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The paradigmatic relations of metalinguistics turn out to be one of the few manifestations of the systemic qualities of the verbal inventory of the natural language. In turn, to describe a natural language (“object language”), a metalanguage is used - the language of the “second” level, while the concept of “metalanguage” is much more voluminous than just the concept of “terminology (=terminosystem)”. This article examines the elements of the linguistics terminological system, first of all, paradigmatic relations are associative relations based on partial similarity between lexical units of the same type by some attribute, while at the same time distinguishing by some other attributes. The metalanguage of linguistics is not an initially defined (preceding scientific research) system, but is the final stage of a linguistic phenomenon, which is based on systemic relations between lexical units (including between terms), explicitly reflecting the principle of unity of expression and content.

В статье рассматривается практический опыт разработки и внедрения в учебный процесс унифицированного словаря-глоссария с переводом терминов и их интерпретаций на семь языков: русский, английский, латинский, таджикский, арабский, узбекский и хинди. Показаны основные принципы разработки рабочей модели глоссария с подробной инструкцией и описанием первоисточников. Работа проводилась на базе кафедры биологии, гистологии, эмбриологии и цитологии ФГБОУ ВО «АГМУ Минздрава РФ» с привлечением студентов 1-2 курсов, являющихся носителями языка в рамках проектной деятельности.В ходе работы выделена роль парадигматических и синтагматических отношений элементов глоссария, а также отмечены условия составления модели, необходимые для достижения студентами-участниками проекта высокого уровня формирования профессиональной коммуникативной (в т.ч. иноязычной) компетенции.

Object ives. The possibility of using semantic technologies for the development and improvement of the content management system of the scientific and educational portal eLab-Science and the Belarusian nuclear knowledge portal BelNET (Belarusian Nuclear Education and Training Portal, https://belnet.by/) created on its basis is being considered.Methods. Original algorithms for automatic systematization have been developed, such as placing content records in the portal taxonomy based on semantic technologies and generating a list of keywords. The following concepts of semantic technologies are used: taxonomy (hierarchical structure of the portal), thesaurus, glossary. Resul t s. The developed algorithms were implemented and tested using a full-text search tool and the original Belarusian glossary on nuclear and radiation safety.Conclusion. The described basic principles of organization and algorithms based on semantic technologies, which underlie the functioning of the content management system of the scientific and educational portal eLab-Science and the Belarusian nuclear knowledge portal BelNET, created on its basis, make it possible to effectively implement the placement of content records in the portal taxonomy, as well as automatically generate a set of keywords for the resource being created

THE PRESENT PAPER REPRESENTS AN IN-EXTENSO VARIANT OF MY PRESENTATION FOR THE TERMINOLOGICAL CIRCLE, UBB, CLUJ NAPOCA, WHICH I DELIVERED IN FEBRUARY 2024. THEREFORE, THE ARTICLE COMPRISES THE DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE TERMINOLOGICAL WORK UNDERGOING A MULTILINGUAL GLOSSARY. THE TERMINOLOGICAL WORK IS A NECESSARY TOOL IN THE TRANSLATION JOB. IN OTHER WORDS, TRANSLATING, READ AS, FINDING THE EQUIVALENCE OF A TEXT FROM THE SOURCE LANGUAGE TO THE TARGET LANGUAGE IS AN EXTENSIVE PROCESS IMPLYING FINDING THE TERMS OF THE SPECIALIZED DOMAIN, FINDING THE DOMAIN, RESEARCHING THE PARALLEL TEXTS TO FIND THE APPROPRIATE EQUIVALENCE CLOSE TO THE REALITY IN THE TARGET LANGUAGE. TO OFFER THE READER AN EXAMPLE OF THE TERMINOLOGY SHEETS I INCLUDED A FEW RANDOM ENTRIES. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. The Old English poem Beowulf known to us in the manuscript of the X-XI centuries embodies the epic world picture of the Anglo-Saxons, idealized past time. With the changing of scientific paradigms, the methods of analyzing the text of Beowulf have also been modified in different fields of science particularly in linguistics. Semantic units description has been held with the considering of etymological reconstruction as well as development of lexical systems. The article of J.R.R. Tolkien (1936) started to form the trend towards literary interpretation of the text. Lexicographical works can also be a valuable source of information on semantic scope of lexical units. Purpose. The article considers the semantic scope and the shades of meaning of the Old English lexeme beorn. Materials and methods. The research material comprises the text of the Old English poem Beowulf, glossaries by J. Kemble (1837), B. Thorpe (1855), W.J. Sedgefield (1913), F. Klaeber (1950), A. Wyatt (1898), the glossaries to online projects Beowulf on Steorarume, Gutenberg, online etymological dictionary by D. Harper, University of Glasgow online Thesaurus of Old English, J.R. Clark Hall amended Anglo-Saxon dictionary (1916). The continuous sampling, contextual analysis, dictionary criticism methods were used. Results. The article considers the etymology of the Old English lexeme beorn, and its etymological parallels. With the help of continuous sampling the lines with the noun were found in the text of the poem. On this basis the meanings of the noun and the shades of its meaning were determined, i.e. “man”, “warrior”, “hero”, “noble man”. The analysis of the dictionary entries proves the extension of their interpretation from 19th to 21st centuries, the scope of the meaning of the noun and its shades. Practical implications. The results of the research can be used in teaching students history of the English language. The findings can be used to enlarge the dictionaries to the Old English poem Beowulf.

