4,821 results on '"Glyceride"'
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2. Multistep Molecular Distillation for the Preparation of Glyceride-Type Fish Oil High in Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid by Enzymatic Transesterification
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SHEN Linjie, LIN Rongfa, ZHANG Lianyue, FENG Chuanzhi, FU Hong
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enzymatic transesterification ,molecular distillation ,fish oil ,ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ,glyceride ,Food processing and manufacture ,TP368-456 - Abstract
The separation of glyceride fish oil high in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (ω-3 PUFA) produced by multistage enzymatic transesterification was studied by multistep molecular distillation. Firstly, glycerides and by-products in the transesterification products were separated by primary molecular distillation. When the distillation pressure was 5 Pa, the distillation temperature was 140 ℃, the scraper speed was 240 r/min, and the feeding rate was 0.2 mL/min, the yield of the first-stage heavy phase was 47.13% and the content of ω-3 PUFA in it was 53.76%. Meanwhile, high-temperature gas chromatography (HTGC) and nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen (1H-NMR) spectroscopy consistently showed that the heavy phase did not contain fish oil ethyl ester. Secondly, the ω-3 PUFA content of the light phase increased from 60.73% to 78.01% by molecular distillation at a distillation pressure of 5 Pa, a distillation temperature of 110 ℃, a scraper speed of 240 r/min, and a condensation temperature of 20 ℃. After conducting secondary enzymatic transesterification reaction and molecular distillation separation on the enriched first-stage light phase, the yield of the second-stage heavy phase was 78.01% and its ω-3 PUFA content was 51.38%. When the enrichment step was omitted, the content of ω-3 PUFA in the second-stage heavy phase was only 42.37%. Multistep molecular distillation combined with multistage enzymatic transesterification can be used to prepare glyceride-type fish oil products with different ω-3 PUFA contents, with maximal utilization of raw materials and by-products.
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- 2023
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3. 分子蒸馏技术分步法制备酶促酯交换反应的 高含量ω-3 PUFA鱼油甘油酯.
- Author
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沈琳洁, 林荣发, 张连岳, 冯传志, and 傅 红
- Subjects
UNSATURATED fatty acids ,NUCLEAR magnetic resonance ,FISH oils ,GAS chromatography ,DISTILLATION ,ETHYL esters ,OMEGA-3 fatty acids - Abstract
Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
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4. Gelucire: A flexible formulation excipients
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Panda, Madhulita, Rao, M. E. Bhanoji, Panda, Jnyanaranjan, Patra, Ch. Niranjan, and Patro, Ganesh
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- 2023
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5. 羊骨脂质的组成分析Lipid composition of sheep bones
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吕爽1,刘倩1,李红波1,张小勇2,徐丹1,苏从毅2,胡梁斌1,莫海珍1 LYU Shuang1, LIU Qian1, LI Hongbo1, ZHANG Xiaoyong2, XU Dan1, SU Congyi2, HU Liangbin1, MO Haizhen
- Subjects
羊腿骨;羊骨油;酰基肉碱;鞘磷脂;磷脂酰胆碱;甘油酯;脂肪酸;多维质谱鸟枪法;气相色谱-质谱联用法 ,sheep leg bone ,sheep bone oil;acylcarnitine ,sphingomyelin ,phosphatidylcholine ,glyceride ,fatty acid ,multidimensional mass spectrometry shotgun method ,gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ,Oils, fats, and waxes ,TP670-699 - Abstract
为了实现羊骨副产物的有效利用和为羊骨油高值化产品开发提供基础数据,以羊腿骨为原料,提取其中的油脂,分别采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)、多维质谱鸟枪法(MDMS-SL)、气相色谱-质谱联用法(GC-MS)对羊骨油的甘油酯组成、脂质组学、脂肪酸组成进行分析。结果表明:羊骨油中甘油三酯含量达到96.76%,还有少量的甘油二酯(1.41%),而甘油一酯未检出;羊骨油中共鉴定出19种酰基肉碱、17种鞘磷脂、37种磷脂酰胆碱、39种甘油三酯,总含量分别为5.76、96.58、85.18 nmol/g和15.76 μmol/g;羊骨油中共鉴定出11种脂肪酸,其中饱和脂肪酸含量为11.51%, 单不饱和脂肪酸含量为72.34%,多不饱和脂肪酸含量为7.56%。 In order to realize the effective utilization of by-products sheep bones and provide basic data for the development of high-value sheep bone oil products, sheep leg bones were used as raw materials to extract oil, and the glyceride composition, lipidomics and fatty acid composition of sheep bone oil were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), multidimensional mass spectrometry shotgun method (MDMS-SL) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) respectively. The results showed that the content of triglycerides in sheep bone oil reached 96.76%, and a small amount of diglycerides (1.41%) was identified, while no monoglycerides was detected. A total of 19 acylcarnitines, 17 sphingomyelins, 37 phosphatidylcholines and 39 triglycerides were identified in sheep bone oil, with total contents of 5.76, 96.58, 85.18 nmol/g and 15.76 μmol/g, respectively. 11 kinds of fatty acids including 11.51% saturated fatty acids, 72.34% monounsaturated fatty acids and 7.56% polyunsaturated fatty acids were detected in sheep bone oil.
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- 2023
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6. Preparation of γ‐linolenic acid rich triacylglycerol from borage oil via a two‐step lipase‐catalyzed reaction.
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Yoon, Hui Su, Lee, Yu Jin, Kim, Byung Hee, Kim, Yangha, and Kim, In‐Hwan
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LIPASES ,GLYCERIDES ,LINOLENIC acids ,FATTY acids ,SAPONIFICATION - Abstract
γ‐Linolenic acid (GLA) rich triacylglycerol (TAG) was successfully synthesized from glyceride, instead of glycerol, and fatty acid (FA) via Lipozyme TL IM‐catalyzed esterification as a novel strategy. In the first step, GLA was enriched into glyceride fraction from borage oil by Candida rugosa lipase‐catalyzed hydrolysis. The glyceride was separated from the reaction mixture by molecular distillation. GLA was enriched from 20.64% in borage oil to 45.94% in the glyceride fraction under optimum conditions. In the second step, the Lipozyme TL IM‐catalyzed synthesis of TAG was carried out with the glyceride, and the FA obtained by saponification of a portion of the glyceride. The optimum conditions were the temperature of 50°C, the enzyme loading of 10%, and the vacuum level of 20 mmHg, respectively. The maximum TAG content of approximately 92% was achieved after 12 h under the optimum conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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7. Cytotoxic and antibacterial activities of compounds isolated from the fruits and stem-bark of Tetrapleura tetraptera (Schumach. & Thonn.) Taub. (Fabaceae).
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Kamdem, Michael Hermann Kengne, Melacheu, Gertrude Laura Foudjo, Silihe, Kevine Kamga, More, Garland Kgosi, Mphahlele, Mokgadi Precious, Moswetsa, Tebogo Amos, Tata, Charlotte Mungho, Tonga, Jordan Lembe, Ojo, Olusesan, Fonkui, Thierry Younbi, Mmutlane, Edwin Mpho, and Ndinteh, Derek Tantoh
- Abstract
A new glyceride, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl-31-hydroxyhentriacontanoate (1), a new glucoside stigmasterol derivative, stigmasterol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside 6'-hexadecanoate (2) along with eleven known compounds (3-13) were isolated from the fruits and the stem bark of Tetrapleura tetraptera (Schumach. & Thonn.) Taub. using silica gel vacuum liquid and column chromatography. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated based on spectroscopic and spectrometry methods including NMR (1D and 2D), high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRESIMS) and comparison with data reported in the literature. The crude extract and the isolated compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial activity against a panel of bacterial strains using the microdilution technique and for their cytotoxic potential on breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231) using doxorubicin as reference medicine. All the tested compounds exhibited significant antibacterial activity against Klebsiella aerogenes and Bacillus subtilis with an MIC value of 18.5 µg/mL. Furthermore, compounds (3) and (9) were active against all bacterial strains with MICs values ranging from 18.5 to 74 µg/mL. Compounds (12-13) and the crude extract were cytotoxic against MDA-MB-231 cells with their CC
50 values ranging between 14.5 and 20.0 µg/mL. These results confirm that T. tetraptera is a potential source of antibacterial agents and exhibits selective toxicity against breast cancer cell lines. Apart from compound (3) and compounds (10-12), all the other compounds were isolated from Tetrapleura genus for the first time. Compounds (1), (2), (6), (7) and (8) were also isolated from the Fabaceae family for the first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2022
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8. Comprehensive lipid hydrolysis observation in anaerobic digestion
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Šánek, Lubomír, Husár, Jakub, Pecha, Jiří, Šánek, Lubomír, Husár, Jakub, and Pecha, Jiří
- Abstract
Lipid hydrolysis monitoring, including especially glycerides, is necessary for comprehending the anaerobic digestion process in lipid-rich substrates processing. This reaction has not been investigated in such detail so far, despite its potential to be crucial in assuring a stable process. This study suggested and thoroughly validated an uncomplicated method of monitoring lipid hydrolysis during anaerobic digestion, achieving recovery values >95 % with an average relative standard deviation <5 %. Subsequently, the method was applied on the very first detailed observation of glyceride hydrolysis in the anaerobic sludge, tracking even changes in fatty acid profiles during anaerobic digestion. Results showed that lipid hydrolysis can take several days, thus likely affecting the whole anaerobic digestion of lipids. The method aims to provide answers to improve understanding of lipids' fate and their inhibition phenomena in anaerobic digestion.
