., Fagon, J.-Y., Fagot-Gandet, F., Fartoukh, M., Faugeras, F., Favory, R., Faisy, C., Ferrière, N., Ferry, T., Flamant, M., Folscheid, D., Fontaine, E., Forel, J.-M., Fourrier, F, Fraipont, V., Franchineau, G., Francoz, C., Frat, J.-P., Fresco, R., Friedlander, G., Friedman, D., Fromentin, M., Gainnier, M., Galanaud, D., Garcia, H., Garret, C., Garrouste-Orgeas, M., Gateau, C., Geeraerts, T., Gehanno, P., Gempp, E., Geri, G., Germain, A., Giacardi, C., Gibelin, A., Gibot, S., Girardot, T., Girault, C., Giura, G., Gkalea, V., Godard, A., Godeau, B., Goffinet, F., Gonzalez-Bermejo, J., Gory, B., Gouëllo, J.-P., Goulenok, C., Goursaud, S., Goury, A., Goutagny, S., Graftieaux, J.-P., Grangé, S., Grimaldi, D., Gros, A., Gruson, D., Gruson-Vescovali, D., Guérin, C., Guérot, E., Guettrot-Imbert, G., Guervilly, C., Guidet, B., Guillon, A., Guillot, M., Guitton, C., Gutton, Ch., Haidar, M., Halimi, C., Hamada, S., Hammoud, K., Hansmann, Y., Hariri, G., Harlay, M.-L., Harrois, A., Harry, P., Hauw-Berlemont, C., Hébuterne, X., Hejblum, G., Helms, J., Hékimian, G., Heming, N., Herbrecht, J.-E., Hertig, A., Heshmati, F., Hickmann, C., Hites, M., Hong Tuan Ha, V., Houfflin-Debarge, V., Houhou, N., Houillier, P., Hua, C., Hullin, T., Humbert, M., Hugon-Vallet, É., Hurel, D., Ichaï, P., Ioos, V., Isnard-Bagnis, C., Jaber, S., Jacobs, F., Jacquens, A., Jaffal, K., Jaïs, X., Janus, N., Jardel, B., Jars-Guincestre, M.-C., Jaubert, P., Jehl, F., Jirka, A., Joannès-Boyau, O., Joffre, J., Jolliet, P., Joly, F., Joly, L.-M., Joly-Guillou, M.-L., Jouffroy, R., Jonard, M., Jougon, J., Jourdain, M., Jozwiak, M., Jully, M., Jung, B., Juniat, A.-A., Kandji, M., Kanfer, A., Karoubi, P., Kentish-Barnes, N., Kerlan, V., Khalil, A., Kim, S., Kimmoun, A., Klouche, K., Koffel, J.-C., Kopferschmitt, J., Laaban, J.P., Labadie, M., Labbé, V., Lachâtre, M., Labrousse, J., Lacroix, D., Lancel, S., Lanceleur, A., Landais, M., Landelle, C., Landman, C., Lanternier, F., Larcher, R., Launay-Vacher, V., Langeron, O., Lapostolle, F., Larmignat, P., Laterre, P.-F., Laudenbach, V., Laurent, V., Lautrette, A., Lavillegrand, J.-R., Lavolé, A., Law-ye, B., Lebas, B., Lebranchu, Y., Lebreton, G., Lebrun-Vignes, B., Leclercq, D., Le Conte, P., Le Corre, B., Lefaucheur, J.-P., Lefevre, J., Leflon-Guibout, V., Léger, D., Legrand, M., Le Gouez, A., Leguay, T., Lejay, M., Lellouche, F., Lemaire, F., Lemaitre, C., Lemarié, J., Lemiale, V., Lemonnier, M.-P., Lepape, A., Leprince, P., Leray-Moraguès, H., Léon, A., Leone, M., Lerolle, N., Le Roux, M., Leroy, O., Leteurtre, S., Lescot, T., Le Tulzo, Y., Leverve, X., Levy, B., Lévy, P., L'Her, E., Liao, L., Lienhart, A., Llitjos, J.-F., Lofaso, F., Lothe, M.-N., Loubières, Y., Louge, P., Lucet, J.-C., Luyt, C.E., Lyazidi, A., Maamar, A., Mahieu, R., Maillet, J.-M., Mainardi, J.-L., Maître, B., Maizel, J., Mallaret, M.-R., Mancebo, J., Manzo-Silberman, S., Marchalot, A., Marit, G., Markowicz, P., Marqué, S., Martin, O., Martin-Lefèvre, L., Marx, T., Massanet, P.L., Mathian, A., Mathieu, C., Mathieu, D., Maury, E., Maxime, V., Mazeraud, A., Meffert, A., Mégarbane, B., Mehl, J., Mekontso Dessap, A., Melchior, C., Meng, P., Mentec, H., Mercier, F.-J., Mercat, A., Merdji, H., Méresse, Z., Mertes, P.-M., Mesland, J.-B., Meyer, G., Meynard, J.-L., Meziani, F., Miatello, J., Michard, B., Mira, J.-P., Mismetti, P., Misset, B., Miyara, M., Moga, L., Mohty, M., Monchi, M., Monéger, G., Monneret, G., Monnet, X., Monnier-Cholley, L., Montani, D., Mora, P., Morau, E., Moreau, AS., Morel, G., Morawiec, E., Mortaza, S., Mottier, D., Murgier, M., Naccache, L., Nace, L., Naeije, R., Naïm, G., Nave, S., Nitenberg, A., Nouette-Gaulain, K., Nouri-Neuville, M., Nousbaum, J.B., Novy, E., Nuss, P., Obadia, É., Offenstadt, G., Oger, E., Onimus, T., Orlikowski, D., Oro, S., Osman, O., Ouanes, I., Ouanes-Besbes, L., Ouedraogo, R., Outin, H., Oziel, J., Ozier, Y., Pajot, O., Papazian, L., Parmentier, E., Parquin, F., Parrilla, F.J., Parrot, A., Pasquet, A., Pateron, D., Paugam-Burtz, C., Peigné, M., Peineau, S., Pelaccia, T., Pène, F., Perrotin, D., Pessey, F., Pham, T., Philit, F., Pichené, C., Picod, A., Piette, J.-C., Pillet, O., Pilmis, B., Pineau, J., Pineton de Chambrun, M., Piquilloud, L., Pirracchio, R., Piton, G., Plantefève, G., Podglajen, I., Poidevin, A., Poissy, J., Pottecher, J., Poujol, A.-L., Poussardin, C., Prat, F., Préau, S., Preiser, J.-C., Prevel, R., Prot-Bertoye, C., Pruvo, J.-P., Pujol, S., Puntous, M., Quenot, J.-P., Quevrain, E., Quillerou, B., Rabaud, C., Raynard, B., Raynaud, L., Regard, L., Reignier, J., Reizine, F., Réminiac, F., Renault, A., Revest, M., Ricard, J.-D., Richalet, J-P., Richard, C., Richard, J-C.M., Ricôme, J.-L., Ridel, C., Rigollot, M., Rigaud, J.-P., Rigolet, A., Rimmelé, T., Rineau, E., Robert, R., Robert, T., Robineau, O., Roch, A., Roesler, J., Roger, I., Rohaut, B., Roullet, S., Rousset, D., Roux, D., Rozé, H., Rudler, M., Rugeri, L., Ruppé, E., Sab, J.-M., Sacleux, S.-C., Saliba, F., Samuel, D., Sauder, P., Saulnier, F., Sauvanet, A., Savale, L., Savoye, G., Schlemmer, B., Schlemmer, F., Schmidt, E., Schmidt, M., Schneider, F., Schneider, S.M., Schortgen, F., Schuby, M., Schwan, R., Schwebel, C., Seguin, A., Seksik, P., Senneville, É., Seronde, M.-F., Sharshar, T., Sigaut, S., Silva, S., Si-Tahar, M., Sitbon, O., Sivanandamoorthy, S., Slama, M., Sollet, J.-P., Somme, D., Sonneville, R., Souday, V., Soufir, L., Soussi, S., Souweine, B., Spaulding, C., Squara, P., Steg, P.-G., Sterlin, D., Stiel, L., Sublon, M., Sudre, E., Surgers, L., Szychowiak, P., Tacquard, C., Tadié, J.-M., Talvard, O., Tamburini, J., Tamion, F., Tarazona, V., Tardy, B., Taright, N., Tasseau, F., Tattevin, P., Tauzin-Fin, P., Tazarourte, K., Teboul, J.-L., Terzi, N., Thabut, D., Thaler, F., Thellier, D., Thervet, E., Thévenot, T., Thibault, M., Thibault, R., Thierry, A., Thille, A.W., Thomas, G., Thumerel, M., Thuong, M., Thy, M., Timsit, J.-F., Tissières, P., Tonnelet, R., Touchard, G., Tournoy, A., Tourtier, J.-P., Tourtier, Y., Tran Van Nhieu, J., Troché, G., Trouillet, J.L., Ubeaud-Séquier, G., Uhel, F., Urbina, T., Valeyrie-Allanore, L., Van de Louw, A., Van der Meersch, G., Vargas, F., Velly, L., Venet, F., Verdon, R., Veyradier, A., Vieillard-Baron, A., Vignon, Ph., Vigué, B., Villers, D., Vinsonneau, C., Voiriot, G., Weil-Verhoeven, D., Wiel, É., Wittebole, X., Woch, S., Woerther, P.-L., Woimant, F., Wolff, M., Wysocki, M., Xhaard, A., Yazdanpanah, Y., Zafrani, L., Zahar, J.-R., Zarrouk, V., Zéni, F., Zerbib, P., Zerbib, Y., Zieleskiewicz, L., Zlotnik, D., and Zuber, B.

