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1. A Small-Molecule Pan-Id Antagonist Inhibits Pathologic Ocular Neovascularization

Author

Paulina M. Wojnarowicz, Raquel Lima e Silva, Masayuki Ohnaka, Sang Bae Lee, Yvette Chin, Anita Kulukian, Sung-Hee Chang, Bina Desai, Marta Garcia Escolano, Riddhi Shah, Marta Garcia-Cao, Sijia Xu, Rashmi Kadam, Yehuda Goldgur, Meredith A. Miller, Ouathek Ouerfelli, Guangli Yang, Tsutomu Arakawa, Steven K. Albanese, William A. Garland, Glenn Stoller, Jaideep Chaudhary, Larry Norton, Rajesh Kumar Soni, John Philip, Ronald C. Hendrickson, Antonio Iavarone, Andrew J. Dannenberg, John D. Chodera, Nikola Pavletich, Anna Lasorella, Peter A. Campochiaro, and Robert Benezra

Subjects
Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Summary: Id helix-loop-helix (HLH) proteins (Id1–4) bind E protein bHLH transcription factors, preventing them from forming active transcription complexes that drive changes in cell states. Id proteins are primarily expressed during development to inhibit differentiation, but they become re-expressed in adult tissues in diseases of the vasculature and cancer. We show that the genetic loss of Id1/Id3 reduces ocular neovascularization in mouse models of wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). An in silico screen identifies AGX51, a small-molecule Id antagonist. AGX51 inhibits the Id1-E47 interaction, leading to ubiquitin-mediated degradation of Ids, cell growth arrest, and reduced viability. AGX51 is well-tolerated in mice and phenocopies the genetic loss of Id expression in AMD and ROP models by inhibiting retinal neovascularization. Thus, AGX51 is a first-in-class compound that antagonizes an interaction formerly considered undruggable and that may have utility in the management of multiple diseases. : Wojnarowicz et al., describe the identification, by an in silico screen, and characterization of a small molecule, AGX51, that targets Id proteins. AGX51 treatment of cells lead to Id protein degradation, cell cycle arrest, and reduced cell viability. AGX51 inhibited pathologic ocular neovascularization in mouse models, phenocopying genetic Id loss. Keywords: Id proteins, protein-protein interactions, macular degeneration, retinopathy of prematurity, angiogenesis

Published
2019
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2. A Randomized Controlled Trial of OPT-302, a VEGF-C/D Inhibitor for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Author

Timothy L. Jackson, Jason Slakter, Marc Buyse, Kun Wang, Pravin U. Dugel, Charles C. Wykoff, David S. Boyer, Michael Gerometta, Megan E. Baldwin, Clare F. Price, Bohdan Kousal, Jan Studnicka, Michal Veith, Catherine Creuzot-Garcher, Flore De Bats, David Gaucher, Martine Mauget-Faysse, Eric Souied, Ramin Tadayoni, Andrea Facsko, Agnes Kerénvi, Andras Papp, Alexis Tsorbatzoglou, Gabor Vogt, Yoreh Barak, Itay Chowers, Michaella Goldstein, Joel Hanhart, Haya Morori-Katz, Irit Rosenblatt, Alexander Rubowitz, Oren Tomkins Netzer, Francesco Bandello, Antonio Ciardella, Federico Ricci, Giovanni Staurenghi, Gianni Virgili, Kristine Baumane, Guna Laganovska, Signe Ozolina, Ilze Strautmane, Bartlomiej Kaluzny, Jerzy Mackiewicz, Marta Misiuk-Hoilo, Ewa Mrukwa-Kominek, Piotr Oleksy, Krystyna Raczynska, Tomasz Zarnowski, Alfredo Adan, Javier Araiz, Anna Boixadera, Alvaro Fernández-Vega, Alfredo Garcia Layana, Francisco Gomez-Ulla, Javier Montero, Jose Maria Ruiz Moreno, David Gilmour, Timothy Jackson, Sidath Liyanage, Luke Membrey, Geeta Menon, Niro Narendran, Sobha Sivaprasad, Daniel Alfaro, Andrew Antoszyk, Carl Baker, Ivan Batille, Brian Berger, David Boyer, William Bridges, Harold Brooks, David Brown, Margaret Chang, Daniel Chao, Sanford Chen, Courtney Crawford, Pravin Dugel, Alexander Eaton, David Eichenbaum, Jordana Fein, Leonard Feiner, Christina Flaxel, Frank Garber, Alan Gordon, Sunil Gupta, Curtis Haegedorn, George Hampton, Thomas Hanscom, Vrinda Hershberger, Peter Kaiser, Randy Katz, Arshad Khanani, Erik Kruger, Denis Marcus, Matthew Ohr, Sunil Patel, Joel Pearlman, Richard Pesavento, Dante Pieramici, John Pitcher, Jay Prensky, John Randolf, Carl Regillo, Steven Rose, Michael Samuel, Todd Schneiderman, Sumit Shah, Michael Singer, Nathan Steinle, Glenn Stoller, Alan Thach, John Thompson, Michael Varenhorst, Alan Wagner, Joseph Walker, John Wells, Jonathan Williams, Robert Wong, and Charles Wykoff

Subjects
Ophthalmology
Published
2023
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3. Efficacy, durability, and safety of intravitreal faricimab with extended dosing up to every 16 weeks in patients with diabetic macular oedema (YOSEMITE and RHINE): two randomised, double-masked, phase 3 trials

Author

Charles C Wykoff, Francis Abreu, Anthony P Adamis, Karen Basu, David A Eichenbaum, Zdenka Haskova, Hugh Lin, Anat Loewenstein, Shaun Mohan, Ian A Pearce, Taiji Sakamoto, Patricio G Schlottmann, David Silverman, Jennifer K Sun, John A Wells, Jeffrey R Willis, Ramin Tadayoni, Thomas Aaberg, Ashkan Abbey, Elmira Abdulaeva, Santiago Abengoechea, Prema Abraham, Thomas Ach, Serrhel Adams, Alfredo Adan Civera, Sean Adrean, Hansjurgen Agostini, Suhail Alam, Arturo Alezzandrini, Virgil Alfaro, Daniel Aliseda, Arghavan Almony, Pedro Amat, Payam Amini, Andrew Antoszyk, Luis Arias, Riaz Asaria, Marcos Avila, Carl C Awh, Joaquin Bafalluy, Carl Baker, Francesco Bandello, Mark Barakat, Karen Barraza, Gyorgy Bator, Caroline Baumal, Rubens Belfort Jr, Chris Bergstrom, George Bertolucci, Thomas Bochow, Matthias Bolz, Emilia Borcz, Arnaldo Bordon, David Boyer, Galina Bratko, Michael Brent, Jamin Brown, David M Brown, Maria Budzinskaya, Sylvia Buffet, Stuart Burgess, Ben Burton, Miguel Busquets, Francisco Cabrera, Carlo Cagini, Jorge Calzada, Peter Campochiaro, John Carlson, Alessandro Castellarin, Carlos Cava, Voraporn Chaikitmongkol, Clement Chan, Emmanuel Chang, Jonathan Chang, Andrew Chang, Steve Charles, Nauman Chaudhry, Caroline Chee, Judy Chen, Fred Chen, Shih-Jen Chen, Richard Cheong-Leen, Allen Chiang, Mark Chittum, David Chow, Brian Connolly, Pierre Loic Cornut, Karl Csaky, Carl Danzig, Arup Das, Vesselin Daskalov, Carmen Desco, Amr Dessouki, John Dickinson, Brian Do, Michael Dollin, Pravin Dugel, Jaroslava Dusova, David Eichenbaum, Bora Eldem, Robert Engstrom, Jan Ernest, Joan Josep Escobar, Simona Esposti, Nicole Eter, Naomi Falk, Andrej Farkas, Leonard Feiner, Nicolas Feltgen, Carlos Fernandez, Alvaro Fernandez Vega, Philip Ferrone, Joao Figueira, Marta Figueroa, Oliver Findl, Howard Fine, Jorge Fortun, Gregory M Fox, Scott Foxman, Carsten Framme, Samantha Fraser-Bell, Arthur Fu, Akira Fukutomi, Nicholas Fung, Federico Furno Sola, Roberto Gallego-Pinazo, Renata Garcia, Alfredo Garcia-Layana, Maciej Gawecki, Sheen George, Faruque Ghanchi, Ghassan Ghorayeb, Roger Goldberg, Michaella Goldstein, Nuno Gomes, Francisco Gomez Ulla, Victor Gonzalez, Craig Greven, Sunil Gupta, Miguel Guzman, Martin Harris, Katja Hatz, Vivienne Hau, Vincent Hau, Ken Hayashi, Jeffrey Heier, Ewa Herba, Vrinda Hershberger, Patrick Higgins, Akito Hirakata, Allen Ho, Nancy Holekamp, Shigeru Honda, Jason Hsu, Allen Hu, Maria Hurcikova, Yasuhiro Ikeda, Ricky Isernhagen, Yasuki Ito, Tim Jackson, Rachael Jacoby, Afsar Jafree, Golnaz Javey, Cameron Javid, Chirag Jhaveri, Mark Johnson, Marek Kacerík, Jakub Kaluzny, Daniel Kampik, Se Woong Kang, Kapil Kapoor, Levent Karabas, Tsutomu Kawasaki, Agnes Kerenyi, Arshad Khanani, Rahul Khurana, Brian Kim, Kazuhiro Kimura, Genichiro Kishino, Shigehiko Kitano, Kendra Klein-Mascia, Gregg Kokame, Jean Francois Korobelnik, Alexey Kulikov, Ajay Kuriyan, Henry Kwong, Robert Kwun, Timothy Lai, Chi-Chun Lai, Philip Laird, Laurent Lalonde, Paolo Lanzetta, Michael Larsen, Caroline Laugesen, Daniel Lavinsky, Olivier Lebreton, Seong Lee, Jaime Levy, Blandina Lipkova, Mimi Liu, Judy Liu, Chris P Lohmann, Nikolas London, Katrin Lorenz, Andrew Lotery, David Lozano Rechy, Silvio Lujan, Patrick Ma, Takatoshi Maeno, Sajjad Mahmood, Fuad Makkouk, Khurram Malik, Dennis Marcus, Alan Margherio, Leonardo Mastropasqua, Raj Maturi, Frank McCabe, Martin McKibbin, Hemal Mehta, Geeta Menon, Jale Mentes, Katarzyna Michalska-Malecka, Aneta Misheva, Yoshinori Mitamura, Paul Mitchell, Yasha Modi, Quresh Mohamed, Javier Montero, Jeffrey Moore, Virgilio Morales Canton, Haia Morori-Katz, Tatiana Morugova, Tomoaki Murakami, Maria Muzyka-Wozniak, Marco Nardi, Jan Nemcansky, Kamila Nester-Ostrowska, Julio Neto, Charles Newell, Massimo Nicolo, Jared Nielsen, Kousuke Noda, Akira Obana, Nahoko Ogata, Hideyasu Oh, Kean Oh, Matthew Ohr, Piotr Oleksy, Scott Oliver, Sebastien Olivier, James Osher, Sehnaz Ozcalişkan, Banu Ozturk, Andras Papp, Kyu Hyung Park, D Wilkin Parke, Maria Cristina Parravano, Sugat Patel, Sunil Patel, Ian Pearce, Joel Pearlman, Fernando Penha, Irfan Perente, Stephen Perkins, Grazia Pertile, Iva Petkova, Tunde Peto, Dante Pieramici, Andreas Pollreisz, Pear Pongsachareonnont, Nadezhda Pozdeyeva, Siegfried Priglinger, Jawad Qureshi, Dorota Raczynska, Rajesh Rajagopalan, Juan Ramirez Estudillo, Paul Raskauskas, Rajiv Rathod, Hessam Razavi, Carl Regillo, Federico Ricci, Soraya Rofagha, Dominika Romanczak, Bożena Romanowska-Dixon, Daniel Rosberger, Irit Rosenblatt, Brett Rosenblatt, Adam Ross, Paisan Ruamviboonsuk, Jose Maria Ruiz Moreno, Gustavo Salomão, Sukhpal Sandhu, Dirk Sandner, Laura Sararols, Osamu Sawada, Ramin Schadlu, Patricio Schlottmann, Claudia Schuart, Berthold Seitz, András Seres, Figen Sermet, Sandeep Shah, Ankur Shah, Rohan Shah, Sumit Sharma, Thomas Sheidow, Veeral Sheth, Akito Shimouchi, Masahiko Shimura, Bartosz Sikorski, Rufino Silva, Michael Singer, Lawrence Singerman, Rishi Singh, Eric Souied, David J Spinak, Georg Spital, Nathan Steinle, Jeffrey Stern, Glenn Stoller, Robert Stoltz, Cameron Stone, Amy Stone, Eric Suan, Masahiko Sugimoto, Iichiro Sugita, Jennifer Sun, Xiaodong Sun, Ivan Suner, Lajos Szalczer, Timea Szecsko, Ali Tabassian, Hitoshi Takagi, Kei Takayama, Alexandre Taleb, James Talks, Gavin Tan, Teruyo Tanabe, Stanford Taylor, Allen Thach, John Thompson, Paul Tlucek, Robert Torti, Daniela Tosheva Guneva, Edit Toth-Molnar, Eduardo Uchiyama, Attila Vajas, Deepali Varma, Balazs Varsanyi, Petja Vassileva, Sara Vaz-Pereira, Miroslav Veith, Jose Ignacio Vela, Francesco Viola, Gianni Virgili, Gábor Vogt, Henrik Vorum, Pamela Weber, Thoalf Wecke, Raymond Wee, Martin Weger, Paul Weishaar, Sanjeewa Wickremasinghe, Thomas Reginald Williams, Thomas Williams, Geoff Williams, Armin Wolf, Jeremy Wolfe, James Wong, David Wong, Ian Wong, Robert Wong, Bogumil Wowra, Edward Wylęgała, Chang-Hao Yang, Tsutomu Yasukawa, Paul Yates, Gursel Yilmaz, Glenn Yiu, Young Hee Yoon, Barak Yoreh, Shigeo Yoshida, Hyeong Gon Yu, Seung Young Yu, Tatiana Yurieva, Leandro Zacharias, Karolina Zaczek Zakrzewska, Alberto Zambrano, Barbara Zatorska, Carlos Zeolite, and Jeffrey Zheutlin

