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espanolIntroduccion. En Peru, los trastornos hipertensivos del embarazo son la segunda causa de mortalidad materna. Objetivo. La presente guia de practica clinica basada en evidencias (GPC-BE)brinda recomendaciones para la prevencion y tratamiento de la pre-eclampsia y eclampsia. Metodos. Se elaboro una GPC-BE adaptada mediante unproceso sistematico, riguroso y transparentecon un grupo elaborador conformado por metodologos y profesionales de la salud expertos en el manejo de la enfermedad. La guia cuenta con dieciseis preguntas clinicas y dieciseis recomendaciones. Se realizo la busqueda y preseleccion de GPC, las mismas que fueron evaluadas mediante el instrumento “Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II” (AGREE-II), para su adaptacion. La busqueda sistematica de evidencias para responder las preguntas clinicas se realizo en multiples bases de datos: MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE/Ovid, Cochrane Library, LILACS y SciELO. Las evidencias fueron seleccionadas y analizadas criticamente por pares clinicos y metodologicos; las recomendaciones fueron elaboradas mediante la metodologia Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE). Resultados. Con la participacion de un panel de expertos clinicos del Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal, redes de salud y otras instituciones de referencia, se elaboraron 16 recomendaciones dirigidas a la prevencion y tratamiento de mujeres gestantes en riesgo de pre-eclampsia, gestantes con pre-eclampsia, eclampsia o enfermedad hipertensiva. Conclusiones. Este articulo resume la guia de practica clinica basada en evidencias para la prevencion y tratamiento de pre-eclampsia y eclampsia en gestantes en el instituto de referencia nacional en salud materna y neonatal del Peru. EnglishIntroduction. In Peru, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are the second cause of maternal mortality. Objective. This evidence-based clinical practice guideline (EB-CPG) provides recommendations for the prevention and treatment of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. Methods. An adapted EB-CPG was elaborated through a systematic, rigorous and transparent process with a group consisting of methodologists and health professionals who are experts in the management of the disease. The guide has sixteen clinical questions and sixteen recommendations. The search and pre-selection of EB-CPGs were performed, which were evaluated through the “Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II” tool (AGREE-II), for its adaptation. The systematic search for evidence to answer the 16 clinical questions were made in multiple databases: MEDLINE / PubMed, EMBASE / Ovid, Cochrane Library, LILACS and SciELO. Evidences were selected and analyzed critically by clinicians and methodologists in pairs, recommendations were elaborated through the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation methodology (GRADE). Results. With the participation of a panel of clinical experts from the National Perinatal Maternal Institute, representatives from health care networks and other reference institutions, 16 recommendations were established for the prevention and treatment of pregnant women at risk of pre-eclampsia, for pregnant women with pre-eclampsia, eclampsia or hypertensive disease. Conclusions. This article summarizes the evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for the prevention and treatment of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia in peruvian pregnant women for the national reference institute for maternal and neonatal health of Peru

Background Translating research evidence from global guidance into policy can help strengthen health systems. A workbook was developed to support the contextualization of the WHO’s ‘Optimizing health worker roles to improve maternal and newborn health’ (OptimizeMNH) guidance. This study evaluated the use of the workbook for the development of evidence briefs in two countries — Peru and Uganda. Findings surrounding contextual factors, steps in the process and evaluation of the workbook are presented. Methods A qualitative embedded case study was used. The case was the process of using the workbook to support the contextualization of global health systems guidance, with local evidence, to develop evidence briefs. Criterion sampling was used to select the countries, participants for interviews and documents included in the study. A template-organizing style and constant comparison were used for data analysis. Results A total of 19 participant-observation sessions and 8 interviews were conducted, and 50 documents were reviewed. Contextual factors, including the cadres, or groups, of health workers available in each country, the way the problem and its causes were framed, potential policy options to address the problem, and implementation considerations for these policy options, varied substantially between Peru and Uganda. However, many similarities were found in the process of using the workbook. Overall, the workbook was viewed positively and participants in both countries would use it again for other topics. Conclusions Organizations that produce global guidance, such as WHO, need to consider institutionalizing the application of the workbook into their guidance development processes to help users at the national/subnational level create actionable and context-relevant policies. Feedback mechanisms also need to be established so that the evidence briefs and health policies arising from global guidance are tracked and the findings coming out of such guideline contextualization processes can be taken into consideration during future guidance development and research priority-setting.