Published
2020
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10. Les Auteurs

Author

Boles, J.-M., Bollaert, P.-E., Mercat, A., Mira, J.-P., Offenstadt, G., Saulnier, F., Wolff, M., Zéni, F., Aboab, J., Abou-Ayache, R., Abroug, F., Abtan, J., Adam, N., Aissaoui, N., Ait Hssain, A., Ait-Oufella, H., Aloy, B., Alves, M., Amour, J., Amstutz, P., Andréjak, C., Anglicheau, D., Annane, D., Anxionnat, R., Arab, K., Argaud, L., Arich, C., Arrivé, L., Aubron, C., Auneau, J.-C., Azabou, E., Azoulay, É., Bailly, P., Bakhos, D., Baldolli, A., Barbier, C., Barbier, F., Barbut, F., Bardon, J., Bargues, L., Barraud, D., Barreda, T., Barrot, L., Barry, B., Basille-Fantinato, A., Bastien, O., Baud, F., Baudel, J.-L., Bauwens, M., Bazire, A., Beaussier, M., Bedos, J.-P., Bédry, R., Beduneau, G., Begot, E., Belhadj-Tahar, N., Beloncle, F., Beltramini, A., Ben Hadj Salem, O., Benyamina, M., Benzidi, Y., Bernardin, G., Bertoletti, L., Beuret, P., Beydon, L., Bialais, É., Bilbault, P., Binoche, A., Biour, M., Birgand, G., Bitker, L., Blatteau, J.-E., Blivet, S., Blot, F., Boels, D., Bohé, J., Boisramé-Helms, J., Boissier, F., Boiteau, R., Boivin, A., Bonadona, A., Bonmarchand, G., Bonnot, B., Bouadma, L., Bouchet, M.-F., Bouffandeau, B., Bouglé, A., Boulain, T., Boulanger, D., Boulard, G., Bourcier, S., Boyer, A., Bracard, S., Bréchot, N., †Bricca, G., Bridoux, F., Brivet, F.-G., Brochard, L., Bruder, N., Brun-Buisson, C., Bruneel, F., Brunet, J., Brun-Vézinet, F., Bumsel, F., Burgel, P.-R., Cabasson, S., Cadranel, J., Calvet, L., Camus, C., Camus, Y., Canaud, B., Canellas, A., Canet, E., Capaldo, L., Capellier, G., Carbonell, N., Cariou, A., Carli, P., Carpentier, D., Carpentier, F., Carrat, F., Carteaux, G., Castanares-Zapatero, D., Castelain, V., Cavaillon, J.-M., Cecchini, J., Cha, O., Chaize, M., Champigneulle, B., Chanard, J., Charbonneau, P., Charles, P.-E., Charpentier, J., Chastre, J., Chemla, D., Chemouni, F., Chenine, L., Chiche, J.-D., Cholley, B., Chopin, C., Chosidow, O., Choukroun, M.-L., Chrétien, F., Clair, B., Claude, F., Clément, É., Clément-Rigolet, M., Cochereau, I., Cohen, Y., Combe, C., Combes, A., Commandeur, D., Coppo, P., Coquerel, D., Cordonnier, C., Coriat, P., Costedoat-Chalumeau, N., Cottin, V., Cour, M., Crozier, S., Danel, V., Danin, P.-E., Darmaun, D., Darmon, M., Darnal, E., Daubin, C., David, S., De Backer, D., De Cagny, B., De Jong, A., De Montalembert, M., De Prost, N., De Schryver, N., Decavele, M., Decousus, H., Degos, V., Delabranche, X., Delahaye, A., Delarue, J., Delclaux, C., Delile, E., Delisle, S., Dellamonica, J., Delluc, A., Demondion, P., Demoule, A., Dequatre-Ponchelle, N., Deray, G., Derelle, A.-L., Deriaz, H., Desrousseaux, J., Dewitte, A., Deye, N., Dhainaut, J.-F., Diehl, J.-L., Djibré, M., Dolz, M., Dorent, R., Dres, M., Dreyfuss, D., Dromer, C., Du Cheyron, D., Dubée, V., Ducloy-Bouthors, A.-S., Dugernier, J., Duguet, A., Durand, A., Durand, F., Duranteau, J., Durocher, A., Dussaule, J.-C., Eberhardt, N., Eckert, C., Égreteau, P.-Y., Ehrmann, S., El Esper, N., El Gharbi, F., Embriaco, N., Essig, M., Fagon, J.-Y., Faisy, C., Fangio, P., Fartoukh, M., Faugeras, F., Favory, R., Ferry, A., Ferry, T., Fialon, P., Flamant, M., Flamens, C., Flesch, F., Folscheid, D., Fontaine, E., Forel, J.-M., Fourel, D., Fournier, A., Fourrier, F., Francoz, C., Frat, J.-P., Friedlander, G., Friedman, D., Fromentin, M., Fulgencio, J.-P., Gainnier, M., Garçon, P., Garo, B., Garrouste-Orgeas, M., Gebel, H., Geeraerts, T., †Gehanno, P., Gempp, E., Genestal, M., Georges, H., Germain, A., Giacardi, C., Gibot, S., Girardot, T., Girault, C., Giura, G., Godard, A., Godeau, B., Goffinet, F., Goldgran-Toledano, D., Gonzalez, F., Gonzalez-Bermejo, J., Goulenok, C., Goutagny, S., Graftieaux, J.-P., Grangé, S., Grimaldi, D., Gros, A., Gruson-Vescovali, D., Guérin, C., Guérin, J.-M., Guérot, E., Guervilly, C., Guettrot-Imbert, G., Guglielminotti, J., Guidet, B., Guillot, M., Guitton, C., Haddad, L., Halimi, C., Hallynck, C., Hamada, S., Hammoudi, K., Hansmann, Y., Harlay, M.-L., Harrois, A., Harry, P., Hasselmann, M., Hauw-Berlemont, C., Hébuterne, X., Herbrecht, J.-E., Hertig, A., Heshmati, F., Hickmann, C., Hilbert, G., Houfflin-Debarge, V., Houhou, N., Houillier, P., Houzé, S., Hullin, T., Humbert, M., Hurel, D., Ichaï, P., Ioos, V., Isnard Bagnis, C., Jaber, S., Jacobs, F., †Jaeger, A., Jaffal, K., Jaïs, X., Janus, N., Jardin, F., Jars-Guincestre, M.-C., Jolliet, P., Joly, L.-M., Joly-Guillou, M.-L., Jonquet, O., Joseph, T., Jouffroy, R., Jougon, J., Jounieaux, V., Jourdain, M., Jozwiak, M., Jung, B., Kanfer, A., Karie-Guigues, S., Karila, L., Karoubi, P., Kentish-Barnes, N., Kerlan, V., Khalil, A., Khouri, T., Kim, S., Kimmoun, A., Koffel, J.