Subjects
Male, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A, Diabetic Retinopathy, Recombinant Fusion Proteins, Visual Acuity, Angiogenesis Inhibitors, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Drug Administration Schedule, Angiopoietin-2, Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, Treatment Outcome, Double-Blind Method, Antibodies, Bispecific, Intravitreal Injections, Edema, Humans, Female, Macula Lutea, Aged
Abstract

To reduce treatment burden and optimise patient outcomes in diabetic macular oedema, we present 1-year results from two phase 3 trials of faricimab, a novel angiopoietin-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor-A bispecific antibody.YOSEMITE and RHINE were randomised, double-masked, non-inferiority trials across 353 sites worldwide. Adults with vision loss due to centre-involving diabetic macular oedema were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to intravitreal faricimab 6·0 mg every 8 weeks, faricimab 6·0 mg per personalised treatment interval (PTI), or aflibercept 2·0 mg every 8 weeks up to week 100. PTI dosing intervals were extended, maintained, or reduced (every 4 weeks up to every 16 weeks) based on disease activity at active dosing visits. The primary endpoint was mean change in best-corrected visual acuity at 1 year, averaged over weeks 48, 52, and 56. Efficacy analyses included the intention-to-treat population (non-inferiority margin 4 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study [ETDRS] letters); safety analyses included patients with at least one dose of study treatment. These trials are registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (YOSEMITE NCT03622580 and RHINE NCT03622593).3247 patients were screened for eligibility in YOSEMITE (n=1532) and RHINE (n=1715). After exclusions, 940 patients were enrolled into YOSEMITE between Sept 5, 2018, and Sept 19, 2019, and 951 patients were enrolled into RHINE between Oct 9, 2018, and Sept 20, 2019. These 1891 patients were randomly assigned to faricimab every 8 weeks (YOSEMITE n=315, RHINE n=317), faricimab PTI (n=313, n=319), or aflibercept every 8 weeks (n=312, n=315). Non-inferiority for the primary endpoint was achieved with faricimab every 8 weeks (adjusted mean vs aflibercept every 8 weeks in YOSEMITE 10·7 ETDRS letters [97·52% CI 9·4 to 12·0] vs 10·9 ETDRS letters [9·6 to 12·2], difference -0·2 ETDRS letters [-2·0 to 1·6]; RHINE 11·8 ETDRS letters [10·6 to 13·0] vs 10·3 ETDRS letters [9·1 to 11·4] letters, difference 1·5 ETDRS letters [-0·1 to 3·2]) and faricimab PTI (YOSEMITE 11·6 ETDRS letters [10·3 to 12·9], difference 0·7 ETDRS letters [-1·1 to 2·5]; RHINE 10·8 ETDRS letters [9·6 to 11·9], difference 0·5 ETDRS letters [-1·1 to 2·1]). Incidence of ocular adverse events was comparable between faricimab every 8 weeks (YOSEMITE n=98 [31%], RHINE n=137 [43%]), faricimab PTI (n=106 [34%], n=119 [37%]), and aflibercept every 8 weeks (n=102 [33%], n=113 [36%]).Robust vision gains and anatomical improvements with faricimab were achieved with adjustable dosing up to every 16 weeks, demonstrating the potential for faricimab to extend the durability of treatment for patients with diabetic macular oedema.F Hoffmann-La Roche.

Published
2022
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4. Efficacy, durability, and safety of intravitreal faricimab up to every 16 weeks for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (TENAYA and LUCERNE): two randomised, double-masked, phase 3, non-inferiority trials

