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How can we conceptualise politicised integration at the global level? Functionalism and neo-functionalism are de-politicised, technocratic theories of integration dispensing with ideology and contestation, while post-functionalist approaches address politicisation but not supra-national integration. Drawing on comparative macro-historical theories, this article suggests a conceptualisation of politicised integration that extends exit–voice and political structuring models used at national and European levels to global integration. The replacement of territorial divisions with cleavages cutting across world regions – core–periphery and North–South divisions, civilisations and 'multiple modernities' – creates the conditions for cross-territorial dimensions of contestation, along which cross-regional membership groups link, coordinate and form bonds of solidarity. The de-territorialisation of global cleavages and the regional convergence it brings about, provide the social bases for mass politics rather than elitist policy integration. The conceptualisation of integration is political rather than technocratic, and one in which collective decision making is a matter of pluralist contestation rather than problem-solving expertise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How does global integration affect environmental activism? I develop a theoretical argument which highlights that global integration’s effect is conditional on political ideology. Countries’ integration in the world society leads to diffusion of environmental attitudes. However, people’s political ideology restrains this positive effect. The assumed incompatibility between economic prosperity and environmental reform exerts a strong influence on attitudes of right-leaning individuals, who end up acting less for promoting environmental protection. I test this argument using multilevel model techniques on data from 35 European countries from 1980 to 2020. The results support my argument and show that global integration has an effect only on left-leaning individuals. In light of these results, the paper offers insights on the expansion of the environmental divide – ‘action gap’ – among individuals with different ideologies. The study also highlights how concerns about environmental consequences are still linked to an ideological commitment to laissez-faire economics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the configuration of international HRM strategies to understand how an MNE pursues global integration and local responsiveness simultaneously in HRM. Drawing upon cases of eight South Korean and Japanese MNEs, we identify different patterns of configuration of five international HRM strategies that shape distinct sets of activities. We show that the firms pursue global integration and local responsiveness simultaneously, but in distinct ways, by configuring international HRM strategies for both integration and responsiveness rather than solely just relying on either one. Our findings offer insight into how MNEs actually manage the duality of global integration and local responsiveness at the strategy level beyond the hybridization of global standardization and localization of practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of the digital economy in Azerbaijan contributes to the country’s modernisation and competitiveness in the global economic landscape, which is why research on this topic is relevant. The purpose of the research was to study, provide an objective assessment and organize the fundamental elements related to the advancement of the digital economy in Azerbaijan. The methods used included analytical method, statistical method, functional method, system analysis, deduction, synthesis, and comparison. The study analysed the existing condition of digital infrastructure in Azerbaijan, including an assessment of broadband Internet access, mobile coverage, and digital literacy. The main industries and sectors that have a major impact on the country’s digital development were also analysed. A research investigation delved into the influence of digital development on society and residents of the country, analysing its impact on the labour market, education, healthcare, public administration, consumer habits, and other aspects. One of the key aspects of the research is an in-depth study of the sources of funding and investment for digital projects in the country. In addition, a comparative analysis of various digital and economic indicators of Azerbaijan with similar data from other highly developed countries was carried out. The practical significance of the obtained results lies in their use for solving modern problems related to the advancement of the main spheres of the digital economy in Azerbaijan. The findings offer valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders, aiding in addressing contemporary challenges within Azerbaijan’s digital economy