-C., Kopferschmitt, J., Kummerlen, C., L'Her, E., Laaban, J.-P., Labbé, V., Labrousse, J., Lachâtre, M., Lacroix, D., Lamhaut, L., Lanceleur, A., Landman, C., Langeron, O., Lanternier, F., Lapostolle, F., Larmignat, P., Lascarrou, J.-B., Laterre, P.-F., Laudenbach, V., Launay-Vacher, V., Laurent, V., Lautrette, A., Lavaux, T., Lavillegrand, J.-R., Law-ye, B., Laxenaire, M.-C., Le Conte, P., Le Corre, B., Le Gall, G., Le Gall, J.-R., Le Gouez, A., Le Roux, G., Le Tulzo, Y., Lebas, B., Lebranchu, Y., Lebreton, G., Leclerc, F., Leclercq, D., Leclercq, R., Lecuyer, L., Lefaucheur, J.-P., Lefèvre, J., Lefèvre, M., Leflon-Guibout, V., Léger, P., Legrand, M., Leguay, T., Lellouche, F., Lemaire, F., Lemaitre, C., Lemarié, J., Lemiale, V., Lemonnier, M.-P., Léon, A., Lepape, A., Leprince, P., Leray-Moragues, H., Lerolle, N., Leroy, O., Lescot, T., †Leverve, X., Levy, B., Lévy, P., Leys, D., Lienhart, A., Lofaso, F., Lortholary, O., Losser, M.-R., Lothe, M.-N., Lotthé, A., Loubières, Y., Louge, P., Lucet, J.-C., Lutun, P., Luyt, C.-E., Lyazidi, A., Maamar, A., Magalhaes, E., Maillet, J.-M., Mainardi, J.-L., Maitre, B., Maizel, J., Mancebo, J., Manzo-Silberman, S., Marchalot, A., Marek, A., Marit, G., Markowicz, P., Marqué, S., Mattéi, M., Maurel, V., Maury, E., Maxime, V., Mazeraud, A., Mazighi, M., Mégarbane, B., Mekontso Dessap, A., Mentec, H., Mercier, F.-J., Mertes, P.-M., Meyer, G., Meynard, J.-L., Meziani, F., Miatello, J., Michelet, C., Mignon, A., Mismetti, P., Misset, B., Mohty, M., Monchi, M., Monéger, G., Monneret, G., Monnet, X., Monnier-Cholley, L., Montani, D., Morinière, P., Moritz, F., Mortaza, S., Mossé, P., Mottier, D., Mourvillier, B., Naccache, L., Nace, L., Naeije, R., Neuville, M., Nevière, R., †Nicolas, F., Nitenberg, A., Nousbaum, J.-B., Novy, E., Nuss, P., Obadia, E., Oger, E., Oliva-Labadie, M., Onimus, T., Orlikowski, D., Osman, D., Ouanes, I., Ouanes-Besbes, L., Outin, H., Oziel, J., Ozier, Y., †Paillard, M., Pajot, O., Papazian, L., Parer, S., Parquin, F., Parrilla, F.-J., Parrot, A., Pasquet, A., Pateron, D., Paugam-Burtz, C., Pavie, A., Peigné, M., Peineau, S., Pène, F., Perrigault, P.-F., Perrotin, D., Pessey, F., Pham, T., Philit, F., Pichené, C., Pierrot, M., Piette, J.-C., Pillet, O., Pilmis, B., Pioche, P.-A., Piquilloud, L., Piton, G., Plantefève, G., Pochard, F., Pocidalo, M.-A., Podglajen, I., Poidevin, A., Pottecher, J., Pottecher, T., Potton, L., Pourrat, O., Prat, G., Préau, S., Pruvo, J.-P., Pujol, S., Puntous, M., Quevrain, E., Rabaud, C., Rabbat, A., Rameix, S., †Raphaël, J.-C., Rapp, C., Raynard, B., Regard, L., Régnier, B., Reignier, J., Réminiac, F., Renault, A., Revelly, J.-P., Revest, M., Ribaud, P., Ricard, J.-D., Richalet, J.-P., Richard, C., Richard, J.-C., Ricôme, J.-L., Ridel, C., Rigolet, A., Rigollot, M., Rimmelé, T., Rineau, E., Robert, R., Robert, T., Roch, A., Roeseler, J., Roger, I., Roger, P.-A., Rohaut, B., Rouche, J., Roujeau, J.-C., Rozé, H., Rudler, M., Rugeri, L., Ruiz, J., Ruppé, É., Sab, J.-M., Saïkhali, E., Saliba, F., Samuel, D., †Santré, C., Sauder, P., Saumon, G., Sauvanet, A., Savale, L., Savoye, G., Scemla, A., Schlemmer, B., Schlemmer, F., Schmidt, M., Schneider, F., Schneider, S.-M., Schortgen, F., Schuby, M., Schwan, R., Schwebel, C., Seguin, T., Seksik, P., Senneville, É., Seronde, M.-F., Sharshar, T., Sigaut, S., Silva, S., Simonneau, G., Sitbon, O., Slama, M., Sollet, J.-P., Somme, D., Sonneville, R., Souday, V., Soufir, L., Soussi, S., Souweine, B., Spaulding, C., Squara, P., Steg, P.-G., Sterkers, G., Stiel, L., Sublon, C., Sudre, E., Surgers, L., Tabah, A., Tacquard, C., Tadié, J.-M., Talvard, O., Tamburini, J., Tamion, F., Tardy, B., Tardy-Poncet, B., Taright, N., Tasseau, F., Tattevin, P., Tauzin-Fin, P., Tazarourte, K., Teboul, J.-L., Tenaillon, A., Terzi, N., Tesnière, A., Thabut, D., Thaler, F., Thellier, D., Théodore, J., Thervet, E., Thierry, A., Thille, A.W., Thirion, M., Thomas, G., Thumerel, M., Thuong, M., Timsit, J.-F., Tissières, P., Tonnelet, R., Touchard, G., Tournoud, C., Tournoys, A., Tourtier, J.-P., Tourtier, Y., Tran Van Nhieu, J., Troché, G., Tromeur, C., Trouillet, J.-L., Tubiana, J., Ubeaud-Séquier, G., Uhel, F., Vachon, F., Valeyrie-Allanore, L., Van de Louw, A., Vargas, F., Velly, J.-F., Velly, L., Verdon, R., Vesin, A., Veyradier, A., Vieillard-Baron, A., Vignon, P., Vigué, B., Villers, D., Vincent, F., Vinsonneau, C., Voiriot, G., Voisin, B., Wattel, F., Wiel, E., Wittebole, X., Woerther, P.-L., Woimant, F., Wysocki, M., Xhaard, A., Yazdanpanah, Y., Yéni, P., Zarrouk, V., Zerbib, P., Zieleskiewicz, L., and Zuber, B.