- Published
- 2024
9. 不同脂肪来源婴儿配方奶粉与母乳的 甘油酯组成差异.
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李晓东, 常淤浩, 潘 悦, 林 爽, 刘 璐, 张宏达, 周星宇, and 马 欣
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BREAST milk ,INFANT formulas ,COMPOSITION of milk ,GLYCERIDES ,FAT ,FATTY acids ,TRIGLYCERIDES - Abstract
Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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10. Comprehensive lipid hydrolysis observation in anaerobic digestion.
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Šánek L, Husár J, and Pecha J
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- Hydrolysis, Anaerobiosis, Methane, Digestion, Fatty Acids, Sewage
- Abstract
Lipid hydrolysis monitoring, including especially glycerides, is necessary for comprehending the anaerobic digestion process in lipid-rich substrates processing. This reaction has not been investigated in such detail so far, despite its potential to be crucial in assuring a stable process. This study suggested and thoroughly validated an uncomplicated method of monitoring lipid hydrolysis during anaerobic digestion, achieving recovery values >95 % with an average relative standard deviation <5 %. Subsequently, the method was applied on the very first detailed observation of glyceride hydrolysis in the anaerobic sludge, tracking even changes in fatty acid profiles during anaerobic digestion. Results showed that lipid hydrolysis can take several days, thus likely affecting the whole anaerobic digestion of lipids. The method aims to provide answers to improve understanding of lipids' fate and their inhibition phenomena in anaerobic digestion., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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11. Stabilizing effect of polyglycerides as emulsifiers in cosmetic emulsions
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Lozano Gorgoso, Sergio, Sarret i Pons, Maria, and Pérez Pinart, Oriol
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Glyceride ,Bachelor's theses ,Emulsions ,Cosmètics ,Treballs de fi de grau ,Cosmetics ,Glicèrid - Abstract
Treballs Finals de Grau de Química, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Any: 2023, Tutors: Maria Sarret Pons, Oriol Pérez Pinart, Emulsions are mixtures of two immiscible phases, a dispersed or internal phase and a dispersing or external phase, stabilized by different mechanisms depending on the emulsifier type. Emulsions are thermodynamically unstable, but their kinetical stability depends essentially on the type of emulsifier used. In this work simple emulsions are prepared, and it is analysed the stabilization effect of three different polyglycerides, non-ionic and natural origin surfactants resulting from the esterification reaction of fatty acids with some molecules of glycerine (in this case four molecules of glycerine). Moreover, three different glycerides are used as support agents (co-emulsifiers) made with the same fatty acid of polyglycerides; this way emulsions have the emulsifier and co-emulsifiers from the same fatty acid. The used compounds are derivatives from oleic, stearic and lauric acids. For each pair of compounds, the emulsion was characterized, and its stability was analysed. The results show that only oleic acid derivatives can be used to obtain emulsions with acceptable stability. The final goal of this work is to obtain a complete cosmetic formulation using the polyglyceride and glyceride that give the best results in the previous stability study. Since the prepared formulation is a moisturizing cream, the possibility of changing the usual oil (paraffin oil) by natural origin oils was also checked. This way the emulsions would have less allergenic reactions on skin and could be used in atopic skin cases
- Published
- 2023
12. Synthesis of Glycerides of Fatty Acids by Inorganic Solid Catalysts: A Review
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Mariana S. Alvarez Serafini and Gabriela Marta Tonetto
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Chemistry ,Process Chemistry and Technology ,Glyceride ,Chemical Engineering (miscellaneous) ,Organic chemistry ,Filtration and Separation ,Bioengineering ,Biochemistry ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,Catalysis - Published
- 2021
13. Biomolecular characterisation of marine microalga in comparison to fishmeal and soymeal as an alternative feed ingredient
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G. Raja Krishna Kumar, Rakhi Bajpai Dixit, Chandra Gocher, Uma Shankar Sagaram, and Santanu Dasgupta
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,biology ,Biomolecule ,Glyceride ,Fatty Acids ,Biomass ,Plant Science ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,Animal Feed ,Biochemistry ,Analytical Chemistry ,Amino acid ,Ingredient ,Fish meal ,Complementary and alternative medicine ,chemistry ,Functional importance ,Drug Discovery ,Microalgae ,Molecular Medicine ,Food science ,Picochlorum ,Food Science - Abstract
INTRODUCTION Marine microalgae protein has better solubility and digestibility than other protein-based feeds. Apart from protein, high-value biomolecules have an immense potential to enhance the quality of feed, but knowledge about them is scarce. OBJECTIVE Marine microalga Picochlorum sp. biomass molecular characterisation along with commonly used protein feed such as fishmeal and soymeal for potential feed ingredients. METHODOLOGY Liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was used for biomolecular characterisation. The correlation of biomolecules sets was evaluated using principal component analysis (PCA) and heatmap clustering. RESULTS LC-MS identified 116 biomolecules cumulatively among microalga, fishmeal, and soymeal that includes fatty acids, acylglycerols, vitamins, sterols, pigments, nucleotides, unique amino acids, amines, sugars and miscellaneous. These 116 biomolecules were screened based on their functional importance as feed ingredients. Among the different sets of biomolecules, microalga contained a more diverse set of fatty acids, pigments, sterols, and vitamins than acylglycerols, unique amino acids, nucleotides, and sugars. Fishmeal contained a more diverse set of acylglycerols, unique amino acids, nucleotides, and amines, while soymeal contained the highest number of sugars and miscellaneous biomolecules. The PCA confirmed the significance level (P > 95%) and heatmap clustering showed the diversity and relatedness of biomolecules among the microalga, fishmeal, and soymeal. CONCLUSION This study showed that the marine microalga Picochlorum sp. biomass has a rich source of biomolecules and could complement fishmeal or soymeal in feed and is also sustainable and economical as compared to fishmeal and soymeal.
- Published
- 2021
14. Lipids and Lipid-Processing Pathways in Drug Delivery and Therapeutics
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Milica Markovic, Shimon Ben-Shabat, Aaron Aponick, Ellen M. Zimmermann, and Arik Dahan
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lipid ,fatty acid ,glyceride ,steroid ,phospholipid ,oral drug absorption ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
The aim of this work is to analyze relevant endogenous lipid processing pathways, in the context of the impact that lipids have on drug absorption, their therapeutic use, and utilization in drug delivery. Lipids may serve as biomarkers of some diseases, but they can also provide endogenous therapeutic effects for certain pathological conditions. Current uses and possible clinical benefits of various lipids (fatty acids, steroids, triglycerides, and phospholipids) in cancer, infectious, inflammatory, and neurodegenerative diseases are presented. Lipids can also be conjugated to a drug molecule, accomplishing numerous potential benefits, one being the improved treatment effect, due to joined influence of the lipid carrier and the drug moiety. In addition, such conjugates have increased lipophilicity relative to the parent drug. This leads to improved drug pharmacokinetics and bioavailability, the ability to join endogenous lipid pathways and achieve drug targeting to the lymphatics, inflamed tissues in certain autoimmune diseases, or enable overcoming different barriers in the body. Altogether, novel mechanisms of the lipid role in diseases are constantly discovered, and new ways to exploit these mechanisms for the optimal drug design that would advance different drug delivery/therapy aspects are continuously emerging.
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- 2020
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15. Formulation, Optimization and Pharmacodynamic Studies of Pioglitazone HCl Solid Lipid Nanoparticles
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E. Ramya, Y. R. Ambedkar, and Y. Indira Muzib
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Chemistry ,Oral administration ,In vivo ,Glyceride ,Diabetes mellitus ,Pharmacodynamics ,Solid lipid nanoparticle ,medicine ,Pharmacology ,medicine.disease ,Placebo ,Vial - Abstract
Pioglitazone HCl is an oral anti-diabetic agent used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus type II. The aim of the present work is to evaluate the pharmacodynamic activity of solid lipid nanoparticles of pioglitazone HCL prepared by using solvent injection technique and to compare with the control and test group. Among all the formulations, F5 was found to possess highest in-vitro drug release within 24 hrs i.e., 95.02±1.26%. The in vivo studies were performed using male albino rats of wistar strain (150-200g). Rats were divided in to five groups (n=6), group-I normal, group-II diabetes control, group-III placebo control, group-IV reference, group-V test group. Diabetes was induced by streptazocin (60 mg/kg) by intraperitonial route. The reference group was treated with marketed tablet of pioglitazone HCL, test groups were treated with SLNs suspended in 0.1% Tween 80 and given to animals through oral gavages. Blood samples were collected by retro-orbital puncture before treatment, and after treatment at time intervals 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 24h in anti-coagulated vials. Parameters like glucose, tri glycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and HDL-C were estimated by calorimetric method. Diabetes induced rats showed elevated levels of glucose, TG, TC and reduced HDL. The oral administration of drug loaded SLNs in 0.1% Tween 80 solution showed reduced levels of glucose, TG and elevated levels of HDL-C and slightly reduced levels of TG in 24 h where as the marketed tablet showed reduced levels of glucose, TG and TC up-to 12 h and in 24thh the glucose levels get elevated. Thus the optimized SLNs showed prolonged activity.
