1. Toward Male Individualization with Rapidly Mutating Y-Chromosomal Short Tandem Repeats
- Author
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Ballantyne, K. (Kaye), Ralf, A. (Arwin), Aboukhalid, R. (Rachid), Achakzai, N.M. (Niaz), Anjos, T. (Tania), Ayub, Q. (Qasim), Balažic, J. (Jože), Ballantyne, J. (Jack), Ballard, D.J. (David), Berger, B. (Burkhard), Bobillo, C. (Cecilia), Bouabdellah, M. (Mehdi), Burri, H. (Helen), Capal, T. (Tomas), Caratti, S. (Stefano), Cárdenas, J. (Jorge), Cartault, F. (François), Carvalho, E.F. (Elizeu), Carvalho, M. (Margarete) de, Cheng, B. (Baowen), Coble, M.D. (Michael), Comas, D. (David), Corach, D. (Daniel), D'Amato, M. (Mauro), Davison, S. (Sean), Knijff, P. (Peter) de, Ungria, M.C.A. (Maria Corazon) de, Decorte, R. (Ronny), Dobosz, T. (Tadeusz), Dupuy, B.M. (Berit), Elmrghni, S. (Samir), Gliwiński, M. (Mateusz), Gomes, S.C. (Sara), Grol, L. (Laurens), Haas, C. (Cordula), Hanson, E. (Erin), Henke, J. (Jürgen), Henke, L. (Lotte), Herrera-Rodríguez, F. (Fabiola), Hill, C.R. (Carolyn), Holmlund, G. (Gunilla), Honda, K. (Katsuya), Immel, U.-D. (Uta-Dorothee), Inokuchi, S. (Shota), Jobling, R., Kaddura, M. (Mahmoud), Kim, J.S. (Jong), Kim, S.H. (Soon), Kim, W. (Wook), King, T.E. (Turi), Klausriegler, E. (Eva), Kling, D. (Daniel), Kovačević, L. (Lejla), Kovatsi, L. (Leda), Krajewski, P. (Paweł), Kravchenko, S. (Sergey), Larmuseau, M.H.D. (Maarten), Lee, E.Y. (Eun Young), Lessig, R. (Rüdiger), Livshits, L.A. (Ludmila), Marjanović, D. (Damir), Minarik, M. (Marek), Mizuno, N. (Natsuko), Moreira, H. (Helena), Morling, N. (Niels), Mukherjee, M. (Meeta), Munier, P. (Patrick), Nagaraju, J. (Javaregowda), Neuhuber, F. (Franz), Nie, S. (Shengjie), Nilasitsataporn, P. (Premlaphat), Nishi, T. (Takeki), Oh, H.H. (Hye), Olofsson, S. (Sylvia), Onofri, V. (Valerio), Palo, J. (Jukka), Pamjav, H. (Horolma), Parson, W. (Walther), Petlach, M. (Michal), Phillips, C. (Christopher), Ploski, R. (Rafal), Prasad, S.P.R. (Samayamantri P.), Primorac, D. (Dragan), Purnomo, G.A. (Gludhug), Purps, J. (Josephine), Rangel-Villalobos, H. (Hector), Reogonekbała, K. (Krzysztof), Rerkamnuaychoke, B. (Budsaba), Gonzalez, D.R. (Danel Rey), Robino, C. (Carlo), Roewer, L. (Lutz), Rosa, A. (Anna) de, Sajantila, A. (Antti), Sala, A. (Andrea), Salvador, J.M. (Jazelyn), Sanz, P. (Paula), Schmitt, C. (Christian), Sharma, A.K. (Anisha K.), Silva, D.A. (Dayse), Shin, K.-J. (Kyoung-Jin), Sijen, T. (Titia), Sirker, M. (Miriam), Siváková, D. (Daniela), Škaro, V. (Vedrana), Solano-Matamoros, C. (Carlos), Souto, L. (L.), Stenzl, V. (Vlastimil), Sudoyo, H. (Herawati), Syndercombe-Court, D. (Denise), Tagliabracci, A. (Adriano), Taylor, D. (Duncan), Tillmar, A. (Andreas), Tsybovsky, I.S. (Iosif), Tyler-Smith, C. (Chris), Gaag, K. (Kristiaan) van der, Vanek, D. (Daniel), Völgyi, A. (Antónia), Ward, D. (Denise), Willemse, P. (Patricia), Yap, E.P.H. (Eric), Yong, Z-Y. (Ze-Yie), Pajnič, I.Z. (Irena Zupanič), Kayser, M.H. (Manfred), Ballantyne, K. (Kaye), Ralf, A. (Arwin), Aboukhalid, R. (Rachid), Achakzai, N.M. (Niaz), Anjos, T. (Tania), Ayub, Q. (Qasim), Balažic, J. (Jože), Ballantyne, J. (Jack), Ballard, D.J. (David), Berger, B. (Burkhard), Bobillo, C. (Cecilia), Bouabdellah, M. (Mehdi), Burri, H. (Helen), Capal, T. (Tomas), Caratti, S. (Stefano), Cárdenas, J. (Jorge), Cartault, F. (François), Carvalho, E.F. (Elizeu), Carvalho, M. (Margarete) de, Cheng, B. (Baowen), Coble, M.D. (Michael), Comas, D. (David), Corach, D. (Daniel), D'Amato, M. (Mauro), Davison, S. (Sean), Knijff, P. (Peter) de, Ungria, M.C.A. (Maria Corazon) de, Decorte, R. (Ronny), Dobosz, T. (Tadeusz), Dupuy, B.M. (Berit), Elmrghni, S. (Samir), Gliwiński, M. (Mateusz), Gomes, S.C. (Sara), Grol, L. (Laurens), Haas, C. (Cordula), Hanson, E. (Erin), Henke, J. (Jürgen), Henke, L. (Lotte), Herrera-Rodríguez, F. (Fabiola), Hill, C.R. (Carolyn), Holmlund, G. (Gunilla), Honda, K. (Katsuya), Immel, U.