Published
2016
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11. La purification sanguine influence-t-elle le niveau d’expression d’HLA-DR au cours du choc septique ? Résultats d’une étude pilote

Author

Girardot, T., primary, Venet, F., additional, Prothet, J., additional, Ber, C.-É., additional, Page, M., additional, Crozon-Clauzel, J., additional, Christin, F., additional, Floccard, B., additional, Marcotte, G., additional, Martin, O., additional, Guillaume, C., additional, Allaouchiche, B., additional, Monneret, G., additional, and Rimmelé, T., additional

Published
2013
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12. Continuation vs Discontinuation of Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors Before Major Noncardiac Surgery: The Stop-or-Not Randomized Clinical Trial.

Author

Legrand M, Falcone J, Cholley B, Charbonneau H, Delaporte A, Lemoine A, Garot M, Joosten A, Meistelman C, Cheron-Leroy D, Rives JP, Pastene B, Dewitte A, Sigaut S, Danguy des Deserts M, Truc C, Boisson M, Lasocki S, Cuvillon P, Schiff U, Jaber S, Le Guen M, Caillard A, Bar S, Pereira de Souza Neto E, Colas V, Dimache F, Girardot T, Jozefowicz E, Viquesnel S, Berthier F, Vicaut E, and Gayat E

Subjects
Aged, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Hypotension epidemiology, Hypotension etiology, Hypotension prevention & control, Length of Stay, Preoperative Care methods, Renin-Angiotensin System drug effects, Time Factors, Hospital Mortality, Intraoperative Complications epidemiology, Intraoperative Complications etiology, Intraoperative Complications prevention & control, Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists administration & dosage, Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists adverse effects, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors administration & dosage, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors adverse effects, Postoperative Complications epidemiology, Postoperative Complications etiology, Postoperative Complications prevention & control, Surgical Procedures, Operative adverse effects
Abstract