Recent decades have seen the re-discovery or emergence of a diverse range of housing models such as cohousing, co-operatives, community land trusts, and other forms that seek to address various persistent issues of social, environmental, and economic justice. This has generated commensurate growth in research on the objectives and outcomes of such models, including the creation of relevant typologies of conceptual approaches and schemas of organisational objectives to build understanding of the field's theoretical and practical implications. Despite the growth of relevant models, their relative unfamiliarity and diversity of forms and objectives means practitioners, researchers, policymakers, and others associated with the field may not understand the forms and objectives of models under examination and development, leading to delays, project failures, and confusion. This paper therefore presents a glossary of community-led housing as a base on which to continue to foster understanding and growth of relevant models, and enable collaborative and comparative work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The specialised community of (Anglophone) mountaineers began producing their own systematic lexicographical output in the second half of the 19th century. Since then, digitalisation has led to more and more online resources of 'Mountaineering English' (MountE) being created. In this contribution, a major print dictionary by Samet (2011) is compared to four online resources of MountE in terms of their micro-structure and their macro-structure. The study shows that, with few exceptions, the online resources make little use of digital affordances; the print dictionary is the most comprehensive and the most complex in almost all aspects. However, there are important differences between all five resources as far as their micro- and macro-structures are concerned. Overall, the paper highlights that, while the lexicographical efforts of the community are laudable, more work needs to be done. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses terminological consistency issues of three software testing glossaries used in academia and industry. The evaluation focus mainly deals with a sub-characteristic of information quality such as consistency, which includes syntactic and semantic consistency. To systematically conduct this study, we have established a set of activities or steps. These include defining the evaluation goal and scope, selecting the glossaries, conceiving the terminological categories, classifying the glossary terms into categories, calculating syntactic and semantic similarities, analyzing consistency, and making recommendations. For instance, for the testing domain, eight terminological categories were conceived, in which, for each selected glossary, a corresponding term is included in a category, considering the semantics intended by the authors of these standard documents. To count the occurrence frequency of a term in the glossaries, a tool was built that also takes into account the matching of synonyms. Then, a comparative analysis of syntactic and semantic consistency was carried out for all the terms ending in the word "testing," which enables us to give recommendations. This exploratory study identifies some inconsistencies that might deserve further attention and efforts to promote agreement and harmonization among the authors/editors of these glossaries in order to provide their readers with the most consistent and easiest way to understand and learn software testing concepts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, the translation of pharmaceutical prospectuses is one of the most frequent scientific-technical translation assignments. The specialized language that characterizes the presentation of its sections and content makes knowledge of its macrostructure essential. Hence, the need arises to advocate methodologies and didactic materials that respond to the new current challenges in education. This phraseological research focuses on the importance of the translation (Russian/Spanish) of the pharmaceutical leaflet as a textual genre within the field of medical translation to account for the phraseological units (collocations) of specialized discourse, as well as serve as a didactic strategy for future translators.

