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Neonicotinoid is a new class of systemic insecticides that are selectively toxic to insects. However, cases of human toxicity have been reported. A man in his 60s, who worked as a pest control operator (which required the use of thiamethoxam), presented with fever and headache. We investigated the levels of thiamethoxam and clothianidin in the blood and urine. Our results suggested that chronic thiamethoxam intoxication was caused by occupational inhalation exposure and environmental pollution. After cessation of insecticide use, the patient remained asymptomatic but had persistent oral dysesthesia and postural finger tremor, even at undetectable levels of thiamethoxam and clothianidin. This case report is the first to describe human thiamethoxam intoxication after occupational inhalation exposure. When similar symptoms are encountered and a history of insecticide use is confirmed, clinicians should consider the diagnosis of neonicotinoid intoxication.

Iatrogenic Cushing syndrome is a well-known adverse reaction of steroids, but there are few reports of this condition caused by topical agents. Although systemic side effects from topical steroids are rare, lack of physician awareness and patient guidance can lead to a risk of adverse reaction of steroids. A 12-year-old girl had been treated with betamethasone butyrate propionate as atopic dermatitis from age 6. However, her family doctor continued to prescribe without explaining how to use and the risks of side effects. As a result of continuing to apply 15 grams of it all over her body every week, except in summer when skin symptoms were mild, she developed Cushing syndrome and was referred to our hospital after short stature was reviled at school physical examination. Although MRI scan indicated possible anterior pituitary suppression, there were no suppressive findings in the hormone loading test. With appropriate topical steroids, Cushing symptoms have generally improved, and the decline in the growth rate of her height has stopped. Thus, topical corticosteroids can cause systemic side effects in children. We should avoid inappropriate topical steroids use and properly instruct patients and their families about the use of the drugs and the side effects of treatment.

This study aimed to determine the efficacy of postural management in the lateral position for primiparous breech presentation.A retrospective cohort study was conducted at a single institution from January 2020 through December 2020. Participants were singleton primiparous pregnant women diagnosed with breech presentation between 28 + 0 and 29 + 6 weeks of gestation. The exclusion criteria were scheduled cesarean delivery, uterine malformation, transverse position, and scheduled delivery at another hospital. A doctor instructed the women in the intervention group to lie on their right sides several times a day if the fetal back was on the left side or lie on their left sides if the fetal back was on the right side. The knee-chest position and other methods were not recommended. The control group received expectant management care. The primary endpoint was the percentage of fetuses in a cephalic presentation 2 weeks later.Of the 56 women included in the study, 17 women were instructed to lie in the lateral position, and 39 women received expectant management care only. After 2 weeks, women who were instructed to lie in lateral position had a higher rate of fetal cephalic version than the control group (82.4% [14/17] vs. 43.6% [17/39], p = 0.017). No study participants experienced adverse effects.Two weeks of postural management in the lateral position without the knee-chest position significantly reduced the rate of primiparous breech presentation in the third trimester of pregnancy.

