Search

We describe the extension, beyond fundamental representations of the Yang-Baxter algebra, of our new construction of separation of variables bases for quantum integrable lattice models. The key idea underlying our approach is to use the commuting conserved charges of the quantum integrable models to generate bases in which their spectral problem is separated, i.e. in which the wave functions are factorized in terms of specific solutions of a functional equation. For the so-called "non-fundamental" models we construct two different types of SoV bases. The first is given from the fundamental quantum Lax operator having isomorphic auxiliary and quantum spaces and that can be obtained by fusion of the original quantum Lax operator. The construction essentially follows the one we used previously for fundamental models and allows us to derive the simplicity and diagonalizability of the transfer matrix spectrum. Then, starting from the original quantum Lax operator and using the full tower of the fused transfer matrices, we introduce a second type of SoV bases for which the proof of the separation of the transfer matrix spectrum is naturally derived. We show that, under some special choice, this second type of SoV bases coincides with the one associated to Sklyanin's approach. Moreover, we derive the finite difference type (quantum spectral curve) functional equation and the set of its solutions defining the complete transfer matrix spectrum. This is explicitly implemented for the integrable quantum models associated to the higher spin representations of the general quasi-periodic Y(gl2) Yang-Baxter algebra. Our SoV approach also leads to the construction of a Q-operator in terms of the fused transfer matrices. Finally, we show that the Q-operator family can be equivalently used as the family of commuting conserved charges enabling to construct our SoV bases., 41 pages, presentation of sections 2 and 4 improved, conclusion section added, some typos corrected, several references added

We explain how to compute correlation functions at zero temperature within the framework of the quantum version of the Separation of Variables (SoV) in the case of a simple model: the XXX Heisenberg chain of spin 1/2 with twisted (quasi-periodic) boundary conditions. We first detail all steps of our method in the case of anti-periodic boundary conditions. The model can be solved in the SoV framework by introducing inhomogeneity parameters. The action of local operators on the eigenstates are then naturally expressed in terms of multiple sums over these inhomogeneity parameters. We explain how to transform these sums over inhomogeneity parameters into multiple contour integrals. Evaluating these multiple integrals by the residues of the poles outside the integration contours, we rewrite this action as a sum involving the roots of the Baxter polynomial plus a contribution of the poles at infinity. We show that the contribution of the poles at infinity vanishes in the thermodynamic limit, and that we recover in this limit for the zero-temperature correlation functions the multiple integral representation that had been previously obtained through the study of the periodic case by Bethe Ansatz or through the study of the infinite volume model by the q-vertex operator approach. We finally show that the method can easily be generalized to the case of a more general non-diagonal twist: the corresponding weights of the different terms for the correlation functions in finite volume are then modified, but we recover in the thermodynamic limit the same multiple integral representation than in the periodic or anti-periodic case, hence proving the independence of the thermodynamic limit of the correlation functions with respect to the particular form of the boundary twist., Some references and comments added, 52 pages

Using the framework of the quantum separation of variables (SoV) for higher rank quantum integrable lattice models [1], we introduce some foundations to go beyond the obtained complete transfer matrix spectrum description, and open the way to the computation of matrix elements of local operators. This first amounts to obtain simple expressions for scalar products of the so-called separate states (transfer matrix eigenstates or some simple generalization of them). In the higher rank case, left and right SoV bases are expected to be pseudo-orthogonal, that is for a given SoV co-vector, there could be more than one non-vanishing overlap with the vectors of the chosen right SoV basis. For simplicity, we describe our method to get these pseudo-orthogonality overlaps in the fundamental representations of the $\mathcal{Y}(gl_3)$ lattice model with $N$ sites, a case of rank 2. The non-zero couplings between the co-vector and vector SoV bases are exactly characterized. While the corresponding SoV-measure stays reasonably simple and of possible practical use, we address the problem of constructing left and right SoV bases which do satisfy standard orthogonality. In our approach, the SoV bases are constructed by using families of conserved charges. This gives us a large freedom in the SoV bases construction, and allows us to look for the choice of a family of conserved charges which leads to orthogonal co-vector/vector SoV bases. We first define such a choice in the case of twist matrices having simple spectrum and zero determinant. Then, we generalize the associated family of conserved charges and orthogonal SoV bases to generic simple spectrum and invertible twist matrices. Under this choice of conserved charges, and of the associated orthogonal SoV bases, the scalar products of separate states simplify considerably and take a form similar to the $\mathcal{Y}(gl_2)$ rank one case., v3, 65 pages, a section "conclusions and perspectives" added, a few typos corrected