Abstract Objectives In general, a terminology shared and agreed by different stakeholders is important to facilitate communication and cooperation. This holds true in the field of vascular ageing for the benefit of global cardiovascular health. The need to promote a common language and understanding across this area was recognised by VascAgeNet, a collaborative network with relevant and diverse expertise in the vascular ageing field, supported by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology. To contribute to the spread of unified terms in the vascular ageing field, a glossary was created by VascAgeNet and this paper describes the systematic process used for its development. Methods An initial list of terms and preliminary definitions were collated from the network. A dedicated team was created to design the glossary development process, to facilitate its implementation and to maximise outreach and dissemination. The key steps of the process were to determine: (1) the target audience; (2) a list of priority terms; (3) a template structure for definitions; (4) methods for collecting feedback and (5) the dissemination plan. Results An implementation strategy was provided for each key step and shared within the network; main decisions were agreed by all members of the glossary team. Small groups of definitions were released on a regular basis within a pilot phase including 19 terms (status: 05.09.2023) that were published openly at https://vascagenet.eu/official-glossary . Conclusions The strategy for creating the first Vascular Ageing Glossary has been successfully designed and developed within VascAgeNet. A pilot phase covering the first publicly available terms was completed. The glossary is a living document, available to the scientific community, which aims to unify the vascular ageing language.

This article considers the formation and arrangement of the logotherapeutic terminological system. The latter developed after Viktor Frankl had introduced his logotherapy, a psychotherapeutic approach that revolves around the search for meaning; however, since that time, the advance of psychology and logotherapy has been accompanied by the emergence of many new terms and the growing need for clarification of some of the already established concepts. Now, it is getting increasingly important to create a more complete system of logotherapeutic terms that would be in line with the modern logotherapeutic idea of a human, as well as with the phenomena defining our personality from multiple angles and the world in general. Here, based on two logotherapeutic glossaries (one in Russian from A.I. Averyanov’s “Logotherapy and Existential Analysis: A Theory of Personality”, the other in English from M.H. Lewis’ “Logotherapy and Existential Analysis: A Glossary of English Terms”), the above need was justified. It was concluded that such a system should be structured as a glossary with regard to certain aspects (the presence of closed lexical groups, high-frequency words, and consistency of descriptions in all entries). Some problems and difficulties that arise at the macrostructural (including or ignoring items in the glossary without a clear reason, violating the alphabetical order, and spelling errors) and microstructural (in relation to defining the components of an entry) levels of the future glossary of logotherapeutic terms were identified and analyzed.

Abstract: In the future, learning will be essentially characterized by the ability to regulate the learning process and monitor success independently from a teacher. The technical possibilities offer better access to learning contents, precise and more individualized feedback, and learning phases adapted precisely to the needs of the learner in terms of scope and pace. In this study, we investigate an important aspect of the digitization of teaching/learning processes using the example of laboratory scripts for chemistry students at university. The focus is on looking up terms and concepts in preparation for the lab internships, firstly in a paper-based glossary and secondly in a digital glossary. During a two-day study, a total of 16 students prepared for experiments on two topics with completely identical materials. We then studied the influence of content knowledge, motivation, and cognitive load. While all students show significant learning achievements, there are no significant differences between the groups. Furthermore, results show that pure digitization of information has no effect, despite the theoretically assumed advantages.

IntroductionThe healthcare pathway is at the heart of public health organization concerns, but communication between the various players can be an obstacle. This work, produced by a French transdisciplinary team, offers a methodological approach based on formalized consensus to elaborate a glossary of healthcare pathways. A two-steps procedure was elaborated, including a double rounded Delphi method to formalize expert consensus, and two groups of experts: a workgroup and a review group.MethodsThe workgroup provided a list of words or expressions that, in their opinion, described, evaluated or compared the healthcare pathways for patients, caregivers or regulators. The review group checked this list and added or deleted words or expressions. Then, definitions were added by the workgroup based into account three dimensions: official, academic and from the field. The review group validated the definitions and provided complementary proposals if needed.ResultsAfter pooling the list of words proposed by each of the six members of the working group, 417 words/expressions were ranked. After the two rounds of evaluation, 294 words/expressions were rated “appropriate” and were analyzed by the review group. This group, after two rounds of evaluation, agreed on 263 words/expressions that were transmitted to the working group who defined them. These definitions were rated by the review group. The first round of evaluation established 195 definitions as being appropriated whereas 68 definitions were amended by the review group.ConclusionThis glossary supports transdisciplinary communication, reduces the extent of variations in practice and optimizes decision-making. International debate on all aspects might be strengthened by an improved understanding of the concept of health pathway.

