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We study the effects of irradiating water with 3 MeV protons at high doses by observing the motion of charged polystyrene beads outside the proton beam. By single-particle tracking, we measure a radial velocity of the order of microns per second. Combining electrokinetic theory with simulations of the beam-generated reaction products and their outward diffusion, we find that the bead motion is due to electrophoresis in the electric field induced by the mobility contrast of cations and anions. This work sheds light on the perturbation of biological systems by high-dose radiations and paves the way for the manipulation of colloid or macromolecular dispersions by radiation-induced diffusiophoresis.

Calculations of the cross sections of inelastic electron scattering $(e,e')$ on a nucleus in the multi-keV energy range strongly depend on the description of the screening of the nuclear Coulomb potential as well as on the deformation of the wave functions of the incoming and outgoing electron in the vicinity of the nucleus. These cross sections are evaluated at values lower than $10^{-30}$ cm$^2$ which vary by several orders of magnitude according to the models. Experimental measurements would be required to constrain the models but it is a real challenge to measure such low cross sections. In this study, we demonstrate that inelastic electron scattering is the main nuclear excitation mechanism in a $^{181}$Ta target irradiated with a new intense 10 - 30 keV electron beam produced with a biased laser-plasma. Calculations show that through the detection of conversion electrons, it should be possible to measure the nuclear excitation yields. The effect of electron beam heating and of plasma deposition on the tantalum target are quantified, thus allowing the dimensioning of a possible experimental configuration to study $(e,e')$ processes in this range of energy for the first time.

High power lasers have proven being capable to produce high energy gamma rays, charged particles and neutrons to induce all kinds of nuclear reactions. At ELI, the studies with high power lasers will enter for the first time into new domains of power and intensities.

A compact low-energy and high-intensity X-ray source for radiation biology applications is presented. A laser-induced plasma moves inside a 30 kV diode and produces a beam of 10$^{14}$ electrons at the anode location. An aluminum foil converts a part of the energy of these electrons into X-ray photons which are characterized using filtered imaging plates. The dose that would be deposited by these X-ray photons in C. elegans larvae is calculated from Geant4 simulations. It can be set to a value ranging between 10 $\mu$Gy and 10 mGy per laser shot by simply changing the aluminum foil thickness and the diode voltage. Therefore, this versatile and compact X-ray source opens a new path to explore the radiation effects induced by dose rates varying over several orders of magnitude., Comment: 5 pages, 6 figures

A compact low-energy and high-intensity electron source for material aging applications is presented. A laser-induced plasma moves inside a 30 kV diode and produces a 5 MW electron beam at the anode location. The corresponding dose that can be deposited into silicon or gallium samples is estimated to be 25 kGy per laser shot. The dose profile strongly depends on the cathode voltage and can be adjusted from 100 nm to 1 $\mu$m. With this versatile source, a path is opened to study micro or nano-electronic components under high irradiation, without the standard radioprotection issues.

The energy distributions of Ta ions produced in a nanosecond laser-heated plasma at 4$\times$10$^{15}$ W/cm$^{2}$ are experimentally and theoretically investigated. They are measured far from the target with an electrostatic spectrometer and charge collectors. Shadowgraphy and interferometry are used to characterize the plasma dynamics in the first nanoseconds of the plasma expansion for electron densities ranging from 10$^{18}$ to 10$^{20}$ cm$^{-3}$. The experimental data clearly show two components in the energy distributions which depend on the ion charge states. These components are discussed in light of fluid and kinetic descriptions of the expanding plasma. In particular, quantitative comparisons with calculations performed with 3D hydrodynamic (Troll) and 1D3V Particle In Cell (XooPIC) codes demonstrate that a double layer created at the plasma-vacuum interface plays a crucial role in the acceleration of the highest charge state ions at high energy., Comment: Accepted for publication in Physical Review E

A complete set of cross sections is reported for the ionization of water molecules by neutral atomic hydrogen impact at velocities of the order of the Bragg peak. The measured relative cross sections are normalized by comparison with proton impact results for the same target conditions and previous absolute data. Event by event coincidence analysis of the product ions and the projectile enables partial cross sections for target ionization and target plus projectile ionization to be determined, as well as total cross sections for electron loss reactions., Comment: To be published in Chemical Physics Letters

We study energy relaxation in a phenomenological model for polymer built from rheological considerations: a one dimensional nonlinear lattice with dissipative couplings. These couplings are well known in polymer's community to be possibly responsible of beta-relaxation (as in Burger's model). After thermalisation of this system, the extremities of the chain are put in contact with a zero-temperature reservoir, showing the existence of surprising quasi-stationary states with non zero energy when the dissipative coupling is high. This strange behavior, due to long-lived nonlinear localized modes, induces stretched exponential laws. Furthermore, we observe a strong dependence on the waiting time tw after the quench of the two-time intermediate correlation function C(tw+t,tw). This function can be scaled onto a master curve, similar to the case of spin or Lennard-Jones glasses., Comment: 8 pages, 10 figures