We construct quantum Separation of Variables (SoV) bases for both the fundamental inhomogeneous $gl_{\mathcal{M}|\mathcal{N}}$ supersymmetric integrable models and for the inhomogeneous Hubbard model both defined with quasi-periodic twisted boundary conditions given by twist matrices having simple spectrum. The SoV bases are obtained by using the integrable structure of these quantum models,i.e. the associated commuting transfer matrices, following the general scheme introduced in [1]; namely, they are given by set of states generated by the multiple action of the transfer matrices on a generic co-vector. The existence of such SoV bases implies that the corresponding transfer matrices have non degenerate spectrum and that they are diagonalizable with simple spectrum if the twist matrices defining the quasi-periodic boundary conditions have that property. Moreover, in these SoV bases the resolution of the transfer matrix eigenvalue problem leads to the resolution of the full spectral problem, i.e. both eigenvalues and eigenvectors. Indeed, to any eigenvalue is associated the unique (up to a trivial overall normalization) eigenvector whose wave-function in the SoV bases is factorized into products of the corresponding transfer matrix eigenvalue computed on the spectrum of the separate variables. As an application, we characterize completely the transfer matrix spectrum in our SoV framework for the fundamental $gl_{1|2}$ supersymmetric integrable model associated to a special class of twist matrices. From these results we also prove the completeness of the Bethe Ansatz for that case. The complete solution of the spectral problem for fundamental inhomogeneous $gl_{\mathcal{M}|\mathcal{N}}$ supersymmetric integrable models and for the inhomogeneous Hubbard model under the general twisted boundary conditions will be addressed in a future publication., 53 pages, v3 - several footnotes and remarks added, references added and some further typos corrected

We implement our new Separation of Variables (SoV) approach for open quantum integrable models associated to higher rank representations of the reflection algebras. We construct the (SoV) basis for the fundamental representations of the $Y(gl_n)$ reflection algebra associated to general integrable boundary conditions. Moreover, we give the conditions on the boundary $K$-matrices allowing for the transfer matrix to be diagonalizable with simple spectrum. These SoV basis are then used to completely characterize the transfer matrix spectrum for the rank one and two reflection algebras. The rank one case is developed for both the rational and trigonometric fundamental representations of the 6-vertex reflection algebra. On the one hand, we extend the complete spectrum characterization to representations previously lying outside the SoV approach, e.g. those for which the standard Algebraic Bethe Ansatz applies. On the other hand, we show that our new SoV construction can be reduced to the generalized Sklyanin's one whenever it is applicable. The rank two case is developed explicitly for the fundamental representations of the $Y(gl_3)$ reflection algebra associated to general integrable boundary conditions. For both rank one and two our SoV approach leads to a complete characterization of the transfer matrix spectrum in terms of a set of polynomial solutions to the corresponding quantum spectral curve equation. Those are finite difference functional equations of order equal to the rank plus one, i.e., here two and three respectively for the $Y(gl_2)$ and $Y(gl_3)$ reflection algebras., Comment: 52 pages

We apply our new approach of quantum Separation of Variables (SoV) to the complete characterization of the transfer matrix spectrum of quantum integrable lattice models associated to gl(n)-invariant R-matrices in the fundamental representations. We consider lattices with N sites and quasi-periodic boundary conditions associated to an arbitrary twist K having simple spectrum (but not necessarily diagonalizable). In our approach the SoV basis is constructed in an universal manner starting from the direct use of the conserved charges of the models, i.e., from the commuting family of transfer matrices. Using the integrable structure of the models, incarnated in the hierarchy of transfer matrices fusion relations, we prove that our SoV basis indeed separates the spectrum of the corresponding transfer matrices. Moreover, the combined use of the fusion rules, of the known analytic properties of the transfer matrices and of the SoV basis allows us to obtain the complete characterization of the transfer matrix spectrum and to prove its simplicity. Any transfer matrix eigenvalue is completely characterized as a solution of a so-called quantum spectral curve equation that we obtain as a difference functional equation of order n. Namely, any eigenvalue satisfies this equation and any solution of this equation having prescribed properties leads to an eigenvalue. We construct the associated eigenvector, unique up to normalization, by computing its decomposition on the SoV basis that is of a factorized form written in terms of the powers of the corresponding eigenvalues. If the twist matrix K is diagonalizable with simple spectrum then the transfer matrix is also diagonalizable with simple spectrum. In that case, we give a construction of the Baxter Q-operator satisfying a T-Q equation of order n, the quantum spectral curve equation, involving the hierarchy of the fused transfer matrices., Comment: 43 pages, v2: several references added

We present a new approach to construct the separate variables basis leading to the full characterization of the transfer matrix spectrum of quantum integrable lattice models. The basis is generated by the repeated action of the transfer matrix itself on a generically chosen state of the Hilbert space. The fusion relations for the transfer matrix, stemming from the Yang-Baxter algebra properties, provide the necessary closure relations to define the action of the transfer matrix on such a basis in terms of elementary local shifts, leading to a separate transfer matrix spectral problem. Hence our scheme extends to the quantum case a key feature of Liouville-Arnold classical integrability framework where the complete set of conserved charges defines both the level manifold and the flows on it leading to the construction of action-angle variables. We work in the framework of the quantum inverse scattering method. As a first example of our approach, we give the construction of such a basis for models associated to Y(gln) and argue how it extends to their trigonometric and elliptic versions. Then we show how our general scheme applies concretely to fundamental models associated to the Y(gl2) and Y(gl3) R-matrices leading to the full characterization of their spectrum. For Y(gl2) and its trigonometric deformation a particular case of our method reproduces Sklyanin's construction of separate variables. For Y(gl3) it gives new results, in particular through the proper identification of the shifts acting on the separate basis. We stress that our method also leads to the full characterization of the spectrum of other known quantum integrable lattice models, including in particular trigonometric and elliptic spin chains, open chains with general integrable boundaries, and further higher rank cases that we will describe in forthcoming publications., 61 pages, v2: small typos corrected and some references added