The interpreter’s prior preparation for a specialised assignment poses a constant challenge for professionals given the usual time constraints experienced in interpreting. The use of an integral application that optimises the prior preparation process from a dual linguistic and extralinguistic perspective will allow the interpreter to contextualise the topic of the event in an agile and effective manner. In order to define the basis on which this application should be designed, this study, which is part of a larger one focused on analysing the way in which prior preparation and glossary elaboration are approached at different educational and professional levels, aims to respond to three objectives: identifying the nature of the main drawbacks encountered by interpreters when preparing for an assignment; identifying the factors that interpreters recognise as determining in increasing the degree of their preparation; and, finally, identifying the interpreters’ future prospects in terms of prior preparation. To this end, a questionnaire was developed aimed at working professional interpreters, to which 41 subjects have responded so far. The preliminary data collected will allow us to initially define the guidelines that will mark the development of the application that aims to combine the linguistic and extralinguistic knowledge acquired by the interpreter for each new assignment in order to guarantee the most effective contextualisation of the speaker’s words and, consequently, achieve the greatest degree of success.

The International Consortium on Manual Therapies (ICMT) is a grassroots interprofessional association open to any formally trained practitioner of manual therapy (MT) and basic scientists promoting research related to the practice of MT. Currently, MT research is impeded by professions' lack of communication with other MT professions, biases, and vernacular. Current ICMT goals are to minimize these barriers, compare MT techniques, and establish an interprofessional MT glossary. Practitioners from all professions with training in manual therapies were encouraged by e-mail and website to participate (). Video conferences were conducted at least bimonthly for 2.5 years by profession-specific and interprofessional focus groups (FGs). Members summarized scopes of practice, technique descriptions, associated mechanisms of action (MOA), and glossary terms. Each profession presented their work to the interprofessional FG to promote dialogue, understanding and consensus. Outcomes were reported and refined at numerous public events. Focus groups with representatives from 5 MT professions, chiropractic, massage therapy, osteopathic, physical therapy and structural integration identified 17 targeting osseous structures and 49 targeting nonosseous structures. Thirty-two techniques appeared distinct to a specific profession, and 13 were used by more than 1. Comparing descriptions identified additional commonalities. All professions agreed on 4 MOA categories for MT. A glossary of 280 terms and definitions was consolidated, representing key concepts in MT. Twenty-one terms were used by all MT professions and basic scientists. Five terms were used by MT professions exclusive of basic scientists. Outcomes suggested a third to a half of techniques used in MT are similar across professions. Additional research is needed to better define the extent of similarity and how to consistently identify those approaches. Ongoing expansion and refinement of the glossary is necessary to promote descriptive clarity and facilitate communication between practitioners and basic scientists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article aims to present the steps which led to the design of ONCO_ESP_IT corpus and terminological glossary, tools for laypersons popularization in the field of Oncology in Spanish and Italian. Firstly, the macrostructure of fact sheets for patients has been analyzed. Subsequently, a comparative analysis of its terminology has been carried out. As a result of such analysis, a corpus and a terminological glossary have been created. The glossary, in particular, intends to become a tool for laypersons, as well as a professional tool for those who need to know and implement the terminology of oncology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: From the perspective of Knowledge Organization Systems (KOS) related to intellectual property (IP), this study seeks to understand the use of two Brazilian KOS tools in IP. To achieve this goal, it analyzes the thesaurus proposed to the Graduate Program in Intellectual Property and Innovation (PPGPI) and the Glossary of the National Institute of Industrial Property (INPI). Methods: To carry out this assessment, a descriptive and qualitative methodology was structured along with a theoretical review of the fields related to the research theme. Results: The findings reveal that both KOS were very well developed. Conclusions: It is concluded, therefore, that the thesaurus removes the ambiguities of the terms used in the INPI Academy and makes appropriate terminological standardization. The Glossary in IP has the potential to contribute to this area of knowledge, being able to reach a broad audience, such as researchers and citizens interested in better understanding the concepts in IP, as they improve communication among researchers, facilitate access to information for inventors and companies, and support teaching and learning in IP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The great expedition of 1768-1774, the so-called Orenburg Expedition, gathered a wealth of information about Russia's eastern landscapes, including ethnographic and linguistic material. In my previous studies I have dealt with the Mordvin, Mari and Udmurt vocabulary of the expeditions, in this