Search

Optimizing the interface between biomaterials and dental hard tissues can prevent leakage of bacteria or inflammatory mediators into periapical tissues and thus avoid alveolar bone inflammation. In this study, an analysis system for testing the periodontal-endodontic interface using gas leakage and subsequent mass spectrometry was developed and validated using the roots of 15 single-rooted teeth in four groups: (I) roots without root canal filling, (II) roots with an inserted gutta-percha post without sealer, (III) roots with gutta-percha post and sealer, (IV) roots filled with sealer only, and (V) adhesively covered roots. Helium was used as the test gas, and its leakage rate was found by measuring the rising ion current using mass spectrometry. This system made it possible to differentiate between the leakage rates of tooth specimens with different fillings. Roots without filling showed the highest leakage values ( p < 0.05). Specimens with a gutta-percha post without sealer showed statistically significantly higher leakage values than groups with a filling of gutta-percha and sealer or sealer alone ( p < 0.05). This study shows that a standardized analysis system can be developed for periodontal-endodontic interfaces to prevent biomaterials and tissue degradation products from affecting the surrounding alveolar bone tissue.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficiency of different implant-decontamination methods regarding biofilm modification and potential cytotoxic effects. Therefore, the amount of biofilm reduction, cytocompatibility, and elementary surface alterations were evaluated after decontamination of titanium and zirconium surfaces., Material and Methods: Titanium and zirconium disks were contaminated with a newly developed high-adherence biofilm consisting of six microbial species. Decontaminations were performed using titanium curette, stainless steel ultrasonic scaler (US), glycine (GPAP) and erythritol (EPAP) powder air-polishing, Er:YAG laser, 1% chlorhexidine (CHX), 10% povidone-iodine (PVI), 14% doxycycline (doxy), and 0.95% NaOCl solution. Microbiologic analysis was done using real-time qPCR. For assessment of cytocompatibility, a multiplex assay for the detection of cytotoxicity, viability, and apoptosis on human gingival fibroblasts was performed. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to evaluate chemical alterations on implant surfaces., Results: Compared with untreated control disks, only GPAP, EPAP, US, and Er:YAG laser significantly reduced rRNA counts (activity) on titanium and zirconium (p < .01), whereas NaOCl decreased rRNA count on titanium (p < .01). Genome count (bacterial presence) was significantly reduced by GPAP, EPAP, and US on zirconium only (p < .05). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses revealed relevant re-exposure of implant surface elements after GPAP, EPAP, and US treatment on both materials, however, not after Er:YAG laser application. Cytocompatibility was impaired by CHX, PVI, doxy, and NaOCl. CHX and PVI resulted in the lowest viability and doxy in the highest apoptosis., Conclusions: Within the limits of this in vitro study, air-polishing methods and ultrasonic device resulted in effective biofilm inactivation with surface re-exposure and favorable cytocompatibility on titanium and zirconium. Chemical agents, when applied on implant surfaces, may cause potential cytotoxic effects., (© 2022 The Authors. Clinical Oral Implants Research published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Background: Pinoxaden is a new cereal herbicide that provides outstanding levels of post-emergence activity against a broad spectrum of grass weed species for worldwide selective use in both wheat and barley., Results: Factors influencing activity and tolerance to pinoxaden were in part linked to distinct structural parts of the active ingredient. Three complementary contributions that decisively impact upon the herbicidal potency against grasses were identified: a preferred 2,6-diethyl-4-methyl aromatic substitution pattern, a dione area suitable for proherbicide formation and beneficial adjuvant effects. The uptake and translocation pattern of pinoxaden when coapplied with its tailored adjuvant were analysed by autoradiography, indicating extensive and rapid penetration, followed by effective distribution throughout the plant. Crop injury reduction on incorporation of the [1,4,5]oxadiazepane ring into the aryldione template was reinforced with safener technology. Comparative studies on the behaviour of pinoxaden applied either alone or in combination with the safener cloquintocet-mexyl demonstrated that addition of the safener resulted in significant enhancement of metabolic degradation in wheat and barley, providing excellent crop tolerance and a substantial selectivity margin without adverse effects on weed control., Conclusion: The biological potential of pinoxaden and its active principle pinoxaden dione in terms of grass weed control and tolerance in cereals was fully exploited by inclusion of the safener cloquintocet-mexyl in the formulation in combination with a specific and tailor-made tank-mix adjuvant based on methylated rape seed oil., (Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry.)