- Published
- 2021
16. Oleic Acid Glycerides Content in the Oils of Maize Endospermic Mutants and Its Dependence on Temperature During Ripening
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Halyna Potapenko, Inna Torianyk, Iurii Sadovnichenko, Dmytro S. Tymchuk, and Nataliya Tymchuk
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Oleic acid ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Chemistry ,Glyceride ,Mutant ,Ripening ,Food science - Abstract
Identification of sources of increased content of oleic acid glycerides (oleates) and determination of the nature of its variability are prerequisites for improving oil quality. The purpose of this study was to establish the variability of the content of oleic acid glycerides (oleates) in maize oil depending on the genotype and ripening temperature. The experiments were carried out on a series of common maize inbreds and inbred-carriers of the su1, ae, and su2 mutations, which were grown for three years. The fatty acid composition of the oil was analysed by the Peisker gas chromatographic method. Genotype–environment interactions were assessed using the Eberhard– Russell algorithm. It was found that the carriers of the su1 and su2 mutations had the highest oleate content. The oleate content of maize oil generally increased with increasing ripening temperature. Unrelated inbreds based on one mutation significantly differed in the genetically determined level of oleate and showed non-identical responses to the ripening temperature. In inbreds of the first type, the content of oleates changed significantly with temperature fluctuation, while inbreds of the second type provided a fairly stable level of the trait under these conditions.
- Published
- 2021
17. High-efficient esterification of rosin and glycerol catalyzed by novel rare earth Lewis acidic ionic liquid: Reaction development and mechanistic study
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Hailong Yu, Shitao Yu, Sun Shiqin, Meiyuan Ma, Guanghao Wang, Xueli Cheng, Yue Liu, and Shiwei Liu
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Acid value ,Chemistry ,General Chemical Engineering ,Glyceride ,Rare earth ,Rosin ,General Chemistry ,Catalysis ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Ionic liquid ,medicine ,Glycerol ,Organic chemistry ,Density functional theory ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Background As one of the most important modified products of rosin, rosin glyceride was widely used in many aspects. However, the preparation of rosin glyceride is always unfriendly due to the use of liquid catalyst, such as H2SO4 and H3PO4. Methods The rosin glyceride with low acid value was synthesized in vacuum conditions using a novel Lewis acidic ionic liquid 1–butyl–3–methylimidazolium chloroscandinate[BuMeim][Sc2Cl7] as catalyst. The [BuMeim][Sc2Cl7] is of excellent catalytic activity and stability. The efficient catalytic activity was studied via the combined Density Functional Theory (DFT) and experimental conditions. Significant findings The DFT proved the free energy of the esterification could reach to 31.6 Kcal/mol, which illuminates that the excellent coordination of the anions and cations in the [BuMeim][Sc2Cl7] greatly reduces the reaction energy barrier and promotes the efficient progress of the reaction. As a result, [BuMeim][Sc2Cl7] is a good catalyst for the esterification of rosin and glycerol to prepare rosin glyceride. Furthermore, [BuMeim][Sc2Cl7] could be a potential catalysts for the other esterification.
- Published
- 2021
18. High-Temperature Stability and Pyrolysis Kinetics and Mechanism of Bio-Based and Petro-Based Resins Using TG–FTIR/MS
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Chenghong Wu, Dan Zhou, Linlin Wang, Xiaojie Wei, Xiaopeng Chen, Jiezhen Liang, and Wenhui Li
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Chemical engineering ,Chemistry ,General Chemical Engineering ,Glyceride ,Kinetics ,Rosin ,medicine ,Bio based ,General Chemistry ,Pyrolysis ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Pyrolysis behavior of resins is essential for their high-temperature application. Herein, the high-temperature stability and pyrolysis kinetics and mechanism of rosin glyceride (RGE), hydrogenated ...
- Published
- 2021
19. Triacylglycerol Composition of Butterfat Fractions Determines Its Gastrointestinal Fate and Postprandial Effects: Lipidomic Analysis of Tri-, Di-, and Mono-acylglycerols and Free Fatty Acids
- Author
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Tianjiao Niu, Qingxi Ren, Rongchun Wang, Yanfeng Ma, and Ying Ma
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Chromatography ,Chemistry ,Glyceride ,Fatty Acids ,General Chemistry ,Fractionation ,Fatty Acids, Nonesterified ,Lipids ,Hydrolysate ,Glycerides ,Rats ,Butterfat ,Hydrolysis ,Postprandial ,Lipidomics ,Animals ,lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins) ,Composition (visual arts) ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,Digestion ,Triglycerides - Abstract
The lipolytic behaviors and postprandial effects of butterfat and its fractions (30L and 30S) procured by dry fractionation at 30 °C were investigated using in vivo digestion. A total of 142 triacylglycerols (TAGs), 64 diacylglycerols (DAGs), 14 monoacylglycerols (MAGs), and 7 free fatty acids (FFAs) in the butterfat fractions and their hydrolysates were identified by combining high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization-tandem quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry with solid-phase extraction. The first-step hydrolysis from TAGs to sn-1,2 DAGs occurred slower in the high-melting-temperature solid fat (30S) fraction, which is rich in long-chain FAs compared to that of the low-melting-temperature liquid oil (30L) fraction, which is rich in short-chain unsaturated FAs (the hydrolysis rates were 39.22% vs 60.11%, respectively, in the 30 min gastric phase), and these differences were also reflected in the delayed and relatively flat postprandial lipemia levels in rats force-fed with 30S fraction. This study revealed the importance of TAG composition and lipid physical state in regulating digestion and absorption, which is related to nutrition science and the dairy or pharmaceutical industry.
- Published
- 2021
20. Combining ability of corn inbreds – carriers of mutations Su1 and Su2 on the content of oleic acid glycerides
- Author
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D. S. Tymchuk, I.K. Kuznetsova, N. F. Tymchuk, and G. S. Potapenko
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Oleic acid ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Chemistry ,Glyceride ,Food science - Abstract
Aim. Evaluation of donors’ properties of corn inbreds - carriers of endospermic mutations su1 and su2 on the oleates content. Methods. A series of hybrids obtained in top- crosses of 10 inbreds of the common type with four testers – low-oleic and high-oleic inbreds of the common type and inbreds – carriers of the su1 and su2 mutations were analyzed. Oleates’s content was determined by the gas chromatographic method. Results. The highest effects of the general combining ability were shown by the inbreds obtained from high-oil synthetics and the inbreds - carriers the su1 and su2 mutations. Hybrids of low-oleic inbreds with the sources of su1 and su2 mutations had an increased content of oleates in comparison with maternal forms, and hybrids of high-oleic inbreds with the sources of these mutations inherited the oleates content in an intermediate type. In F2 hybrids from crosses of inbreds of the common type with the inbreds - carriers of the su1 and su2 mutations, transgressions were observed. Conclusions. The increased content of oleates in corn inbreds inbreds and hybrids is most likely controlled by oleate - coding loci of chromosome 4 and 6 linked to mutant genes su1 and su2. The carriers of these genes can be used as sources of increased oleate content in the corn breeding for oil quality. Key words: Zea mays L., endospermic mutants, oleates content, top-crosses
- Published
- 2021
21. Comparative Analysis of Lipid Digestion Characteristics in Human, Bovine, and Caprine Milk Based on Simulated In Vitro Infant Gastrointestinal Digestion
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Xiaodong Li, Lu Liu, Xiaoxue Yu, Chunmei Li, Leng Youbin, Yu Xia, Muhammad Hussain, Lina Wang, Yue Pan, and Jiang Shilong
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Bovine milk ,fluids and secretions ,Chemistry ,Glyceride ,food and beverages ,Lipolysis ,General Chemistry ,Food science ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,In vitro digestion ,Lipid digestion ,In vitro ,Gastrointestinal digestion - Abstract
Lipid digestion characteristics in human, bovine, and caprine milk were investigated using an infant in vitro digestion model. Our results suggested that particle size in bovine and caprine milk increased initially and then decreased over time, whereas the particle size in human milk continuously decreased. The lipolysis degree of human milk (86.8%) was higher than that in bovine (80.2%) and caprine (82.7%) milk (P < 0.05). Compared to human milk, bovine and caprine milk released higher unsaturated fatty acids and lower SFAs. In addition, 12 and 84 glyceride species were significantly different between bovine and human milk, during gastrointestinal digestion (P < 0.05). Another 13 and 92 glyceride species were found to be significantly different between caprine and human milk. A total of 30 and 31 lipids were screened as biomarkers to further clarify the differences related to lipid digestion properties of human, bovine, and caprine milk.
