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Assefa Kumsa, Shimelis Girma, Bezaye Alemu, Liyew Agenagnew Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Science, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Liyew AgenagnewJimma University, 378, Jimma, EthiopiaTel +251 912806976Email liyew2003@gmail.comBackground: Tardive dyskinesia (TD) remains a significant burden especially among patients taking psychotropic medications, and it is associated with adverse effects that can lead to subjective suffering, stigma, poor compliance to medication, and poor quality of life. However, it is unrecognized and overlooked in clinical settings. So, this study aimed to assess the magnitude of tardive dyskinesia and associated factors among mentally ill patients attending follow-up treatment at Jimma University Medical Center Psychiatry clinic, Jimma, Southwest Ethiopia, 2019.Methods: Institutional-based cross-sectional study design was conducted in 417 samples. Participants were selected by systematic random sampling techniques. Data were collected by a semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire, and the document was reviewed to obtain the patient’s profile. Tardive dyskinesia was assessed by using the Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale after informed consent was obtained from respondents. Data entry was done by EpiData version 3.1, and analysis was done by using SPSS 22.0 statistical software. Binary logistic regression and multivariate logistic regression were used to see the association and to identify independent factors at a p-value of < 0.05.Results: Prevalence of drug-induced tardive dyskinesia was 15.4% (CI 95%: 12.0, 19.3). Female, age range between 30 and 44 years, having a diagnosis of major depressive disorder with the psychotic feature, taking chlorpromazine equivalent dose ˃600mg, and taking anticholinergic medications were variables positively associated with tardive dyskinesia, whereas cigarette smoking was negatively associated with tardive dyskinesia.Conclusion: The prevalence of drug-induced tardive dyskinesia in this study was high. Prescribing medications less than 600mg equivalent dose of chlorpromazine, giving attention for female patients, patients having a diagnosis of major depressive disorder, and reducing giving anticholinergic medications will be important measures for clinicians to reduce the occurrence of tardive dyskinesia.Keywords: mental illness, antipsychotics, tardive dyskinesia, Jimma

Background Worldwide, 10–20% of women experience depression during pregnancy. In sub-Saharan countries, depression during pregnancy is estimated to be 15–57%. Even though there is a high burden of depression during pregnancy, little attention has been given to identify sociodemographic and obstetric determinants in diverse populations like Ethiopia. Objective To identify sociodemographic and obstetric determinants of antenatal depression among women attending an antenatal clinic at Jimma Medical Center, southwest Ethiopia. Patients and Methods A case–control study was conducted among 246 pregnant mothers (82 cases and 164 controls) attending an antenatal clinic in Jimma Medical Center from June 1 to August 30, 2019. Antenatal depression was assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory-II. Epidata 3.1 and SPSS v24 were used for data entry and analysis, respectively. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and 95%CIs were estimated using logistic regression models. Statistical significance was set at P

Arefayne Alenko,1 Hiwot Berhanu,2 Amare Abera Tareke,2 Wondu Reta,2 Moyeta Bariso,2 Elias Mulat,2 Chala Kenenisa,2 Wondwossen Debebe,2 Kumale Tolesa,3 Shimelis Girma1 1Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Science, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia; 2Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Science, Institute of Health,, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia; 3Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Science, Institute of Health , Jimma University, Jimma, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Arefayne AlenkoJimma University, Institute of Health, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Science, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia Tel +251 96 767 0149Email arefeaynealenko@gmail.comBackground: Road traffic crashes (RTCs) can cause serious and long-lasting consequences for drivers, both in terms of physical and mental health outcomes. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is the most frequent mental disorder occurring after traumatic exposure. Ethiopian drivers experience RTCs more frequently than other sub-Saharan countries. Despite this prevailing phenomenon, limited attention has been given to PTSD among drivers.Objective: To determine the prevalence of PTSD and associated factors among drivers surviving RTCs in southwest Ethiopia.Methods: A cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted among 402 male drivers who had survived RTCs. The study was conducted in Jimma zone, southwest Ethiopia from March to June, 2019. All drivers who had survived RTCs in the last year were included in the study. The Trauma Screening Questionnaire was used to determine the prevalence of PTSD. Data were entered in EpiData 3.1 and exported to SPSS 24 for analysis.Results: The response rate of the study was 398(99%). Fifty of 398 (12.6%, 95% CI 9.5%–16.1%) met PTSD criteria based on the questionnaire. A history of near-miss RTCs (AOR 3.49, 95% CI 1.89–6.43), depression (AOR 3.32, 95% CI 1.36–5.12), and severe-risk cannabis use (AOR 2.51, 95% CI 1.96–7.52) were significantly associated with PTSD.Conclusion and recommendation: The prevalence of PTSD among drivers surviving RTCs was high compared to the general population. A record of near-miss RTCs, depression, and severe-risk cannabis use shown significant associations with PTSD. Strategies and guidelines must be developed to screen and treat PTSD among drivers surviving RTCs. Drivers with experience of near-miss RTCs, depression, and severe-risk cannabis use should be given priority when screening for PTSD.Keywords: stress disorders, posttraumatic, traffic crash, prevalence, drivers, Ethiopia