This article analyses communal projects in the first half of the twentieth century. It investigates communes in various places of the non-Western world, including the Tolstoy Farm in South Africa, the Nōson Seinen Sha's anarchist commune in imperial Japan, and the Rastafarian Pinnacle Commune on Jamaica. At first glance these communes seem completely unrelated as they emerged in distinct cultural and historical contexts. However, bringing them into conversation demonstrates that these communes equally showcase a high degree of integration into global structural transformations of the early twentieth century. Mobility and the body are applied as analytical perspectives to underscore, firstly, the similarity and connectivity of these otherwise very different and distinctive communal projects. Secondly, mobility and the body also illustrate the importance of doing utopia , acknowledging historical experience and practice beyond established analysis of utopia that are too often concerned with mapping utopia's discursive formation. And finally, this article complements transnational comparative and global connected history by accentuating similarity and the interplay of integration and marginality as analytical tools to narrate a decentred global history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Academic Journal of Agriculture / Akademik Ziraat Dergisi is the property of University of Ordu, Faculty of Agriculture, Academic Journal of Agriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study examined the critical but scarcely analyzed topic of integration in neighborhood planning units (NPUs) by analyzing local and global integration across 12 distinct NPU network designs in Abu Dhabi, including two different suburban phases. Utilizing pedestrian route directness (PRD) and Betweenness centrality as analytical tools, this study conducted an analysis covering four specialized tasks, each representing a distinct aspect of a trip ranging from a local to a global scale by using streets only and streets with alley scenarios. The results showed that global directness in NPUs notably outperforms local directness in street-only analyses, challenging longstanding beliefs regarding inherent NPU segregation. Furthermore, the study categorized grid networks as comprising concentrated centrality, whereas fragmented and interlocked networks exhibited dispersed centrality. After incorporating alleys into the analysis, an enhancement of street directness was observed across all networks on the local and global scales. In addition, the alleys exhibited centrality dispersion across all tested networks, along with a slight increase in centrality concentration in the selected segments. This study develops an initiative for improved neighborhood planning by promoting a more comprehensive understanding of global NPU integration.

For a long time, many studies have been involved with the globalization research among academia, business practitioners, and policy analysts. It is highly controversial on what globalization is about. Scholars and experts explore globalization from a variety of perspectives with an emphasis on business and economic matters. Many recognize that it was complex of examining globalization. Based on the literature reviewed, this study aims at discussing the globalization as an ongoing integration process. By taking an interdisciplinary approach, the article seeks for clarifying the concept of globalization. It is to examine globalization from a globalizing process. The study concludes that globalization is an ongoing process of globalizing culture, economy, and institution towards a global integration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Al Bashaer Economic Journal is the property of Al Bashaer Economic Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin of Ablai Khan KazUIRandWL: Series 'Pedagogical Sciences' is the property of Kazakh Ablai Khan University of International Relations & World Languages and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Philosophy, Culture & Political Science is the property of Al-Farabi Kazakh National University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article explores the interrelation between economic growth and foreign direct investments (FDI) in the countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) in 1993–2019. The research focuses on the impact of new FDI inflows per capita, as well as the influence of accumulated foreign capital (FDI stock per capita) on GDP growth per capita. This article has aimed to find the causal link between GDP growth and FDI inflows, as well as between GDP growth and FDI stock per capita in the CIS countries. The research methods include: empirical and statistical research, synthesis of practical and theoretical matters, methods of mathematical modelling. Discussion. FDI in the CIS countries are often determined by market size and market growth potential, which ensure a favourable business environment for foreign investors. Data obtained during the analysis suggest that the CIS countries mainly attract market-oriented FDI, which is consistent with the findings of the authors. Thus, the accumulated foreign capital stock has positive impact on economic growth in the CIS countries. Results. Foreign direct investments for economic growth act through such factors as gross domestic product, interest rate, average wages, exchange rate, consumer price index, political stability. The coronavirus pandemic factor is assessed by the authors as negatively affecting the investment attractiveness of countries; the use of digital technologies in handling FDI, according to the authors, is debatable issue.

Understanding neural mechanisms of consciousness remains a challenging question in neuroscience. A central debate in the field concerns whether consciousness arises from global interactions that involve multiple brain regions or focal neural activity, such as in sensory cortex. Additionally, global theories diverge between the Global Neuronal Workspace (GNW) hypothesis, which emphasizes frontal and parietal areas, and the Integrated Information Theory (IIT), which focuses on information integration within posterior cortical regions. To disentangle the global vs. local and frontoparietal vs. posterior dilemmas, we measured global functional connectivity and local neural synchrony with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data across a spectrum of conscious states in humans induced by psychedelics, sleep, and deep sedation. We found that psychedelic states are associated with increased global functional connectivity and decreased local neural synchrony. In contrast, non-REM sleep and deep sedation displayed the opposite pattern, suggesting that consciousness arises from global brain network interactions rather than localized activity. This mirror-image pattern between enhanced and diminished states was observed in both anterior-posterior (A-P) and posterior-posterior (P-P) brain regions but not within the anterior part of the brain alone. Moreover, anterior transmodal regions played a key role in A-P connectivity, while both posterior transmodal and posterior unimodal regions were critical for P-P connectivity. Overall, these findings provide empirical evidence supporting global theories of consciousness in relation to varying states of consciousness. They also bridge the gap between two prominent theories, GNW and IIT, by demonstrating how different theories can converge on shared neuronal mechanisms., Competing Interests: Competing interests: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