小児肥満は高率に成人肥満へ移行し動脈硬化性疾患のリスクを増加させるだけでなく，小児期から肥満に関連する健康障害を引き起こすため対策が重要である．運動は肥満の予防や改善に強く関連するが，肥満小児にとって継続が難しい側面もある．運動介入プログラムでなく，自主的な運動の効果について検討した研究は少ない．そこで運動の有効性を明らかにするため，10〜12歳の肥満男児について，自主的な運動の有無により体格指標や生化学的検査に差があるか検討した．スポーツクラブ等に所属し週1回以上継続的に運動を行う群で，ウエスト周囲長，ウエスト身長比，血圧が有意に低かった．内臓脂肪蓄積がメタボリックシンドロームの主体であり，高血圧やインスリン抵抗性等を伴って健康障害をもたらす．内臓脂肪は皮下脂肪よりも運動に鋭敏に反応することから，運動群のウエスト周囲長は少ない内臓脂肪を反映し，血圧の改善にも関与していると考えられた．肥満だと運動に対する苦手意識を持ちやすく，運動効果を実感出来ずに続かない事も多いが，本検討では，体重やBMI Zスコアに差がなくても改善しているパラメーターが認められ，運動を継続的に行うことの有効性が示された．, Childhood obesity has a high probability of transitioning to adult obesity, increasing the risk of arteriosclerosis. In addition, since childhood obesity causes health problems related to obesity from childhood, it is important to address the problem of obesity. Exercise is strongly associated with the prevention and improvement of obesity, but it is often difficult for children with obesity to continue exercising. Therefore, to clarify the effectiveness of continuous and voluntary exercise in boys with obesity aged 10 to 12, we examined whetherthere is a difference in anthropometric index and blood test depending on exercise. Waist circumference length, waist height ratio, and blood pressure were significantly lower in the group who voluntarily exercised at least once a week than that of non-exercise group. Visceral fat accumulation is the main component of metabolic syndrome and causes health problems accompanied by hypertension and insulin resistance. However, visceral fat responds more sensitively to exercise than subcutaneous fat. The waist height ratio of the exercise groupreflected low visceral fat, suggesting that exercise was also associated with improvement in blood pressure. Children with obesity tend to have a weakness in exercise. In addition, they often do not continue exercising unless they can feel the effects of exercising. However, even if there was no difference in body weight or BMI Z score, parameters that were improved by the voluntarysports activities of children with obesity were observed. Therefore, the effectiveness of continuous exercise was shown.

The TRIUMF Ultra-Cold Advanced Neutron (TUCAN) collaboration aims at a precision neutron electric dipole moment (nEDM) measurement with an uncertainty of $10^{-27}\,e\cdot\mathrm{cm}$, which is an order-of-magnitude better than the current nEDM upper limit and enables us to test Supersymmetry. To achieve this precision, we are developing a new high-intensity ultracold neutron (UCN) source using super-thermal UCN production in superfluid helium (He-II) and a nEDM spectrometer. The current development status of them is reported in this article., Comment: Proceedings of the 24th International Spin Symposium (SPIN 2021), 18-22 October 2021, Matsue, Japan

[Purpose] Exercise is a key factor in preventing obesity and metabolic syndrome. Sumo wrestlers increase their body size from childhood for athletic advantage; however, the risk of metabolic syndrome in junior sumo wrestlers is undetermined. Preventive measures against pediatric obesity should be initiated during childhood to prevent obesity in adulthood, considering its high global incidence. We comparatively evaluated the risk factors for metabolic syndrome in junior sumo wrestlers and children with obesity.[Methods] We enrolled 70 male children (age 9–17 years [sumo group, n = 14] and 9–14 years [other sports and non-exercise groups, n = 28 each]) and evaluated their anthropometric parameters (height, weight, body mass index z-score, obesity rate, waist circumference, waist to height ratio) and hematological parameters (total, low-density, high-density, and non-high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; triglycerides; plasma glucose, and glycated hemoglobin levels).[Results] The BMI z-score, obesity rate, waist circumference (p < 0.05, along with the non-exercise group), and systolic blood pressure were significantly higher and the high-density cholesterol level was lower in the sumo group than in the other sports group (p < 0.05). The waist to height ratio was significantly higher in the non-exercise group than in the other sports group (p < 0.05). No significant difference was found in other blood lipid, plasma glucose (significantly lower level than the reference range in the sumo group, p < 0.05), and glycated hemoglobin (within the reference range in all groups) levels among the three groups.[Conclusion] Junior sumo wrestlers had a larger body size and higher blood pressure than children with obesity who exercised regularly. This provides direction for future research into targeted preventive interventions against metabolic syndrome for junior sumo wrestlers with large body size.