Importance: Before surgery, the best strategy for managing patients who are taking renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (RASIs) (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers) is unknown. The lack of evidence leads to conflicting guidelines., Objective: To evaluate whether a continuation strategy vs a discontinuation strategy of RASIs before major noncardiac surgery results in decreased complications at 28 days after surgery., Design, Setting, and Participants: Randomized clinical trial that included patients who were being treated with a RASI for at least 3 months and were scheduled to undergo a major noncardiac surgery between January 2018 and April 2023 at 40 hospitals in France., Intervention: Patients were randomized to continue use of RASIs (n = 1107) until the day of surgery or to discontinue use of RASIs 48 hours prior to surgery (ie, they would take the last dose 3 days before surgery) (n = 1115)., Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome was a composite of all-cause mortality and major postoperative complications within 28 days after surgery. The key secondary outcomes were episodes of hypotension during surgery, acute kidney injury, postoperative organ failure, and length of stay in the hospital and intensive care unit during the 28 days after surgery., Results: Of the 2222 patients (mean age, 67 years [SD, 10 years]; 65% were male), 46% were being treated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors at baseline and 54% were being treated with angiotensin receptor blockers. The rate of all-cause mortality and major postoperative complications was 22% (245 of 1115 patients) in the RASI discontinuation group and 22% (247 of 1107 patients) in the RASI continuation group (risk ratio, 1.02 [95% CI, 0.87-1.19]; P = .85). Episodes of hypotension during surgery occurred in 41% of the patients in the RASI discontinuation group and in 54% of the patients in the RASI continuation group (risk ratio, 1.31 [95% CI, 1.19-1.44]). There were no other differences in the trial outcomes., Conclusions and Relevance: Among patients who underwent major noncardiac surgery, a continuation strategy of RASIs before surgery was not associated with a higher rate of postoperative complications than a discontinuation strategy., Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03374449.

Published
2024
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13. The Ground State Energy of a Two-Dimensional Bose Gas.

Author

Fournais S, Girardot T, Junge L, Morin L, and Olivieri M

Abstract

We prove the following formula for the ground state energy density of a dilute Bose gas with density ρ in 2 dimensions in the thermodynamic limit e 2D ( ρ ) = 4 π ρ 2 Y ( 1 - Y | log Y | + ( 2 Γ + 1 2 + log ( π ) ) Y ) + o ( ρ 2 Y 2 ) , as ρ a 2 → 0 . Here Y = | log ( ρ a 2 ) | - 1 and a is the scattering length of the two-body potential. This result in 2 dimensions corresponds to the famous Lee-Huang-Yang formula in 3 dimensions. The proof is valid for essentially all positive potentials with finite scattering length, in particular, it covers the crucial case of the hard core potential., Competing Interests: Conflict of interestThe authors are not aware of any conflict of interest regarding this manuscript., (© The Author(s) 2024.)

Published
2024
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14. Serum lactate and acute mesenteric ischaemia: An observational, controlled multicentre study.

Author

Collange O, Lopez M, Lejay A, Pessaux P, Ouattara A, Dewitte A, Rimmele T, Girardot T, Arnaudovski D, Augustin P, Chakfe N, Tacquard C, Oulehri W, Zieleskiewicz L, Severac F, Leone M, and Mertes PM

Subjects
Humans, Case-Control Studies, Retrospective Studies, Intensive Care Units, ROC Curve, Prognosis, Biomarkers, Lactates, Mesenteric Ischemia diagnosis
Abstract

Background: Early diagnosis and prompt management of acute mesenteric ischaemia (AMI) are key to survival but remain extremely difficult, due to vague and non-specific symptoms. Serum lactate (SL) is commonly presented as a useful biomarker for the diagnosis or prognosis of AMI. The aim of our study was test SL (1) as a diagnostic marker and (2) as a prognostic marker for AMI., Study Design: This was an ancillary multicentre case-control study. Patients with AMI at intensive care unit (ICU) admission were included (AMI group) and matched to ICU patients without AMI (control group). SL was measured and compared on day 0 (D0) and day 1 (D1). Diagnosis and prognosis accuracy were assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and their area under the curve (AUC)., Results: Each group consisted of 137 matched ICU patients. There was no significant difference of SL between the two groups at D0 or at D1 (p = 0.26 and p = 0.29 respectively). SL was a poor marker of AMI: at D0 and D1, AUC were respectively 0.57 [0.51; 0.63] and 0.60 [0.53; 0.67]. SL at D0 and D1 correctly predicted ICU mortality, independently of AMI (AUC D0: 0.69 [0.59; 0.79] vs. 0.74 [0.65; 0.82]; p = 0.51 and D1: 0.74 [0.64; 0.84] vs. 0.76 [0.66; 0.87]; p = 0.77, respectively, for control and AMI groups]., Conclusions: SL has no specific link with AMI, both for diagnosis and prognosis. SL should not be used for the diagnosis of AMI but, despite its lack of specificity, it may help to assess severity., (Copyright © 2022 Société française d'anesthésie et de réanimation (Sfar). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Published
2022
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15. Immune Profiling Demonstrates a Common Immune Signature of Delayed Acquired Immunodeficiency in Patients With Various Etiologies of Severe Injury.

Author

Venet F, Textoris J, Blein S, Rol ML, Bodinier M, Canard B, Cortez P, Meunier B, Tan LK, Tipple C, Quemeneur L, Reynier F, Leissner P, Védrine C, Bouffard Y, Delwarde B, Martin O, Girardot T, Truc C, Griffiths AD, Moucadel V, Pachot A, Monneret G, and Rimmelé T

Subjects
Biomarkers, Critical Illness, Humans, Prospective Studies, Coinfection complications, Sepsis complications
Abstract