paper I present the Mansi material of the expedition led by Peter Simon Pallas. In the description of travel (Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des Rußischen Reichs in den Jahren I-III.), Pallas mentions the Mansi in two places. The first part of the second volume describes the Mansis. In the first part of the third volume, Pallas publishes a 53-word table with data on the Khanti, Mansi and Mordvin. The largest part of the vocabulary is made up of numerals, but there are also names for parts of the body, animals, natural formations, god, devil, human and man. Pallas classifies the Mansi data in the header of the glossary as Sosva, but gives no information about the data providers. Based on the linguistic data, it seems likely that he had a communicator(s) who spoke not only Sosva but also a Middle-Lozva dialect. The transcription of the Mansi words in the glossary is relatively good. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blockchain's language and terminology is confusing, contested, and rapidly changing. As a hype-driven technology, Blockchain is critical to an increasing number of projects that exist in a space of regulatory uncertainty. As communities of blockchain develop and evolve, the language they use to describe these functions changes. This causes concerns when attempting to have global regulatory certainty and clarity. Regulators and communities have different approaches to blockchain language, and this causes problems because of the translation between practical use in a community, and the legal effects created by regulators. Of particular concern is the lack of clear expression amongst the broader community regarding the concept of blockchain-related assets as these 'tokens', 'coins', and 'assets' form a key part of financial regulation. This project uses semiotics to study the diverse language associated with blockchain. This analyzes a series of self-proclaimed 'dictionaries of blockchain' to assess key definitions, themes, perceptions, and misconceptions present in these communities. The study involved a case analysis of the terminology used in Australia's proposed response to blockchain in comparison with that of wider communities. When comparing this to regulatory definitions and approaches, it becomes clear that this is an area that requires further attention. This project highlights the need for regulators to understand and use common terms in blockchain regulation. It is argued that this approach facilitates a better understanding of poorly understood concepts and clearly connects the law with those it intends to target. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among the challenges in organizing ethnoknowledge is adhering to the theoretical methodological principle of literary warrant. This paper seeks to build a terminological tool that meets both the principle of literary warrant and the decolonial perspective. In Mário de Andrade's work Macunaíma, we identified the connection with an ethno- literature that served us as a literary warrant for constructing a notional system grounded in a decolonial perspective. The corpus was compiled from the glossary produced by M. Cavalcanti Proença. Proença's research drew from Tupinologist sources, comprising records of an ethno-literature previously unknown to us. These records are rooted in narratives of the once-forgotten General Language of the Amazon, the Nheengatu. Proença's sources also include the Brazilian South Americanist Capistrano de Abreu, and the German ethnologist Theodor Koch-Grünberg. The research identified 2112 entries consisting of terms and synonyms. Each entry was accompanied by a definition that considered both the semantic aspect and the historical context. Collectively, these entries grant us with the depth and richness of Brazilian vocabulary at its roots. Despite encountering representation challenges akin to those in interdisciplinary spaces, the Macunaíma's Decolonial Glossary will contribute to the documentation of the National Inventory of Linguistic Diversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A useful glossary to describe the forest in a simple and scientifically correct way and to explain its importance for the future of our society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review of Words of Weather: A Glossary, edited by Jussi Parikka and Daphne Dragona, discusses the volume's underlying themes of materiality of weather, problems of human exceptionalism, and posthuman responses to living in a climatically precarious world by contextualizing its exploration of unique and often unexpected terms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research project that motivated this work aims to address the various aspects of Amazonian literature, culture, identity, language, and fauna to English speakers. Its primary objective is to disseminate this knowledge by translating a glossary written entirely in Portuguese by the reviewer André Fillipe Fernandes, which is an integral part of the novel Wolvesland by Dalcídio Jurandir. To achieve this, we have adopted Britto's methodology (2006c), which strives to capture as many significant characteristics of the source text as possible in the target language. This approach is influenced by the fidelity concerns discussed in Britto (2002), emphasizing the importance of maintaining a high degree of correspondence between the source and target texts for a faithful translation. The purpose of this presentation is to examine the translation strategies employed, including omission, addition (Menezes 2017), and word class alteration, which can be valuable for other translators and researchers. Additionally, we created a pictionary, images incorporated alongside specific glossary entries, facilitating the construction of their meaning.