This article is a direct continuation of [1] where we begun the study of the transfer matrix spectral problem for the cyclic representations of the trigonometric 6-vertex reflection algebra associated to the Bazhanov-Stroganov Lax operator. There we addressed this problem for the case where one of the K-matrices describing the boundary conditions is triangular. In the present article we consider the most general integrable boundary conditions, namely the most general boundary K-matrices satisfying the reflection equation. The spectral analysis is developed by implementing the method of Separation of Variables (SoV). We first design a suitable gauge transformation that enable us to put into correspondence the spectral problem for the most general boundary conditions with another one having one boundary K-matrix in a triangular form. In these settings the SoV resolution can be obtained along an extension of the method described in [1]. The transfer matrix spectrum is then completely characterized in terms of the set of solutions to a discrete system of polynomial equations in a given class of functions and equivalently as the set of solutions to an analogue of Baxter's T-Q functional equation. We further describe scalar product properties of the separate states including eigenstates of the transfer matrix., 52 pages, v2: minor modifications and references added

In this paper we consider the spin 1/2 highest weight representations for the 6-vertex Yang-Baxter algebra on a finite lattice and analyze the integrable quantum models associated to the antiperiodic transfer matrix. For these models, which in the homogeneous limit reproduces the XXZ spin 1/2 quantum chains with antiperiodic boundary conditions, we obtain in the framework of Sklyanin's quantum separation of variables (SOV) the following results: I) The complete characterization of the transfer matrix spectrum (eigenvalues/eigenstates) and the proof of its simplicity. II) The reconstruction of all local operators in terms of Sklyanin's quantum separate variables. III) One determinant formula for the scalar products of separates states, the elements of the matrix in the scalar product are sums over the SOV spectrum of the product of the coefficients of the states. IV) The form factors of the local spin operators on the transfer matrix eigenstates by a one determinant formula given by simple modifications of the scalar product formula., Comment: 29 pages

We study the transfer matrix spectral problem for the cyclic representations of the trigonometric 6-vertex reflection algebra associated to the Bazhanov-Stroganov Lax operator. The results apply as well to the spectral analysis of the lattice sine-Gordon model with integrable open boundary conditions. This spectral analysis is developed by implementing the method of separation of variables (SoV). The transfer matrix spectrum (both eigenvalues and eigenstates) is completely characterized in terms of the set of solutions to a discrete system of polynomial equations in a given class of functions. Moreover, we prove an equivalent characterization as the set of solutions to a Baxter's like T-Q functional equation and rewrite the transfer matrix eigenstates in an algebraic Bethe ansatz form. In order to explain our method in a simple case, the present paper is restricted to representations containing one constraint on the boundary parameters and on the parameters of the Bazhanov-Stroganov Lax operator. In a next article, some more technical tools (like Baxter's gauge transformations) will be introduced to extend our approach to general integrable boundary conditions., Comment: 39 pages, minor misprints corrected, some references added

In our previous paper [1] we have obtained, for the XXX spin-1/2 Heisenberg open chain, new determinant representations for the scalar products of separate states in the quantum separation of variables (SoV) framework. In this article we perform a similar study in a more complicated case: the XXZ open spin-1/2 chain with the most general integrable boundary terms. To solve this model by means of SoV we use an algebraic Vertex-IRF gauge transformation reducing one of the boundary K-matrices to a diagonal form. As usual within the SoV approach, the scalar products of separate states are computed in terms of dressed Vandermonde determinants having an intricate dependency on the inhomogeneity parameters. We show that these determinants can be transformed into different ones in which the homogeneous limit can be taken straightforwardly. These representations generalize in a non-trivial manner to the trigonometric case the expressions found previously in the rational case. We also show that generically all scalar products can be expressed in a form which is similar to - although more cumbersome than - the well-known Slavnov determinant representation for the scalar products of the Bethe states of the periodic chain. Considering a special choice of the boundary parameters relevant in the thermodynamic limit to describe the half infinite chain with a general boundary, we particularize these representations to the case of one of the two states being an eigenstate. We obtain simplified formulas that should be of direct use to compute the form factors and correlation functions of this model., 55 pages

Recently a one-dimensional closed ladder of Josephson junctions has been studied (G. Cristofano et al., Phys. Lett. A 372 (2008) 2464) within a twisted conformal field theory (CFT) approach (G. Cristofano et al., Mod. Phys. Lett. A 15 (2000) 1679; Nucl. Phys. B 641 (2002) 547) and shown to develop the phenomenon of flux fractionalization (G. Cristofano et al., Eur. Phys. J. B 49 (2006) 83). That led us to predict the emergence of a topological order in such a system (G. Cristofano et al., JSTAT (2005) P03006). In this letter we analyze the ground states and the topological properties of fully frustrated Josephson junction arrays (JJA) arranged in a Corbino disk geometry for a variety of boundary conditions. In particular minimal configurations of fully frustrated JJA are considered and shown to exhibit the properties needed in order to build up a solid state qubit, protected from decoherence. The stability and transformation properties of the ground states of the JJA under adiabatic magnetic flux changes are analyzed in detail in order to provide a tool for the manipulation of the proposed qubit., Comment: 24 pages, 4 figures