The TUCAN (TRIUMF Ultra-Cold Advanced Neutron) collaboration aims to search for the neutron electric dipole moment (nEDM) with unprecedented precision. One of the essential elements for the nEDM measurement is a polarization analyzer of ultracold neutrons (UCNs), whose main component is a magnetized thin iron film. Several thin iron films were deposited on aluminum and silicon ubstrates and were characterized by vibrating sample magnetometry and cold-neutron reflectometry. A magnetic field required to saturate the iron film is $\sim$12 kA/m for those on the aluminum substrates and 6.4 kA/m for the silicon substrates. The magnetic potential of the iron films on the Si substrate was estimated to be 2 T by the neutron reflectometry, which is sufficient performance for an UCN polarization analyzer of the nEDM measurement., Proceedings of the 24th International Spin Symposium (SPIN 2021), 18-22 October 2021, Matsue, Japan

Human behavioral sex differences are currently understood to result from a combination of social, cultural, cognitive, and biological mechanisms. To understand how gender identity as the sexuality of the mind is formed is important for understanding psychosexual problems of children and to consider how to manage patients with disorders of sex development（DSD）, in which the development of gonads and genitals is atypical and it is difficult to determine the gender of boys and girls. There is consistent evidence that early testosterone exposure influences childhood gender role behavior, as well as gender identity and sexual orientation. In this review, we summarize the most relevant studies on the biological basis of sexual development. In particular, we focus on the impact of sex hormones and genetic background on development of sexual differentiation and gender identity, with introduction of our research using figure drawings by pediatric patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia, which is also a DSD.

2019年12月以降，中国湖北省武漢より広まった新型コロナウイルス（severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2；SARS-CoV-2）による感染症（coronavirus disease 2019；COVID-19）の流行により，2020年5月末時点で全世界で33万人を超える死者が報告された．致死率は高齢者や基礎疾患を有する患者に高く，現時点で有効な治療法は確立していない．また急務とされるワクチンの開発も実現していない．人々は集団感染を予防するため世界の各都市で都市封鎖や自粛生活を余儀なくされた．更なる感染拡大の防止に向けて，成人のCOVID-19においては既存の治療薬を応用した対症療法の確立が試みられている．しかし小児の治療法に関する報告は少ない．本稿では小児のCOVID-19の治療になりえる薬剤や投与方法について国内外の知見を参考に，当院小児科における治療方針（案）を定めた．, Since December 2019 , coronavirus disease 2019（COVID-19）caused by the new coronavirus（severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2；SARS-CoV-2）has been spread from Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. As of the end of May 2020, more than 330,000 deaths were reported all over the world. The mortality rate is especially high among the elderly and patients with underlying diseases. However, the effective treatment for COVD-19 has not been established. In addition, no effective vaccine has been developed against COVID-19. To prevent the COVID-19 outbreaks, people became self-restrained in daily life by lock down cities all around the world. Clinically, various therapies have been tried in adult patients of COVID-19 to prevent further outbreaks. On the other hand, there are few reports for the treatment of pediatric COVID-19 patients. In this paper, we proposed treatment strategies for pediatric patients with COVID-19 in the Department of Pediatrics, Dokkyo Medical University Hospital.

Neutron imaging is a nondestructive inspection technique that has a wide range of applications. One of the important aspects of neutron imaging is achieving a micrometer-scale spatial resolution. The development of a high-resolution neutron detector is a challenging task. As one potential solution to this task, we investigate whether neutron detectors based on fine-grained nuclear emulsions are suitable for high-resolution neutron imaging applications. High track density is necessary to improve the quality of neutron imaging. However, the available track analysis methods are difficult to apply under high track density conditions. Simulated images are used to determine the required track density for neutron imaging. A track density of the order of [Formula: see text] tracks per [Formula: see text] is sufficient to utilize neutron detectors for imaging applications. Contrast resolution was also investigated for image datasets with various track densities and neutron transmission rates. Moreover, experiments were performed for the neutron imaging of gadolinium-based gratings with known geometries. The grating structures were successfully resolved. The calculated [Formula: see text] 10%–90% edge response using the grayscale optical images of the grating slit with a periodic structure of 9 [Formula: see text]m was [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]m.