Este artículo presenta intervenciones para prevenir la mortalidad y lesiones por accidentes de tránsito (AT), desde la evidencia científica y perspectiva de los actores involucrados. Para ello se realizó una búsqueda sistemática, se organizó un resumen de políticas con participación de actores clave para finalmente realizar un dialogo deliberativo con representantes técnicos de las diversas instituciones relacionadas con el abordaje del problema propuesto. Describe las intervenciones relacionadas a educación, infraestructura vial, asistencia pre-hospitalaria, normatividad y fiscalización que fueron insumo para la contextualización a nuestro medio local. Los representantes técnicos multisectoriales aportaron consideraciones para su implementación, los potenciales beneficios o daños, el uso de recursos, adaptaciones necesarias, posibles barreras y facilitadores para su abordaje. Presenta el rol canalizador que desarrolló el Instituto Nacional de Salud para colaborar en la transferencia de la evidencia a la práctica. Asimismo, plantea necesidades de investigación, que requieren ser abordados en las intervenciones integrales de seguridad vial., This article presents interventions to prevent mortality and injuries from traffic accidents (TA), from the scientific evidence and perspective of the actors involved. For this purpose, a systematic search was carried out, a policy summary was organized with the participation of key actors to finally carry out a deliberative dialogue with technical representatives of the various institutions related to the approach of the proposed problem. Describe evidence-based interventions related to education, integral infrastructure, pre-hospital assistance, regulations and control that were deliberate and contextualized to our local environment. The multi-sector technical representatives contributed considerations for its implementation, the potential benefits or damages, the use of resources, necessary adaptations, possible barriers and facilitators for its approach. It presents the channeling role that National Institute of Health developed to collaborate in the transfer of evidence to practice. It also raises research needs, which need to be addressed in comprehensive road safety interventions

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El objetivo de estudio fue conocer las percepciones sobre la vacunación contra la rabia silvestre en comunidades nativas de la etnia Awajún, en Amazonas, Perú, 2012. Realizamos un estudio cualitativo a través de entrevistas de baja estructuración, para recoger las percepciones de la población, autoridades locales y personal de salud. Las percepciones sobre las causas de la RS fueron atribuidas a murciélagos portadores de alguna infección, veneno y daño sobrenatural, o al efecto de brujería. Manifestaron el efecto mortal de la RS e información variada sobre la posibilidad o ausencia de tratamiento. Como medidas de prevención refirieron el uso de mosquiteros, mallas, tramperas, infusiones e ungüentos, luego mencionaron a la vacuna. Sobre la vacunación contra la RS, refirieron haber recibido información del personal de salud, manifestando argumentos para oponerse o cuestionarla como: el objetivo encubierto de perjudicar el desarrollo del pueblo Awajún, no ser una vacuna necesaria y la generación de efectos negativos en niños y adultos. Las percepciones recogidas hacia este tipo de vacunación manifiestan diversos cuestionamientos sobre su potencial beneficio o necesidad en la comunidad y están relacionadas tanto a aspectos religiosa-culturales y socioeconómicos como a las relaciones de comunicación con el estado y el sistema de salud peruano. O objetivo do estudo foi determinar as perspectivas sobre a vacinação contra raiva silvestre na população awajún da província de Condorcanqui, Amazonas, em 2012. Foi realizada pesquisa qualitativa em seis comunidades por meio de entrevistas de baixa estrutura para a recolecção das perspectivas dos moradores, autoridades locais tradicionais e pessoal de saúde. As principais percepções recolhidas sobre as causas do RS foram atribuídas a: morcegos portadores de uma infecção, veneno ou portadores de algum poder sobrenatural; ou por efeito de feitiçaria. Foram expressos o efeito letal da enfermidade e diversas informações sobre a possibilidade ou não de tratamento. Na prevenção da RS, mencionou-se principalmente uso de mosquiteiros, malhas, caçadores, chás e pomadas, depois as opções da vacina foram expressas. Em relação à vacinação, além de expressar a recepção de informações de saúde, foram dados argumentos para justificar sua rejeição ou questionamentos, como: o objetivo secreto de prejudicar ao desenvolvimento do povo Awajun; não ser necessária; e a geração de efeitos negativos em crianças e adultos. Estas perspectivas expressam diversos questionamentos enquanto seu potencial benéfico ou necessidade na comunidade e estão relacionadas tanto aos fatores socioeconômicos como as relações de comunicação com o estado e o sistema de saúde peruano. The aim of this study was to determine the perspective for wild rabies (RS) vaccine in Awajún Peruvian population, Amazonas, 2012. A qualitative study was conducted in six communities across low structured interviews, designed to collect the perspective of the participants. We included community members, local authorities and health care personnel. Perception about RS causes was attributed to bats carrying infection, poison and supernatural harm, or the effect of witchcraft or damage. It was expressed the deadly effect and several information on the possibility or no treatment. To prevent the use of insecticide RS, tights, trappers, teas and ointments were mentioned, then came the vaccine. In relation to vaccination, besides expressing receipt of health information, were given arguments to oppose or question it as: the hidden objective to harm the Awajún people; not required by the population; and generation of adverse effects in children and adults. These perspectives addressing several questions about their potential benefit or right need it in the population and are associated to religious-cultural and socioeconomic factors as to the relationship with the health care systems and Peruvian government.