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The study investigated age-related trends in moral identity goal characteristics, as proposed in previous research (Krettenauer, 2022a), by modifying the Self-Importance of Moral Identity Questionnaire (Aquino & Reed, 2002). Internally and externally motivated moral identity was assessed on varying levels of abstractness for promotion orientation as well as prevention orientation in Canadian participants from three different age groups: early adolescence (13-14 years, n = 248, 119 female), late adolescence to early adulthood (17-20 years, n = 251, 160 female), and mid to old age (50-76 years, n = 129, 76 female). Findings demonstrate that the self-importance of abstract moral identity characteristics increased with age relative to concrete identity characteristics, while the relationship between the two characteristics weakened. The same trend was found for internal moral identity motivation in comparison to external motivation. The study demonstrates that moral identity does not only reflect stable individual differences but is also an important developmental construct. Merging developmental and individual difference perspectives on moral identity opens new and promising avenues for future research.

This article studies the relationship between the authorities of newly independent India and mission schools using the case of (and the perspective/sources from) the Society of Jesus (Jesuits) in Chotanagpur (then South Bihar, now Jharkhand). These relationships were marked by much tension in the late 1940s and early 1950s. An abundance of issues--for instance on finances, appointments, recognition, and management--mirror the fight over the control of the mission schools. However, these debates faded in the late 1950s, inter alia because policy-makers became aware of the benefits of mission schools, both in efficiently educating and in collectively suppressing communism.

The present study was meant to investigate longitudinal change in pro-environmental behaviour from the early teenage years to early adulthood as it relates to changes in nature connectedness and the endorsement of pro-environmental norms. A cross-sequential study design was used in which two cohorts of Canadian adolescents (12- to 14-year-olds, n = 220, 110 females, and 18- to 20-year-olds, n = 390, 305 females) were followed up longitudinally over four years and three waves of data collection. All measures were based on Rasch scales. Latent growth models demonstrated non-linear change in both cohorts. Pro-environmental behaviour, connectedness with nature and norm endorsement significantly increased in the first two years of the longitudinal study, while this increase levelled off thereafter. Cross-lagged panel analyses demonstrated that nature connectedness and endorsement of pro-environmental norms reciprocally predicted pro-environmental behaviour in both cohorts, with one dominant path from pro-environmental behaviour to norm endorsement. As adolescents and young adults continue to engage in pro-environmental behaviour, they increasingly tend to endorse pro-environmental norms. Connectedness with nature and norm endorsement, by contrast, did not evidence any cross-lagged relationship. Overall, the study provides valuable insights into how the disposition to engage in pro-environmental behaviour forms in youth. • This study provides longitudinal findings on how pro-environmental behaviour forms in youth. • There is no evidence for an "adolescent dip" in the development of pro-environmental behaviour. • Change in pro-environmental behaviour, nature connectedness and the endorsement of pro-environmental norms is related. • Pro-environmental behaviour leads to stronger norm endorsement over the course of development. • Nature connectedness and norm endorsement do not influence each other over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aspires to take a closer look at the decolonization of Flemish and Brussels public space by analyzing the naming and renaming of streets in 2017. It explores the general trends in the choice of names for new streets, discusses some of the existing controversial street names, defines the sparks that ignited new debates, analyzes the stances of different participants and examines the authorities' reaction. Focusing on two debates - one on colonial references and one on Cyriel Verschaeve, a Flemish nationalist priest who collaborated with the Nazis - it argues that there was much greater attention to and unanimity about Cyriel Verschaeve streets than about the many more colonial street names. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]