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7. Augmented reality (AR) in minimally invasive surgery (MIS) training: where are we now in Italy? The Italian Society of Endoscopic Surgery (SICE) ARMIS survey

Author

Balla, Andrea, Sartori, Alberto, Botteri, Emanuele, Podda, Mauro, Ortenzi, Monica, Silecchia, Gianfranco, Guerrieri, Mario, Agresta, Ferdinando, Antonino, Agrusa, Daniele, Aguzzi, Mariantonietta, Alagia, Laura, Alberici, Marco Ettore Allaix, Luisa, Ambrosio, Alfonso, Amendola, Michele, Ammendola, Pietro Maria Amodio, Gabriele, Anania, Jacopo, Andreuccetti, Alfredo, Annichiarico, Pietro, Anoldo, Alessandro, Anselmo, Giovanni, Aprea, Giacomo, Arcuri, Alberto, Arezzo, Giulia, Armatura, Giulia, Bagaglini, Francesco, Bagolini, Beatrice, Bailetti, Gianluca, Baiocchi, Edoardo, Baldini, Elisa, Bannone, Mirko, Barone, Gianluca, Baronio, Raffaele, Basile, Bellucci, Marco, Andrea Benedetti Cacciaguerra, Ilaria, Benzoni, Francesco, Bianco, Giuseppe, Boccia, Cristina, Bombardini, Luigi, Boni, Dario, Bono, Luca Domenico Bonomo, Giulia, Bonventre, Andrea, Bottari, Claudio, Botti, Giacomo, Brentegani, Mattia, Buonomo, Umberto, Bracale, Cosimo, Callari, Luca, Calligaris, Pietro Giorgio Calò, Angelo, Cangiano, Lorenzo, Capezzuoli, Gabriella Teresa Capolupo, Marianna, Capuano, Filippo, Carannante, Eugenia, Cardamone, Teresa, Carfora, Chiara, Caricato, Pietro, Carnevali, Francesco Maria Carrano, Lorenzo, Casali, Gianmaria Casoni Pataccini, Gianluca, Cassese, Simone, Castiglioni, Flavia, Cavicchi, Ceccarelli, Graziano, Giovanni, Cestaro, Pasquale, Cianci, Claudio, Cimmino, Marco, Clementi, Coletta, Diego, Riccardo, Conventi, Corallino, Diletta, Maurizio, Costantini, Lorenzo, Crepaz, Diego, Cuccurullo, Curci, FABIO PIO, Giuseppe, Currò, Giorgio, Dalmonte, Giovanni, D'Alterio, Michele, D'Ambra, D'Ambrosio, Giancarlo, Anna, D'Amore, Michele De Capua, Simona, Deidda, Daniele, Delogu, Maurizio De Luca, Nicolò De Manzini, DE STEFANI, Elena, Giuseppe Di Buono, Marcello Di Martino, DI TOMASO, Anna, Ugo, Elmore, CORDOVA HERENCIA, INGRID ELVA, Giovanni, Emiliani, Sofia, Esposito, Fazio, Federico, Federico, Festa, Marcello, Filotico, Fiocca, Fausto, Irene, Fiume, Francesco, Fleres, Giulia, Fontana, Tommaso, Fontana, Edoardo, Forcignanò, Giampaolo, Formisano, Laura, Fortuna, Uberto Fumagalli Romario, Andrea, Galderisi, Raffaele, Galleano, Carlo, Gazia, Alessio, Giordano, Giorgio, Giraudo, Maria Carmela Giuffrida, Simona, Giura, Anna, Guida, Antonio Maria Iannello, Marco, Inama, Sara, Ingallinella, Iossa, Angelo, Livio, Iudici, Laracca, GIOVANNI GUGLIELMO, LARGHI LAUREIRO, Zoe, Saverio, Latteri, Luca, Leonardi, Pasquale, Lepiane, Edelweiss, Licitra, Paolo, Locurto, Sarah Lo Faso, Nicola, Luciani, Luzza, Luigi, Magaletti, Sara, Michele, Manigrasso, Alessandra, Marano, Francesco, Marchetti, Alessandra, Marello, Nicolò, Mariani, Jacopo Nicolò Marin, Gennaro, Martines, Laura, Mastrangelo, Antonio, Matarangolo, Marco, Materazzo, Mazzarella, Gennaro, Giorgio, Mazzarolo, Maria Paola Menna, Meoli, Francesca, Marco, Milone, Elisabetta, Moggia, Davide, Moioli, Sarah, Molfino, Vitantonio, Mongelli, Roberto, Montalti, Giulia, Montori, Luca, Morelli, Gianluigi, Moretto, Muttillo, EDOARDO MARIA, Irnerio, Muttillo, Francesca, Notte, Alessandro, M