Objectives: The host response plays a central role in the pathophysiology of sepsis and severe injuries. So far, no study has comprehensively described the overtime changes of the injury-induced immune profile in a large cohort of critically ill patients with different etiologies., Design: Prospective observational cohort study., Setting: Adult ICU in a University Hospital in Lyon, France., Patients: Three hundred fifty-three septic, trauma, and surgical patients and 175 healthy volunteers were included in the REAnimation Low Immune Status Marker study., Interventions: None., Measurements and Main Results: Extensive immune profiling was performed by assessing cellular phenotypes and functions, protein, and messenger RNA levels at days 1-2, 3-4, and 5-7 after inclusion using a panel of 30 standardized immune markers. Using this immunomonitoring panel, no specificity in the immune profile was observed among septic, trauma, and surgical patients. This common injury-induced immune response was characterized by an initial adaptive (i.e., physiologic) response engaging all constituents of the immune system (pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine releases, and innate and adaptive immune responses) but not associated with increased risk of secondary infections. In contrary, the persistence in a subgroup of patients of profound immune alterations at the end of the first week after admission was associated with increased risk of secondary infections independently of exposure to invasive devices. The combined monitoring of markers of pro-/anti-inflammatory, innate, and adaptive immune responses allowed a better enrichment of patients with risk of secondary infections in the selected population., Conclusions: Using REAnimation Low Immune Status Marker immunomonitoring panel, we detected delayed injury-acquired immunodeficiency in a subgroup of severely injured patients independently of primary disease. Critically ill patients' immune status could be captured through the combined monitoring of a common panel of complementary markers of pro-/anti-inflammatory, innate, and adaptive immune responses. Such immune monitoring needs to be incorporated in larger study cohorts with more extensive immune surveillance to develop specific hypothesis allowing for identification of biological systems affecting altered immune function related to late infection in the setting of acute systemic injury., Competing Interests: Drs. Textoris, Blein, Moucadel, and Pachot are employees of bioMérieux SA, an in vitro diagnostic company. Drs. Venet, Bouffard, Delwarde, Martin, Girardot, Truc, Monneret, and Rimmelé are employees of Hospices Civils de Lyon. Drs. Venet, Textoris, Blein, Moucadel, Pachot, Monneret, and Rimmelé work in a joint research unit, cofunded by the Hospices Civils de Lyon and bioMérieux. Drs. Venet, Textoris, Pachot, and Monneret are coinventors in patent applications covering the following markers: CX3CR1, CD127, interleukin-10, and S100A9. Drs. Tan and Tipple are employees of and hold stock and shares in GlaxoSmithKline. Dr. Cortez is an employee of Sanofi Pasteur. Dr. Cortez was an employee of Sanofi. Drs. Venet’s, Textoris’s, Blein’s, Rol’s, Canard’s, Tipple’s, Vedrine’s, Martin’s, Girardot’s, Truc’s, Griffiths’s, Pachot’s, and Rimmelé’s institutions received funding from the Agence Nationale de la Recherche through a grant awarded to BIOASTER (ANR-10-AIRT-03), bioMerieux, Sanofi, and GSK. Dr. Bodinier received funding from HCL. Drs. Quemeneur and Moucadel disclosed work for hire. Dr. Quemeneur disclosed that his partner is an employee of Bioaster. Dr. Martin disclosed government work. The remaining authors have disclosed that they do not have any potential conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2021 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All Rights Reserved.)

Published
2022
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16. Evolution of Practices in a French Trauma Centre: Decrease in Blood Transfusions and Fresh Frozen Plasma to Red Blood Cell Ratios.

Author

Pernod C, Fraticelli L, Marcotte G, Floccard B, Girardot T, Claustre C, Khoury CE, and Rimmele T

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the evolution of transfusion practices following the introduction of tranexamic acid (TXA) and ROTEMVR in a trauma resuscitation unit (TRU) from a French teaching hospital (FTH)., Methods: This is a single-centre, retrospective study at a TRU from a FTH. All trauma patients aged 18 years or more and transfused with at least 4 red blood cells (RBCs) within 24 hours after trauma, from 2011 to 2016, were included. The primary objective was to analyse transfusion practices over this time period. The secondary objectives aimed at assessing differences between populations according to the fresh frozen plasma (FFP):RBC ratio applied., Results: A total of 122 patients were included. There was a significant decrease in the proportion of patients requiring at least 4 RBCs 24 hours after trauma (9% vs. 3%, P trend < .0001) as well as a decrease in the proportion of patients with a high FFP:RBC ratio (86% vs. 62% at 6 hours, P trend ¼ .0056 and 86% vs. 56% at 24 hours, P trend ¼ .0047). After 2013, fibrinogen was administered to more than 70% of patients and TXA to 100% of them. The observed mortality was lower than the predicted one, irrespective of FFP:RBC ratio., Conclusion: An important evolution of practices occurred including a decrease in the proportion of transfusions and use of high FFP:RBC ratios. The origin of these changes is multifactorial, likely including the systematic use of TXA and optimisation of the ROTEM protocol for fibrinogen administration.

Published
2021
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17. Blood Purification Techniques for Sepsis and Septic AKI.

Author

Girardot T, Schneider A, and Rimmelé T

Subjects
Humans, Acute Kidney Injury complications, Acute Kidney Injury therapy, Hemofiltration methods, Hemoperfusion methods, Sepsis complications, Sepsis therapy
Abstract

Sepsis is the primary cause of acute kidney injury in critically ill patients. During the past decades, several extracorporeal blood purification techniques have been developed for sepsis and sepsis-induced acute kidney injury management. These therapies could act on both the infectious agent itself and the host immune response. In this article, we review the available literature discussing the different extracorporeal blood purification techniques, including high-volume hemofiltration, cascade hemofiltration, hemoperfusion, coupled plasma filtration adsorption, plasma exchange, and specific optimized renal replacement therapy membranes., (Copyright © 2019. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Published
2019
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18. oXiris® Use in Septic Shock: Experience of Two French Centres.