Neutron imaging is a non-destructive inspection technique with a wide range of potential applications. One of the key technical interests concerning neutron imaging is to achieve micrometer-scale spatial resolution. However, developing a neutron detector with a high spatial resolution is a challenging task. Recent efforts are focused on achieving this milestone or even submicrometer spatial resolution. Herein, we introduce our technique for neutron imaging using a fine-grained nuclear emulsion and evaluate the spatial resolution. We used the fine-grained nuclear emulsion with a gadolinium-based Siemens star test pattern and a grating with a periodic structure of 9 μm. The deduced value of the spatial resolution is less than 1 μm using the developed technique. To the best of our knowledge, the submicrometer spatial resolution that we achieved using our method is the best among all reported neutron imaging devices.

Fluorescent nuclear track detectors (FNTDs) based on Al${_2}$O${_3}$:C,Mg crystals are luminescent detectors that can be used for dosimetry and detection of charged particles and neutrons. These detectors can be utilised for imaging applications where a reasonably high track density, approximately of the order of 1 $\times$ $10^4$ tracks in an area of 100 $\times$ 100 $\mu$m$^2$, is required. To investigate the reusability of FNTDs for imaging applications, we present an approach to perform optical bleaching under the required track density conditions. The reusability was assessed through seven irradiation-bleaching cycles. For the irradiation, the studied FNTD was exposed to alpha-particles from an $^{241}$Am radioactive source. The optical bleaching was performed by means of ultraviolet laser light with a wavelength of 355 nm. Three dedicated regions on a single FNTD with different accumulated track densities and bleaching conditions were investigated. After every irradiation-bleaching cycle, signal-to-noise ratio was calculated to evaluate FNTD performance. It is concluded that FNTDs can be reused at least seven times for applications where accumulation of a high track density is required.

Objectives Adiposity rebound (AR) refers to an increase in body mass index (BMI) after a nadir. Early AR, in which AR occurs earlier than five years old, is a risk factor for future obesity and metabolic syndrome, but has not been widely studied in very-low-birth-weight infants (VLBWIs). Methods The subjects were VLBWIs born in Dokkyo Medical University NICU from January 2008 to December 2010. Height and weight measured at birth and at intervals until seven years old were obtained from medical records. The lowest BMI after one year of age was used for the age of AR. The subjects were divided into those with early and normal AR ( Results There were 38 early AR cases and 62 normal AR cases, giving a prevalence of early AR similar to that in infants with normal birth weight. BMI percentile at age seven years was significantly higher in early AR cases than in normal AR cases (44.6 [IQR: 21.0–79.2] vs. 14.4 [IQR: 3.8–40.8] kg/m2). Changes in BMI were also significantly higher in early AR cases (p=0.024 by ANOVA). Conclusions Early AR in VLBWIs is a predictor of future obesity.

A neutron detector using a fine-grained nuclear emulsion has a sub-micron spatial resolution and thus has potential to be applied as high-resolution neutron imaging. In this paper, we present two approaches to applying the emulsion detectors for neutron imaging. One is using a track analysis to derive the reaction points for high resolution. From an image obtained with a 9 &mu, m pitch Gd grating with cold neutrons, periodic peak with a standard deviation of 1.3 &mu, m was observed. The other is an approach without a track analysis for high-density irradiation. An internal structure of a crystal oscillator chip, with a scale of approximately 30 &mu, m, was able to be observed after an image analysis.