Purpose Universities are making changes to fulfill their education, research and community service responsibilities. However, the effectiveness of change initiatives is always in questions because changes especially in developing nations are carried out under multidimensional pressures. Exacerbated by limited experience of systemic change management approaches, most change initiatives fail to address institutional problems. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to propose adaptive design as a promising approach to create adaptive changes in universities. Guided by pragmatic philosophical viewpoint, this research followed a practice theory to understand actions and decisions related to changes. Staffs and students were made to reflect their perception for the principles and tactics extracted from adaptive design and their implementation in the university. In addition, the study tried to identify major challenges to create adaptive changes. In doing so, the research used mixed method–sequential explanatory approach. Survey and interviews were made to gather relevant data. The finding of this research confirm that adaptive design is an excellent alternative approach to create adaptive changes in universities. This may prove the significance of the approach if accepted and scaled up as an alternative change management theory. However, in the target university, leaders and change agents rarely used a change management approach that resembles adaptive design, which in turn may be the reason for failing to bring adaptive changes (deep and pervasive). Consequently, it was reflected that business as usual do not suffice, and hence, universities have to continually update themselves with up-to-date change management approaches like adaptive design. Besides, it was outlined that institutions should revisit why and how they are introducing changes. Design/methodology/approach The study followed mixed research–sequential explanatory approach. Multistage stratified random sampling was used to select respondents which included staffs and students. Questionnaire for 219 respondents and in-depth interviews with purposely selected six relevant interviewees were employed. One sample t-test, ANOVA and content analysis techniques were used to analyze data. Findings The finding of this paper reflected that tenets of adaptive design, its principles and tactics are important tools to lead and institutionalize change initiatives. This may prove the significance of the approach if accepted and scaled up as an alternative change management theory. However, in the target university, leaders and change agents rarely used a change management approach that resembles adaptive design, which, in turn, may be the reason for failing to bring adaptive changes (deep and pervasive) in the institution. Consequently, it was reflected that business as usual does not suffice, and hence, universities have to continually update themselves with up-to-date change management approaches like adaptive design. Besides, it was outlined that institutions should revisit why and how they are introducing changes. Research limitations/implications The basic limitation of this study is the problem of supporting literature evidence from other similar research findings, since the authors hardly find similar research outputs. Besides, this research might probably have a problem of transferability to other organizations, because the samples of this study were too limited given the huge number of staffs, which may not represent the whole population besides the interview was made only with volunteers. Moreover, it was conducted only in universities. For this reason, care must be taken to deduce any of the results to other population. Practical implications The research reflected that the university has to work to build change adaptive culture. In doing so, developing deep investigation and open discussions of challenges are necessary to understand adaptive problems. Besides, the university has to try to use adaptive design as an alternative change management tool, collaborative thinking for creative solutions, using group change strategies, and creating clear communication systems on the types and impacts of changes (meaning making), as well as acquainting staffs with the necessary skills to do adaptive works are among the practical implications forwarded as recommendations. Social implications This research has reflected on the change management approaches of higher education institutions. The social value of universities are determined by their contribution as a result of efforts made to upgrade themselves via various reform initiatives. To enhance the reform/change process, universities are investing huge resources to adopt and implement innovative approaches. However, the change efforts need to be guided by a systemic approach and by introducing adaptive design might contribute a lot for universities to enhance their social contribution. Lessons from adaptive design have implications to overcome challenges associated with human elements like resistance, collaboration, owning and implementing changes, etc. Originality/value This research is originally conducted extracting valuable lessons from adaptive design introduced by Bernstein and Linsky (2016). This investigation has tried to study adaptive design in one of the universities in a developing nation with a major purpose of supporting or refuting the approach. This study tried to capture staffs’ perception for adaptive design approach. Besides, an attempt was made to find out systems that resemble adaptive design in the university’s change management process. Moreover, the common challenges to create adaptive changes were traced. Studying the case in the university and common challenges helped to recommend the need of adaptive design confidently.