Author

Schwindenhammer V, Girardot T, Chaulier K, Grégoire A, Monard C, Huriaux L, Illinger J, Leray V, Uberti T, Crozon-Clauzel J, and Rimmelé T

Subjects
Aged, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections blood, Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections mortality, Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections therapy, Hemofiltration instrumentation, Hemofiltration methods, Hospital Mortality, Multiple Organ Failure blood, Multiple Organ Failure mortality, Multiple Organ Failure therapy, Shock, Septic blood, Shock, Septic mortality, Shock, Septic therapy
Abstract

Background: Sepsis is a dysregulated host response to an infection and can result in organ dysfunctions and death. Extracorporeal blood purification techniques aim to improve the prognosis of these patients by modulating the unbalanced immune response. This study reports our experience with the use of the oXiris® membrane for septic shock patients requiring continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT)., Summary: Thirty-one patients were diagnosed with septic shock and underwent CRRT with the oXiris® membrane between 2014 and 2019. We compared the observed hospital mortality with that predicted by the Simplified Acute Physiology Score II (SAPS II). Change in the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score and of the main clinical and biological parameters over time were analyzed. Hospital mortality was lower than predicted for the most severe patients (60 vs. 91% for the [74-87] SAPS II quartile and 70 vs. 98% for the [87-163] SAPS II quartile, p < 0.02). There was no significant improvement in the SOFA score from 0h to 48 h. An 88% relative decrease in norepinephrine infusion was observed (median at 0 h was 1.69 [0.52-2.45] µg/kg/min; at 48 h it was 0.20 [0.09-1.14] µg/kg/min, p = 0.002). Lactataemia and pH were significantly improved over time. Patients with intra-abdominal sepsis as well as those with Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) infections seemed to benefit the most from the therapy. Key Messages: CRRT with the oXiris® haemofilter resulted in higher observed survival than predicted by a severity score (SAPS II) for the most severe patients. Haemodynamic status and lactataemia appeared to improve, especially in intra-abdominal sepsis and GNB infections., (© 2019 The Author(s). Published by S. Karger AG, Basel.)

Published
2019
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19. Dialysis catheters in the ICU: selection, insertion and maintenance.

Author

Girardot T, Monard C, and Rimmelé T

Subjects
Citric Acid, Equipment Design, Humans, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Taurine analogs & derivatives, Thiadiazines, Catheter-Related Infections prevention & control, Catheterization, Central Venous instrumentation, Central Venous Catheters, Intensive Care Units, Renal Dialysis instrumentation
Abstract

Purpose of Review: Choosing the best catheter for renal replacement therapy (RRT) is not an easy task. Beyond catheter length, many of its properties can influence effectiveness of the RRT session. Maintenance between sessions, particularly the locking solution, also impacts catheter lifespan and infection rates., Recent Findings: Many innovations in dialysis catheters have been proposed by the industry over the past decade, including the material used, the shape of the lumens and the position of the inflow and outflow holes. Impregnated catheters have also been developed to prevent catheter-related infections. Many locking solutions are available, either for maintaining catheter patency or for preventing infections., Summary: Although studies conducted in the specific context of the ICU are still scarce, some conclusions can be drawn. Catheter length must be adapted to the insertion site to reach an area of high blood flow. Kidney-shape lumens appear to be less thrombogenic and seem to prevent catheter dysfunction. Catheter tip and lumen holes also affect catheter function. For catheter locking, 4% citrate appears nowadays as one of the best options, but taurolidine-based solutions are also interesting.

Published
2018
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20. Intra-cellular lactate concentration in T lymphocytes from septic shock patients - a pilot study.

Author

Girardot T, Rimmelé T, Monneret G, Textoris J, and Venet F

Abstract

Background: Sepsis-associated hyperlactatemia is a widely used biomarker, associated with initial severity and poor outcomes. This increased circulating lactate concentration has been proposed to result in part from a mismatch between oxygen delivery and demand in organs. However, other mechanisms may participate. In particular, a metabolic reprogramming similar to the Warburg effect initially described in cancer cells could lead to increased lactate production by immune cells such as T lymphocytes after sepsis. The objective of this study was to set up a protocol for lactate measurement in T lymphocytes, and to evaluate whether lactate production by T lymphocytes was increased in septic shock patients., Methods: We first optimized protocols for lactate and pyruvate measurements in T lymphocytes purified from healthy volunteers' blood, either stimulated with phytohaemagglutinine (PHA) or left untreated. We then conducted a pilot study to confirm the feasibility of this protocol in samples from septic shock patients., Results: PHA stimulation induced aerobic glycolysis in human lymphocytes ex vivo, with increased lactate and pyruvate productions. To correctly measure this phenomenon, minimal cell number was 250,000 and optimal culture duration was 40 h. We also observed a significant correlation between lactate concentration in T lymphocytes and in their culture supernatants. We were able to measure lactate concentration in T lymphocytes from septic shock patients. Our preliminary results showed that intra-lymphocyte lactate concentration was not different between patients and healthy volunteers., Conclusion: This protocol should now be tested in a larger cohort of patients. The association between immune cell metabolic reprogramming as measured by lactate concentration in T cells and functionality represents an exciting field for research.

Published
2018
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21. IL-7 Restores T Lymphocyte Immunometabolic Failure in Septic Shock Patients through mTOR Activation.

Author

Venet F, Demaret J, Blaise BJ, Rouget C, Girardot T, Idealisoa E, Rimmelé T, Mallet F, Lepape A, Textoris J, and Monneret G

Subjects
Adenosine Triphosphate metabolism, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cell Proliferation drug effects, Cells, Cultured, Energy Metabolism drug effects, Female, Glucose Transporter Type 1 genetics, Glucose Transporter Type 1 metabolism, Glycolysis drug effects, Humans, Interleukin-7 therapeutic use, Male, Middle Aged, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular, Oxidative Phosphorylation drug effects, Shock, Septic therapy, Sirolimus pharmacology, T-Lymphocytes metabolism, Glucose metabolism, Immunotherapy methods, Interleukin-7 immunology, Shock, Septic immunology, T-Lymphocytes immunology, TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases metabolism
Abstract

T lymphocyte alterations are central to sepsis pathophysiology, whereas related mechanisms remain poorly understood. We hypothesized that metabolic alterations could play a role in sepsis-induced T lymphocyte dysfunction. Samples from septic shock patients were obtained at day 3 and compared with those from healthy donors. T cell metabolic status was evaluated in the basal condition and after T cell stimulation. We observed that basal metabolic content measured in lymphocytes by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was altered in septic patients. Basal ATP concentration, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), and glycolysis pathways in T cells were decreased as well. After stimulation, T lymphocytes from patients failed to induce glycolysis, OXPHOS, ATP production, GLUT1 expression, glucose entry, and proliferation to similar levels as controls. This was associated with significantly altered mTOR, but not Akt or HIF-1α, activation and only minor AMPKα phosphorylation dysfunction. IL-7 treatment improved mTOR activation, GLUT1 expression, and glucose entry in septic patients' T lymphocytes, leading to their enhanced proliferation. mTOR activation was central to this process, because rapamycin systematically inhibited the beneficial effect of recombinant human IL-7. We demonstrate the central role of immunometabolism and, in particular, mTOR alterations in the pathophysiology of sepsis-induced T cell alterations. Our results support the rationale for targeting metabolism in sepsis with recombinant human IL-7 as a treatment option., (Copyright © 2017 by The American Association of Immunologists, Inc.)