A woman in her 30s with cervical cancer underwent postoperative chemotherapy and showed allergic reactions to multiple taxanes. As the patient had infusion reactions to both paclitaxel and docetaxel, a prick test with Cremophor was conducted. In the absence of an allergic reaction to etoposide, we determined that the patient was allergic to pure taxane compounds. Among infusion reactions caused by taxanes, Cremophor allergy is reported in 3% of cases. Therefore, a prick test with Cremophor performed on a taxane infusion reaction will be useful in diagnosing allergy. In addition, allergy due to docetaxel may be managed by adequate premedication and continuous intravenous chlorpheniramine administration.

The neutron lifetime has been measured by comparing the decay rate with the reaction rate of $^3$He nuclei of a pulsed neutron beam from the spallation neutron source at the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC). The decay rate and the reaction rate were determined by simultaneously detecting electrons from the neutron decay and protons from the $^3$He(n,p)$^3$H reaction using a gas chamber of which working gas contains diluted $^3$He. The measured neutron lifetime was $898\,\pm\,10\,_{\rm stat}\,^{+15}_{-18}\,_{\rm sys}\,$s., 28 pages, 20 figures, will be submitted to PTEP

Dynamic changes in body weight have long been recognized as important indicators of risk for human health. Many population-based observational studies have shown that rapid weight gain during infancy, including a catch-up growth phenomenon or adiposity rebound in early childhood, predisposes a person to the development of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases later in life. However, a consensus has not been established regarding which period of weight gain contributes to future risks. This review evaluates recent evidence on the relationship between early rapid growth and future obesity and cardiometabolic risk, with a focus on the differential significance of rapid weight gain in infancy and early childhood. Although there is a need for attention to childhood growth during early infancy before 1 yr of age as it may be related to future obesity, emerging evidence strongly suggests that toddlers showing an increase in body mass index (BMI) before 3 yr of age, a period normally characterized by decreased BMI, are prone to developing later cardiometabolic risk.

Implantation is essential for successful reproduction. In humans, uterine receptivity is restricted to the mid-secretory phase, days 19 to 24 of the menstrual cycle; and this period is called the window of implantation (WOI). Large populations of decidual leukocytes infiltrate the implantation site, and the levels of cytokines, prostaglandins (PGs), and leukocytes are up-regulated in the endometrium during implantation. Implantation is like a local wound healing process which is characterized by a strong Th1, pro-inflammatory response in which high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, LIF, IL-8, and TNFα are involved. In addition, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression increases between days 2 to 5, suggesting that PGs are necessary for the process of stromal cell decidualization in early pregnancy. Recently, it was reported that endometrial biopsies taken during spontaneous cycles that preceding IVF treatment improved the rate of implantation, clinical pregnancies, and live births in p...

International audience; ObjectivesNeonicotinoid insecticides are widely used systemic pesticides with nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist activity that are a concern as environmental pollutants. Neonicotinoids in humans and the environment have been widely reported, but few studies have examined their presence in fetuses and newborns. The objective of this study is to determine exposure to neonicotinoids and metabolites in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants.MethodsAn analytical method for seven neonicotinoids and one neonicotinoid metabolite, N-desmethylacetamiprid (DMAP), in human urine using LC-ESI/MS/MS was developed. This method was used for analysis of 57 urine samples collected within 48 hours after birth from VLBW infants of gestational age 23–34 weeks (male/female = 36/21, small for gestational age (SGA)/appropriate gestational age (AGA) = 6/51) who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of Dokkyo Hospital from January 2009 to December 2010. Sixty-five samples collected on postnatal day 14 (M/F = 37/22, SGA/AGA = 7/52) were also analyzed.ResultsDMAP, a metabolite of acetamiprid, was detected in 14 urine samples collected at birth (24.6%, median level 0.048 ppb) and in 7 samples collected on postnatal day 14 (11.9%, median level 0.09 ppb). The urinary DMAP detection rate and level were higher in SGA than in AGA infants (both p