Author

Jeffrey S Heier, Arshad M Khanani, Carlos Quezada Ruiz, Karen Basu, Philip J Ferrone, Christopher Brittain, Marta S Figueroa, Hugh Lin, Frank G Holz, Vaibhavi Patel, Timothy Y Y Lai, David Silverman, Carl Regillo, Balakumar Swaminathan, Francesco Viola, Chui Ming Gemmy Cheung, Tien Y Wong, Ashkan Abbey, Elmira Abdulaeva, Prema Abraham, Alfredo Adan Civera, Hansjurgen Agostini, Arturo Alezzandrini, Virgil Alfaro, Arghavan Almony, Lebriz Altay, Payam Amini, Andrew Antoszyk, Etelka Aradi, Luis Arias, Jennifer Arnold, Riaz Asaria, Sergei Astakhov, Yury Astakhov, Carl C. Awh, Chandra Balaratnasingam, Sanjiv Banerjee, Caroline Baumal, Matthias Becker, Rubens Belfort, Galina Bratko, William Jr. Z Bridges, Jamin Brown, David M. Brown, Maria Budzinskaya, Sylvia Buffet, Stuart Burgess, Iksoo Byon, Carlo Cagini, Jorge Calzada, Stone Cameron, Peter Campochiaro, John Carlson, Angela Carneiro, Clement Chan, Emmanuel Chang, Andrew Chang, Daniel Chao, Nauman Chaudhry, Caroline Chee, Andrew Cheek, Shih-Jen Chen, San-Ni Chen, Gemmy Cheung, Saradha Chexal, Mark Chittum, David Chow, Abosede Cole, Brian Connolly, Pierre Loic Cornut, Stephen Couvillion, Carl Danzig, Vesselin Daskalov, Amr Dessouki, Francois Devin, Michael Dollin, Rosa Dolz, Louise Downey, Richard Dreyer, Pravin Dugel, David Eichenbaum, Bora Eldem, Robert Engstrom, Joan Josep Escobar, Nicole Eter, David W. Faber, Naomi Falk, Leonard Feiner, Alvaro Fernandez Vega, Philip Ferrone, Marta Figueroa, Howard Fine, Mitchell Fineman, Gregory M. Fox, Catherine Francais, Pablo Franco, Samantha Fraser-Bell, Nicholas Fung, Federico Furno Sola, Richard Gale, Alfredo Garcia-Layana, Julie Gasperini, Maciej Gawecki, Faruque Ghanchi, Manjot Gill, Michel Giunta, David Glaser, Michaella Goldstein, Francisco Gomez Ulla, Fumi Gomi, Victor Gonzalez, Jordan Graff, Sunil Gupta, Rainer Guthoff, Robyn Guymer, Anton Haas, Robert Hampton, Katja Hatz, Ken Hayashi, Jeffrey Heier, Ewa Herba, Vrinda Hershberger, Patrick Higgins, Nancy Holekamp, Shigeru Honda, James Howard, Allen Hu, Stephen Huddleston, Tomohiro Iida, Hiroko Imaizumi, Yasuo Ito, Yasuki Ito, Sujit Itty, Golnaz Javey, Cameron Javid, Tatsushi Kaga, Jakub Kaluzny, Se Woong Kang, Kapil Kapoor, Levent Karabas, Tsutomu Kawasaki, Patrick Kelty, Agnes Kerenyi, Arshad Khanani, Ramin Khoramnia, Rahul Khurana, Kazuhiro Kimura, Kendra Klein-Mascia, Namie Kobayashi, Laurent Kodjikian, Hideki Koizumi, Gregg Kokame, Alexey Kulikov, Henry Kwong, Robert Kwun, Timothy Lai, Chi-Chun Lai, Laurent Lalonde, Paolo Lanzetta, Michael Larsen, Adrian Lavina, Won Ki Lee, ji Eun Lee, Seong Lee, Jaime Levy, Lucas Lindsell, Mimi Liu, Nikolas London, Andrew Lotery, David Lozano Rechy, Alan Luckie, David Maberley, Takatoshi Maeno, Sajjad Mahmood, Fuad Makkouk, Dennis Marcus, Alan Margherio, Helene Masse, Hisashi Matsubara, Raj Maturi, Sonia Mehta, Geeta Menon, Jale Mentes, Mark Michels, Yoshinori Mitamura, Paul Mitchell, Quresh Mohamed, Jordi Mones, Rodrigo Montemayor Lobo, Javier Montero, Jeffrey Moore, Ryusaburo Mori, Haia Morori-Katz, Raj Mukherjee, Toshinori Murata, Maria Muzyka-Wozniak, Marco Nardi, Niro Narendran, Massimo Nicolo, Jared Nielsen, Tetsuya Nishimura, Kousuke Noda, Anna Nowinska, Hideyasu Oh, Matthew Ohr, Annabelle Okada, Piotr Oleksy, Shinji Ono, Sengul Ozdek, Banu Ozturk, Luis Pablo, Kyu Hyung Park, D. Wilki Parke, Maria Cristina Parravano, Praveen Patel, Apurva Patel, Sunil Patel, Sugat Patel, Daniel Pauleikhoff, Ian Pearce, Joel Pearlman, Iva Petkova, Dante Pieramici, Nadezhda Pozdeyeva, Jawad Qureshi, Dorota Raczynska, Juan Ramirez Estudillo, Rajiv Rathod, Hessam Razavi, Gayatri Reilly, Federico Ricci, Ryan Rich, Bożena Romanowska-Dixon, Irit Rosenblatt, Jose Maria Ruiz Moreno, Stefan Sacu, Habiba Saedon, Usman Saeed, Min Sagong, Taiji Sakamoto, Sukhpal Sandhu, Laura Sararols, Mario Saravia, Ramin Schadlu, Patricio Schlottmann, Tetsuju Sekiryu, András Seres, Figen Sermet, Sumit Shah, Rohan Shah, Ankur Shah, Thomas Sheidow, Veeral Sheth, Chieko Shiragami, Bartosz Sikorski, Rufino Silva, Lawrence Singerman, Robert Sisk, Torben L. Sørensen, Eric Souied, David-J Spinak, Giovanni Staurenghi, Robert Steinmetz, Glenn Stoller, Robert Stoltz, Eric Suan, Ivan Suner, Yzer Suzanne, Ramin Tadayoni, Kanji Takahashi, Kei Takayama, Alexandre Taleb, James Talks, Hiroko Terasaki, John Thompson, Edit Toth-Molnar, Khoi Tran, Raman Tuli, Eduardo Uchiyama, Attila Vajas, Janneke Van Lith-Verhoeven, Balazs Varsanyi, Gianni Virgili, Gábor Vogt, Michael Völker, David Warrow, Pamela Weber, John A. Wells, Sanjeewa Wickremasinghe, Mark Wieland, Geoff Williams, Thomas Williams, David Wong, King Wong, James Wong, Ian Wong, Robert Wong, Bogumil Wowra, Charles C. Wykoff, Ayana Yamashita, Kanako Yasuda, Gursel Yilmaz, Glenn Yiu, Ai Yoneda, Young Hee Yoon, Barak Yoreh, HyeongGon Yu, Seung Young Yu, Tatiana Yurieva, Alberto Zambrano, Barbara Zatorska, and Carlos Zeolite

Subjects
Aged, 80 and over, Male, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A, Recombinant Fusion Proteins, Visual Acuity, Angiogenesis Inhibitors, General Medicine, Drug Administration Schedule, Angiopoietin-2, Macular Degeneration, Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, Treatment Outcome, Double-Blind Method, Antibodies, Bispecific, Intravitreal Injections, Humans, Female, Aged
Abstract

Faricimab is a bispecific antibody that acts through dual inhibition of both angiopoietin-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor A. We report primary results of two phase 3 trials evaluating intravitreal faricimab with extension up to every 16 weeks for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD).TENAYA and LUCERNE were randomised, double-masked, non-inferiority trials across 271 sites worldwide. Treatment-naive patients with nAMD aged 50 years or older were randomly assigned (1:1) to intravitreal faricimab 6·0 mg up to every 16 weeks, based on protocol-defined disease activity assessments at weeks 20 and 24, or aflibercept 2·0 mg every 8 weeks. Randomisation was performed through an interactive voice or web-based response system using a stratified permuted block randomisation method. Patients, investigators, those assessing outcomes, and the funder were masked to group assignments. The primary endpoint was mean change in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) from baseline averaged over weeks 40, 44, and 48 (prespecified non-inferiority margin of four letters), in the intention-to-treat population. Safety analyses included patients who received at least one dose of study treatment. These trials are registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (TENAYA NCT03823287 and LUCERNE NCT03823300).Across the two trials, 1329 patients were randomly assigned between Feb 19 and Nov 19, 2019 (TENAYA n=334 faricimab and n=337 aflibercept), and between March 11 and Nov 1, 2019 (LUCERNE n=331 faricimab and n=327 aflibercept). BCVA change from baseline with faricimab was non-inferior to aflibercept in both TENAYA (adjusted mean change 5·8 letters [95% CI 4·6 to 7·1] and 5·1 letters [3·9 to 6·4]; treatment difference 0·7 letters [-1·1 to 2·5]) and LUCERNE (6·6 letters [5·3 to 7·8] and 6·6 letters [5·3 to 7·8]; treatment difference 0·0 letters [-1·7 to 1·8]). Rates of ocular adverse events were comparable between faricimab and aflibercept (TENAYA n=121 [36·3%] vs n=128 [38·1%], and LUCERNE n=133 [40·2%] vs n=118 [36·2%]).Visual benefits with faricimab given at up to 16-week intervals demonstrates its potential to meaningfully extend the time between treatments with sustained efficacy, thereby reducing treatment burden in patients with nAMD.F Hoffmann-La Roche.

Published
2022
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5. Natural History of Drusenoid Pigment Epithelial Detachment Associated with Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Author

