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The os trigonum is an accessory bone which is usually asymptomatic and located behind the lateral bulge of the talus. During tough plantar flexion of the ankle, compression of the os trigonum between the posterior malleolus of the tibia and the tuber calcaneus may cause the clinical syndrome named “Os trigonum syndrome”. Os trigonum syndrome is a rare syndrome characterized by posterior foot pain. Diagnosis is based on history, clinical examination and radiological findings. In this study, we presented a case of Os trigonum syndrome who presented with pain and swelling in the posterior left foot and treated conservatively.

Objective: Recently few studies have described presence of cervical spine anomalies in obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) patients. It is also reported that some cases of cervical spine pathologies and osteophytes producing obstructive sleep apnea. We aim to investigate the prevalence of facet joint arthrosis and degenerative disc disease (DDD) in cervical spine using computed tomography (CT) in OSAS patients. Materials and Methods: We studied on thirty patients with OSAS who had cervical spine CT. Facet joints were evaluated in four grades and scored in 1-4 points by using multiplanar CT images. Disc levels was evaluated by using two-point subjective scale for loss of height, posterior osteophytes, endplate sclerosis, and spinal canal stenosis to determinate DDD. Degeneration of anterior atlanto-odontoid joint (AAOJ) were classified into four grades. Tomographic findings were compared with those for thirty control subjects. Results: The mean degeneration scores of C2-T1 facet joints and C2-C5, C7-T1 disc spaces were significantly higher in the cases of OSAS group than the cases of the control group. There were no significant differences in the mean degeneration scores for C5-6 and C6-7 cervical intervertebral disc levels between the groups. Degeneration scores of the facet and disc for whole cervical spine in the cases of the OSAS group was significantly higher than in cases of the control group (P

Omentin-1 is suggested to affect inversely atherosclerosis (AS). Data about omentin-1 is limited to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Our aim was to examine omentin-1 in non-diabetic CKD patients who are not dialyzed and investigate its relationships with inflammation and carotid AS.We performed a cross-sectional study in 55 non-diabetic CKD patients and 30 healthy controls. Baseline clinical and laboratory data were obtained for all participants. Serum omentin-1 and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were measured according to the manufacturer's instructions. Carotic plaque and intima-media thickness (IMT) were assessed by carotid ultrasonography. The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) was used to assess IR.Omentin-1 and IL-6 levels in the patient group were found to be higher than the control group; the differences were statistically significant (p = 0.01 and p = 0.04, respectively). Carotid IMT(mean) was significantly higher in the patient group (p = 0.01). Omentin-1 did not correlate with IL-6 and IMT in the patient group (p = 0.51 and p = 0.76, respectively). In subgroup analysis, omentin-1 levels in patients with carotid plaque were lower than those without carotid plaque (179.5 ± 88.1 ng/ml and 185.9 ± 67.8 ng/ml, respectively). However, the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.47).We conclude that omentin-1 is higher in not dialyzed non-diabetic CKD and there is no correlation between omentin-1 and IL-6 or carotid IMT(mean).

Purpose To determine the frequency by which breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides information that influences the surgical management of patients with breast cancer. Materials and methods From August 2006 to December 2008, contrast-enhanced bilateral breast MRI was performed on 68 patients, all of whom exhibited highly suspicious imaging findings (BI-RADS category 4 or 5). Patients were grouped according to their histopathological diagnosis and type of breast parenchyma. All of the enrolled patients were believed to be candidates for breast conservation on the basis of physical examination, mammography, and ultrasonography. The patients were reevaluated with the MRI examination as to whether they were still candidates for breast conservation therapy. Results The MRI findings changed the previous management plans in 19.1% of the 68 patients. With respect to the surgical approach, no statistically significant difference was observed between the histopathology groups (P = 0.403). In terms of the breast parenchymal pattern, however, surgical planning was changed in 53.8% of the patients who exhibited a dense pattern, which was significantly different from the rates of the other groups (P = 0.006). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the MRI for additional malignant lesion detection and identification were 85%, 98%, 92%, and 96%, respectively. The agreement test revealed 86% agreement (very good) between the additional findings observed on the MRI and the histopathological results. Conclusion If breast-conserving surgery is planned, an MRI should be performed in all women with suspected breast cancer, especially those exhibiting dense or heterogeneously dense breast parenchyma, for which the sensitivity of both ultrasonography and mammography is low.

Multiseptate gallbladder, a rare congenital anomaly, can present with recurrent abdominal pain. Ultrasonography is the preferred imaging technique in patients with abdominal pain, especially for the evaluation of the gallbladder. We present the sonographic appearance of a multiseptate gallbladder.