Derivatives of the new class of 3-hydroxy-4-phenyl-5-oxo-pyrazolines were optimized towards both herbicidal activity on key annual grass weed species and selectivity in small grain cereal crops. The generic structure can be separated into three parts for the analysis of the structure-activity relationships, namely the aryl, the dione with its prodrug forms and the hydrazine moiety. Each area appears to play distinct and different roles in overall expression of biological performance which is further beneficially influenced by adjuvant response and safener action. Pinoxaden 6, a novel graminicide for use in wheat and barley incorporating a [1,4,5]oxadiazepane ring, eventually emerged as a development candidate from the discovery and optimization process.

Objective: To determine the reproductive outcome of women who received a microsurgical tubal anastomosis operation at age 40 years or older., Design: Multicenter retrospective cohort study., Setting: Four university teaching hospitals., Patients: Fifty-two women having undergone tubal sterilization reversal at age > or = 40 years., Main Outcome Measures: Pregnancy and live birth rate., Results: Of the 52 women, 10 were lost to follow-up. Of those traced, 18 of 42 (42.8 percent) conceived. Of those 18, 6 patients had a live birth, 10 patients had a first trimester spontaneous abortion, 1 patient had an ectopic pregnancy, and 1 patient had an elective termination. Overall, the live birth rate was 14.3 percent, spontaneous abortion rate was 23.8 percent, and ectopic pregnancy rate was 2.4 percent., Conclusions: Microsurgical tubal anastomosis is a justifiable alternative to IVF-ET in women age 40 years or older.

Our purpose was to characterize the growth pattern of the corpus luteum of early normal human pregnancy and correlate this growth with the corpus luteum hormone products: relaxin, progesterone, estradiol and 17-hydroxyprogesterone. A prospective study of seven patients was initiated at a mean gestational age of 4 weeks and 2 days. Corpus luteum volume and hormone concentrations were determined for each study patient every 48 h for a period of 2 weeks. Transvaginal imaging of the corpus luteum was performed by a single observer. Corpus luteum volume was calculated using the formula for an ellipsoid (4/3 pi abc/8). Correlation between corpus luteum volume and hormone concentrations was tested using Pearson's r. There was a mean three-fold increase in corpus luteum volume between 4 and 6 weeks' gestational age. Concomitantly, relaxin and estradiol concentrations increased, 17-hydroxyprogesterone declined slightly, progesterone remained stable and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) increased exponentially. Mean positive correlations were shown between corpus luteum volume and relaxin (r = 0.72), corpus luteum volume and hCG (r = 0.68), and hCG and relaxin (r = 0.82). However, there was a lack of correlation between corpus luteum volume and estradiol, progesterone and 17-hydroxyprogesterone. We have shown that a rapid increase in the corpus luteum volume occurs in early normal human pregnancy without a parallel rise in the classic corpus luteum steroid products. We interpret these findings to suggest that growth of the corpus luteum in early human pregnancy is largely derived from the proliferation of non-steroid secreting cells. The precise role of these cells in controlling steroidogenesis in this gland has yet to be defined.

