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Background: Eye-tracking technology could be used to study human factors during teamwork. Objectives: This work aimed to compare the visual attention (VA) of a team member acting as both a team leader and managing the airway, compared to a team member performing the focused task of managing the airway in the presence of a dedicated team leader. This work also aimed to report differences in team performance, behavioural skills, and workload between the two groups using validated tools. Methods: We conducted a simulation-based, pilot randomised controlled study. The participants included were volunteer paediatric trainees, nurse practitioners, and neonatal nurses. Three teams consisting of four team members were formed. Each team participated in two identical neonatal resuscitation simulation scenarios in a random order, once with and once without a team leader. Using a commercially available eye-tracking device, we analysed VA regarding attention to (1) a manikin, (2) a colleague, and (3) a monitor. Only the trainee who was the airway operator would wear eye-tracking glasses in both simulations. Results: In total, 6 simulation scenarios and 24 individual role allocations were analysed. Participants in a no-team-leader capacity had a greater number of total fixations on manikin and monitors, though this was not significant. There were no significant differences in team performance, behavioural skills, and individual workload. Physical demand was reported as significantly higher by participants in the group without a team leader. During debriefing, all the teams expressed their preference for having a dedicated team leader. Conclusion: In our pilot study using low-cost technology, we could not demonstrate the difference in VA with the presence of a team leader. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Falls are a major concern for people with Parkinson's disease (PwPD), but accurately assessing real-world fall risk beyond the clinic is challenging. Contemporary technologies could enable the capture of objective and high-resolution data to better inform fall risk through measurement of everyday factors (e.g., obstacles) that contribute to falls. Wearable inertial measurement units (IMUs) capture objective high-resolution walking/gait data in all environments but are limited by not providing absolute clarity on contextual information (i.e., obstacles) that could greatly influence how gait is interpreted. Video-based data could compliment IMU-based data for a comprehensive free-living fall risk assessment. The objective of this study was twofold. First, pilot work was conducted to propose a novel artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm for use with wearable video-based eye-tracking glasses to compliment IMU gait data in order to better inform free-living fall risk in PwPD. The suggested approach (based on a fine-tuned You Only Look Once version 8 (YOLOv8) object detection algorithm) can accurately detect and contextualize objects (mAP50 = 0.81) in the environment while also providing insights into where the PwPD is looking, which could better inform fall risk. Second, we investigated the perceptions of PwPD via a focus group discussion regarding the adoption of video technologies and AI during their everyday lives to better inform their own fall risk. This second aspect of the study is important as, traditionally, there may be clinical and patient apprehension due to ethical and privacy concerns on the use of wearable cameras to capture real-world video. Thematic content analysis was used to analyse transcripts and develop core themes and categories. Here, PwPD agreed on ergonomically designed wearable video-based glasses as an optimal mode of video data capture, ensuring discreteness and negating any public stigma on the use of research-style equipment. PwPD also emphasized the need for control in AI-assisted data processing to uphold privacy, which could overcome concerns with the adoption of video to better inform IMU-based gait and free-living fall risk. Contemporary technologies (wearable video glasses and AI) can provide a holistic approach to fall risk that PwPD recognise as helpful and safe to use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The answer-until-correct (AUC) method of multiple-choice (MC) testing involves test respondents making selections until the keyed answer is identified. Despite attendant benefits that include improved learning, broad student adoption, and facile administration of partial credit, the use of AUC methods for classroom testing has been extremely limited. This study presents scoring properties and item analysis for 26 AUC university course examinations, administered using a commercial scratch-card response system. Here, we show that beyond the traditional pedagogical advantages of AUC, the availability of partial credit adds psychometric advantages by boosting both the mean item discrimination and overall test-score reliability, when compared to tests scored dichotomously upon initial response. Furthermore we also find a strong correlation between students' initial-response successes and the likelihood that they would obtain partial credit when they make incorrect initial responses. Thus, partial credit is being granted based on partial knowledge that remains latent in traditional MC tests. The fact that these advantages are realized in real-life classroom tests may motivate further expansion of the use of AUC MC tests in higher education.

The present study was undertaken to understand the prevalence of child sexual abuse and its association with the wellbeing of a sample of LGBTQ + individuals in India. A total of 206 respondents took part in the study. The WHO-5 wellbeing scale developed by the World Health Organization was used to assess the wellbeing of the respondents. The prevalence of child sexual abuse among the respondents was high (46.1 per cent). In general, the level of wellbeing of the respondents was found to be below average. Among those who had experienced child sexual abuse, the majority of the respondents were cisgender women. Cisgender women respondents were also more likely to have a much lower mean rank of wellbeing compared to the other groups and similarly, respondents who identified as lesbians were also found to have a lower level of wellbeing compared to respondents who identified themselves as bisexual, pansexual, and gay. Other associated factors have been discussed in the full paper. The role of family in supporting and helping the individuals heal, has also been discussed in detail. There is a need for families to be more empathetic toward the victims. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]