Jeannette J. Yu, Elvira Agrón, Traci E. Clemons, Amitha Domalpally, Freekje van Asten, Tiarnan D. Keenan, Catherine Cukras, Emily Y. Chew, Frederick L. Ferris, John Paul SanGiovanni, Traci Clemons, Anne Lindblad, Robert Lindblad, Nilay Shah, Robert Sperduto, Wendy McBee, Gary Gensler, Molly Harrington, Alice Henning, Katrina Jones, Kumar Thotapally, Diana Tull, Valerie Watson, Kayla Williams, Christina Gentry, Francine Kaufman, Chris Morrison, Elizabeth Saverino, Sherrie Schenning, Barbara Blodi, Ronald P. Danis, Matthew Davis, Kathy Glander, Gregory Guilfoil, Larry D. Hubbard, Kristine Johnson, Ronald Klein, Barbara Nardi, Michael Neider, Nancy Robinson, Eileen Rosensteel, Hugh Wabers, Grace Zhang, Alan J. Ruby, Antonio Capone, Bawa Dass, Kimberly Drenser, Bruce R. Garretson, Tarek S. Hassan, Michael Trese, George A. Williams, Jeremy Wolfe, Tina Bell, Mary Zajechowski, Dennis Bezaire, Fran McIver, Anthony Medina, Jackie Pagett, Stephanie Hatch Smith, Lynn Swartz, Tom Treuter, Andrew Antoszyk, Justin Brown, David J. Browning, Walter Holland, Angella Karow, Kelly Stalford, Angela Price, Sarah Ennis, Sherry Fredenberg, Jenna Herby, Uma Balasubramaniam, Loraine Clark, Donna McClain, Michael McOwen, Lynn Watson, Michael Klein, Steven T. Bailey, Thomas J. Hwang, Andreas Lauer, J. Timothy Stout, Patty McCollum, Milt Johnson, Patrick B. Rice, Ivana Kim, John Loewenstein, Joan Miller, Lucia Sobrin, Lucy Young, Jacqueline Sullivan, Patricia Houlihan, Linda Merry, Ann Marie Lane, Ursula Lord Bator, Claudia Evans, Sarah Brett, Charleen Callahan, Marcia Grillo, David Walsh, Kamella Lau Zimmerman, Gary Edd Fish, Rajiv Anand, Lori E. Coors, Dwain G. Fuller, Rand Spencer, Robert C. Wang, Karen Duignan, Sally Arceneaux, Hank Aguado, Nicholas Hesse, Michael Mackens, Brian Swan, Wai T. Wong, Monica Dalal, Naima Jacobs-El, Catherine Meyerle, Benjamin Nicholson, Henry Wiley, Katherine Hall Shimel, Angel Garced, Janice Oparah, Greg Short, Alana Temple, Babilonia Ayukawa, Guy Foster, Darryl Hayes, Dessie Koutsandreas, Roula Nashwinter, John Rowan, Michael Bono, Denise Cunningham, Marilois Palmer, Alicia Zetina, David H. Orth, Kourous Rezaei, Joseph Civantos, Sohail Hasan, Kirk Packo, Celeste Figliulo, Pam Stanberry, Tara Farmer, Kiersten Nelson, Shannya Townsend-Patrick, Philip Rosenfeld, Royce Chen, Rishi Doshi, Sander Dubovy, Brian T. Kim, Matthew Lowrance, Andrew Moshfeghi, Zayna Nahas, Gary Schienbaum, John Vishak, Christina Weng, Zohar Yehoshua, Belen Rodriguez, Jose Rebimbas, Jane Gleichauf, Mike Kicak, Jason Mena, Tim Odem, Elizabeth Sferza-Camp, Alicia Disgdiertt, Jim Oramas, Isabel Rams, Stephanie Thatcher, Susan B. Bressler, Neil M. Bressler, Daniel Finkelstein, Steven H. Sherman, Sharon Solomon, Howard S. Ying, Rita Denbow, Deborah Phillips, Elizabeth Radcliffe, Judy Belt, Dennis Cain, David Emmert, Mark Herring, Jacquelyn McDonald, G. Baker Hubbard, Chris S. Bergstrom, Blaine Cribbs, Andrew Hendrick, Brandon Johnson, Philip Laird, Sonia Mehta, Timothy Olsen, Justin Townsend, Jion Yan, Steven Yeh, Linda Curtis, Judy Brower, Hannah Yi, Jannah Rutter Dobbs, Debbie Jordan, Michael J. Elman, Robert A. Liss, JoAnn Starr, Jennifer Belz, Charlene Putzulo, Teresa Coffey, Ashley Davis, Pamela Singletary, Giorya Shabi Andreani, Theresa Cain, Daniel Ketner, Peter Sotirakos, Suresh Chandra, Barbara A. Blodi, Michael M. Altaweel, Justin L. Gottlieb, Michael Ip, T. Michael Nork, Thomas S. Stevens, Kathryn Burke, Shelly Olson, Kristine Dietzman, Barbara Soderling, Guy Somers, Angie Wealti, Denise Krolnik, John Peterson, Sandra Reed, Thomas Friberg, Andrew Eller, Denise Gallagher, Leanne Labriola, Melissa Pokrifka, Aron Gedansky, Natalie Anthony, Cassandra Grzybowski, Dawn Matthews, Sharon Murajda-Jumba, Jessica Toro, David G. Callanan, Wayne A. Solley, Patrick Williams, Sandy Lash, Bob Boleman, Chris Dock, Michel Shami, Brenda Arrington, Ashaki Meeks, Alan R. Margherio, Paul Raphaelian, Debra Markus, Justin Langdon, Elizabeth Truax, Sandy Lewis, Brad Terry, Amy Noffke, Kean Oh, Ramin Sarrafizadeh, Scott Sneed, Julie Hammersley, Serena Neal, Mary Doran, Nan Jones, Lisa Preston, Heather Jessick, Tanya Tracy Marsh, Michael Tolentino, Adam Berger, Richard Hamilton, David Misch, Suk Jin Moon, Dawn Sutherland, Vera Dilts, Sara Henderson, Esmeralda Medina, Donald Trueman, Laura Holm, Jason Strickland, Darmakusuma Ie, Jeffrey L. Lipkowitz, Kekul B. Shah, Susan Geraghty, Beverly Sannazzaro, Morgan Harper, Krista Bayer, Mary B. Lansing, Lauren B. Fox, Rebecca Lee, Jay B. Stallman, Michael Jacobson, Sean Koh, Scott Lampert, John Miller, Mark Rivellese, Atul Sharma, Robert A. Stoltz, Stephanie Vanderveldt, Leslie Marcus, Starr Hendricks, Ryan Hollman, Grethel Betanzos, Leslie Ellorin, Shelly Fulbright, Debbie McCormick, Paul A. Edwards, Julianne Hall, Mary Monk, Melanie Gutkowski, Melina Mazurek, Janet Murphy, Katherine Gusas, Crystal Moffett, David Burley, Nicole Chesney, Katie Kilgo, Brian Rusinek, Bradley Stern, Tracy Troszak, Rhonda Baker-Levingston, Carl W. Baker, Tracey Caldwell, Tammy Walker, Lynnette F. Lambert, Tracey Martin, Mary Jill Palmer, Tana Williams, Michael A. Novak, Joseph Coney, David G. Miller, Scott Pendergast, Lawrence Singerman, Nicholas Zakov, Hernando Zegarra, Kim DuBois, Susan Rath, Lori Revella, Tammy Brink, Kim Drury, Lisa Hogue, Mary Ilc, Connie Keller, Elizabeth McNamara, Vivian Tanner, Tamara Cunningham, John DuBois, Gregg Greanoff, Trina Nitzsche, Sheila Smith-Brewer, Ricky D. Isernhagen, John W. Kitchens, Thomas W. Stone, William J. Wood, Diana Holcomb, Virginia Therrien, Michelle Buck, Jeanne Van Arsdall, Edward Slade, Todd E. Schneiderman, David J. Spinak, Jackie Gaedke, Heather Davis Brown, Dan Helgren, Jenifer Garrison Pangelinan, Lawrence Halperin, Scott Anagnoste, Mandeep Dhalla, Krista Rosenberg, Barry Taney, W. Scott Thompson, Jaclyn Lopez, Monica Hamlin, Monica Lopez, Jamie Mariano, Evelyn Quinchia, Patricia Aramayo, Rita Veksler, Michael Lee, Richard Dreyer, Irvin Handelman, Colin Ma, Mark Peters, Stephen Hobbs, Amanda Milliron, Marcia Kopfer, Michele Connaughton, A. Christine Hoerner, R. Joseph Logan, Harry J. Wohlsein, David Boyer, Thomas G. Chu, Pouya Dayani, David Liao, Roger L. Novack, Firas M. Rahhal, Richard Roe, Homayoun Tabandeh, Janet Bayramyan, Tammy Gasparyan, Connie Hoang, Janet Kurokouchi, Tammy Eileen Lo, Richard Ngo, Mary Ann Nguyen, Michael Peyton, Charles Yoon, Julio Sierra, Adam Zamboni, Jeff Kessinger, Eric Protacio, Adam Smucker, Pamela Rath, Robert Bergren, Bernard Doft, Judy Liu, Karl Olsen, Lori Merlotti, Willia Ingram, Kellianne Marfisi, Kimberly Yeckel, Heather Schultz Carmelo, Amanda Fec, Keith McBroom, David Steinberg, Marc Levy, Jody Abrams, Melvin Chen, Waldemar Torres, Peggy Jelemensky, Mark Prybylski, Tara Raphael, Diana Appleby, Charlotte Rodman, Mark Sneath, Robert H. Rosa, Vanessa Hoelscher, Adelia Castano, Jocelyn Parker, John Hoskins, Nicholas Anderson, Joseph Googe, Tod A. McMillan, James Miller, Stephen Perkins, Kristina Oliver, Jennifer Beerbower, Bruce Gilliland, Cecile Hunt, Mike Jacobus, Raul Lince, Christopher Morris, Sarah Oelrich, Jerry Whetstone, Clement K. Chan, Steven Lin, Kim Walther, Tiana Gonzales, Lenise Myers, Kenneth Huff, David M. Brown, Eric Chen, Matthew S. Benz, Richard H. Fish, Rosa Y. Kim, James Major, Tien Pei Wong, Charles Wycoff, Cassandra Cone, Debbie Goates Gilaspia, Nubia Landaverde, Robert Smith, Deneva Zamora, Veronica Sneed, Melina Vela, Eric Kegley, Craig Greven, Shree Kurup, Charles Richards, Madison Slusher, Cara Everhart, Joan Fish, Mark Clark, David Miller, Marshall Tyler, J. Michael Jumper, Arthur D. Fu, Robert N. Johnson, Brandon Lujan, H. Richard McDonald, Rosa Rodriguez, Nina Ansari, Jeanifer Joaquin, Silvia Linares, Lizette Lopez, Jessica Sabio, Sean Grout, Chad Indermill, Yesmin Urias, Roberto Zimmerman, Linda Margulies, Sara J. Schmidt, Joy L. Meier, Sherry L. Hadley, William Rosenthal, Barbara Johnson, Lois Swafford, Richard Shields, R. Scott Varner, Richard Rosen, Ronald Gentile, Melissa Rivas, Katy W. Tai, Wanda Carrasquillo-Boyd, Robert Masini, Glenn Stoller, Ken Carnevale, Diane M. LaRosa, Barbara Burger, Tereza Conway, Carla Del Castillo, Julissa Diaz, Susan Jones, Nina Mondoc, Charlene Balfour, C.H. Vitha, Jennifer Lutz, Barbara McGinley, Fadi El Baba, Ann Marie Lavorna, Renee Jones, Jean Lewis, Ruth Tenzler, Mary Salvas-Mladek, Diane Van Kesteren, W. Copley McLean, W. Zachery Bridges, Cameron Stone, Denise Ammons, Mary Lamy, Andrea Menzel, Lea Doll Raymer, Barbara Campbell, Lisa Hawkins, Leslie Rickman, Lorraine Sherlin, Paula Price, Albert Sinyai, Ronald Kingsley, Reagan H. Bradford, Robert E. Leonard, Sonny Icks, Vanessa Bergman, Brittany Ross, Russ Burris, Amanda Butt, Rob Richmond, Alice Lyon, Manjot Gill, Lee Jampol, Rukhsana Mizra, Zuzanna Rozenbajgier, Jeremy Chapman, Lori Kaminski, Andrea Degillio, Evica Simjanoski, Jeffrey Heier, Hyung Cho, Tina Scheufele Cleary, Darin Goldman, Chirag Shah, Trexler Topping, Marissa Weber, Torsten Wiegand, Jeremy Schindelheim, Joy Bankert, Jennifer Stone, Alison Nowak, Sandy Chong, Lindsay Williams, Steven Bennett, Dennis Donovan, Margaret Graham, Cullen Jones, Anne Fung, Jan-Kristine Bayabo, Razelda Bosch, Esperanza Cruz, Ashley Emerson, Alycia Fleming, Denice Barsness, Jorge Rodriguez, Marina Soboleva, Ingrid U. Scott, Esther Bowie, Kimberly A. Neely, David A. Quillen, Laura Walter, Timothy Bennett, James Strong, John Wells, Lloyd Clark, David Johnson, Peggy Miller, Mallie Taylor, Tiffany Swinford, Robbin Spivey, Michael Banach, Lawrence Ho, Richard Lanning, Thomas R. Pheasant, Jay G. Prensky, Steven Truong, Julia Teatsworth, Michelle Dietrich, Ann Wasilus, Ann Miller, Megan Rakes, Teresa Slagle, Michelle Richards, Patricia Schuessler, Lacy Stover, Paul Beer, Naomi S. Falk, Mary Beth Shannon, Jeannie Olmeda, Don Berdeen, Joseph F. Fisher, James Folk, Stephen Russell, Barbara Taylor, Connie Hinz, Jean Walshire, Heather Stockman, Bruce Critser, Stefani Karakas, Cindy Montague, Randy Verdick, Omesh Gupta, Joseph Maguire, Christopher Brady, Francis Char DeCroos, Michael Dollin, Sunir Garg, Adam Gerstenblith, Julia Haller, Allen C. Ho, Jason Hsu, Richard Kaiser, John Pitcher, Carl Regillo, Rajiv Shah, Marc Spirn, William Tasman, James Vander, Noga Senderowitsch, Michele Formoso, Michelle Markun, Cedric George, Christina Centinaro, Lisa Grande, Stefanie Carey, Elaine Liebenbaum, SriniVas Sadda, Mark Humayun, Rachel Sierra, Elizabeth Corona, Margaret Padilla, Moonseok Nu, Sylvia Ramos, Cullen Barnett, Glenn Currie, Cornelia Gottlieb, Richard Garfinkel, Daniel Berinstein, Marcus Colyer, William Deegan, Michael Min-Shyue Lai, Robert Murphy, Michael Osman, Michael Rivers, Reginald Sanders, Manfred A. von Fricken, Debbie Oliver, Jeanne Kirshon, Tanya Alexander Snowden, Thomas Blondo, Alysia Cronise, Vanessa Denny, Kylie Mendez, Janine Newgen, Justin Davis, Mike Flory, Robert Frantz, Bryan Murphy, Steve Rauch, Judy E. Kim, Jane Bachman, Thomas B. Connor, Dennis P. Han, Kimberly Stepian, David V. Weinberg, William J. Wirostko, Krissa Packard, Tracy Kaczanowski, Vesper Williams, Vicki Barwick, Judy Flanders, Dennis Backes, Joe Beringer, Kristy Keller, Kathy Selchert, Paul Bernstein, Michael Teske, Albert Vitale, Susan Allman, Bonnie Carlstrom, Kimberley Wegner, Anne Haroldsen, Deborah Harrison, Cyrie Fry, James Gilman, Glen Jenkins, Paula Morris, Michael Rauser, Joseph Fan, Mukesh Suthar, Gisela Santiago, Kara Rollins Halsey, Christy Quesada, William Kiernan, Jesse Knabb, Richard Alan Lewis, Cindy Dorenbach, Steven Spencer, Dana Barnett, Joseph Morales, Barron C. Fishburne, Jeffrey G. Gross, Michael A. Magee, Amy Flowers, Angie McDowell, Randall Price, Suber Huang, Johnny Tang, Shawn Wilker, Cherie Hornsby, Lisa Ferguson, Kirk Krogstad, Riva Adamovsky, Peggy Allchin, Kathleen Carlton, Claudia Clow, Kelly Sholtis, Stephanie Burke, Mark Harrod, Stacie Hrvatin, Geoffrey Pankhurst, Nelson R. Sabates, Michael Cassell, Komal Desai, Abraham Poulose, Felix Sabates, Yin Chen, Gary Gallimore, Yolanda Konior, Nicola Kim, Sami Uwaydat, Deborah Troillett, Karen Aletter, Robert N. Frank, Gary Abrams, James Puklin, Asheesh Tewari, Cheryl Milanovic, Melanie Bailey, David Griffith, Dena McDonald, Kit Morehead, Zlatan Sadikovic, Lisa Schillace, Elizabeth Silvis, Brian Joondeph, Nancy Christmas, Alan Kimura, Mimi Liu, Stephen Petty, John Zilis, Jenny Benitez, Cassandra Berryman Catlett, Eric Fluegel, Shane Mowry, Hoang Nguyen, David Reflow, Odette M. Houghton, Seema Garg, Maurice B. Landers, Travis Meredith, Sandy Barnhart, Megha Karmalkar, Debra Cantrell, Rona Lyn Esquejo-Leon, Linda Manor, Sue Pope, David Stines, Amelia Stokely, Dean Hainsworth, Dyann Helming, Debbie Eichelberger, Mary Paige Leaton, Chuck Hamm, Edward Chaum, Alessandro Iannaccone, Barbara Jennings, Tracy Murray, Joe Mastellone, Robert Millay, Brian Kim, Theresa Goddard, Liza Jarrett Beaudette, Nina Changelian-Aitken, Fernando Corrada, Jason Dubuque, Raymond Iezzi, Sophie J. Bakri, Jose S. Pulido, Diane Vogen, Rebecca Nielsen, Karin Berg, Jean Burrington, Shannon Howard, Joan Overend, Zbigniew Krason, Denise Lewison, Thomas Link, Kevin J. Blinder, Nicholas E. Engelbrecht, M. Gilbert Grand, Daniel P. Joseph, Gaurav K. Shah, Bradley Smith, Matthew Thomas, Rhonda Weeks, Lynda Boyd, Dana Gabel, Ron Adelman, John Huang, James Kempton, Aaron Parnes, Jennifer Dupont, Elizabeth Perotti, Victoria Donaldson, Kenneth Fong, Pamela Ossorio, Anita Agarwal, Paul Sternberg, Sandy Owings, Tony Adkins, Elaine Lok, Garvin Munn, Buddy Skellie, Neelakshi Bhagat, Monique S. Roy, Marco Zarbin, Catherine Fay, Michael Lazar, Beth Malpica, Tatiana Mikheyav, Lawrence Ulanski, Jennifer Lim, Marcia Niec, Tametha Johnson, Yesenia Ovando, Catherine Nail Carroll, Mark Janowicz, Steven Schwartz, David Cupp, Michael Gorin, Gad Heilweil, Hamid Hosseini, Jean-Pierre Hubschman, Allan Kreiger, Tara Young McCannel, Carolyn Pan, David Sarraf, Irena Tsui, Joshua Udoetek, Vinad Voleti, Logan Hitchcock, Rosaleen Ostrick, Melissa Chun, Jennie Kageyama, Nilo Davila, Kristin Lipka, Christina Shin, Cynthia Owsley, Michael Albert, Richard Feist, John Mason, Martin Thomley, Angelia Johnson, Tracy Emond, Joanna Hamela, Angela Marsh, Karen Searcey, Kia Rookard, Yu-Guang He, Rafael L. Ufret-Vincenty, Mike Molai, William Anderson, John Horna, Alan Letson, Colleen Cebulla, Susie Chang, Fred Davidorf, Jill Salerno, Laura Sladoje, Christina Stetson, Jeri Perry, Scott Savage, Cynthia Toth, Glenn Jaffe, Stefanie Schuman, Neeru Sarin, Jim Crowell, Tiffanie Keaton, Michael Kelly, Brian Lutman, Marriner Skelly, Lauren Welch, Lawrence Morse, Allan Hunter, Susanna Soon-Chun Park, Cynthia Wallace, Ember Dhillon, Marisa Salvador, Barbara Holderreed, Karishma Chandra, Sashi Kaur, Ellen Redenbo, Smiley Hom, Michael Cooney, Irene Barbazetto, James M. Klancnik, John A. Sorenson, Lawrence Yannuzzi, Maria Scolaro, Eugene Agresta, Nancy Gonzalez, Sandeep Grover, K.V. Chalam, Shailesh Gupta, Christopher Lyons, Wenhua Li, Chirag Patel, Jose Carrion, Henry Ferreyra, Amberly Rodriguez, Iliana Molina, Gabriel Balea, Pam Emory, Marlene Rico, Giorgio Siqueiros, Alexander J. Brucker, Joshua Dunaief, Juan Grunwald, Benjamin Kim, Albert M. Maguire, Brian VanderBeek, Sheri Drossner, Joan DuPont, Rebecca Salvo, Jim Berger, Cheryl Devine, Bill Nyberg, Laurel Weeney, David DiLoreto, Mina Chung, Valerie Davis, Peter MacDowell, George O. Gara, Daniel Castillo, Andrea Czubinski, Melissa Keim, Brandi Hardy, Rachel Grunhaus Hollar, Lynn Schueckler, Alice T. Lyon, Aaron Weinberg, Mira Shiloach, Nicole Pelkofer, Qin Zhou, Laura McPoland, Rajendra Apte, P. Kumar Rao, Sam Pistorius, Jamie Kambarian, Eve Adcock, Sarah Gould, Melanie Quinn, Rhonda Curtis, Amy Frost, Charla Meyer, and Greg Rathert