- Published
- 2021
22. Emerging Role of Lipids in Metabolism and Disease.
- Author
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Pallottini, Valentina, Pallottini, Valentina, and Segatto, Marco
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Medicine ,ATM ,BDNF ,BET proteins ,Cholesterol ,DNA damage response ,Fatty acids ,G-protein coupled receptors ,HMGCR ,JQ1 ,LDLr ,Lipid mediators ,Lipids ,Lipophagy ,SOD ,SREBP ,Sphingolipids ,TFEB ,TMEM97 ,acid sphingomyelinase ,adiponectin ,adipose tissue ,angiogenesis ,atherosclerosis ,autotaxin ,brain ,breast cancer ,breast reconstruction ,cardiovascular disease ,cell proliferation ,cell signaling ,cholesterol ,chronic inflammation ,diabetes mellitus ,double strand breaks ,eicosanoids ,endothelial cell ,epicardial fat thickness ,epigenetics ,epinephrine ,fatty acid ,female ,frontal cortex ,gender ,glyceride ,haptoglobin ,high-cholesterol diet ,high-density lipoprotein ,high-sensitivity c-reactive protein ,hippocampus ,hyperglycemia ,ionizing radiation ,ischemia ,ischemic stroke ,leptin ,lipid ,lipid droplets ,lipid mediators ,lipid metabolism ,lipid metabolism diseases ,lipid storage diseases ,lipocalin ,lipolysis ,lipophagy ,lipoproteins ,liver ,lysocardiolipin acyltransferase ,lysophosphatidic acid ,mTORC1 ,metabolic reprogramming ,metabolic stress ,metabolism ,mutations ,neutral sphingomyelinase ,nuclear sphingolipids ,oral drug absorption ,oxidative stress ,oxidized phospholipids ,p53 ,pathology ,phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate ,phospholipase A2 (PLA2) ,phospholipase C ,phospholipase D ,phospholipid ,polyunsaturated fatty acids ,prodrug ,prostaglandins ,pulmonary fibrosis ,radiation ,sphingolipids ,sphingomyelin metabolism ,sphingosine kinase 1 ,sphingosine-1-phosphate ,steroid ,synaptic proteins ,visceral fat thickness - Abstract
Summary: Even though initially considered as a passive means for storing energy, lipids are now regarded as multifaceted molecules with crucial structural and functional activities. For instance, some of them play essential roles as key components of cell membranes whereas others act as signaling molecules in the regulation of cell homeostasis. In recent years, lipid research has attracted increasing interest because of the involvement of this class of compounds in human health. Indeed, a plethora of pathological conditions are characterized by alterations in lipid metabolism, such as cardiovascular diseases and brain disorders. This Special Issue is a collection of papers from different experts in lipid research, with the aim of providing new insights into the physiopathological involvement of lipids and their impact on human health. This collection also demonstrates the usefulness of interdisciplinary approaches in the development of novel methods to study and manipulate lipid metabolism, which may represent an attractive target for designing effective therapeutic strategies to counteract numerous pathologies.
23. Glycerides isolated from the aerial parts of Malva verticillata cause immunomodulation effects via splenocyte function and NK anti-tumor activity.
- Author
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Ko, Jung-Hwan, Castaneda, Rodrigo, Joo, Sun-Woo, Kim, Hyoung-Geun, Lee, Yeong-Geun, Lee, Youn-Hyung, Kang, Tong Ho, and Baek, Nam-In
- Abstract
A preliminary study revealed that a 10 µg/mL n-BuOH fraction of Malva verticillata aerial parts significantly enhanced splenocyte proliferation and induced significant enhancement of natural-killer (NK) cell activity against tumor cells (YAC-1). This study was initiated to identify the principal components that exhibited these activities, and four glycerides were isolated through repeated SiO
2 and ODS column chromatography. Structures of compounds 1-4 were determined to be (2S)-1-O-palmitoyl glyceride, (2S)-1-O-stearoyl glyceride, (2S)-1-O-linolenoyl glyceride, and (2S)-1,2-di-O-linoleoyl glyceride, respectively. Compounds 1-3 showed potential immune-enhancing activity in murine splenocyte and natural-killer (NK) cells at 10 µM. In contrast, compound 4 showed weak activity, indicating the monoacyl glycerides (1-3) are more effective than diacyl glyceride (4). Also, the longer the carbon number of the fatty acid in monoacyl glyceride, the better the activity, and the monoacyl glyceride including an unsaturated fatty acid (3) is more effective than the glycerides including the saturated fatty acids (1-2). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2018
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24. Effects of dietary butyric acid glycerides on growth performance, haemato‐immunological and antioxidant status of yellowfin seabream ( Acanthopagrus latus ) fingerlings
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Reza Davoodi, Mahmoud Nafisi Bahabadi, Farzad Salehi, Shirin Zarei, and Gholamreza Badzohreh
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Antioxidant ,biology ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Glyceride ,Acanthopagrus latus ,Aquatic Science ,biology.organism_classification ,Butyric acid ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Antioxidant capacity ,chemistry ,medicine ,Food science ,Mucosal immunity - Published
- 2021
25. Stability of the PEG Fatty Acid Glycerides Based O/W Emulsions
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Hujun Xu, Liangliang Lin, and Zihan Wang
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,Chromatography ,010304 chemical physics ,Chemistry ,General Chemical Engineering ,Glyceride ,Fatty acid ,02 engineering and technology ,General Chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,01 natural sciences ,0103 physical sciences ,PEG ratio ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
In the present work, oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion systems were prepared by using the PEG-7 lauric acid glycerides as the emulsifiers and the liquid paraffin as the oil phase. The influence of processing parameters such as emulsification temperature, stirring speed, emulsifier concentration, oil-water volume ratio and polymer addition on the stability of the emulsion systems was investigated. In order to determine the optimal conditions for the preparation of the emulsion systems based on PEG-7 lauric acid glycerides, a laser drop size analyser and a rotational rheometer were used. As the stability of the O/W emulsion systems increased, the average droplet size of the O/W emulsions measured by the laser droplet size analyser became smaller and the viscosity, storage modulus and loss modulus of the O/W emulsions measured by the rotational rheometer became larger. The following optimal conditions were determined in this study: emulsification temperature 80°C, stirring speed 500 r/min, emulsifier concentration 5 wt%, oil-water volume ratio 1:1 and added amount of xanthan gum 0.2 wt%. The droplet morphology of the O/W emulsion prepared under the optimal conditions, which was characterised by a super high magnification microscope, is small. Furthermore, the long-term stability of the emulsion system prepared under the optimal conditions was investigated over a period of time (4 weeks). The O/W emulsion proves to be well stable even after 4 weeks, with a water separation rate of 0%.
- Published
- 2021
26. The effect of the mole ratio of ethanol solution and palm kernel oil on the pattern of glycerides content of the level I, II and III PKO ethanolysis products
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Sri Hidayati, Murhadi Murhadi, and Ribut Sugiharto
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chemistry.chemical_compound ,Mole ratio ,Ethanol ,Chemistry ,Yield (chemistry) ,Glyceride ,Composition (visual arts) ,Palm kernel oil ,Level ii ,Level iii ,Food Science ,Nuclear chemistry - Abstract
The specific purpose of this scientific article is to obtain scientific information about the pattern composition of monoglycerides (MG), diglycerides (DG) and triglycerides (TG) in palm kernel oil (PKO) ethanolysis products at three stages and of the mole ratios of ethanol in ethoxy solution (ethanol 90% - NaOH 1%) to PKO (assumed as trilaurin). Ethanolysis reactions of PKO had been carried out in three stages, as follows: Level I ethanolysis was carried out at 60°C, at a stirring speed of 1000 rpm for 3 mins, in the treatment of the mole ratios of ethanol in ethoxy solution (ethanol 90% - NaOH 1%) to PKO of the 10, 12, 14, 16, 18 and 20, resulting in ethanolysis product I and the residual reaction I. Level II ethanolysis was ethanolysis of the residual reaction I, resulting in ethanolysis product II and residual reaction II. Level III ethanolysis was ethanolysis of the residual reaction II, resulting in ethanolysis product III. The mean yield of all treatments for PKO Ethanolysis Levels I, II, and III were 12.26±0.46%, 11.20±2.61%, and 11.78±2.99% (w/w), respectively. The highest total yield of PKO ethanolysis level I, II, and III was 41.04±9.74% (w/w) from the mole ratio treatment of 20, while the lowest yield was 27.54±3.39%; (w/w) from the mole ratio treatment of 10. The average amount of MG, DG, and TG from all treatments were 9.740%, 12.801%, and 2.675%, respectively. The highest MG content was obtained from the mole ratio treatment of 20 at Ethanolysis Level I (11.83%).
- Published
- 2021
27. Analysis of three emulsifiers of diglyceride in milk by ultra performance liquid chromatography – Evaporative light scattering detector
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Luo Yun, Aiping Yan, Guo Lan, Ying Xu, Fan Liu, Xuan Yu, and Yiqun Wan
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chemistry.chemical_compound ,Chromatography ,Chromatography detector ,Chemistry ,Glyceride ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Pharmaceutical Science ,Diglyceride ,Biochemistry ,Analytical Chemistry - Abstract
In this paper, a new method was developed for the determination of glyceryl dilinoleate, 1,3-dipalmitate glyceride, and glyceryl 1,3-distearate in milk by ultra-performance liquid chromatography—ev...
- Published
- 2021
28. Solidification behavior of acylglycerols in fatty acid methyl esters and effects on the cold flow properties of biodiesel
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Haruo Kawamoto, Eiji Minami, and Latifa Seniorita
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,Biodiesel ,Chromatography ,Polymorphism (materials science) ,Chemistry ,General Chemical Engineering ,Glyceride ,Organic Chemistry ,Fatty acid ,biodiesel ,Thermal analysis ,thermal analysis ,polymorphism - Abstract
The formation of precipitates in biodiesel (comprising fatty acid methyl esters [FAMEs] obtained from plant oils) can lead to the clogging of fuel filters. Such precipitates are often caused by the solidification of acylglycerols (monoacylglycerols [MAGs], diacylglycerols [DAGs], and triacylglycerols [TAGs]) that have higher melting points than FAMEs. Based on our prior study on the solidification behavior of MAG/FAME binary mixtures, the present work investigated the behavior of various DAGs and TAGs combined with FAMEs. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to clarify the effects of acylglycerols on the cold-flow properties of biodiesel. When DAGs and TAGs were added to FAMEs, the liquidus temperatures (above which the mixtures were completely liquid) increased steeply even at low concentrations. This same behavior was observed previously in trials with MAGs, indicating that all acylglycerols readily precipitate in combination with FAMEs. However, thermodynamic analyses established that the reasons for such precipitation were different for different compounds. MAGs precipitates because they contain two hydroxyl groups and therefore have a low affinity for FAMEs. In contrast, TAGs precipitates as a result of their high enthalpies of fusion (which in turn are caused by high molecular weights), while both factors affect the precipitation of DAGs. A non-solid-solution thermodynamic model that assumes a eutectic system was found to accurately predict the liquidus temperatures of binary and multicomponent mixtures containing various acylglycerols with FAMEs.