Childhood Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) occasionally leads to respiratory failure early after onset, requiring long-term ventilation management after tracheal intubation. However, patients requiring tracheostomy management are rare. In the present study, a case of a 12-year-old boy with GBS who required artificial respiration management due to rapid progression of respiratory muscle paralysis is reported. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) and pulse steroid therapy were provided; however, both were ineffective and tracheostomy was necessary 26 days after onset. A second course of IVIg and pulse steroid therapy was administered on day 34. With continued rehabilitation, the patient was able to walk long distances on day 74 and was subsequently discharged on day 89. In cases of severe GBS, when IVIg and pulse steroid therapy do not improve the respiratory muscle strength of the patient, early tracheostomy may improve the patient's quality of life during artificial respiration management.

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to verify whether lipid emulsion treatment aggravates infection and inflammation in very low-birthweight (VLBW) infants. STUDY DESIGN Very low-birthweight (

The Nagoya University Accelerator driven Neutron Source (NUANS) is constructed at the main campus of the Nagoya University. The electrostatic accelerator is used with the maximum proton energy and intensity of 2.8MeV, 15mA(42kW) respectively. Two neutron beamlines are designed at NUANS. The BL1 is dedicated to BNCT development. The BL2 is designed for research and development for neutron devices and neutron imaging. The neutrons used for the BL2 are generated by using the (p, n) reaction from a thin beryllium target. We constructed a compact target station for the BL2 and measured the neutron transmission image.

Background/Aim: We demonstrated that AT1 and AT2 are expressed and both pathways balance the renin-angiotensin system in endometriosis. MAS1, a specific receptor of angiotensin (1–7), opposes AT1 pathway-associated tissue remodelling. It is not known whether MAS1 has an effect on the pathogenesis of endometriosis or not. Materials and Methods: Ovarian endometriotic tissues (endo-Ov) and eutopic endometrial tissues (endo-Em) were obtained from 29 patients with endometrial cysts. Normal endometrial tissues (cont-Em) were obtained from patients without endometriosis. Immunohistochemical staining was performed for MAS1, AT1 and AT2 in the endometriosis-associated tissues. The mRNA levels of these receptors were examined by quantitative reverse transcription PCR. Results: MAS1 was immune-positive at the apical side of the glandular epithelium in the endometriotic lesions. The MAS1 mRNA levels in endo-Ov were increased significantly, irrespective of the menstrual cycle phase. The MAS1 mRNA levels were significantly higher in the proliferative-tissues of the endometriosis patients than in those of the controls. The ratio of the MAS1 to the AT1 mRNA in the proliferative tissues was increased predominantly in the endometriosis patients compared with that in the controls. Conclusion: High MAS1 expression in the endometrium might promote the initiation of endometriosis via migration of proliferative tissue.

新生児遷延性肺高血圧症(persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn:PPHN)は,出生早期に肺高血圧症を発症し高度の低酸素血症を来す疾患である.正期産児のPPHNに対しては,NO吸入療法(inhaled nitric oxide:iNO)が有効とされているが,早産児における有効性は確立していない.今回,我々は在胎30週未満の早産児に対するiNOの有効性および安全性について検討した.対象は,出生後3日以内にiNOを施行した在胎30週未満の早産児39例である.肺高血圧の原因疾患は肺炎・敗血症が多かった.基礎疾患によって有効率が異なったが,iNO開始1時間の時点で全体の64%の症例はPPHNが改善した.PPHN改善後は速やかにiNOを減量・離脱できた症例が多かった.無効症例は週数・出生体重がより小さい児で多かった.有害事象としてはメトヘモグロビン血症を2例認めた.iNOは早産児のPPHNに対して,短期間の加療で出生早期の循環動態を改善させる有用な治療法であると考えられた., Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) is a disease in which newborns develop pulmonary hypertension soon after birth, causing severe hypoxemia. Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) therapy is effective in treating PPHN in term infants;however, the efficacy of iNO in preterm infants has not been established. We investigated the efficacy and safety of iNO as a treatment for preterm infants born at