Paganini, Gianluca, Pagano, Palmieri, Livia, Giuseppe, Palomba, Valentina, Palumbo, Panetta, Cristina, Giulia, Paradiso, Beniamino, Pascotto, Passannanti, Daniele, Renato, Patrone, Francesca, Pecchini, Francesca, Pego, Fabio, Pelle, Perrotta, Nicola, Wanda, Petz, Biagio, Picardi, Picchetto, Andrea, Chiara, Piceni, Pietricola, Giulia, Enrico, Pinotti, Felice, Pirozzi, Paolo, Pizzini, Poillucci, Gaetano, Ilaria, Puccica, Lorenzo, Ramaci, Rapanotti, Eleonora, Daniela, Rega, Angelica, Reggiani, Giorgio, Romano, Gregorio, Romeo, Luigi, Romeo, Gianluca, Rompianesi, Stefano, Rossi, Edoardo, Saladino, Roberto, Santambrogio, Federica, Saraceno, Giuliano, Sarro, Diego, Sasia, Grazia, Savino, Rosa, Scaramuzzo, Antonio, Sciuto, Michela, Scollica, Giovanni, Scudo, Ardit, Seitaj, Carlo, Serra, Francesco, Serra, Pierpaolo, Sileri, Leandro, Siragusa, Carmen, Sorrentino, Giuseppe, Surfaro, Ernesto, Tartaglia, Beatrice, Torre, Andrea, Tufo, Matteo, Uccelli, Alessandro, Ussia, Vaccari, Samuele, Marina, Valente, Sara, Vertaldi, Alessandro, Vitali, Luca, Zaccherini, Luigi, Zorcolo, Noemi, Zorzetti, Balla, A., Sartori, A., Botteri, E., Podda, M., Ortenzi, M., Silecchia, G., Guerrieri, M., Agresta, F., Agrusa, A., Aguzzi, D., Alagia, M., Alberici, L., Allaix, M. E., Ambrosio, L., Amendola, A., Ammendola, M., Amodio, P. M., Anania, G., Andreuccetti, J., Annichiarico, A., Anoldo, P., Anselmo, A., Aprea, G., Arcuri, G., Arezzo, A., Armatura, G., Bagaglini, G., Bagolini, F., Bailetti, B., Baiocchi, G., Baldini, E., Bannone, E., Barone, M., Baronio, G., Basile, R., Bellucci, M., Cacciaguerra, A. B., Benzoni, I., Bianco, F., Boccia, G., Bombardini, C., Boni, L., Bono, D., Bonomo, L. D., Bonventre, G., Bottari, A., Botti, C., Brentegani, G., Buonomo, M., Bracale, U., Callari, C., Calligaris, L., Calo, P. G., Cangiano, A., Capezzuoli, L., Capolupo, G. T., Capuano, M., Carannante, F., Cardamone, E., Carfora, T., Caricato, C., Carnevali, P., Carrano, F. M., Casali, L., Pataccini, G. C., Cassese, G., Castiglioni, S., Cavicchi, F., Ceccarelli, G., Cestaro, G., Cianci, P., Cimmino, C., Clementi, M., Coletta, D., Conventi, R., Corallino, D., Costantini, M., Crepaz, L., Cuccurullo, D., Curci, F. P., Curro, G., Dalmonte, G., D'Alterio, G., D'Ambra, M., D'Ambrosio, G., D'Amore, A., De Capua, M., Deidda, S., Delogu, D., De Luca, M., De Manzini, N., De Stefani, E., Di Buono, G., Di Martino, M., Di Tomaso, A., Elmore, U., Herencia, I. E. C., Emiliani, G., Esposito, S., Fazio, F., Festa, F., Filotico, M., Fiocca, F., Fiume, I., Fleres, F., Fontana, G., Fontana, T., Forcignano, E., Formisano, G., Fortuna, L., Romario, U. F., Galderisi, A., Galleano, R., Gazia, C., Giordano, A., Giraudo, G., Giuffrida, M. C., Giura, S., Guida, A., Iannello, A. M., Inama, M., Ingallinella, S., Iossa, A., Iudici, L., Laracca, G. G., Laureiro, Z. L., Latteri, S., Leonardi, L., Lepiane, P., Licitra, E., Locurto, P., Faso, S. L., Luciani, N., Luzza, L., Magaletti, S., Manigrasso, M., Marano, A., Marchetti, F., Marello, A., Mariani, N., Marin, J. N., Martines, G., Mastrangelo, L., Matarangolo, A., Materazzo, M., Mazzarella, G., Mazzarolo, G., Menna, M. P., Meoli, F., Milone, M., Moggia, E., Moioli, D., Molfino, S., Mongelli, V., Montalti, R., Montori, G., Morelli, L., Moretto, G., Muttillo, E. M., Muttillo, I., Notte, F., Paganini, A. M., Pagano, G., Palmieri, L., Palomba, G., Palumbo, V., Panetta, C., Paradiso, G., Pascotto, B., Passannanti, D., Patrone, R., Pecchini, F., Pego, F., Pelle, F., Perrotta, N., Petz, W., Picardi, B., Picchetto, A., Piceni, C., Pietricola, G., Pinotti, E., Pirozzi, F., Pizzini, P., Poillucci, G., Puccica, I., Ramaci, L., Rapanotti, E., Rega, D., Reggiani, A., Romano, G., Romeo, G., Romeo, L., Rompianesi, G., Rossi, S., Saladino, E., Santambrogio, R., Saraceno, F., Sarro, G., Sasia, D., Savino, G., Scaramuzzo, R., Sciuto, A., Scollica, M., Scudo, G., Seitaj, A., Serra, C., Serra, F., Sileri, P., Siragusa, L., Sorrentino, C., Surfaro, G., Tartaglia, E., Torre, B., Tufo, A., Uccelli, M., Ussia, A., Vaccari, S., Valente, M., Vertaldi, S., Vitali, A., Zaccherini, L., Zorcolo, L., Zorzetti, N., Balla, Andrea, Sartori, Alberto, Botteri, Emanuele, Podda, Mauro, Ortenzi, Monica, Silecchia, Gianfranco, Guerrieri, Mario, Agresta, Ferdinando, de Manzini, Nicolo, and ARMIS (Augmented Reality in Minimally Invasive Surgery) Collaborative, Group