Copyright of Journal of Tikrit University for Humanities is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Information Library Magazine 'INFOLIB' is the property of National Library of Uzbekistan named after Alisher Navoi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the future, learning will be essentially characterized by the ability to regulate the learning process and monitor success independently from a teacher. The technical possibilities offer better access to learning contents, precise and more individualized feedback, and learning phases adapted precisely to the needs of the learner in terms of scope and pace. In this study, we investigate an important aspect of the digitization of teaching/learning processes using the example of laboratory scripts for chemistry students at university. The focus is on looking up terms and concepts in preparation for the lab internships, firstly in a paper-based glossary and secondly in a digital glossary. During a two-day study, a total of 16 students prepared for experiments on two topics with completely identical materials. We then studied the influence of content knowledge, motivation, and cognitive load. While all students show significant learning achievements, there are no significant differences between the groups. Furthermore, results show that pure digitization of information has no effect, despite the theoretically assumed advantages.In the future, learning will be essentially characterized by the ability to regulate the learning process and monitor success independently from a teacher. The technical possibilities offer better access to learning contents, precise and more individualized feedback, and learning phases adapted precisely to the needs of the learner in terms of scope and pace. In this study, we investigate an important aspect of the digitization of teaching/learning processes using the example of laboratory scripts for chemistry students at university. The focus is on looking up terms and concepts in preparation for the lab internships, firstly in a paper-based glossary and secondly in a digital glossary. During a two-day study, a total of 16 students prepared for experiments on two topics with completely identical materials. We then studied the influence of content knowledge, motivation, and cognitive load. While all students show significant learning achievements, there are no significant differences between the groups. Furthermore, results show that pure digitization of information has no effect, despite the theoretically assumed advantages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pharmacovigilance agreements (PVA) landscape has evolved over recent decades with rapid growth in the number and complexity of partnerships, mergers, and acquisitions between pharmaceutical companies. Simultaneously there has been increasing scrutiny from regulatory authorities. Detailed regulations and guidance are lacking in this domain; hence companies have developed their own processes, templates, and tools, which have headed in different directions. Where feasible, marketing authorization holders (MAHs) have written contracts based on mutually understood requirements. Currently, MAHs are striving to find optimal solutions that safeguard patients, and in turn, support pharmacovigilance compliance. Through the TransCelerate BioPharma consortium MAHs are seeking simplification and efficiencies, to optimize the process of developing contractual agreements for pharmacovigilance. A survey of MAHs confirmed the perceptions above, and the need for efficient solutions to help navigate through the maze of complexity. The authors have led the development of tools and techniques to enable partnership between MAHs, and ultimately to support patient safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pixo: Revista de Arquitetura Cidade e Contemporaneidade is the property of Pixo Revista de Arquitetura Cidade e Contemporaneidade and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background. The Old English poem Beowulf is one of the samples of the Anglo-Saxon poetic tradition and the culture. This work keeps secrets that attract attention of culture experts, historians, linguists, including lexicographers. The 19th century became a starting point for making dictionaries to this poem. Both dictionaries as the text can be a valuable source of information about semantic scope of lexical items. Purpose. The article considers the semantic scope and the shades of the meaning of the Old English æðeling. Materials and methods. The research material comprises the text of the Old English poem Beowulf, unindependent glossaries by J. Kemble 1837, B. Thorpe 1855, W.J. Sedgefield 1913, F. Klaeber 1950, A. Wyatt 1898, the glossaries to online projects Beowulf on Steorarume, Gutenberg. The continuous sampling, contextual analysis, dictionary criticism methods were used. Results. The article considers the etymology of the Old English lexeme æðeling, and its etymological parallel lines. On the basis of the text examples the meaning of the noun and the shades of the meaning were determined. They are “king”, “noble man”, “warrior”, “descendants of noble and glorious”, “weak man”, “bold man”, “noble kinsman”. The analysis of the dictionary entries proves the wide semantic meaning and the shades of the meaning of the noun. The dynamics of the development of the definition in the dictionaries of the 19-21th centuries is also fixed. Practical implications. The results of the research can be used in teaching students History of the English Language. Also, they can be used for replenishing the dictionaries to the Old English poem Beowulf.