The interdependence between globalization and cinematography has significantly changed modern films and in many ways contributed to the establishment of a worldwide film business. Actual problem of increasing the competitiveness of film companies at the international level should be solved through the participation of all actors of the film industry in integration processes is growing in the context of globalization and increased competition among participants in the global film market. The purpose of a comprehensive is to identify the problematic aspects of the influence of foreign culture on Russian cinema, which is one of the elements of national culture, and to develop management decisions related to the achievement of competitive advantages by Russian film companies in the context of globalization. The methodological base of scientific research was made by such modern general scientific research methods as: comparative analysis, statistical and structural-logical methods. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the development of management decisions of Russian film companies for their sustainable socio-economic development. As a result of the analysis of globalization process impact on the film industry, various forms of global integration of the global film industry in modern geopolitical and economic conditions were identified, which became the main subject of research, since globalization had such a strong influence on the global film industry that it greatly changed the understanding of the film as an object of art and as an intellectual film business product. Based on the analysis of the activities of the Russian film industry, the ability of Russian film companies to integrate into the global film business on the basis of a strategy of gradual democratic development has been established. The economic results of film production and film distribution showed that the Russian film industry, providing significant growth in the domestic market, remains an insufficiently large-scale political and economic phenomenon in the global film business and is still located on the periphery of the global film market. Using empirical research of the global film industry various models of integration strategies were formulated. Such strategies and their combinations are used in the international cinema market in various film companies depending on the size of the domestic market, labor market conditions, regulatory production mechanisms and the content analysis of movies.

Copyright of Acta Scientiarum Polonorum: Architectura is the property of Wydawnictwo SGGW and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

It is increasingly clear that China's economic and political power rivals that of the US. This is potentially a serious problem for multinational companies, since China's rise could lead to more US–China trade conflict and disruption of supply chains, threatening new and ongoing foreign direct investment, and drawing other countries into the jostling for power. However, we argue that globalization is not necessarily endangered by China's emergence as a comparable power to the US. The US and China both have vested interests in maintaining the open economic order, and these two countries are each providing the global public goods that incentivize economic openness among other countries of the world. In this paper, we develop a theory corresponding to this argument and provide evidence that globalization has not declined even as the global distribution of power has shifted. While global integration is likely to persist, disruptive skirmishes between the US and China will occur with some regularity. Therefore, we suggest that international company strategies today should focus more on risk management related to policy shifts stemming from China's rise and less on achieving least-cost global supply chains. We present a risk management framework for this purpose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The preparation of annual consolidated financial statements, in the context of the existence of group companies, represents a relatively new problematic issue for accounting practitioners, the world of the academia, as well as for the regulating bodies in the field of accounting. This situation generates intense debates among accounting specialists with the aim of finding practical solutions that facilitate the understanding and correct application of accounting regulations in the area of consolidating accounts. The present article approaches, by means of a case study, the specific aspects related to the consolidation of affiliated entities’ accounts by means of using the global integration method and the direct consolidation procedure.