Subjects
Virtual reality (VR), minimally invasive surgery (MIS), Augmented reality (AR), Minimally invasive surgery (MIS), Mixed reality (MR), Survey, Training, training, augmented reality (AR), mixed reality (MR), survey, virtual reality (VR), Settore MED/18 - Chirurgia Generale, Surgery
Abstract

Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) is a widespread approach in general surgery. Computer guiding software, such as the augmented reality (AR), the virtual reality (VR) and mixed reality (MR), has been proposed to help surgeons during MIS. This study aims to report these technologies' current knowledge and diffusion during surgical training in Italy. A web-based survey was developed under the aegis of the Italian Society of Endoscopic Surgery (SICE). Two hundred and seventeen medical doctors' answers were analyzed. Participants were surgeons (138, 63.6%) and residents in surgery (79, 36.4%). The mean knowledge of the role of the VR, AR and MR in surgery was 4.9 ± 2.4 (range 1-10). Most of the participants (122, 56.2%) did not have experience with any proposed technologies. However, although the lack of experience in this field, the answers about the functioning of the technologies were correct in most cases. Most of the participants answered that VR, AR and MR should be used more frequently for the teaching and training and during the clinical activity (170, 80.3%) and that such technologies would make a significant contribution, especially in training (183, 84.3%) and didactic (156, 71.9%). Finally, the main limitations to the diffusion of these technologies were the insufficient knowledge (182, 83.9%) and costs (175, 80.6%). Based on the present study, in Italy, the knowledge and dissemination of these technologies are still limited. Further studies are required to establish the usefulness of AR, VR and MR in surgical training.

Published
2023

8. Density-functional theory and Monte Carlo simulations of the phase behavior of a simple model liquid crystal.

Author

Giura S and Schoen M

Subjects
Gases chemistry, Temperature, Computer Simulation, Liquid Crystals chemistry, Models, Chemical, Monte Carlo Method, Phase Transition
Abstract

We consider the phase behavior of a simple model of a liquid crystal by means of modified mean-field density-functional theory (MMF DFT) and Monte Carlo simulations in the grand canonical ensemble (GCEMC). The pairwise additive interactions between liquid-crystal molecules are modeled via a Lennard-Jones potential in which the attractive contribution depends on the orientation of the molecules. We derive the form of this orientation dependence through an expansion in terms of rotational invariants. Our MMF DFT predicts two topologically different phase diagrams. At weak to intermediate coupling of the orientation dependent attraction, there is a discontinuous isotropic-nematic liquid-liquid phase transition in addition to the gas-isotropic liquid one. In the limit of strong coupling, the gas-isotropic liquid critical point is suppressed in favor of a fluid- (gas- or isotropic-) nematic phase transition which is always discontinuous. By considering three representative isotherms in parallel GCEMC simulations, we confirm the general topology of the phase diagram predicted by MMF DFT at intermediate coupling strength. From the combined MMF DFT-GCEMC approach, we conclude that the isotropic-nematic phase transition is very weakly first order, thus confirming earlier computer simulation results for the same model [see M. Greschek and M. Schoen, Phys. Rev. E 83, 011704 (2011)].