Subjects
0303 health sciences, medicine.medical_specialty, Visual acuity, genetic structures, business.industry, Eye disease, Hazard ratio, Age-Related Eye Disease Study, Retrospective cohort study, Fundus (eye), Macular degeneration, medicine.disease, eye diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, Ophthalmology, 0302 clinical medicine, 030221 ophthalmology & optometry, medicine, sense organs, medicine.symptom, Prospective cohort study, business, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract

Purpose To investigate the natural history and genetic associations of drusenoid pigment epithelial detachment (DPED) associated with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Design Retrospective analysis of a prospective cohort study. Participants Of the 4203 Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 (AREDS2) participants, 391 eyes (325 participants) had DPED without late AMD at the time of DPED detection. Genetic analyses included 120 white AREDS2 participants and 145 Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) participants with DPED. Methods Baseline and annual stereoscopic fundus photographs were graded centrally to detect DPED, a well-defined yellow elevated mound of confluent drusen ≥433 μm in diameter, and to evaluate progression rates to late AMD: geographic atrophy (GA) and neovascular (NV)-AMD. Five single nucleotide polymorphisms (CFH [rs10611670], C3 [rs2230199], CFI [rs10033900], C2/CFB [rs114254831], ARMS2 [rs10490924]) and genetic risk score (GRS) group were investigated for association with DPED development. Kaplan–Meier analyses and multivariable proportional hazard regressions were performed. Main Outcome Measures Progression rates to late AMD and decrease of ≥3 lines in visual acuity (VA) from the time of DPED detection; association of rate of DPED development with genotype. Results Mean (standard deviation [SD]) follow-up time from DPED detection was 4.7 (0.9) years. DPED was associated with increased risk of progression to late AMD (hazard ratio [HR], 2.36; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.98–2.82; P Conclusions This study replicates the results of previous natural history studies of eyes with DPED including the high rates of progression to late AMD and vision loss (regardless of progression to late AMD). The genetic associations are consistent with genes associated with AMD progression.