We consider the XXX open spin-1/2 chain with the most general non-diagonal boundary terms, that we solve by means of the quantum separation of variables (SoV) approach. We compute the scalar products of separate states, a class of states which notably contains all the eigenstates of the model. As usual for models solved by SoV, these scalar products can be expressed as some determinants with a non-trivial dependance in terms of the inhomogeneity parameters that have to be introduced for the method to be applicable. We show that these determinants can be transformed into alternative ones in which the homogeneous limit can easily be taken. These new representations can be considered as generalizations of the well-known determinant representation for the scalar products of the Bethe states of the periodic chain. In the particular case where a constraint is applied on the boundary parameters, such that the transfer matrix spectrum and eigenstates can be characterized in terms of polynomial solutions of a usual T-Q equation, the scalar product that we compute here corresponds to the scalar product between two off-shell Bethe-type states. If in addition one of the states is an eigenstate, the determinant representation can be simplified, hence leading in this boundary case to direct analogues of algebraic Bethe ansatz determinant representations of the scalar products for the periodic chain., Comment: 39 pages

We consider general cyclic representations of the 6-vertex Yang-Baxter algebra and analyze the associated quantum integrable systems, the Bazhanov-Stroganov model and the corresponding chiral Potts model on finite size lattices. We first determine the propagator operator in terms of the chiral Potts transfer matrices and we compute the scalar product of separate states (including the transfer matrix eigenstates) as a single determinant formulae in the framework of Sklyanin's quantum separation of variables. Then, we solve the quantum inverse problem and reconstruct the local operators in terms of the separate variables. We also determine a basis of operators whose form factors are characterized by a single determinant formulae. This implies that the form factors of any local operator are expressed as finite sums of determinants. Among these form factors written in determinant form are in particular those which will reproduce the chiral Potts order parameters in the thermodynamic limit., Comment: 45 pages

Recently A. Zamolodchikov obtained a series of identities for the expectation values of the composite operator TT¯ constructed from the components of the energy–momentum tensor in two-dimensional quantum field theory. We show that if the theory is integrable the addition of a requirement of factorization at high energies can lead to the exact determination of the generic matrix element of this operator on the asymptotic states. The construction is performed explicitly in the Lee–Yang model.

We pursue our study of the antiperiodic dynamical 6-vertex model using Sklyanin's separation of variables approach, allowing in the model new possible global shifts of the dynamical parameter. We show in particular that the spectrum and eigenstates of the antiperiodic transfer matrix are completely characterized by a system of discrete equations. We prove the existence of different reformulations of this characterization in terms of functional equations of Baxter's type. We notably consider the homogeneous functional $T$-$Q$ equation which is the continuous analog of the aforementioned discrete system and show, in the case of a model with an even number of sites, that the complete spectrum and eigenstates of the antiperiodic transfer matrix can equivalently be described in terms of a particular class of its $Q$-solutions, hence leading to a complete system of Bethe equations. Finally, we compute the form factors of local operators for which we obtain determinant representations in finite volume., Comment: 52 pages

28 pages; International audience; We solve the longstanding problem to define a functional characterization of the spectrum of the transfer matrix associated to the most general spin-1/2 representations of the 6-vertex reflection algebra for general inhomogeneous chains. The corresponding homogeneous limit reproduces the spectrum of the Hamiltonian of the spin-1/2 open XXZ and XXX quantum chains with the most general integrable boundaries. The spectrum is characterized by a second order finite difference functional equation of Baxter type with an inhomogeneous term which vanishes only for some special but yet interesting non-diagonal boundary conditions. This functional equation is shown to be equivalent to the known separation of variable (SOV) representation hence proving that it defines a complete characterization of the transfer matrix spectrum. The polynomial character of the Q-function allows us then to show that a finite system of equations of generalized Bethe type can be similarly used to describe the complete transfer matrix spectrum.

We show how the low-energy properties of the 2-leg XXZ spin-1/2 ladders with general anisotropy parameter $\Delta $ on closed geometries can be accounted for in the framework of the m-reduction procedure developed in [1]. In the limit of quasi-decoupled chains, a conformal field theory (CFT) with central charge c=2 is derived and its ability to describe the model with different boundary conditions is shown. Special emphasis is given to the Mobius boundary conditions which generate a topological defect corresponding to non trivial single-spinon excitations. Then, in the case of the 2-leg XXX ladders we discuss in detail the role of various perturbations in determining the renormalization group flow starting from the ultraviolet (UV) critical point with c=2., Comment: 23 pages, 5 figures; J. Stat. Mech.: Theory Exp. (2008), in print