Sensitivity to subtle changes in the shape of visual objects has been attributed to the existence of global pooling mechanisms that integrate local form information across space. Although global pooling is typically demonstrated under steady fixation, other work suggests prolonged fixation can lead to a collapse of global structure. Here, we ask whether small ballistic eye movements that naturally occur during periods of fixation affect the global processing of radial frequency (RF) patterns-closed contours created by sinusoidally modulating the radius of a circle. Observers were asked to discriminate the shapes of circular patterns and RF-modulated patterns while fixational eye movements were recorded binocularly at 500 Hz. Microsaccades were detected using a velocity-based algorithm, allowing trials to be sorted according to the relative timing of stimulus and microsaccade onset. Results revealed clear perisaccadic changes in shape discrimination thresholds. Performance was impaired when microsaccades occurred close to stimulus onset, but facilitated when they occurred shortly afterward. In contrast, global integration of shape was unaffected by the timing of microsaccades. These findings suggest that microsaccades alter the discrimination sensitivity to briefly presented shapes but do not disrupt the spatial pooling of local form signals.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Microsaccades cause rapid displacement of visual images during fixation and dramatically alter the perception of basic image features. However, their effect on more complex aspects of visual processing is not well understood. Here, we demonstrate a dissociation in the impact of microsaccades on shape perception. Although overall shape discrimination performance is modulated around the time of microsaccades, the pooling efficiency of global mechanisms that combine local form information across space remains unaffected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of European Mirror / Európai Tükör is the property of National University of Public Service and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Depressive symptoms following a stressful life event, such as a relationship breakup, are common, and constitute a potent risk factor for the onset of a major depressive episode. Resting-state neuroimaging studies have increasingly identified abnormal whole-brain communication in patients with depression, but it is currently unclear whether depressive symptoms in individuals without a clinical diagnosis have reliable neural underpinnings. We investigated to what extent the severity of depressive symptoms in a non-clinical sample was associated with imbalances in the complex dynamics of the brain during rest. To this end, a novel intrinsic ignition approach was applied to resting-state neuroimaging data from sixty-nine participants with varying degrees of depressive symptoms following a relationship breakup. Ignition-based measures of integration, hierarchy, and metastability were calculated for each participant, revealing a negative correlation between these measures and depressive ratings. We found that the severity of depressive symptoms was associated with deficits in the brain’s capacity to globally integrate and process information over time. Furthermore, we found that increased depressive symptoms were associated with reduced spatial diversity (i.e., hierarchy) and reduced temporal variability (i.e., metastability) in the functional organization of the brain. These findings suggest the merit of investigating constrained dynamical complexity as it is sensitive to the level of depressive symptoms even in a non-clinical sample.

The article analyzes the development of global and regional economic integration in modern conditions. The authors identified and characterized the main components of a transparent mechanism for the development of regional trade agreements in the multilateral trading system.

The study investigates the practices of the McGill MBA Japan Program in dealing with the issue of adapting to the host country while providing education comparable to that of the home institution. Based on semi-structured interviews with academic directors, academic staffs, administrators, students and other stakeholders of the McGill MBA Japan Program, we found that the McGill MBA Japan Program maintained a very high degree of global integration with the home institution regarding staffing and curriculum and like many other international branch campuses, it does not emphasise the importance of localising research in operation. These findings, we argue, result from the interaction between the McGill MBA Japan Program and its external stakeholders including McGill University's Desautels Faculty of Management, students, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology in Japan and local competitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of globalization, the initial impact of a foreign cultural environment is often shocking on account of the conflict between self-stereotypes (how we see ourselves) and hetero-stereotypes (how we see the others and how the others see us). Therefore, the paper relies on representations of the Romanians in foreign literature and media as concrete examples of stereotypical perceptions of diversity. Ultimately, the study points out that global integration is a matter of cultural awareness, which is a permanent reconciliation of pre-conceived ‘images’.

• Employs a GVAR model to analyze US monetary policy spillovers. • Differentiates between direct and indirect effects on foreign economies. • 10 bp Fed cut boosts foreign output by 0.06 ppt; indirect effects amplify this to 0.47 ppt. • Highlights the role of global integration in increasing spillovers. • Finds indirect effects most pronounced in financially open countries. This paper uses a GVAR model to analyze the direct and indirect (via commodity prices and cross-country interactions) spillover effects of US monetary policy on foreign economies and the ensuing spillbacks to the US. A ten basis points cut in the US interest rate directly boosts an average foreign economy's output by 0.06 percentage points, but indirect effects amplify this to 0.47 percentage points. These findings underscore that the recent increase in spillovers is primarily driven by global, rather than US-specific, integration. Indirect cross-country effects are most pronounced in financially open countries, regardless of their exchange rate regime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]