Published
2019
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6. Progression of Geographic Atrophy in Age-related Macular Degeneration

Author

Tiarnan D. Keenan, Elvira Agrón, Amitha Domalpally, Traci E. Clemons, Freekje van Asten, Wai T. Wong, Ronald G. Danis, SriniVas Sadda, Philip J. Rosenfeld, Michael L. Klein, Rinki Ratnapriya, Anand Swaroop, Frederick L. Ferris, Emily Y. Chew, John Paul SanGiovanni, Traci Clemons, Anne Lindblad, Robert Lindblad, Nilay Shah, Robert Sperduto, Wendy McBee, Gary Gensler, Molly Harrington, Alice Henning, Katrina Jones, Kumar Thotapally, Diana Tull, Valerie Watson, Kayla Williams, Christina Gentry, Francine Kaufman, Chris Morrison, Elizabeth Saverino, Sherrie Schenning, Barbara Blodi, Ronald P. Danis, Matthew Davis, Kathy Glander, Gregory Guilfoil, Larry D. Hubbard, Kristine Johnson, Ronald Klein, Barbara Nardi, Michael Neider, Nancy Robinson, Eileen Rosensteel, Hugh Wabers, Grace Zhang, Alan J. Ruby, Antonio Capone, Bawa Dass, Kimberly Drenser, Bruce R. Garretson, Tarek S. Hassan, Michael Trese, George A. Williams, Jeremy Wolfe, Tina Bell, Mary Zajechowski, Dennis Bezaire, Fran McIver, Anthony Medina, Jackie Pagett, Stephanie Hatch Smith, Lynn Swartz, Tom Treuter, Andrew Antoszyk, Justin Brown, David J. Browning, Walter Holland, Angella Karow, Kelly Stalford, Angela Price, Sarah Ennis, Sherry Fredenberg, Jenna Herby, Uma Balasubramaniam, Loraine Clark, Donna McClain, Michael McOwen, Lynn Watson, Michael Klein, Steven T. Bailey, Thomas J. Hwang, Andreas Lauer, J. Timothy Stout, Patty McCollum, Milt Johnson, Patrick B. Rice, Ivana Kim, John Loewenstein, Joan Miller, Lucia Sobrin, Lucy Young, Jacqueline Sullivan, Patricia Houlihan, Linda Merry, Ann Marie Lane, Ursula Lord Bator, Claudia Evans, Sarah Brett, Charleen Callahan, Marcia Grillo, David Walsh, Kamella Lau Zimmerman, Gary Edd Fish, Rajiv Anand, Lori E. Coors, Dwain G. Fuller, Rand Spencer, Robert C. Wang, Karen Duignan, Sally Arceneaux, Hank Aguado, Nicholas Hesse, Michael Mackens, Brian Swan, Catherine Cukras, Monica Dalal, Naima Jacobs-El, Catherine Meyerle, Benjamin Nicholson, Henry Wiley, Katherine Hall Shimel, Angel Garced, Janice Oparah, Greg Short, Alana Temple, Babilonia Ayukawa, Guy Foster, Darryl Hayes, Dessie Koutsandreas, Roula Nashwinter, John Rowan, Michael Bono, Denise Cunningham, Marilois Palmer, Alicia Zetina, David H. Orth, Kourous Rezaei, Joseph Civantos, Sohail Hasan, Kirk Packo, Celeste Figliulo, Pam Stanberry, Tara Farmer, Kiersten Nelson, Shannya Townsend-Patrick, Philip Rosenfeld, Royce Chen, Rishi Doshi, Sander Dubovy, Brian T. Kim, Matthew Lowrance, Andrew Moshfeghi, Zayna Nahas, Gary Schienbaum, John Vishak, Christina Weng, Zohar Yehoshua, Belen Rodriguez, Jose Rebimbas, Jane Gleichauf, Mike Kicak, Jason Mena, Tim Odem, Elizabeth Sferza-Camp, Alicia Disgdiertt, Jim Oramas, Isabel Rams, Stephanie Thatcher, Susan B. Bressler, Neil M. Bressler, Daniel Finkelstein, Steven H. Sherman, Sharon Solomon, Howard S. Ying, Rita Denbow, Deborah Phillips, Elizabeth Radcliffe, Judy Belt, Dennis Cain, David Emmert, Mark Herring, Jacquelyn McDonald, G. Baker Hubbard, Chris S. Bergstrom, Blaine Cribbs, Andrew Hendrick, Brandon Johnson, Philip Laird, Sonia Mehta, Timothy Olsen, Justin Townsend, Jion Yan, Steven Yeh, Linda Curtis, Judy Brower, Hannah Yi, Jannah Rutter Dobbs, Debbie Jordan, Michael J. Elman, Robert A. Liss, JoAnn Starr, Jennifer Belz, Charlene Putzulo, Teresa Coffey, Ashley Davis, Pamela Singletary, Giorya Shabi Andreani, Theresa Cain, Daniel Ketner, Peter Sotirakos, Suresh Chandra, Barbara A. Blodi, Michael M. Altaweel, Justin L. Gottlieb, Michael Ip, T. Michael Nork, Thomas S. Stevens, Kathryn Burke, Shelly Olson, Kristine Dietzman, Barbara Soderling, Guy Somers, Angie Wealti, Denise Krolnik, John Peterson, Sandra Reed, Thomas Friberg, Andrew Eller, Denise Gallagher, Leanne Labriola, Melissa Pokrifka, Aron Gedansky, Natalie Anthony, Cassandra Grzybowski, Dawn Matthews, Sharon Murajda-Jumba, Jessica Toro, David G. Callanan, Wayne A. Solley, Patrick Williams, Sandy Lash, Bob Boleman, Chris Dock, Michel Shami, Brenda Arrington, Ashaki Meeks, Alan R. Margherio, Paul Raphaelian, Debra Markus, Justin Langdon, Elizabeth Truax, Sandy Lewis, Brad Terry, Amy Noffke, Kean Oh, Ramin Sarrafizadeh, Scott Sneed, Julie Hammersley, Serena Neal, Mary Doran, Nan Jones, Lisa Preston, Heather Jessick, Tanya Tracy Marsh, Michael Tolentino, Adam Berger, Richard Hamilton, David Misch, Suk Jin Moon, Dawn Sutherland, Vera Dilts, Sara Henderson, Esmeralda Medina, Donald Trueman, Laura Holm, Jason Strickland, Darmakusuma Ie, Jeffrey L. Lipkowitz, Kekul B. Shah, Susan Geraghty, Beverly Sannazzaro, Morgan Harper, Krista Bayer, Mary B. Lansing, Lauren B. Fox, Rebecca Lee, Jay B. Stallman, Michael Jacobson, Sean Koh, Scott Lampert, John Miller, Mark Rivellese, Atul Sharma, Robert A. Stoltz, Stephanie Vanderveldt, Leslie Marcus, Starr Hendricks, Ryan Hollman, Grethel Betanzos, Leslie Ellorin, Shelly Fulbright, Debbie McCormick, Paul A. Edwards, Julianne Hall, Mary Monk, Melanie Gutkowski, Melina Mazurek, Janet Murphy, Katherine Gusas, Crystal Moffett, David Burley, Nicole Chesney, Katie Kilgo, Brian Rusinek, Bradley Stern, Tracy Troszak, Rhonda Baker-Levingston, Carl W. Baker, Tracey Caldwell, Tammy Walker, Lynnette F. Lambert, Tracey Martin, Mary Jill Palmer, Tana Williams, Michael A. Novak, Joseph Coney, David G. Miller, Scott Pendergast, Lawrence Singerman, Nicholas Zakov, Hernando Zegarra, Kim DuBois, Susan Rath, Lori Revella, Tammy Brink, Kim Drury, Lisa Hogue, Mary Ilc, Connie Keller, Elizabeth McNamara, Vivian Tanner, Tamara Cunningham, John DuBois, Gregg Greanoff, Trina Nitzsche, Sheila Smith-Brewer, Ricky D. Isernhagen, John W. Kitchens, Thomas W. Stone, William J. Wood, Diana Holcomb, Virginia Therrien, Michelle Buck, Jeanne Van Arsdall, Edward Slade, Todd E. Schneiderman, David J. Spinak, Jackie Gaedke, Heather Davis Brown, Dan Helgren, Jenifer Garrison Pangelinan, Lawrence Halperin, Scott Anagnoste, Mandeep Dhalla, Krista Rosenberg, Barry Taney, W. Scott Thompson, Jaclyn Lopez, Monica Hamlin, Monica Lopez, Jamie Mariano, Evelyn Quinchia, Patricia Aramayo, Rita Veksler, Michael Lee, Richard Dreyer, Irvin Handelman, Colin Ma, Mark Peters, Stephen Hobbs, Amanda Milliron, Marcia Kopfer, Michele Connaughton, A. Christine Hoerner, R. Joseph Logan, Harry J. Wohlsein, David Boyer, Thomas G. Chu, Pouya Dayani, David Liao, Roger L. Novack, Firas M. Rahhal, Richard Roe, Homayoun Tabandeh, Janet Bayramyan, Tammy Gasparyan, Connie Hoang, Janet Kurokouchi, Tammy Eileen Lo, Richard Ngo, Mary Ann Nguyen, Michael Peyton, Charles Yoon, Julio Sierra, Adam Zamboni, Jeff Kessinger, Eric Protacio, Adam Smucker, Pamela Rath, Robert Bergren, Bernard Doft, Judy Liu, Karl Olsen, Lori Merlotti, Willia Ingram, Kellianne Marfisi, Kimberly Yeckel, Heather Schultz Carmelo, Amanda Fec, Keith McBroom, David Steinberg, Marc Levy, Jody Abrams, Melvin Chen, Waldemar Torres, Peggy Jelemensky, Mark Prybylski, Tara Raphael, Diana Appleby, Charlotte Rodman, Mark Sneath, Robert H. Rosa, Vanessa Hoelscher, Adelia Castano, Jocelyn Parker, John Hoskins, Nicholas Anderson, Joseph Googe, Tod A. McMillan, James Miller, Stephen Perkins, Kristina Oliver, Jennifer Beerbower, Bruce Gilliland, Cecile Hunt, Mike Jacobus, Raul Lince, Christopher Morris, Sarah Oelrich, Jerry Whetstone, Clement K. Chan, Steven Lin, Kim Walther, Tiana Gonzales, Lenise Myers, Kenneth Huff, David M. Brown, Eric Chen, Matthew S. Benz, Richard H. Fish, Rosa Y. Kim, James Major, Tien Pei Wong, Charles Wycoff, Cassandra Cone, Debbie Goates Gilaspia, Nubia Landaverde, Robert Smith, Deneva Zamora, Veronica Sneed, Melina Vela, Eric Kegley, Craig Greven, Shree Kurup, Charles Richards, Madison Slusher, Cara Everhart, Joan Fish, Mark Clark, David Miller, Marshall Tyler, J. Michael Jumper, Arthur D. Fu, Robert N. Johnson, Brandon Lujan, H. Richard McDonald, Rosa Rodriguez, Nina Ansari, Jeanifer Joaquin, Silvia Linares, Lizette