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Volatile organic compounds have an essential role in globally impactful disease activity and an individual's health condition. Saliva also has volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in its composition, and VOCs are being discovered as possible biomarkers for oral diseases. The present study is conducted to evaluate the effect of dance, games, and exercise on the metabolic profile of human saliva. A total of 68 healthy participants were included in the study. Unstimulated saliva (taken as control, n = 29 for exercise, n = 26 for cricket activity, and n = 13 for dance activity) and stimulated saliva (n = 29 for exercise, n = 26 for cricket activity, and n = 13 for dance activity) were taken before and after all three activities. Those who had any metabolic disorder, such as any cardiovascular disease, eating disorder, or any oral disease, such as mouth dryness, any kind of allergy, or smoking habits, were excluded from the study. Metabolic profiling of saliva was done using the GC-MS technique. There were 21 metabolites discovered before the cricket activity, and 24 metabolites were found after the cricket activity. 13 metabolites were discovered before the dance activity, 16 metabolites were discovered after the dance activity. 11 metabolites were discovered before the exercise activity, and 17 metabolites were discovered after the exercise activity. Lately, new metabolic markers of sports performance and exercise tolerance have been identified by salivary metabolomics. Our study found changes in saliva composition before and after different physical activities. Different metabolites were found before and after the different physical activities. Important metabolites distinguishing in our study were triethyl phosphate, geraniol, citronellol, and tetrapentacontane, 1,54-dibromo-. The area percentage of triethyl phosphate was 20.14% before the cricket activity. The area percentage of geraniol was also changed before and after dance and exercise activity. The area percentage of geraniol was 6.62% before the exercise activity, and after the exercise activity, it was 8.30%. Citronellol was formed after the exercise with an area percentage of 5.64%. The Area percentage of geraniol was 8.78% before and after the dance activity; it was 4.05%. Changes have also been found in the area percentage of tetrapentacontane, 1,54-dibromo- in all three activities.There is a need for research in the field of salivary-derived metabolic biomarkers so that it would be easy to investigate the stage of any disease and further treatment could be done. Saliva is very easy to collect and store, unpainful, compared to blood. Therefore, assessing human health status can be a better biological fluid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-altitude the region represents the extreme climatic condition that may have an adverse effect on body weight and alteration in stress markers of livestock animals. Thus, the aim of our study was to evaluate different morphological traits and biochemical stress markers in different breeds of the goat at Leh-Ladakh, India. In this study, 27 adult female goats of three different breeds like Changthangi—a native breed of high altitude, Sirohi—a low lander breed from the plain area, and Crossbred—Changthangi × Sirohi. After 330 days of rearing, a comparative assessment of the seven different morphological traits and seven biochemical stress markers were analyzed. The MDA level and LDH activity of crossbred goat were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) lower than Changthangi and Sirohi breeds. However, CAT, FRAP, % DPPH, GSH, and β-carotene were found significantly higher in the crossbred as compared to Sirohi and Changthangi breeds. In addition, a significant progressive rise in body weight of crossbred was observed as compared to both the pure breeds. The study concludes that prolonged exposure of high altitude has a lesser adverse effect on the crossbred goat that may be due to an effective body adaptive mechanism against high-altitude-induced oxidative stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]