Adaptability is crucial for organizational effectiveness and efficiency in this ever-changing precarious environment. Trainings are among the tools to enhance employees’ adaptability. The purpose of this quantitative study was to investigate the impact of change-oriented trainings on employees’ adaptability objectively (positivist perspective). Trainings related to BPR, BSC, and Kaizen were used to prove the hypothesis. The study followed a Correlational approach. Leaders, core process owners and staffs were included via simple random sampling. One sample t test, correlation and regression were used to analyze data. Accordingly, it was found that trainings can significantly influence employees meaning making ability about changes if properly used, which in turn is fundamental to develop employees’ adaptive behavior and skills. However, trainings were not found contributing to enhance adaptability of employees, because trainings were given indiscriminately and skill gaps among employees were ignored. Therefore, it was reflected that the institution should revisit why and how change-oriented trainings are being used.

This qualitative research was aimed at exploring prevailing scenarios related to social justice and social justice leadership as perceived by women and disables in selected public university of Ethiopia. Interpretive phenomenological research method was employed. Ten research participants, including women and people with disabilities, were selected using purposive sampling technique. Data were also collected using semi-structured interviews and focus-group discussions, and analyzed qualitatively using narrations. Accordingly, the research result indicated that participants were not so strange for the concepts related to social justice and social justice leadership albeit their understanding differs. Participants pointed out that community perception towards women and disable people are not so fair and progressive, and tailored policies and strategies are not made available and being implemented in the study context. It was also indicated that different forms of sexual harassments, discomfited classroom buildings, toilets, shower rooms, dining rooms, and distances between classrooms and dormitories were enumerated as major inconveniences and reflection of injustices encountering women and people with disabilities in the study context. On top of this, unjust practices in areas of staff recruitment and promotion in the study context were major challenges identified in this research result. Hence, it is high time for the study context to realize and look critically those discriminatory practices resulting in a lot of injustices among members; and take actions pertinent to national and international agreements and legal frameworks and thereby, ensure social justices in its compound.

Initiating, implementing, and sustaining reforms are the most daunting and challenging aspects of change in higher education institutions. This research argues that to survive and thrive in a changing environment, adaptive capacity is fundamental. Thus, this study aims to serve two purposes. While the leading purpose was measuring the adaptive capacity of universities using a conceptual model developed based on literature review, introducing the critical components that determine adaptive capacity was secondary. Therefore, guided by a pragmatic approach this study has tried to maintain both subjective reflections and objective data during data collection and analysis. Accordingly, to attain the purpose of the study mixed research design particularly, a sequential explanatory approach was used. To gather relevant data from the target population, the questionnaire was distributed and 594 completed and useful questionnaires were returned from 133 leaders at different position, 268 academic staffs and 193 support staffs, which was a 62.06% response rate. Besides, 15 interviews and documents were reviewed. Finally, among the composite indicators approach, structural equation modeling (SEM) mainly principal least square path modeling (PLS-PM) was used to measure and analyze adaptive capacity using XLSTAT software. As a result, the adaptive capacity of universities was found unsatisfactory i.e. lower than moderate. This indicates universities might not fully implement the change ideas they wish to introduce into their system. Consequently, the identified gaps and challenges in the studied universities strengthen the argument for the need to assess universities adaptive capacity using a model and make appropriate intervention before struggling to introduce any change initiative without a fertile ground.

This qualitative research aimed at exploring prevailing scenarios related to social justice and social justice leadership as perceived by women and individuals with disabilities. To conduct the study, interpretive phenomenological research method was employed. In doing so, ten participants, including women and people with disabilities were selected using purposive sampling technique. Data were also collected via semi-structured interviews and focus-group discussions. Thus, the research result indicated that participants were not so strange for the concepts related to social justice and social justice leadership albeit their understanding differed. Moreover, participants pointed out that community perception towards women and persons with disabilities are not so fair and progressive, and tailored policies and strategies are not made available and being implemented in the study context. It was also indicated that different forms of sexual harassments, classroom buildings, toilets, shower rooms, dining rooms and distances between classrooms and dormitories were enumerated as major inconveniences and reflection of injustices encountering women and people with disabilities in the study context. On top of this, unfair and unjust practices in areas of staff recruitment and promotion in the study context were major challenges identified in this research.