The article describes the concept of building an explanatory dictionary on Information Technologies based on the anthropological principles of Philosophy of Technics. This field of philosophical research deals with understanding the nature of technology and technics, and assesses its impact on the Society, the Culture and the Man. The importance of such an approach is dictated by the increasing destructive impacts that the Fourth Industrial Revolution made on the development of many scientific fields. Moreover, these disastrous consequences affect social structures associated with the upbringing of the new generation of the Russians, their education, the search for guidelines in their future professional activities, and the formation of the civic identity, which is the basis of the holistic personality. A certain kind of modern IT glossaries limitation is their purely technical nature, which met the needs of the information society at the stage when it was being formed. However, when IT were developing, there were growing both positive trends and a negative effect of new means of communication on people. Along with these factors there appeared increasingly used concepts that reflected on the one hand, new directions of IT development and the related problems, and, on the other hand, the humanitarian aspects of “human-machine” interaction began to arise. As a rule, these terms are not represented in dictionaries, which is the reason why they can be ambiguously interpreted, inadequately understood, and often incorrectly used. In connection with these factors, there is a need to create a “problem-oriented” glossary on IT, reflecting unresolved or not fully defined problems of both technological and humanitarian (anthropological and axiological) properties and built on the semiotic principles. The latter are based on the three postulates of the Semiosphere that states the guidelines of how humans must interact with new technologies. The postulates highlighted by a Soviet scientist Yuri Lotman include overlapping language codes, a clear plot of behaviour and a cooperative problematic field of intellectual activities.

The principles of data collection and organization for the new Universal Ideographic Dictionary-Thesaurus of Russian Vocabulary, created at the Ural Federal University (Yekaterinburg, Russia) under the guidance of Professor L. G. Babenko is discussed in the article. The specificity of previous lexicographic sources is reviewed. Ideographic databases, with which the staff of the Ural Semantic School worked earlier, are characterized. Examples of identifying denotative spheres and denotative-ideographic groups, the structure of which makes up the synopsis of the thesaurus are given. The number of these classes and the set of entries in the original database, which is the basis of the future dictionary, are discussed. In addition, examples of forms for working with dictionaries and the data structure (a set of fields) of the Universal Ideographic Dictionary-Thesaurus are shown. In addition, examples of forms for working with dictionaries and the data structure (a set of fields) of the Universal Ideographic Dictionary-Thesaurus are shown. The reasons for the quantitative asymmetry of the new thesaurus and the original database are considered: statistical, logical-semantic and lexical-grammatical factors. Conclusions are drawn about the prospects of the new project as uniting and developing the ideas of the Ural Semantic School.

These may be related to a "structure" (such as anatomy), a "disease" (such as pulp and periapical diseases), a "material" (such as bioceramic materials) or a "procedure" (such as diagnostic and root canal treatment procedures). Consensus, controversial terms, endodontics, root canal treatment, glossary 5 Ahmed, H.M.A., Versiani, M.A., De-Deus, G. & Dummer, P.M.H. (2017) A new system for classifying root and root canal morphology. Keywords: consensus; controversial terms; endodontics; glossary; root canal treatment EN consensus controversial terms endodontics glossary root canal treatment 788 791 4 06/13/23 20230701 NES 230701 INTRODUCTION Scientific terminology is an essential tool of communication as it plays a critical role in the understanding of scientific and technical terms and their associated definitions (Sageder, [34]). [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Linguistische Treffen in Wrocław is the property of Oficyna Wydawnicza ATUT and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper presents a comprehensive systematic review of personalized learning software systems. All the systems under review are designed to aid educational stakeholders by personalizing one or more facets of the learning process. This is achieved by exploring and analyzing the common architectural attributes among personalized learning software systems. A literature-driven taxonomy is recognized and built to categorize and analyze the reviewed literature. Relevant papers are filtered to produce a final set of full systems to be reviewed and analyzed. In this meta-review, a set of 72 selected personalized learning software systems have been reviewed and categorized based on the proposed personalized learning taxonomy. The proposed taxonomy outlines the three main architectural components of any personalized learning software system: learning environment, learner model, and content. It further defines the different realizations and attributions of each component. Surveyed systems have been analyzed under the proposed taxonomy according to their architectural components, usage, strengths, and weaknesses. Then, the role of these systems in the development of the field of personalized learning systems is discussed. This review sheds light on the field's current challenges that need to be resolved in the upcoming years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Lexikos is the property of Bureau of the Woordeboek van die Afrikaanse Taal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)