Generic inhomogeneous integrable XXZ chains with arbitrary spins are studied by means of the quantum separation of variables (SOV) method. Within this framework, a complete description of the spectrum (eigenvalues and eigenstates) of the antiperiodic transfer matrix is derived in terms of discrete systems of equations involving the inhomogeneity parameters of the model. We show here that one can reformulate this discrete SOV characterization of the spectrum in terms of functional T-Q equations of Baxter's type, hence proving the completeness of the solutions to the associated systems of Bethe-type equations. More precisely, we consider here two such reformulations. The first one is given in terms of Q-solutions, in the form of trigonometric polynomials of a given degree $N_s$, of a one-parameter family of T-Q functional equations with an extra inhomogeneous term. The second one is given in terms of Q-solutions, again in the form of trigonometric polynomials of degree $N_s$ but with double period, of Baxter's usual (i.e. without extra term) T-Q functional equation. In both cases, we prove the precise equivalence of the discrete SOV characterization of the transfer matrix spectrum with the characterization following from the consideration of the particular class of Q-solutions of the functional T-Q equation: to each transfer matrix eigenvalue corresponds exactly one such Q-solution and vice versa, and this Q-solution can be used to construct the corresponding eigenstate., Comment: 38 pages

We use the quantum separation of variable (SOV) method to construct the eigenstates of the open XXZ chain with the most general boundary terms. The eigenstates in the inhomogeneous case are constructed in terms of solutions of a system of quadratic equations. This SOV representation permits us to compute scalar products and can be used to calculate form factors and correlation functions., 32 pages

The analysis of the transfer matrices associated to the most general representations of the 8-vertex reflection algebra on spin-1/2 chains is here implemented by introducing a quantum separation of variables (SOV) method which generalizes to these integrable quantum models the method first introduced by Sklyanin. More in detail, for the representations reproducing in their homogeneous limits the open XYZ spin-1/2 quantum chains with the most general integrable boundary conditions, we explicitly construct representations of the 8-vertex reflection algebras for which the transfer matrix spectral problem is separated. Then, in these SOV representations we get the complete characterization of the transfer matrix spectrum (eigenvalues and eigenstates) and its non-degeneracy. Moreover, we present the first fundamental step toward the characterization of the dynamics of these models by deriving determinant formulae for the matrix elements of the identity on separated states, which apply in particular to transfer matrix eigenstates. The comparison of our analysis for the 8-vertex reflection algebra with that of [1, 2] for the 6-vertex one leads to the interesting remark that a profound similarity in both the characterization of the spectral problems and of the scalar products exists for these two different realizations of the reflection algebra once they are described by SOV method. As it will be shown in a future publication, this remarkable similarity will be at the basis of the simultaneous determination of form factors of local operators of integrable quantum models associated to general reflection algebra representations of both 8-vertex and 6-vertex type., Comment: 37 pages

We develop a method for computing form factors of local operators in the framework of Sklyanin's separation of variables (SOV) approach to quantum integrable systems. For that purpose, we consider the sine-Gordon model on a finite lattice and in finite dimensional cyclic representations as our main example. We first build our two central tools for computing matrix elements of local operators, namely, a generic determinant formula for the scalar products of states in the SOV framework and the reconstruction of local fields in terms of the separate variables. The general form factors are then obtained as sums of determinants of finite dimensional matrices, their matrix elements being given as weighted sums running over the separate variables and involving the Baxter Q-operator eigenvalues., Comment: 43 pages

The antiperiodic transfer matrix associated to higher spin representations of the rational 6-vertex Yang-Baxter algebra is analyzed by generalizing the approach introduced recently in [1], for the cyclic representations, in [2], for the spin-1/2 highest weight representations, and in [3], for the spin 1/2 representations of the reflection algebra. Here, we derive the complete characterization of the transfer matrix spectrum and we prove its simplicity in the framework of Sklyanin's quantum separation of variables (SOV). Then, the characterization of local operators by Sklyanin's quantum separate variables and the expression of the scalar products of separates states by determinant formulae allow to compute the form factors of the local spin operators by one determinant formulae similar to the scalar product ones. Finally, let us comment that these results represent the SOV analogous in the antiperiodic higher spin XXX quantum chains of the results obtained for the periodic chains in [4] in the framework of the algebraic Bethe ansatz., 20 pages, introduction improved by taking into account some relevant references on the spectrum of the model under general boundary conditions, no further relevant modifications

The most general cyclic representations of the quantum integrable tau_2-model are analyzed. The complete characterization of the tau_2-spectrum (eigenvalues and eigenstates) is achieved in the framework of Sklyanin's Separation of Variables (SOV) method by extending and adapting the ideas first introduced in [1, 2]: i) The determination of the tau_2-spectrum is reduced to the classification of the solutions of a given functional equation in a class of polynomials. ii) The determination of the tau_2-eigenstates is reduced to the classification of the solutions of an associated Baxter equation. These last solutions are proven to be polynomials for a quite general class of tau_2-self-adjoint representations and the completeness of the associated Bethe ansatz type equations is derived. Finally, the following results are derived for the inhomogeneous chiral Potts model: i) Simplicity of the spectrum, for general representations. ii) Complete characterization of the chiral Potts spectrum (eigenvalues and eigenstates) and completeness of Bethe ansatz type equations, for the self-adjoint representations of tau_2-model on the chiral Potts algebraic curves., 40 pages. Minor modifications in the text and some notations