- Published
- 2021
29. A Highly Efficient Three-Liquid-Phase-Based Enzymatic One-Pot Multistep Reaction System with Recoverable Enzymes for the Synthesis of Biodiesel
- Author
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Fang Yinglin, Chen Hua, Chen Huayong, Yunjian Ma, Bo Yang, Zhigang Li, and Yonghua Wang
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0106 biological sciences ,Biodiesel ,Chromatography ,Esterification ,biology ,Chemistry ,Methanol ,Glyceride ,Fatty Acids ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Lipase ,General Chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Hydrolysate ,0104 chemical sciences ,Catalysis ,Hydrolysis ,Product inhibition ,Biofuels ,Emulsion ,biology.protein ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
A three-liquid-phase system (TLPS) was developed and used as a novel enzymatic one-pot multistep reaction (EOMR) system. In this system, lipase and phospholipase were enriched in a single liquid phase with a high recovery (ca. 98%) and then used for the simultaneous catalysis of mutually inhibiting and interfering reactions (hydrolysis of phospholipids and glyceride in crude oil). A novel emulsion containing the two dispersed droplets (W2/O/W2 and W1/W2 emulsion structures) could be the key reason for this phenomenon because the emulsion system not only provided a new catalytic interface but also relieved the product inhibition. As a result, the content of free fatty acid (main hydrolysate of the glyceride) and the removal of phospholipid from the crude oil could be increased to 96 and 95%, respectively, within 1 h. The product obtained from the EOMR was directly used in the production of biodiesel via enzymatic esterification, and the content of fatty acid methanol ester could be increased to 93% within 2 h. Furthermore, the enzymes in the middle phase could also be reused, at least for eight rounds without significant loss in catalytic efficiency. Therefore, the TLPS could be considered as an ideal catalytic platform for the EOMR.
- Published
- 2021
30. Towards triglycerides-based biorefineries: Hydrolysis-reforming-hydrogenation in one-pot over Ni/γ-Al2O3 based catalysts
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Ricardo Reis Soares, Camilo Aurélio Brandão Crisóstomo, and Thais S.S. Almeida
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inorganic chemicals ,food.ingredient ,Glyceride ,02 engineering and technology ,General Chemistry ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Catalysis ,Soybean oil ,0104 chemical sciences ,law.invention ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Hydrolysis ,food ,chemistry ,law ,Glycerol ,Calcination ,Stearic acid ,0210 nano-technology ,Incipient wetness impregnation ,Nuclear chemistry - Abstract
The main objective of this study is to assess the efficiency of Ni/γ-Al2O3 calcined at different temperatures and Ni-Sn/γ-Al2O3 with different Ni:Sn atomic ratios catalysts for hydrolysis-reforming-hydrogenation reactions in a one-pot of the soybean oil. Ni/γ-Al2O3 catalysts were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation, further dried at 110 °C and calcined. Ni-Sn/γ-Al2O3 catalysts were prepared by using the same steps of the monometallic ones and calcined at 300 °C. The catalysts were characterized by N2-isotherms, XRF, XRD, TPR, DRS-UV–vis, and H2-TPD. Before the reaction, the catalysts were reduced under H2 at 550 °C. γ-Al2O3 was the best catalyst for the hydrolysis reaction that enabled the complete conversion of triglycerides to glycerol and the respective formation of soybean oil fatty acids. Ni/γ-Al2O3 calcined at 300 °C, which had the highest metallic surface area after reduction, was the best monometallic catalyst for stearic acid production. The addition of tin has improved the hydrolysis reaction and the glycerol aqueous-phase reforming, enhancing in-situ H2 production and, consequently, the selectivity towards saturated fatty acids. The beneficial effect afforded by Sn may be due to the presence of Sn at defective Ni sites or by the formation of a Ni-Sn (Ni3Sn) alloy. The results indicate that a triglyceride-based biorefinery approach, in which glycerides, glycerol, hydrogen, saturated and unsaturated fatty acids c be tuned in by catalysts and reaction conditions.
- Published
- 2021
31. PERBEDAAN KADAR GLISEROL, ESTER, MONO- DAN DIGLISERIDA PADA VARIASI PERLAKUAN REFINED BLEACHED DEODORIZED PALM OIL
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mauli ansyori parapat
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chemistry.chemical_compound ,biology ,chemistry ,Glyceride ,biology.protein ,Palm oil ,Glycerol ,Stearin ,Fraction (chemistry) ,Diglyceride ,Food science ,Gas chromatography ,Lipase - Abstract
Refined Bleached Deodorized Palm Oil (RBDPO) is a derived product of crude palm oil that has two fraction (olein and stearin) in ambient temperature. This research aim to analyze the variation of treatment on RBDPO. The design of research was non-factorial with three variable of treatment such RBDPO with glycerol (A), RBDPO (B) and RBDPO with lipase enzyme. The concentration of glycerol, ester, mono- and diglyceride was tested by Gas Chromatography method. The data will be analyzed by using descriptive method with boxplot and histogram. The result showed that the highest concentration of glycerol; ester; mono- and diglyceride respectively were showed in treatment B (1,5922%); C (9,5699%); C (0,1783%); C (3,3329). The boxplot graphic described the differences among the treatment.
- Published
- 2021
32. Moss Octoblepharum albidum Hedw.: Isolation, characterization, in vitro and in vivo antidiabetic activities
- Author
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Hymavathi Kottana, Srilakshmi Nallapaty, Alekhya Ketha, Vinay Bharadwaj Tatipamula, and Sree Teja Koneru
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Superoxide ,DPPH ,Glyceride ,medicine.disease ,In vitro ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Enzyme ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Endocrinology ,Complementary and alternative medicine ,chemistry ,In vivo ,Internal medicine ,Diabetes mellitus ,medicine ,Pancreas - Abstract
In India’s folklore, extracts of moss Octoblepharum albidum used in the treatment of fever, bacterial infections, and diabetes. The present study aimed to establish the chemical and pharmacological profile of the ethanolic extract of O. albidum (OA-Et). By using column chromatography, OA-Et yielded three known metabolites, namely 6-hydroxy-4,4,7a-trimethyl-5,6,7,7a-tetrahydrobenzofuran-2(4H)-one(1), 4,4,7a-trimethyl-2-(prop-1-en-2-yl)-2,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydrobenzofuran-6-ol(2) and 1-(6-hydroxy-2-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-4-methoxy-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-yl)-ethan-1-one(3), which were reported for the first time from this species. The isolated metabolites(1–3) and OA-Et were screened against ferric ions, DPPH free-radicals, superoxide free-radicals, α-glucosidase, α-amylase and aldose-reductase assays, and particularly OA-Et subjected to glycemia activities in albino rats. Among all, 3 and OA-Et depicted significant inhibitory profiles against free-radicals. Particularly, 3 and OA-Et depicted better IC50 values on α-glucosidase and α-amylase, rather than aldose-reductase. Also, the OA-Et (200 mg/kg b.w) treated group revealed significant drop-in body weight (p > 0.001), plasma glucose (p > 0.001), total cholesterol (p > 0.005), total glycerides (p > 0.005), and LDL levels (p > 0.005) in STZ-induced diabetic rats. The HDL levels were markedly augmented in OA-Et (p > 0.005) treated diabetic rats when related to controlled rats. OA-Et abolished increased lipid peroxidation content (p > 0.001) in the pancreas, liver, and kidneys. Histopathological examination of the pancreas of the OA-Et treated group protected the Langerhans islets with the number of islet cells found statistically significant (p > 0.05) compared to diabetic control pancreas. Thus, O. albidum has an aptitude to acts against diabetes by particularly acting against digestive enzymes, i.e., α-glucosidase and α-amylase.
- Published
- 2021
33. Biosynthesis of glyceride glycoside (nonionic surfactant) by amylosucrase, a powerful glycosyltransferase
- Author
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Inonge Noni Siziya, Gil-Yong Lee, Ye-Jin Kim, Sang-Ho Yoo, Myung-Ji Seo, Cheon-Seok Park, Seung-Pyo Hong, Young-Rok Kim, and Dong-Ho Seo
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0106 biological sciences ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,biology ,Molecular mass ,Stereochemistry ,Glyceride ,Glycoside ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,biology.organism_classification ,040401 food science ,01 natural sciences ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,Article ,Thin-layer chromatography ,Amylosucrase ,0404 agricultural biotechnology ,chemistry ,Docking (molecular) ,010608 biotechnology ,Glycosyltransferase ,biology.protein ,Deinococcus geothermalis ,Food Science ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Amylosucrase (ASase, E.C. 2.4.1.4) is a powerful transglycosylation enzyme that can transfer glucose from sucrose to the hydroxyl (-OH) group of various compounds. In this study, recombinant ASases from Deinococcus geothermalis (DgAS) and Bifidobacterium thermophilum (BtAS) were used to synthesize biosurfactants based on the computational analysis of predicted docking simulations. Successful predictions of the binding affinities, conformations, and three-dimensional structures of three surfactants were computed from receptor-ligand binding modes. DgAS and BtAS were effective in the synthesis of biosurfactants from glyceryl caprylate, glyceryl caprate, and polyglyceryl-2 caprate. The results of the transglycosylation reaction were consistent for both ASases, with glyceryl caprylate acceptor showing the highest concentration, as confirmed by thin layer chromatography. Furthermore, the transglycosylation reactions of DgAS were more effective than those of BtAS. Among the three substrates, glyceryl caprylate glycoside and glyceryl caprate glycoside were successfully purified by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) with the corresponding molecular weights.