Lopez, Jessica Sabio, Sean Grout, Chad Indermill, Yesmin Urias, Roberto Zimmerman, Linda Margulies, Sara J. Schmidt, Joy L. Meier, Sherry L. Hadley, William Rosenthal, Barbara Johnson, Lois Swafford, Richard Shields, R. Scott Varner, Richard Rosen, Ronald Gentile, Melissa Rivas, Katy W. Tai, Wanda Carrasquillo-Boyd, Robert Masini, Glenn Stoller, Ken Carnevale, Diane M. LaRosa, Barbara Burger, Tereza Conway, Carla Del Castillo, Julissa Diaz, Susan Jones, Nina Mondoc, Charlene Balfour, C.H. Vitha, Jennifer Lutz, Barbara McGinley, Fadi El Baba, Ann Marie Lavorna, Renee Jones, Jean Lewis, Ruth Tenzler, Mary Salvas-Mladek, Diane Van Kesteren, W. Copley McLean, W. Zachery Bridges, Cameron Stone, Denise Ammons, Mary Lamy, Andrea Menzel, Lea Doll Raymer, Barbara Campbell, Lisa Hawkins, Leslie Rickman, Lorraine Sherlin, Paula Price, Albert Sinyai, Ronald Kingsley, Reagan H. Bradford, Robert E. Leonard, Sonny Icks, Vanessa Bergman, Brittany Ross, Russ Burris, Amanda Butt, Rob Richmond, Alice Lyon, Manjot Gill, Lee Jampol, Rukhsana Mizra, Zuzanna Rozenbajgier, Jeremy Chapman, Lori Kaminski, Andrea Degillio, Evica Simjanoski, Jeffrey Heier, Hyung Cho, Tina Scheufele Cleary, Darin Goldman, Chirag Shah, Trexler Topping, Marissa Weber, Torsten Wiegand, Jeremy Schindelheim, Joy Bankert, Jennifer Stone, Alison Nowak, Sandy Chong, Lindsay Williams, Steven Bennett, Dennis Donovan, Margaret Graham, Cullen Jones, Anne Fung, Jan-Kristine Bayabo, Razelda Bosch, Esperanza Cruz, Ashley Emerson, Alycia Fleming, Denice Barsness, Jorge Rodriguez, Marina Soboleva, Ingrid U. Scott, Esther Bowie, Kimberly A. Neely, David A. Quillen, Laura Walter, Timothy Bennett, James Strong, John Wells, Lloyd Clark, David Johnson, Peggy Miller, Mallie Taylor, Tiffany Swinford, Robbin Spivey, Michael Banach, Lawrence Ho, Richard Lanning, Thomas R. Pheasant, Jay G. Prensky, Steven Truong, Julia Teatsworth, Michelle Dietrich, Ann Wasilus, Ann Miller, Megan Rakes, Teresa Slagle, Michelle Richards, Patricia Schuessler, Lacy Stover, Paul Beer, Naomi S. Falk, Mary Beth Shannon, Jeannie Olmeda, Don Berdeen, Joseph F. Fisher, James Folk, Stephen Russell, Barbara Taylor, Connie Hinz, Jean Walshire, Heather Stockman, Bruce Critser, Stefani Karakas, Cindy Montague, Randy Verdick, Omesh Gupta, Joseph Maguire, Christopher Brady, Francis Char DeCroos, Michael Dollin, Sunir Garg, Adam Gerstenblith, Julia Haller, Allen C. Ho, Jason Hsu, Richard Kaiser, John Pitcher, Carl Regillo, Rajiv Shah, Marc Spirn, William Tasman, James Vander, Noga Senderowitsch, Michele Formoso, Michelle Markun, Cedric George, Christina Centinaro, Lisa Grande, Stefanie Carey, Elaine Liebenbaum, Mark Humayun, Rachel Sierra, Elizabeth Corona, Margaret Padilla, Moonseok Nu, Sylvia Ramos, Cullen Barnett, Glenn Currie, Cornelia Gottlieb, Richard Garfinkel, Daniel Berinstein, Marcus Colyer, William Deegan, Michael Min-Shyue Lai, Robert Murphy, Michael Osman, Michael Rivers, Reginald Sanders, Manfred A. von Fricken, Debbie Oliver, Jeanne Kirshon, Tanya Alexander Snowden, Thomas Blondo, Alysia Cronise, Vanessa Denny, Kylie Mendez, Janine Newgen, Justin Davis, Mike Flory, Robert Frantz, Bryan Murphy, Steve Rauch, Judy E. Kim, Jane Bachman, Thomas B. Connor, Dennis P. Han, Kimberly Stepian, David V. Weinberg, William J. Wirostko, Krissa Packard, Tracy Kaczanowski, Vesper Williams, Vicki Barwick, Judy Flanders, Dennis Backes, Joe Beringer, Kristy Keller, Kathy Selchert, Paul Bernstein, Michael Teske, Albert Vitale, Susan Allman, Bonnie Carlstrom, Kimberley Wegner, Anne Haroldsen, Deborah Harrison, Cyrie Fry, James Gilman, Glen Jenkins, Paula Morris, Michael Rauser, Joseph Fan, Mukesh Suthar, Gisela Santiago, Kara Rollins Halsey, Christy Quesada, William Kiernan, Jesse Knabb, Richard Alan Lewis, Cindy Dorenbach, Steven Spencer, Dana Barnett, Joseph Morales, Barron C. Fishburne, Jeffrey G. Gross, Michael A. Magee, Amy Flowers, Angie McDowell, Randall Price, Suber Huang, Johnny Tang, Shawn Wilker, Cherie Hornsby, Lisa Ferguson, Kirk Krogstad, Riva Adamovsky, Peggy Allchin, Kathleen Carlton, Claudia Clow, Kelly Sholtis, Stephanie Burke, Mark Harrod, Stacie Hrvatin, Geoffrey Pankhurst, Nelson R. Sabates, Michael Cassell, Komal Desai, Abraham Poulose, Felix Sabates, Yin Chen, Gary Gallimore, Yolanda Konior, Nicola Kim, Sami Uwaydat, Deborah Troillett, Karen Aletter, Robert N. Frank, Gary Abrams, James Puklin, Asheesh Tewari, Cheryl Milanovic, Melanie Bailey, David Griffith, Dena McDonald, Kit Morehead, Zlatan Sadikovic, Lisa Schillace, Elizabeth Silvis, Brian Joondeph, Nancy Christmas, Alan Kimura, Mimi Liu, Stephen Petty, John Zilis, Jenny Benitez, Cassandra Berryman Catlett, Eric Fluegel, Shane Mowry, Hoang Nguyen, David Reflow, Odette M. Houghton, Seema Garg, Maurice B. Landers, Travis Meredith, Sandy Barnhart, Megha Karmalkar, Debra Cantrell, Rona Lyn Esquejo-Leon, Linda Manor, Sue Pope, David Stines, Amelia Stokely, Dean Hainsworth, Dyann Helming, Debbie Eichelberger, Mary Paige Leaton, Chuck Hamm, Edward Chaum, Alessandro Iannaccone, Barbara Jennings, Tracy Murray, Joe Mastellone, Robert Millay, Brian Kim, Theresa Goddard, Liza Jarrett Beaudette, Nina Changelian-Aitken, Fernando Corrada, Jason Dubuque, Raymond Iezzi, Sophie J. Bakri, Jose S. Pulido, Diane Vogen, Rebecca Nielsen, Karin Berg, Jean Burrington, Shannon Howard, Joan Overend, Zbigniew Krason, Denise Lewison, Thomas Link, Kevin J. Blinder, Nicholas E. Engelbrecht, M. Gilbert Grand, Daniel P. Joseph, Gaurav K. Shah, Bradley Smith, Matthew Thomas, Rhonda Weeks, Lynda Boyd, Dana Gabel, Ron Adelman, John Huang, James Kempton, Aaron Parnes, Jennifer Dupont, Elizabeth Perotti, Victoria Donaldson, Kenneth Fong, Pamela Ossorio, Anita Agarwal, Paul Sternberg, Sandy Owings, Tony Adkins, Elaine Lok, Garvin Munn, Buddy Skellie, Neelakshi Bhagat, Monique S. Roy, Marco Zarbin, Catherine Fay, Michael Lazar, Beth Malpica, Tatiana Mikheyav, Lawrence Ulanski, Jennifer Lim, Marcia Niec, Tametha Johnson, Yesenia Ovando, Catherine Nail Carroll, Mark Janowicz, Steven Schwartz, David Cupp, Michael Gorin, Gad Heilweil, Hamid Hosseini, Jean-Pierre Hubschman, Allan Kreiger, Tara Young McCannel, Carolyn Pan, David Sarraf, Irena Tsui, Joshua Udoetek, Vinad Voleti, Logan Hitchcock, Rosaleen Ostrick, Melissa Chun, Jennie Kageyama, Nilo Davila, Kristin Lipka, Christina Shin, Cynthia Owsley, Michael Albert, Richard Feist, John Mason, Martin Thomley, Angelia Johnson, Tracy Emond, Joanna Hamela, Angela Marsh, Karen Searcey, Kia Rookard, Yu-Guang He, Rafael L. Ufret-Vincenty, Mike Molai, William Anderson, John Horna, Alan Letson, Colleen Cebulla, Susie Chang, Fred Davidorf, Jill Salerno, Laura Sladoje, Christina Stetson, Jeri Perry, Scott Savage, Cynthia Toth, Glenn Jaffe, Stefanie Schuman, Neeru Sarin, Jim Crowell, Tiffanie Keaton, Michael Kelly, Brian Lutman, Marriner Skelly, Lauren Welch, Lawrence Morse, Allan Hunter, Susanna Soon-Chun Park, Cynthia Wallace, Ember Dhillon, Marisa Salvador, Barbara Holderreed, Karishma Chandra, Sashi Kaur, Ellen Redenbo, Smiley Hom, Michael Cooney, Irene Barbazetto, James M. Klancnik, John A. Sorenson, Lawrence Yannuzzi, Maria Scolaro, Eugene Agresta, Nancy Gonzalez, Sandeep Grover, K.V. Chalam, Shailesh Gupta, Christopher Lyons, Wenhua Li, Chirag Patel, Jose Carrion, Henry Ferreyra, Amberly Rodriguez, Iliana Molina, Gabriel Balea, Pam Emory, Marlene Rico, Giorgio Siqueiros, Alexander J. Brucker, Joshua Dunaief, Juan Grunwald, Benjamin Kim, Albert M. Maguire, Brian VanderBeek, Sheri Drossner, Joan DuPont, Rebecca Salvo, Jim Berger, Cheryl Devine, Bill Nyberg, Laurel Weeney, David DiLoreto, Mina Chung, Valerie Davis, Peter MacDowell, George O. Gara, Daniel Castillo, Andrea Czubinski, Melissa Keim, Brandi Hardy, Rachel Grunhaus Hollar, Lynn Schueckler, Alice T. Lyon, Aaron Weinberg, Mira Shiloach, Nicole Pelkofer, Qin Zhou, Laura McPoland, Rajendra Apte, P. Kumar Rao, Sam Pistorius, Jamie Kambarian, Eve Adcock, Sarah Gould, Melanie Quinn, Rhonda Curtis, Amy Frost, Charla Meyer, and Greg Rathert