Published
2017
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22. Modulation of LILRB2 protein and mRNA expressions in septic shock patients and after ex vivo lipopolysaccharide stimulation.

Author

Venet F, Schilling J, Cazalis MA, Demaret J, Poujol F, Girardot T, Rouget C, Pachot A, Lepape A, Friggeri A, Rimmelé T, Monneret G, and Textoris J

Subjects
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cells, Cultured, Cohort Studies, Female, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Immunomodulation, Lipopolysaccharides immunology, Male, Membrane Glycoproteins genetics, Middle Aged, Receptors, Immunologic genetics, Risk, Shock, Septic mortality, Survival Analysis, Membrane Glycoproteins metabolism, Monocytes immunology, RNA, Messenger genetics, Receptors, Immunologic metabolism, Shock, Septic immunology
Abstract

Septic patients develop immune dysfunctions, the intensities and durations of which are associated with deleterious outcomes. LILRB2 (leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors subfamily B, member 2), an inhibitory member of the LILR family of receptors, is known for its immunoregulatory properties. In a microarray study, we identified LILRB2 as an upregulated gene in septic shock patients. On monocytes primed with LPS ex vivo, LILRB2 mRNA and protein expressions were dose-dependently downregulated and subsequently highly upregulated versus non-stimulated cells. This is concordant with clinical data, since both LILRB2 mRNA and protein expressions were significantly increased in septic shock patients at day 3. In a cohort of more than 700 patients, only after septic shock were LILRB2 mRNA levels increased compared with non-infected or less severely infected patients. This was preceded by a phase of downregulated mRNA expression during the first hours after septic shock. Interestingly, the intensity of this decrease was associated with increased risk of death after septic shock. LILRB2 protein and mRNA expressions are deregulated on monocytes after septic shock and this can be reproduced ex vivo after LPS challenge. Considering LILRB2 inhibitory properties, we can hypothesize that LILRB2 may participate in the altered immune response after septic shock., (Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Published
2017
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23. Biological markers of injury-induced immunosuppression.

Author

Rouget C, Girardot T, Textoris J, Monneret G, RIMMELé T, and Venet F

Abstract

Severe injuries such as severe sepsis, burn, trauma and major surgery lead to an overlapping development of pro- and anti- inflammatory responses. It is now well established that these injuries are associated with the secondary development of immune suppression, which results in significant morbidity and mortality. Recent data suggest that immunostimulatory drugs might prevent these complications. However, intensive care patients are heterogeneous, making patient stratification essential for a targeted treatment. In the present review, we discuss potential biomarkers of injury-induced immunoparalysis, mainly focusing on these that have been associated with poor outcome in various clinical settings. We namely present clinical data on monocyte human leukocyte antigen DR, lymphopenia, PD-1/PD-L1 and transcriptomic approach.

Published
2017
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24. Apoptosis-induced lymphopenia in sepsis and other severe injuries.

Author

Girardot T, Rimmelé T, Venet F, and Monneret G

Subjects
Burns genetics, Burns pathology, Humans, Lymphocytes metabolism, Lymphocytes pathology, Lymphopenia etiology, Lymphopenia pathology, Sepsis complications, Sepsis pathology, Apoptosis genetics, Immune Tolerance genetics, Lymphopenia genetics, Sepsis genetics
Abstract

Sepsis and other acute injuries such as severe trauma, extensive burns, or major surgeries, are usually followed by a period of marked immunosuppression. In particular, while lymphocytes play a pivotal role in immune response, their functions and numbers are profoundly altered after severe injuries. Apoptosis plays a central role in this process by affecting immune response at various levels. Indeed, apoptosis-induced lymphopenia duration and depth have been associated with higher risk of infection and mortality in various clinical settings. Therapies modulating apoptosis represent an interesting approach to restore immune competence after acute injury, although their use in clinical practice still presents several limitations. After briefly describing the apoptosis process in physiology and during severe injuries, we will explore the immunological consequences of injury-induced lymphocyte apoptosis, and describe associations with clinically relevant outcomes in patients. Therapeutic perspectives targeting apoptosis will also be discussed.

Published
2017
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25. An optimized protocol for adenosine triphosphate quantification in T lymphocytes of lymphopenic patients.

Author

Girardot T, Mouillaux J, Idealisoa E, Poujol F, Rouget C, Rimmelé T, Monneret G, Textoris J, and Venet F

Subjects
Anticoagulants pharmacology, Biomarkers blood, Buffers, Cells, Cultured, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Healthy Volunteers, Humans, Lymphopenia diagnosis, Lymphopenia immunology, Phytohemagglutinins pharmacology, Predictive Value of Tests, Reproducibility of Results, T-Lymphocytes drug effects, T-Lymphocytes immunology, Time Factors, Adenosine Triphosphate blood, Blood Specimen Collection methods, Cell Separation methods, Lymphocyte Activation drug effects, Lymphopenia blood, Spectrometry, Fluorescence, T-Lymphocytes metabolism
Abstract

In several clinical contexts, the measurement of ATP concentration in T lymphocytes has been proposed as a biomarker of immune status, predictive of secondary infections. However, the use of such biomarker in lymphopenic patients requires some adaptations in the ATP dosage protocol. We used blood from healthy volunteers to determine the optimal experimental settings. We investigated technical aspects such as the type of anticoagulant for blood sampling, the effect of freeze and thaw cycles, the reagent and sample mixing sequence, and the optimal dilution buffer. We also shortened the incubation time to 8h, and even showed that a 30min incubation may be sufficient. To evaluate the ATP rise upon lymphocyte activation, the optimal dose of stimulant was defined to be 4μg/mL of phytohaemagglutinin. Lastly, we determined that the number of T cells needed for this measurement was as low as 50,000, which is compatible with the existing lymphopenia in clinical settings. This optimized protocol appears ready to be assessed in lymphopenic patients to further investigate the interconnection between T lymphocyte metabolism and impaired phenotype and functions., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Published
2016
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