- Published
- 2021
34. Investigation on Tribological Behavior of Glyceride-Filled Microcapsules as Additives in Water-Based Drilling Mud
- Author
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Shuhai Liu, Min Ji, and Huaping Xiao
- Subjects
Materials science ,Petroleum engineering ,business.industry ,Mechanical Engineering ,Glyceride ,Fossil fuel ,02 engineering and technology ,Surfaces and Interfaces ,Tribology ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Well drilling ,Water based ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,020303 mechanical engineering & transports ,0203 mechanical engineering ,Mechanics of Materials ,Drilling fluid ,0210 nano-technology ,business - Abstract
Excessive torque on tool surfaces resulting in friction and wear in the process of well drilling remains a big challenge for the oil and gas exploration industry. In this study, two kinds of glycer...
- Published
- 2021
35. Catalysis of glycerol acetylation on solid acid catalyst: a review
- Author
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Herry Purnama, Rahmah Puspita Sari, and Nur Hidayati
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esterification ,Glyceride ,biodiesel ,glycerol ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,complex mixtures ,01 natural sciences ,Catalysis ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Glycerol ,Organic chemistry ,QD1-999 ,acelylation ,Triacetin ,Biodiesel ,solid acid catalysts ,food and beverages ,Transesterification ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Environmentally friendly ,0104 chemical sciences ,Chemistry ,chemistry ,Yield (chemistry) ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
Biodiesel is a substitute fuel that is environmentally friendly, biodegradable, and sustainable. The need for biodiesel continues to increase. Biodiesel is made through the process of transesterification of triglycerides and alcohol. Glycerol is a side-effect of biodiesel products with a capacity of 10% of the total weight of its production. Glycerol is the simplest glyceride compound and has several functions as a primary ingredient in chemical production. Through acetylation, glycerol is converted to a material that has a higher sale value. Both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts are the acetylation approach to achieve the desired product, namely acetyl glycerol esters (mono-, di- and triacetin). However, in the process, the catalyst’s type and characteristics significantly affect the yield and conversion of the product and the deactivation or reusability of the catalyst, which can inhibit the catalyst’s utilization and effectiveness; therefore, it must be studied further. Besides, the parameters that affect the reaction will also be assessed.
- Published
- 2021
36. The Impact of Conjugation Position and Linker Chemistry on the Lymphatic Transport of a Series of Glyceride and Phospholipid Mimetic Prodrugs
- Author
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Jamie S. Simpson, Tim Quach, Christopher J.H. Porter, Gracia Gracia, Natalie L. Trevaskis, Shea Fern Lim, Luojuan Hu, and Sifei Han
- Subjects
Chemistry ,Triglyceride transport ,Glyceride ,Phospholipid ,Pharmaceutical Science ,Ether ,02 engineering and technology ,Prodrug ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,030226 pharmacology & pharmacy ,Combinatorial chemistry ,Glycerides ,Rats ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Drug Delivery Systems ,0302 clinical medicine ,Targeted drug delivery ,Drug delivery ,Animals ,Prodrugs ,Lymph ,0210 nano-technology ,Linker ,Phospholipids - Abstract
Drug delivery to the lymphatic system is gaining increasing attention, particularly in fields such as immunotherapy where drug access to lymphocytes is central to activity. We have previously described a prodrug strategy that facilitates the lymphatic delivery of a model immunomodulator, mycophenolic acid (MPA) via incorporation into intestinal triglyceride transport pathways. The current study explored a series of structurally related glyceride and phospholipid mimetic prodrugs of MPA in an attempt to enhance lymph targeting and to better elucidate the design criteria for lipid mimetic prodrugs. MPA was conjugated to a glyceride or phospholipid backbone at various positions using different spacers employing ester, ether, carbonate and amide bonds. Patterns of prodrug hydrolysis were evaluated in rat digestive fluid, and lymphatic transport and plasma pharmacokinetics were assessed in lymph duct cannulated rats. Prodrugs with different spacers between MPA and the glyceride backbone resulted in up to 70-fold differences in gastrointestinal stability. MPA conjugation at the 2 position of the glyceride backbone and via an ester bond were most effective in promoting lymphatic transport. Phospholipid prodrug derivatives, or glyceride derivatives with MPA attached at the 1 position or when linked via ether, carbonate or amide bonds were poorly incorporated into lymphatic transport pathways.
- Published
- 2021
37. Lipase-catalyzed glycerolysis extended to the conversion of a variety of edible oils into structural fats
- Author
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Alejandro G. Marangoni and Reed A. Nicholson
- Subjects
030309 nutrition & dietetics ,Glyceride ,Saturated fat ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,Triacylglycerol ,Enzymatic ,Food processing and manufacture ,Cottonseed ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Glycerolysis ,Glycerol ,Monoacylglycerol ,TX341-641 ,Food science ,Lipase ,0303 health sciences ,biology ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,TP368-456 ,biology.organism_classification ,Oleic acid ,chemistry ,030221 ophthalmology & optometry ,biology.protein ,Candida antarctica ,Articles from the special issue: Edible Soft Matter, edited by Ashok R.Patel ,Diacylglycerol ,Crystallization ,Food Science ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Lipase-catalyzed glycerolysis was recently shown to be a viable technique to structure cottonseed and peanut oils into structural fats by converting native triacylglycerols into partial glycerides without changing overall fatty acid composition. Here, this approach was extended to a variety oils of differing fatty acid compositions. Reactions were performed at 65 °C for 48 h at a triacylglycerol:glycerol molar ratio of 1:1, using the non-regiospecific Candida antarctica lipase B. In all oil systems, a 20 °C increase in crystallization onset temperature was observed following glycerolysis. Solid fat content increases resulting from glycerolysis were greatest for oils containing >10% saturated fat along with a high oleic acid content. The solid fat content of tigernut oil at 5 °C increased from 8% to 34% following glycerolysis. Tigernut glycerolysis product was used to make margarine with plasticity similar to commercial margarine and butter. This research demonstrates that glycerolysis is a general strategy to convert liquid oils into structural fats used in food applications, and thus replace palm oil and hydrogenated fats., Graphical abstract Image 1, Highlights • Edible oil fatty acid content affects the composition of crystalline material. • High oleic content enhances structuring in oils of intermediate saturated fat levels. • Highly saturated monoacylglycerol crystal material melts gradually. • Partial glycerol crystals of high oleic oils showed a two-segment melting profile. • Glycerolysis-structured oils produced margarine comparable to commercial products.
- Published
- 2021
38. Integrated Green and Enzymatic Process to Produce Omega‐3 Acylglycerols from <scp> Echium plantagineum </scp> Using Immobilized Lipases
- Author
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Natalia Castejón and Francisco J. Señoráns
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_compound ,biology ,Chemistry ,General Chemical Engineering ,Echium plantagineum ,Glyceride ,Organic Chemistry ,Omega-3 PUFA ,Enzymatic process ,Food science ,biology.organism_classification ,Omega ,Stearidonic acid - Published
- 2020
39. D-α-Tocopherol polyethylene glycol succinate and stearoylmacrogol glycerides biomaterial based nanostructured mixed micelles as nose-to-brain targeting drug delivery system
- Author
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Kartiki Dhage, Ravindra Kamble, and C. Bothiraja
- Subjects
medicine.drug_class ,Mechanical Engineering ,Glyceride ,Biomaterial ,Atypical antipsychotic ,02 engineering and technology ,Polyethylene glycol ,Pharmacology ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,01 natural sciences ,Micelle ,0104 chemical sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Mechanics of Materials ,Permeability (electromagnetism) ,Drug delivery ,medicine ,General Materials Science ,Efflux ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
Olanzapine (OLA), a first atypical antipsychotic moleculethat experiences low brain permeability because of efflux by P-glycoproteins (Pgp) in the brain and extensive hepatic first-pass metabolism....
- Published
- 2020
40. Study on the Synthesized Rosin Glyceride over LaZSM-5 Zeolite Catalyst Synthesized by the in Situ Method
- Author
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Fang Guo, Yingchun Wang, Zhenmin Liu, Xue Yongbing, Hongyan Sun, Xianxian Wei, Xianjun Liu, Yue Yu, Shaoqing Guo, and Xiaoxiao Wang
- Subjects
In situ ,Chemistry ,General Chemical Engineering ,Glyceride ,Rosin ,General Chemistry ,Article ,Catalysis ,medicine ,Organic chemistry ,Zeolite ,QD1-999 ,medicine.drug - Abstract
LaZSM-5 zeolite was synthesized by the in situ method and used as catalysts to catalyze the synthesis of rosin glyceride. As a comparison, ZSM-5 was also synthesized and used as catalysts to catalyze the synthesis of rosin glyceride. The synthesized ZSM-5 and LaZSM-5 zeolite catalysts were characterized and analyzed. The experimental results showed that the in situ synthesis of LaZSM-5 made La into the skeleton of ZSM-5 zeolite and increased the amount of Lewis acid on the LaZSM-5 zeolite. Also, Lewis acid was the key to liquid-phase esterification reaction. Compared with ZSM-5 zeolite, LaZSM-5 zeolite contributed to a higher yield and better stability as a catalyst for the synthesis of rosin glycerides.