In [1] an integrable quantum model was introduced and a class of its cyclic representations was proven to define lattice regularizations of the Sine-Gordon model. Here, we analyze general cyclic representations of this integrable quantum model by extending the spectrum construction introduced in [2] in the framework of the Separation of Variables (SOV) of Sklyanin. We show that as in [1] also for general representations, the transfer matrix spectrum (eigenvalues and eigenstates) is completely characterized in terms of polynomial solutions of an associated functional Baxter equation. Moreover, we prove that the method here developed has two fundamental built-in features: i) the completeness of the set of the transfer matrix eigenstates constructed from the solutions of the associated Bethe ansatz equations, ii) the existence and complete characterization of the Baxter Q-operator., 38 pages, two references added, minor modifications

In [1], the spectrum (eigenvalues and eigenstates) of a lattice regularizations of the Sine-Gordon model has been completely characterized in terms of polynomial solutions with certain properties of the Baxter equation. This characterization for cyclic representations has been derived by the use of the Separation of Variables (SOV) method of Sklyanin and by the direct construction of the Baxter Q-operator family. Here, we reconstruct the Baxter Q-operator and the same characterization of the spectrum by only using the SOV method. This analysis allows us to deduce the main features required for the extension to cyclic representations of other integrable quantum models of this kind of spectrum characterization., 25 pages, Version published on Nucl.Phys. B; no formula changed, some references added together with Appendix B.

In the present article we study the form factors of quantum integrable lattice models solvable by the separation of variables (SoV) method. It was recently shown that these models admit universal determinant representations for the scalar products of the so-called separate states (a class which includes in particular all the eigenstates of the transfer matrix). These results permit to obtain simple expressions for the matrix elements of local operators (form factors). However, these representations have been obtained up to now only for the completely inhomogeneous versions of the lattice models considered. In this article we give a simple algebraic procedure to rewrite the scalar products (and hence the form factors) for the SoV related models as Izergin or Slavnov type determinants. This new form leads to simple expressions for the form factors in the homogeneous and thermodynamic limits. To make the presentation of our method clear, we have chosen to explain it first for the simple case of the $XXX$ Heisenberg chain with anti-periodic boundary conditions. We would nevertheless like to stress that the approach presented in this article applies as well to a wide range of models solved in the SoV framework., 46 pages

We consider the XXZ spin chain with diagonal boundary conditions in the framework of algebraic Bethe Ansatz. Using the explicit computation of the scalar products of Bethe states and a revisited version of the bulk inverse problem, we calculate the elementary building blocks for the correlation functions. In the limit of half-infinite chain, they are obtained as multiple integrals of usual functions, similar to the case of periodic boundary conditions., Comment: 44 pages

We study the inhomogeneous eight-vertex model (or equivalently the XYZ Heisenberg spin-1/2 chain) with all kinds of integrable quasi-periodic boundary conditions: periodic, -twisted, -twisted or -twisted. We show that in all these cases but the periodic one with an even number of sites , the transfer matrix of the model is related, by the vertex-IRF transformation, to the transfer matrix of the dynamical six-vertex model with antiperiodic boundary conditions, which we have recently solved by means of Sklyanin's separation of variables approach. We show moreover that, in all the twisted cases, the vertex-IRF transformation is bijective. This allows us to completely characterize, from our previous results on the antiperiodic dynamical six-vertex model, the twisted eight-vertex transfer matrix spectrum (proving that it is simple) and eigenstates. We also consider the periodic case for odd. In this case we can define two independent vertex-IRF transformations, both not bijective, and by using them we show that the eight-vertex transfer matrix spectrum is doubly degenerate, and that it can, as well as the corresponding eigenstates, also be completely characterized in terms of the spectrum and eigenstates of the dynamical six-vertex antiperiodic transfer matrix. In all these cases we can adapt to the eight-vertex case the reformulations of the dynamical six-vertex transfer matrix spectrum and eigenstates that had been obtained by T–Q functional equations, where the Q-functions are elliptic polynomials with twist-dependent quasi-periods. Such reformulations enable one to characterize the eight-vertex transfer matrix spectrum by the solutions of some Bethe-type equations, and to rewrite the corresponding eigenstates as the multiple action of some operators on a pseudo-vacuum state, in a similar way as in the algebraic Bethe ansatz framework.

The composite operator T\bar{T}, obtained from the components of the energy-momentum tensor, enjoys a quite general characterization in two-dimensional quantum field theory also away from criticality. We use the form factor bootstrap supplemented by asymptotic conditions to determine its matrix elements in the sinh-Gordon model. The results extend to the breather sector of the sine-Gordon model and to the minimal models M_{2/(2N+3)} perturbed by the operator phi_{1,3}., 29 pages

Following a suggestion given in Nucl. Phys. B 300 (1988)611,we show how the U(1)*Z_{2} symmetry of the fully frustrated XY (FFXY) model on a square lattice can be accounted for in the framework of the m-reduction procedure developed for a Quantum Hall system at "paired states" fillings nu =1 (cfr. Cristofano et al.,Mod. Phys. Lett. A 15 (2000)1679;Nucl. Phys. B 641 (2002)547). The resulting twisted conformal field theory (CFT) with central charge c=2 is shown to well describe the physical properties of the FFXY model. In particular the whole phase diagram is recovered by analyzing the flow from the Z_{2} degenerate vacuum of the c=2 CFT to the infrared fixed point unique vacuum of the c=3/2 CFT. The last theory is known to successfully describe the critical behavior of the system at the overlap temperature for the Ising and vortex-unbinding transitions., Comment: 18 pages, 1 figure, to appear in JSTAT