Published
2014
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9. Phase behavior of an amphiphilic fluid.

Author

Schoen M, Giura S, and Klapp SH

Subjects
Computer Simulation, Microfluidics methods, Models, Chemical, Models, Molecular, Phase Transition, Solutions chemistry, Surface-Active Agents chemistry
Abstract

We invoke mean-field density functional theory (DFT) to investigate the phase behavior of an amphiphilic fluid composed of a hard-sphere core plus a superimposed anisometric Lennard-Jones perturbation. The orientation dependence of the interactions consists of a contribution analogous to the interaction potential between a pair of "spins" in the classical, three-dimensional Heisenberg fluid and another one reminiscent of the interaction between (electric or magnetic) point dipoles. At fixed orientation both contributions are short-range in nature decaying as r-6 (r being the separation between the centers of mass of a pair of amphiphiles). Based upon two mean-field-like approximations for the pair correlation function that differ in the degree of sophistication we derive expressions for the phase boundaries between various isotropic and polar phases that we solve numerically by the Newton-Raphson method. For sufficiently strong coupling between the Heisenberg "spins" both mean-field approximations generate three topologically different and generic types of phase diagrams that are observed in agreement with earlier work [see, for example, Tavares et al., Phys. Rev. E 52, 1915 (1995)]. Whereas the dipolar contribution alone is incapable of stabilizing polar phases on account of its short-range nature it is nevertheless important for details of the phase diagram such as location of the gas-isotropic liquid critical point, triple, and tricritical points. By tuning the dipolar coupling constant suitably one may, in fact, switch between topologically different phase diagrams. Employing also Monte Carlo simulations in the isothermal-isobaric ensemble the general topology of the DFT phase diagrams is confirmed.

Published
2014
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10. Isotropic-polar phase transitions in an amphiphilic fluid: density functional theory versus computer simulations.

Author

Giura S, Márkus BG, Klapp SH, and Schoen M

Subjects
Anisotropy, Computer Simulation, Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions, Colloids chemistry, Models, Chemical, Models, Statistical, Phase Transition, Rheology methods
Abstract

We investigate the critical line separating isotropic from polar phases in an amphiphilic bulk fluid by means of density functional theory (DFT) and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations in the isothermal-isobaric ensemble. The intermolecular interactions are described by a Lennard-Jones potential in which the attractive contribution is modified by an orientation-dependent function. The latter consists of two terms: The first one has the orientation dependence of a classical three-dimensional Heisenberg interaction, whereas, the second one has the orientation dependence of a classical dipole-dipole interaction. However, both contributions are short range. Employing DFT together with a modified mean-field (MMF) approximation for the orientation-dependent pair correlation function, we derive an analytical expression for the critical line separating isotropic from polar liquidlike phases. In parallel MC simulations, we locate the line of critical points through an analysis of Binder's second-order cumulant of the polar-order parameter. Comparison with DFT shows that the dipolelike contribution is irrelevant for the isotropic-polar phase transition. As far as the Heisenberg contribution is concerned, the MC data are in semiquantitative agreement with the DFT predictions for sufficiently strong coupling between molecular orientations. For weaker coupling, the variation in the ratio of critical density and temperature ρ(c)/T(c) with the Heisenberg coupling constant ε(H) is underestimated by the MMF treatment. The MC results suggest that this is because ρ(c) increases with decreasing ε(H) such that the assumption on which the MMF approach rests becomes less applicable in the weaker-coupling limit.

Published
2013
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11. Finite-size scaling analysis of isotropic-polar phase transitions in an amphiphilic fluid.

Author

Melle M, Giura S, Schlotthauer S, and Schoen M

Subjects
Models, Molecular, Molecular Conformation, Temperature, Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions, Monte Carlo Method, Phase Transition
Abstract

We present Monte Carlo simulations of the isotropic-polar (IP) phase transition in an amphiphilic fluid carried out in the isothermal-isobaric ensemble. Our model consists of Lennard-Jones spheres where the attractive part of the potential is modified by an orientation-dependent function. This function gives rise to an angle dependence of the intermolecular attractions corresponding to that characteristic of point dipoles. Our data show a substantial system-size dependence of the dipolar order parameter. We analyze the system-size dependence in terms of the order-parameter distribution and a cumulant involving its first and second moments. The order parameter, its distribution, and susceptibility observe the scaling behavior characteristic of the 3D Ising universality class. Because of this scaling behavior and because all cumulants have a common intersection irrespective of system size we conclude that the IP phase transition is continuous. Considering pressures 1.3 ≤ P ≤ 3.0 we demonstrate that a line of continuous phase transitions exists which is analogous to the Curie line in systems exhibiting a ferroelectric transition. Our results are qualitatively consistent with Landau's theory of continuous phase transitions.

Published
2012
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