- Published
- 2020
41. Biolubricant base stock with improved low temperature performance: Ester complex production using housefly (Musca domestica L.) larval lipid
- Author
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Sun Tingting, Sheng-qing Wu, Zhimin Zhao, Wen-zhe Yang, Juan Shen, Zi-zhe Cai, and Depo Yang
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,Chromatography ,060102 archaeology ,biology ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,020209 energy ,Pour point ,Glyceride ,Fatty acid ,Fatty acid ester ,06 humanities and the arts ,02 engineering and technology ,biology.organism_classification ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Vegetable oil ,chemistry ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,0601 history and archaeology ,Housefly ,Trimethylolpropane ,Fatty acid methyl ester - Abstract
Lipid generated from housefly (Musca domestica L.) larvae fed by municipal waste is a renewable lipid resource, however, the low unsaturated degree prevents it from producing trimethylolpropane fatty acid triester as lubricant, due to its poor low-temperature performance. A new fatty acid esters complex consisting of trimethylolpropane fatty acid triester and 2-ethylhexyl fatty acid ester was produced from housefly larval lipid. Separated from molecular distillation, the acylglycerols were first trans-esterified into fatty acid methyl ester and then further trans-esterified with trimethylolpropane into trimethylolpropane esters. The purified trimethylolpropane fatty acid triester is with purity of 98.4% and further blended with 30 wt% 2-ethylhexyl fatty acid ester derived from housefly larval free fatty acid. The pour point was substantially lowered from −3 °C to −12 °C while the lubricity performance is within standard of ISO VG 32, with minor improvement of water separability compared with pure trimethylolpropane fatty acid triester. By blending two type bio-lubricants with different advantages on viscosity and pour point, the ester complex with favorable properties was produced using saturated non-food lipid source rather than unsaturated virginal vegetable oil. This study also offers a cleaner and energy-efficient approach for high value-added product production for non-food lipid industry.
- Published
- 2020
42. A novel n-3 glyceride mixture enhances enrichment of EPA and DHA after single dosing in healthy older adults: results from a double-blind crossover trial
- Author
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Philip C. Calder, Grete Mørk Kindberg, Helena L. Fisk, and Svein Olaf Hustvedt
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,030109 nutrition & dietetics ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Triglyceride ,Glyceride ,food and beverages ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Fatty acid ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Fish oil ,complex mixtures ,Eicosapentaenoic acid ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,chemistry ,Docosahexaenoic acid ,lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins) ,Food science ,Diglyceride ,Docosapentaenoic acid ,health care economics and organizations - Abstract
A glyceride mixture of monoglyceride, diglyceride and TAG increases solubilisation and enhances emulsification of n-3 fatty acid (FA)-containing lipids in the stomach. This allows for better access of digestive enzymes, pivotal for the release of bioactive n-3 FA. The objective was to compare the effect of a glyceride formulation and an ethyl ester formulation of EPA + DHA on concentrations of EPA and DHA in plasma following single dosing. We conducted a double-blind crossover trial in which twenty healthy adults aged 50–70 years consumed a single dose (2·8 g EPA + DHA) of each EPA + DHA formulation without a meal in random order separated by a 2-week washout period. EPA and DHA were measured in plasma total lipid over the following 12 h. EPA and DHA in plasma total lipid increased over 12 h with both formulations. A 10-fold greater Δ concentration of EPA, 3-fold greater Δ concentration of DHA and 5-fold greater Δ concentration of EPA + DHA were seen with the glyceride-EPA + DHA. The time at which the maximal concentrations of n-3 FA occurred was 4 h earlier for EPA, 1 h earlier for DHA and 2 h earlier for EPA + DHA when consuming glyceride-EPA + DHA. A mixture of monoglyceride, diglyceride and TAG results in greater and faster incorporation of EPA and DHA into blood plasma lipid in the absence of a fatty meal. This may provide benefit to individuals on a low-fat diet or with digestive impairments and could result in greater efficacy in clinical trials using n-3 FA.
- Published
- 2020
43. Analisis Asam Lemak Omega 3 dan 6 pada Minyak Ikan Lele secara GC-FID
- Author
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Jansen Silalahi, Jamaran Kaban, Basuki Wirjosentono, and Maruba Pandiangan
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_compound ,Chemistry ,Linolenic acid ,Linoleic acid ,Glyceride ,fungi ,Composition (visual arts) ,Fatty acid composition ,Gas chromatography ,Food science ,Omega ,Catfish - Abstract
Omega 3 and 6 fatty acids are very good consumed to improve human health. For this reason, research is needed to determine the glyceride profile and identification of omega 3 and 6 fatty acids in fat molecules so that the potential of catfish oil as a source of omega 3 and 6 can be known. Catfish oil was extracted by the soxletation method. Fatty acid composition was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC-FID) which was previously esterified using BF3. The results showed that the composition of unsaturated fatty acids more than saturated fatty acids. Omega-3 fatty acids are found consisting of linolenic acid, eicosapentanoic acid (EPA) and docosahexanoic acid (DHA) and omega 6, namely linoleic acid. The comparison of omega 3 and omega 6 in catfish oil is still within the recommended comparison terms. Judging from the composition and position of catfish oil fatty acids which contain omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids. Thus catfish oil has the potential as a source of omega 3 and 6 from one of the freshwater fish that are consumed by many people.
- Published
- 2020
44. An organic solvent-tolerant lipase of Streptomyces pratensis MV1 with the potential application for enzymatic improvement of n6/n3 ratio in polyunsaturated fatty acids from fenugreek seed oil
- Author
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Hamid Forootanfar, Mohammad Ali Faramarzi, Somaye Imanparast, Mahbobeh Vahidi, Somayeh Mojtabavi, and Hoda Jahandar
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Fenugreek Seed Oil ,Central composite design ,Glyceride ,01 natural sciences ,0404 agricultural biotechnology ,010608 biotechnology ,Fenugreek seed oil ,Food science ,Lipase ,Streptomyces pratensis ,n-6/n-3 free fatty acid ratio ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Solvent tolerant lipase ,biology ,Fatty acid ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,040401 food science ,Enzyme ,chemistry ,biology.protein ,Original Article ,Polyunsaturated fatty acids ,Food Science ,Polyunsaturated fatty acid - Abstract
Lipase-catalyzed esterification is an efficient technique in the production of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) concentrates which are applied for nutrition and health purposes. In this project, a solvent-tolerant lipase from Streptomyces pratensis MV1 was immobilized and purified by a hydrophobic support. The purified lipase revealed enhanced activity and stability towards chemicals, organic solvents, and a broad range of pH values. The production of lipase was enhanced to 7.0 U/mL after optimization by a central composite design. Acylglycerols (AGs) rich in α-linolenic acid (45%, w/w) were produced and a favorable n-6/n-3 free fatty acid (FFA) ratio of 1.1 was achieved in fenugreek seed oil using the immobilized lipase. The ability of S. pratensis lipase in ester synthesis and the improvement of n6/n3 FFA ratio make it a suitable candidate in food production industries. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s13197-020-04784-w) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
- Published
- 2020
45. Lipase-mediated hydrolysis of hempseed oil in a packed-bed reactor and in-line purification of PUFA as mono- and diacylglycerols
- Author
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Marco Terreni, Giorgio Marrubini, Marco Esti, Ilaria Benucci, Daniela Ubiali, Gabriella Massolini, Alice Pedrali, and Teodora Bavaro
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Packed bed ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Chromatography ,biology ,Chemistry ,General Chemical Engineering ,Glyceride ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,040401 food science ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Oleic acid ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Hydrolysis ,0404 agricultural biotechnology ,Biotransformation ,010608 biotechnology ,Yield (chemistry) ,biology.protein ,lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins) ,Lipase ,Food Science ,Biotechnology ,Polyunsaturated fatty acid - Abstract
Mono- and diacylglycerols (MAG and DAG, respectively) of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are raising an increasing interest as novel non-ionic food emulsifiers owing to the recognized health-promoting effects of PUFA. We here reported on the lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis of hempseed oil in a homogeneous medium based on oil and t-BuOH/water carried out in a continuous flow packed-bed reactor (PBR). The biotransformation was carried out by feeding the reaction mixture upwards the PBR at varying flow rates through a peristaltic pump. The system was coupled in-line with a second glass column filled with an ion-exchange resin to retain hydrolyzed free fatty acids (FFA), thus allowing the straightforward purification of the glyceride component. A mixture of MAG and DAG (yield 40%, 620 mg) composed of linoleic and α-linolenic acid (82%) and oleic acid (16%) was obtained in less than 2 hours. The lipase-based PBR was used for 10 cycles without any loss of activity.