-D. (Uta-Dorothee), Inokuchi, S. (Shota), Jobling, R., Kaddura, M. (Mahmoud), Kim, J.S. (Jong), Kim, S.H. (Soon), Kim, W. (Wook), King, T.E. (Turi), Klausriegler, E. (Eva), Kling, D. (Daniel), Kovačević, L. (Lejla), Kovatsi, L. (Leda), Krajewski, P. (Paweł), Kravchenko, S. (Sergey), Larmuseau, M.H.D. (Maarten), Lee, E.Y. (Eun Young), Lessig, R. (Rüdiger), Livshits, L.A. (Ludmila), Marjanović, D. (Damir), Minarik, M. (Marek), Mizuno, N. (Natsuko), Moreira, H. (Helena), Morling, N. (Niels), Mukherjee, M. (Meeta), Munier, P. (Patrick), Nagaraju, J. (Javaregowda), Neuhuber, F. (Franz), Nie, S. (Shengjie), Nilasitsataporn, P. (Premlaphat), Nishi, T. (Takeki), Oh, H.H. (Hye), Olofsson, S. (Sylvia), Onofri, V. (Valerio), Palo, J. (Jukka), Pamjav, H. (Horolma), Parson, W. (Walther), Petlach, M. (Michal), Phillips, C. (Christopher), Ploski, R. (Rafal), Prasad, S.P.R. (Samayamantri P.), Primorac, D. (Dragan), Purnomo, G.A. (Gludhug), Purps, J. (Josephine), Rangel-Villalobos, H. (Hector), Reogonekbała, K. (Krzysztof), Rerkamnuaychoke, B. (Budsaba), Gonzalez, D.R. (Danel Rey), Robino, C. (Carlo), Roewer, L. (Lutz), Rosa, A. (Anna) de, Sajantila, A. (Antti), Sala, A. (Andrea), Salvador, J.M. (Jazelyn), Sanz, P. (Paula), Schmitt, C. (Christian), Sharma, A.K. (Anisha K.), Silva, D.A. (Dayse), Shin, K.-J. (Kyoung-Jin), Sijen, T. (Titia), Sirker, M. (Miriam), Siváková, D. (Daniela), Škaro, V. (Vedrana), Solano-Matamoros, C. (Carlos), Souto, L. (L.), Stenzl, V. (Vlastimil), Sudoyo, H. (Herawati), Syndercombe-Court, D. (Denise), Tagliabracci, A. (Adriano), Taylor, D. (Duncan), Tillmar, A. (Andreas), Tsybovsky, I.S. (Iosif), Tyler-Smith, C. (Chris), Gaag, K. (Kristiaan) van der, Vanek, D. (Daniel), Völgyi, A. (Antónia), Ward, D. (Denise), Willemse, P. (Patricia), Yap, E.P.H. (Eric), Yong, Z-Y. (Ze-Yie), Pajnič, I.Z. (Irena Zupanič), and Kayser, M.H. (Manfred)
- Abstract
Relevant for various areas of human genetics, Y-chromosomal short tandem repeats (Y-STRs) are commonly used for testing close paternal relationships among individuals and populations, and for male lineage identification. However, even the widely used 17-loci Yfiler set cannot resolve individuals and populations completely. Here, 52 centers generated quality-controlled data of 13 rapidly mutating (RM) Y-STRs in 14,644 related and unrelated males from 111 worldwide populations. Strikingly, >99% of the 12,272 unrelated males were completely individualized. Haplotype diversity was extremely high (global: 0.9999985, regional: 0.99836-0.9999988). Haplotype sharing between populations was almost absent except for six (0.05%) of the 12,156 haplotypes. Haplotype sharing within populations was generally rare (0.8% nonunique haplotypes), significantly lower in urban (0.9%) than rural (2.1%) and highest in endogamous groups (14.3%). Analysis
- Published
- 2014
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