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, genetic structures, business.industry, Eye disease, Incidence (epidemiology), Fundus (eye), Macular degeneration, medicine.disease, eye diseases, Confidence interval, Geographic atrophy, 03 medical and health sciences, Ophthalmology, 030104 developmental biology, 0302 clinical medicine, Age related, 030221 ophthalmology & optometry, medicine, sense organs, Prospective cohort study, business
Abstract

Purpose To analyze the prevalence, incidence, and clinical characteristics of eyes with geographic atrophy (GA) in age-related macular degeneration (AMD), including clinical and genetic factors affecting enlargement. Design Prospective cohort study within a controlled clinical trial. Participants Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 (AREDS2) participants, aged 50–85 years. Methods Baseline and annual stereoscopic color fundus photographs were evaluated for GA presence and area. Analyses included GA prevalence and incidence rates, Kaplan-Meier rates, mixed-model regression, and multivariable analysis of the square root of GA, area adjusted for covariates, including clinical/imaging characteristics and genotype. Main Outcome Measures (1) Presence or development of GA; (2) change in the square root of GA area over time. Results At baseline, 517 eyes (6.2%) of 411 participants (9.8%) had pre-existing GA (without neovascular AMD), with the following characteristics: 33% central, 67% noncentral; and the following configurations: 36% small, 26% solid/unifocal, 24% multifocal, 9% horseshoe/ring, and 6% indeterminate. Of the remaining 6530 eyes at risk, 1099 eyes (17.3%) of 883 participants developed incident GA without prior neovascular disease during mean follow-up of 4.4 years. The Kaplan-Meier rate of incident GA was 19% of eyes at 5 years. In eyes with incident GA, 4-year risk of subsequent neovascular AMD was 29%. In eyes with incident noncentral GA, 4-year risk of central involvement was 57%. GA enlargement rate (following square root transformation) was similar in eyes with pre-existing GA (0.29 mm/year; 95% confidence interval 0.27–0.30) and incident GA (0.28 mm/year; 0.27–0.30). In the combined group, GA enlargement was significantly faster with noncentrality, multifocality, intermediate baseline size, and bilateral GA (P Conclusions Analyses of AREDS2 data on natural history of GA provide representative data on GA evolution and enlargement. GA enlargement, which was influenced by lesion features, was relentless, resulting in rapid central vision loss. The genetic variants associated with faster enlargement were partially distinct from those associated with risk of incident GA. These findings are relevant to further investigations of GA pathogenesis and clinical trial planning.

Published
2018
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7. Prevention of ocular scarring after glaucoma filtering surgery using the monoclonal antibody LT1009 (Sonepcizumab) in a rabbit model

Author

Craig Meyers, Glenn Stoller, Mark B. Sherwood, Don Samuelson, Monica A. Levine, Ashley R. Beattie, Jeff Min, Zachary L. Lukowski, and Gregory S. Schultz

Subjects
Intraocular pressure, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Alkylating Agents, genetic structures, medicine.medical_treatment, Mitomycin, Glaucoma, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized, Surgically-Created Structures, Article, Injections, Cicatrix, Postoperative Complications, Fibrosis, Sphingosine, medicine, Glaucoma surgery, Animals, Bleb (cell biology), Wound Healing, business.industry, medicine.disease, eye diseases, Sclera, Ophthalmology, Disease Models, Animal, medicine.anatomical_structure, Filtering Surgery, sense organs, Rabbits, Lysophospholipids, Wound healing, business, Myofibroblast, Conjunctiva
Abstract

When medication and/or laser have proven ineffective for patients with glaucoma, glaucoma filtering surgery (GFS) is the most common treatment used to control intraocular pressure (IOP). This procedure involves the creation of a new drainage channel to filter aqueous humor from the anterior chamber to the outer surface of the sclera, resulting in the formation of a subconjunctival bleb and a decrease in IOP. However, the filter can fail if scar tissue forms between the conjunctiva/Tenon capsule and the sclera at the surgical site. This scarring, caused by increased fibroblast proliferation and activation, can occur months or years after surgery resulting in poor postoperative control of IOP.1,2 In current clinical practice, the antimetabolites 5-fluorouracil and mitomycin-C (MMC) are used in conjunction with topical steroids to help reduce or prevent scarring of the filtering bleb. MMC is a potent antitumor drug derived from the bacterium Streptomyces caespitosus that inhibits fibroblast proliferation and alters conjunctival vascular epithelium.1–3 However, these agents are nonspecific and increase the risk of severe side effects by producing a thin, avascular bleb, which can be prone to late bleb leakage, infections (blebitis and endophthalmitis), hypotony, and vision loss.1,3–6 Therefore, more targeted therapeutic agents that might achieve a similar reduction in bleb scarring with fewer complications are being investigated. One alternative method for limiting tissue fibrosis is through the regulation of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a lysophospholipid signal molecule that regulates a wide range of physiological processes such as cell proliferation, migration, survival, and differentiation.7 S1P, which is synthesized from ceramide and sphingosine by the actions of sphingosine kinase , acts as an extracellular messenger by activating a set of 5 G-protein-coupled receptors.8–10 It is a key component in the regulation of the immune, cardio-vascular, and central nervous systems.7,10–12 In addition, the dysregulation and subsequent overproduction of S1P has been implicated in the processes of angiogenesis and tumor progression.7,9–12 S1P signaling has been recently associated with the regulation of ocular tissue fibrosis.8 In the eye, the presence of S1P promotes proliferation, myofibroblast transformation, collagen production, and profibrotic protein expression.8 LT1009 (Sonepcizumab) is a humanized anti-S1P monoclonal antibody that can bind to S1P, thereby limiting the amount of free S1P molecules in tissues and reducing fibrotic activity.9 Currently, the antibody is undergoing phase I clinical trials for the treatment of cancer and age-related macular degeneration.9 In this study, we evaluated the effect of local application of LT1009 on ocular scarring after GFS in the rabbit. The rabbit model is well established as a standard animal model for the investigation of wound healing and scarring after GFS.13–16 Our goals were to (I) establish the duration of LT1009 antibody in external ocular tissues after a single subconjunctival injection; (II) evaluate bleb survival of an eye treated with LT1009 compared with negative balanced saline solution (BSS) and positive MMC controls; and (III) describe the side effect profile of the antibody after GFS. Our evaluations were based on longevity of bleb elevation, together with both clinical and histologic examinations of ocular tissues.

Published
2011

8. Blockade of sphingosine-1-phosphate reduces macrophage influx and retinal and choroidal neovascularization

Author

Bing Xie, Jikui Shen, Glenn Stoller, Peter A. Campochiaro, Aymen Rashid, and Aling Dong

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, genetic structures, Physiology, Clinical Biochemistry, Biology, Retinal Neovascularization, Article, chemistry.chemical_compound, Mice, In vivo, Ischemia, Sphingosine, Ophthalmology, medicine, Animals, Humans, Sphingosine-1-phosphate, Fluorescein, Retina, Macrophages, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Retinal Vessels, Retinal, Cell Biology, eye diseases, Choroidal Neovascularization, Endothelial stem cell, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Macaca fascicularis, Choroidal neovascularization, medicine.anatomical_structure, chemistry, Immunology, Female, sense organs, medicine.symptom, Lysophospholipids
Abstract

Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive lipid molecule that stimulates endothelial cell migration, proliferation, and survival in vitro, and tumor angiogenesis in vivo. In this study, we used a humanized monoclonal antibody (sonepcizumab) that selectively binds S1P to investigate its role in retinal and choroidal neovascularization (NV). Intraocular injection of sonepcizumab significantly reduced macrophage influx into ischemic retina and strongly suppressed retinal NV in mice with oxygen-induced ischemic retinopathy. In mice with laser-induced rupture sites in Bruch's membrane, intraocular injection of sonepcizumab significantly reduced the area of choroidal NV and concomitantly reduced fluorescein leakage from the remaining choroidal NV. Four weeks after intraocular injection of up to 1.8 mg of the sonepcizumab in non-human primates, electroretinograms and fluorescein angiograms were normal, and light microscopy of ocular sections showed no evidence of structural damage. These data show for the first time that S1P stimulates both choroidal and retinal NV and suggest that sonepcizumab could be considered for evaluation in patients with choroidal or retinal NV. J. Cell. Physiol. 218: 192–198, 2009. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Published
2008

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