Objective: To determine whether color flow pulsed Doppler analysis of corpus luteum blood flow in normal cycles differs from cycles with a luteal phase defect., Design: A prospective study of natural ovarian cycles., Setting: The University of Vermont Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility Service., Patients: Ten women with regular menstrual cycles and at risk for luteal phase defect (LPD) four with unexplained infertility, two with recurrent abortion, and four with age > 35 years., Interventions: All women were examined by transvaginal color flow pulsed Doppler during the early follicular, late follicular, early luteal, midluteal, and late luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Venous blood for P concentration was drawn on each day of Doppler exam. Urine testing for LH surge and endometrial biopsy during the late luteal phase were performed on each patient., Main Outcome Measures: Lowest resistance index associated with the highest amplitude signal from intraovarian vessels of each ovary, dated endometrial biopsies, serum P., Results: Mean resistance indexes in LPD patients (n = 3) were significantly higher compared with normal women (n = 6) throughout the follicular and luteal phases. One patient remained anovulatory and was excluded from statistical analysis. Although systolic and diastolic velocities generally were observed to be lower in LPD patients compared with normal women, these differences were not statistically significant. High correlations were observed between P and resistance index within each luteal time point, achieving its highest value during the midluteal phase., Conclusions: This initial study provides evidence that color flow pulsed Doppler analysis of blood flow impedance to the corpus luteum may aid in assessing luteal phase adequacy.

Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of single-dose systemic methotrexate (MTX) in the treatment of ectopic pregnancy (EP)., Design: A database was started and continued prospectively for 35 patients meeting criteria for MTX therapy from June 1991 to October 1993. Follow-up was performed retrospectively on all patients with EPs (n = 82) by evaluating hospital and clinic records and by contacting affiliated physicians and individual patients., Setting: The University of Vermont Reproductive Endocrinology Service., Interventions: Methotrexate 50 mg/m2 was administered IM; blood samples were collected on days 0, 4, and 7 of MTX therapy and weekly thereafter until hCG titers became < 4 mIU/mL., Results: Thirty-five of 82 (42.7%) patients diagnosed with EP were treated with MTX. The mean hCG concentration on day of treatment was 1388.1 +/- 463.5 (+/- SE) mIU/mL, and mean time to complete resolution of hCG was 23.1 +/- 2.9 days. Thirty of 35 (85.7%) were successfully treated with a single dose of MTX. Five of 35 (14.3%) failed therapy and required laparoscopic surgery. Twelve of 35 (34.3%) experienced mild side effects that resolved spontaneously. Ten of 13 (76.9%) demonstrated tubal patency at follow-up hysterosalpingogram. Of the 15 patients seeking pregnancy, 3 of 15 (20.0%) conceived, resulting in 3 term deliveries and 2 spontaneous abortions., Conclusions: Our results support the use of single-dose systemic MTX for the treatment of unruptured EP in carefully selected patients.

Objective: Our purpose was to establish the efficacy and safety of nifedipine versus magnesium sulfate in arresting preterm labor and the efficacy of nifedipine versus terbutaline in preventing recurrent labor., Study Design: Singleton pregnancies at < 34 weeks in preterm labor were randomized to either oral nifedipine or intravenous magnesium sulfate. In case of tocolysis failure ritodrine was added. After labor was arrested, the patients in the nifedipine group were maintained on oral nifedipine, and those in the magnesium sulfate group were treated with oral terbutaline until completing 34 weeks., Results: Of 100 patients 80 were considered eligible, of whom 39 were randomized to the nifedipine group. Both groups were comparable in terms of a number of entry variables, including cervical examination, contraction frequency, and gestational age. Both drugs were equally effective in arresting labor and delaying delivery > 48 hours, 92% versus 93%. Both study groups had a similar incidence of side effects, although four (10%) of magnesium sulfate-treated patients required drug discontinuation because of severe symptoms. Nifedipine was as effective as terbutaline in preventing recurrent labor, 26% versus 24%, and in achieving a gestation > 34 weeks, 62% versus 68%., Conclusions: Oral nifedipine is as effective as magnesium sulfate and terbutaline in arresting and preventing idiopathic preterm labor.

personality tests were administered to 33 participants in a 3-month intensive resident human growth program, at the beginning and end of the program and again 1-year later. A control group of 13 members of the families of some of the participants also took the tests on the same dates. The control group, showed no statistically significant changes on nearly all measured personality traits for the growth group participants were evident on post-testing and also 1 year later.