Following a suggestion given in Phys. Lett. B 571(2003) 621, we show how a bilayer Quantum Hall system at fillings nu =1/p+1 can exhibit a point-like topological defect in its edge state structure. Indeed our CFT theory for such a system, the Twisted Model (TM), gives rise in a natural way to such a feature in the twisted sector. Our results are in agreement with recent experimental findings (Phys. Rev. B 72 (2005) 041305) which evidence the presence of a topological defect in the transport properties of the bilayer system., Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures; talk given by A. Naddeo at "X Training Course in the Physics of Correlated Electron Systems and High-Tc Superconductors, Vietri sul Mare (SA),Italy, 3-14 October 2005

We show how the recently proposed effective theory for a Quantum Hall system at "paired states" filling v=1 (Mod. Phys. Lett. A 15 (2000) 1679; Nucl. Phys. B641 (2002) 547), the twisted model (TM), well adapts to describe the phenomenology of Josephson Junction ladders (JJL) in the presence of defects. In particular it is shown how naturally the phenomenon of flux fractionalization takes place in such a description and its relation with the discrete symmetries present in the TM. Furthermore we focus on closed geometries, which enable us to analyze the topological properties of the ground state of the system in relation to the presence of half flux quanta., 16 pages, 2 figure, Latex, revised version

Following a suggestion given in Phys. Lett. B 571 (2003) 250, we show how a bilayer Quantum Hall system at fillings nu =m/pm+2 can exhibit a point-like topological defect in its edge state structure. Indeed our CFT theory for such a system, the Twisted Model (TM), gives rise in a natural way to such a feature in the twisted sector. Our results are in agreement with recent experimental findings (cond-mat/0503478) which evidence the presence of a topological defect in the bilayer system., Comment: 9 pages, 3 figures

We analyze the modular properties of the effective CFT description for paired states, proposed in cond-mat/0003453, corresponding to the non-standard filling nu =1/(p+1). We construct its characters for the twisted and the untwisted sector and the diagonal partition function. We show that the degrees of freedom entering our partition function naturally go to complete a Z_2-orbifold construction of the CFT for the Halperin state. Different behaviours for the p even and p odd cases are also studied. Finally it is shown that the tunneling phenomenon selects out a twist invariant CFT which is identified with the Moore-Read model., 24 pages, 1 figure, Latex

We analyze the modular properties of the effective CFT description for Jain plateaux corresponding to the fillings nu=m/(2pm+1). We construct its characters for the twisted and the untwisted sector and the diagonal partition function. We show that the degrees of freedom entering the partition function go to complete a Z_{m}-orbifold construction of the RCFT U(1)xSU(m)$ proposed for the Jain states. The resulting extended algebra of the chiral primary fields can be also viewed as a RCFT extension of the U(1)xW(m) minimal models. For m=2 we prove that our model, the TM, gives the RCFT closure of the extended minimal models U(1)xW(2)., Comment: 27 pages, Latex, JHEP style, no figures

The spin-1/2 highest weight representations of the dynamical six-vertex and the standard eight-vertex Yang‐Baxter algebra on a finite chain are considered in this paper. In particular, the integrable quantum models associated with the corresponding transfer matrices under antiperiodic boundary conditions for the dynamical six-vertex case and periodic boundary conditions for the eightvertexcaseareanalyzedhere.Fortheantiperiodicdynamicalsix-vertextransfer matrix defined on chains with an odd number of sites, we adapt Sklyanin’s quantum separation of variable (SOV) method and explicitly construct the SOV representations from the original space of the representations. In this way, we provide the complete characterization of the eigenvalues and the eigenstates proving also the simplicity of its spectrum. Moreover, we characterize the matrix elements of the identity on separated states of this model by determinant formulae. The matrices entering these determinants have elements given by sums over the SOV spectrum of the product of the coefficients of the separate states. This SOV analysis is done without any need to be reduced to the case of the so-called elliptic roots of unit, and the results derived here define the required setup to extend to the dynamical six-vertex model the approach recently developed by the author and collaborators to compute the form factors of the local operators in the SOV framework. For the periodic eight-vertex transfer matrix, we prove that its eigenvalues have to satisfy a fixed system of equations. In the case of a chain with an odd number of sites, this system of equations is the same entering in the SOV characterization of the antiperiodic dynamical six-vertex transfer matrix spectrum. This implies that the set of the periodic eight-vertex eigenvalues is contained in the set of the antiperiodic dynamical six-vertex eigenvalues. A criterion is introduced to find simultaneous eigenvalues of these two transfer matrices and associate with any of such eigenvalues one nonzero eigenstate of the periodic eight-vertex transfer matrix by using the SOV results. Moreover, a preliminary discussion