- Published
- 2020
46. Lipid Drug Conjugates for Improved Therapeutic Benefits
- Author
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Priya Shrivastava, Anamika Jain, Nikhar Vishwakarma, Suresh P. Vyas, Sonal Vyas, and Laxmikant Gautam
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Drug ,Glyceride ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Biological Availability ,01 natural sciences ,Micelle ,03 medical and health sciences ,Drug Delivery Systems ,Drug Discovery ,Humans ,Prodrugs ,030304 developmental biology ,media_common ,Pharmacology ,Drug Carriers ,0303 health sciences ,Liposome ,Chemistry ,Prodrug ,Combinatorial chemistry ,0104 chemical sciences ,Bioavailability ,010404 medicinal & biomolecular chemistry ,Nanoparticles ,Nanocarriers ,Conjugate - Abstract
Lipid drug conjugates (LDCs) are the chemical entities, which are commonly referred to as lipoidal prodrug. They contain the bioactive molecules, covalently or non-covalently linked with lipids like fatty acids, glycerides or phospholipids. Lipid drug conjugates are fabricated with the aim of increasing drug payload. It also prevents leakage of a highly polar bioactive(s) from the lipophilic matrix. Conjugating lipidic moieties to bioactive molecules improves hydrophobicity. It also modifies other characteristics of bioactive(s). These conjugates possess numerous merits encompassing enhanced tumor targeting, lymphatic system targeting, systemic bioavailability and decreased toxicity. Different conjugation approaches, chemical linkers and spacers can be used to synthesize LDCs based on the chemical behaviour of lipidic moieties and bioactive(s). The factors such as coupling/ conjugation methods, the linkers etc. regulate and control the release of bioactive(s) from the LDCs. It is considered as a crucial parameter for the better execution of the LDCs. The purpose of this review is to explore widely the potential of LDCs as an approach for improving the therapeutic indices of bioactive(s). In this review, the conjugation methods, various lipids used for preparing LDCs, and advantages of using LDCs are summarized. Though LDCs might be administered without using a carrier; however, majority of them are incorporated in an appropriate nanocarrier system. In the conjugates, the lipidic component may considerably improve the loading of lipoidal bioactive(s) in the lipid compartments. This results in high % drug entrapment in nanocarriers with greater stability. Several nanometric carriers such as polymeric nanoparticles, micelles, liposomes, emulsions and lipid nanoparticles, which have been explored, are reviewed here.
- Published
- 2020
47. Solid Lipid Microparticles for Oral Delivery of Catalase: Focus on the Protein Structural Integrity and Gastric Protection
- Author
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Serena Bertoni, Nadia Passerini, Beatrice Albertini, Manuela Bartolini, Cecilia Prata, Daniele Tedesco, Bertoni S., Tedesco D., Bartolini M., Prata C., Passerini N., and Albertini B.
- Subjects
Drug ,Circular dichroism ,Conformational change ,Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Glyceride ,Administration, Oral ,Pharmaceutical Science ,02 engineering and technology ,030226 pharmacology & pharmacy ,Protein Structure, Secondary ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Cell Line, Tumor ,Drug Discovery ,Humans ,media_common ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Drug Carriers ,Chromatography ,biology ,Fatty Acids ,Stomach ,catalase ,Fatty acid ,Biological activity ,Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Lipids ,oral delivery ,Microspheres ,Enzyme assay ,Protein Structure, Tertiary ,chemistry ,Catalase ,biology.protein ,solid lipid microparticle ,spray congealing ,Molecular Medicine ,solid lipid microparticles ,0210 nano-technology ,HT29 Cells ,gastric inactivation ,protein integrity - Abstract
Protein inactivation either during the production process or along the gastrointestinal tract is the major problem associated with the development of oral delivery systems for biological drugs. This work presents an evaluation of the structural integrity and the biological activity of a model protein, catalase, after its encapsulation in glyceryl trimyristate-based solid lipid microparticles (SLMs) obtained by the spray congealing technology. Circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopies were used to assess the integrity of catalase released from SLMs. The results confirmed that no conformational change occurred during the production process and both the secondary and tertiary structures were retained. Catalase is highly sensitive to temperature and undergoes denaturation above 60 °C; nevertheless, spray congealing allowed the retention of most biological activity due to the loading of the drug at the solid state, markedly reducing the risk of denaturation. Catalase activity after exposure to simulated gastric conditions (considering both acidic pH and the presence of gastric digestive hydrolases) ranged from 35 to 95% depending on the carrier: increasing of both the fatty acid chain length and the degree of substitution of the glyceride enhanced residual enzyme activity. SLMs allowed the protein release in a simulated intestinal environment and were not cytotoxic against HT29 cells. In conclusion, the encapsulation of proteins into SLMs by spray congealing might be a promising strategy for the formulation of nontoxic and inexpensive oral biotherapeutic products.
- Published
- 2020
48. C:Parameter Optimization of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Formulation
- Author
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Shimaa Gamal Salem, Shadeed Gad, and Ahmed Refaat Gardouh
- Subjects
Wax ,Chromatography ,Cetyl palmitate ,Chemistry ,Glyceride ,General Medicine ,Poloxamer ,Monoglyceride ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Pulmonary surfactant ,visual_art ,Solid lipid nanoparticle ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins) ,Microemulsion - Abstract
Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) are colloidal lipid carriers, which used for improving the bioavailability of lipophilic and hydrophilic drugs. SLN are composed of biodegradable lipids such as hard fats, highly purified triglycerides, monoglycerides, complex glyceride mixtures or waxes which are solid at room temperature. In the present study, different formulation variables, including the type and quantity of lipid and surfactant were optimized for the preparation of SLN. SLN were prepared by a modified micro emulsion-based method and their particle size was evaluated. Two types of surfactants Tween 80 and Poloxamer 188 were used. Also, the monoglyceride (Glyceryl monostearate) and wax (Cetyl palmitate) were used as lipid. The optimum SLN formulae were at lipid concentration 5%. The optimum surfactant concentration was 6%. SLN with a surfactant Tween 80 were smaller in size than Poloxamer 188 SLN. Glyceryl monostearate formed a smaller size SLN than Cetyl palmitate. Increasing Glyceryl monostearate concentration in the lipid ratio resulted in the formation of small size SLN.
- Published
- 2020
49. Effects of deodorization temperature and time on the formation of 3‐MCPD, 2‐MCPD, and glycidyl esters and physicochemical changes of palm oil
- Author
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Maisa Freitas Capristo, Eduardo Vicente, Renan Gusmão Tivanello, Adriana Pavesi Arisseto, Roseli Aparecida Ferrari, and Klicia Araujo Sampaio
- Subjects
Glycerol ,0303 health sciences ,Hot Temperature ,Time Factors ,030309 nutrition & dietetics ,Glyceride ,Glycidol ,alpha-Chlorohydrin ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Fatty Acids, Nonesterified ,Palm Oil ,040401 food science ,Glycerides ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0404 agricultural biotechnology ,chemistry ,3-MCPD ,Palm oil ,Epoxy Compounds ,Plant Oils ,Cooking ,Food science ,Food Science - Abstract
This study verified the formation profile of esters of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPDE), 2-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (2-MCPDE), and glycidol (GE), and evaluated the physicochemical changes (free-fatty acid, acylglycerols, and colour) that occurred during the deodorization of palm oil in different conditions of time (30, 60, 90, and 120 min) and temperature (210, 230, 250, and 270 °C). Levels of 3-MCPD and 2-MCPD esters ranged from 1.91 to 2.70 mg/kg and 0.68 to 1.44 mg/kg, respectively, and were formed at the mildest tested condition (210 °C, 30 min). No correlation was observed between these contaminants and physicochemical changes. GE levels varied from 0.12 to 8.51 mg/kg and showed correlation with color and diacylglycerol content. While the temperature had little influence on the formation of esters of 3-MCPD and 2-MCPD, the content of GE considerably raised above 250 °C.
- Published
- 2020
50. Crystallization-Induced Network Formation of Tri- and Monopalmitin at the Middle-Chain Triglyceride Oil/Air Interface
- Author
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Erich J. Windhab, Jotam Bergfreund, Pascal Bertsch, Kim Mishra, and Peter Fischer
- Subjects
Materials science ,Morphology (linguistics) ,Glyceride ,02 engineering and technology ,Surfaces and Interfaces ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,law.invention ,Crystal ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Rheology ,Chemical engineering ,chemistry ,law ,Tripalmitin ,Electrochemistry ,Molecule ,General Materials Science ,Crystallization ,Elasticity (economics) ,0210 nano-technology ,Spectroscopy - Abstract
Crystalline glycerides play an important role in the formation of multiphase systems such as emulsions and foams. The stabilization of oil/water interfaces by glyceride crystals has been extensively studied compared to only few studies which have been dedicated to oil/air interfaces. This study investigates the crystallization and network formation of tripalmitin (TP) and monopalmitin (MP) at the middle-chain triglyceride (MCT) oil/air interface. TP crystals were found to crystallize in the bulk before aggregating as large rectangular crystal conglomerates at the MCT oil/air interface. This leads to the slow formation of a plastic deformable, macroscopic crystal layer with high interfacial rheological moduli. MP crystals form directly at the MCT oil/air interface resulting in a comparatively fast formation of an elastic deformable network. Crystals with tentacle-like morphology were found to be responsible for the network elasticity. In this work, we show how interfacial crystallization dynamics and mechanical strength can be linked to the molecular structure and crystallization behavior of glyceride crystals. © 2020 American Chemical Society. ISSN:0743-7463 ISSN:1520-5827
- Published
- 2020
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