We study integrable lattice regularizations of the sine-Gordon model with the help of the separation of variables method of Sklyanin and the Baxter Q-operators. This leads us to the complete characterization of the spectrum (eigenvalues and eigenstates), in terms of the solutions to the Bethe ansatz equations. The completeness of the set of states that can be constructed from the solutions to the Bethe ansatz equations is proven by our approach., Comment: 44 pages, presentation improved, no result changed

We found new identities among the Dedekind eta-function, the characters of the W_{m} algebra and those of the level 1 affine Lie algebra su(m)_{1}. They allow to characterize the Z_{m}-orbifold of the m-component free bosons u(1)_{K_{m,p}} (our theory TM) as an extension of the fully degenerate representations of W_{1+infty}^{(m)}. In particular, TM is proven to be a Gamma _{theta}-RCFT extension of the chiral fully degenerate W_{1+infty}^{(m)}., 37 pages, minor revisions, one definition added, no formula or result has been modified

The form factors of the descendant operators in the massive Lee-Yang model are determined up to level 7. This is first done by exploiting the conserved quantities of the integrable theory to generate the solutions for the descendants starting from the lowest non-trivial solutions in each operator family. We then show that the operator space generated in this way, which is isomorphic to the conformal one, coincides, level by level, with that implied by the $S$-matrix through the form factor bootstrap. The solutions we determine satisfy asymptotic conditions carrying the information about the level that we conjecture to hold for all the operators of the model., 23 pages

The issue of the number, nature and sequence of phase transitions in the fully frustrated XY (FFXY) model is a highly non trivial one due to the complex interplay between its continuous and discrete degrees of freedom. In this contribution we attack such a problem by means of a twisted conformal field theory (CFT) approach and show how it gives rise to the U (1)$\otimes Z_{2}$ symmetry and to the whole spectrum of excitations of the FFXY model., Comment: 7 pages; talk given by G. Niccoli at "Path Integrals - New Trends and Perspectives International Conference", Max-Planck-Institut, Dresden, Germany, September 23 - 28, 2007

The work of this thesis belongs to the studies of quantum integrable models on the one-dimensional lattice. It focuses on the development of a new quantum separation of variables method for these particular models. This approach aims to characterise the transfer matrix spectrum—which contains all the conserved quantities responsible for the integrability of such systems—by constructing a so-called separate basis of the Hilbert space of the system, enabling the reduction of its spectral problem with N coupled variables, N big or even infinite, in N independent one-variable spectral problems. The wave functions of the eigenstates are then products of N one-variable wave functions. A recent advance in this context was the construction of such bases from the transfer matrix itself, and the characterisation of the spectrum by the fusion equations stemming from the representation theory of the underlying symmetry algebra. Here, we obtain this construction for supersymmetric gl(m|n) integrable models. For the gl(1|2) case with specific quasi-periodic boundary conditions, it allows us to characterize completely the spectrum in terms of solutions of a discrete system of finite difference cubic equations, but also and equivalently with a functional equation called the quantum spectral curve. We also compute scalar products between separate states in higher rank integrable models, determining the measure associated to separate bases. For the gl(3) model, this measure is pseudo-orthogonal and we characterize it completely. We also put forward a family of conserved quantities that construct a basis and its dual, both separate and orthogonal from each others, simplifying the computation of scalar products between separate states. This paves the ways towards the computation of form factors and correlation functions of such systems in the quantum separation of variables settings.; Le travail de cette thèse se situe dans le cadre de l’étude des modèles intégrables quantiques unidimensionnels sur réseau. Il est consacré au développement d’une nouvelle méthode de séparation de variables quantiques pour ces modèles. Cette approche vise à caractériser le spectre de la matrice de transfert qui contient l’ensemble des quantités conservées responsables de l’intégrabilité de tels modèles en construisant une base dite séparée de l’espace de Hilbert du système, permettant de réduire son problème spectral à N variables couplées, N grand voire infini, en N problèmes spectraux indépendants à une variable. Les fonctions d’ondes des états propres sont alors des produits de N fonctions d’onde à une variable. Une avancée récente a été la construction de telles bases à partir de la matrice de transfert elle-même, et la caractérisation du spectre via des équations de fusion découlant de la théorie des représentations de l’algèbre quantique de symétrie sous-jacente. Nous avons obtenu cette construction pour des modèles intégrables super-symétriques gl(m|n). Pour le cas gl(1|2) avec certaines conditions aux bords quasi-périodiques, cela nous a permis de caractériser complètement le spectre en termes de solutions d’un système discret d’équations cubiques aux différences finies, ainsi que de façon équivalente par une équation fonctionnelle appelée courbe spectrale quantique. Nous avons ensuite calculé des produits scalaires entre états séparés dans les modèles intégrables de plus haut rang, ce qui détermine la mesure associée aux bases séparées. Pour le modèle gl(3), cette mesure est pseudo-orthogonale et nous l’avons caractérisée complètement. Nous avons aussi proposé une famille de quantités conservées construisant une base et sa duale, toutes deux séparées et orthogonales l’une de l’autre, simplifiant ainsi les produits scalaires entre états séparées. Cela ouvre la voie au calcul des facteurs de forme et des fonctions de corrélation de ces systèmes.