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Features classical music radio broadcaster and author Martin Goldsmith, who tells the story of his parents, members of an all-Jewish orchestra, and how they survived Nazi Germany and went on to rebuild their lives in the United States. Introduction by Susan Harmon. Recorded during the UniverCity 2002 Conference at Ball State University, in Muncie, Indiana., This archival material has been provided for educational purposes. Ball State University Libraries recognizes that some historic items may include offensive content. Our statement regarding objectionable content is available at: https://dmr.bsu.edu/digital/about

In a prior study of task force scout operations at the NTC, the Arroyo Center made a number of significant findings. We found that the reconnaissance function was deficient in a majority of battles, and that the reconnaissance deficiency could be correlated with failure in offensive operations. Problems included inefficient use of time, failure to use available assets, poor scouting techniques, and inadequate supervision by the battalion commander and staff. These problems were found to result from doctrinal shortcomings, insufficient training of key personnel, and equipment deficiencies. The study went on to make specific recommendations to overcome these difficulties. As a consequence of the study, as well as its own investigations, the Army made a number of important changes to doctrine, training, and equipment for the scout elements of heavy battalions. At the request of a former commandant of the U.S. Army Armor School, the Arroyo Center NTC project conducted a brief relook study of task force scout operations at the NTC. The purpose was to determine if the 'fixes' the Army put in place were successful in overcoming former problems. The study examined the performance of ten battalion task forces over a period of about one year.

This study was requested by the Center for Army Lessons Learned (CALL), whose data collection process at the Combat Training Centers (CTCs) indicated that mortar platoons in both light and heavy battalions, in the United States and Europe, were not making an effective contribution to battle outcomes. Whereas their data contained anecdotal points and summary statements of mortar problems, CALL wished for a more systematic investigation of the mortar problem so it could recommend remedial actions. The objectives of this work were to answer four questions: Is it true that mortars are underutilized at the CTCs?; Are CTC results a proper measure of mortar performance?; If the first two answers are "yes", can the causes of underutilization be identified?; and Can fixes be identified in doctrine, training, organization, leadership, or equipment to improve mortar performance? Take Home Packages (THP) and field observations prepared by three CTCs were reviewed to assist in evaluating mortar training. These data suggested that light, medium, and heavy mortar weapons were underutilized or ineffective at all three CTCs studied: The National Training Center (NTC), the Joint Readiness Training Center (JRTC), and the Combat Maneuver Training Center (CMTC). The authors also reviewed the methods employed at each CTC to replicate indirect fire and its effects. Battle Damage Assessment was performed by fire markers or by observer/controllers according to fire effects tables. These data confirmed that mortars caused little damage and mortar ammunition expenditure fell far below that expected. Mortars are underutilized at the CTCs because of perceived limited effects of suppression and, for heavy mortar training, limited dismounted infantry activity at NTC and CMTC. The authors conclude that staff planning failure is the prime cause of mortar underutilization. The responsibility for this problem is shared between the maneuver and fire support staffs. (45 tables, 16 figures, 19 refs.7, Supersedes RAND/WD-5359-A. ISBN-0-8330-2084-6.

Theology News & Notes was a theological journal published for Fuller Theological Seminary alumni/ae from 1954 through 2014. The digital scans of Theology News & Notes were made possible by Fuller Studio and the Fuller Seminary Archives.

This Note reports on one phase of an ongoing project, the goal of which is to apply the experience and information gained at the National Training Center (NTC) at Fort Irwin, California, to problems beyond the NTC's mission of training. The problem examined here is the use of the tube-launched, optically tracked, wire-guided (TOW) missile system in Echo company of the mechanized infantry battalion task forces at the NTC. The study team examined the relative effectiveness of the TOW missile and tank main guns and compared the result with the experience of the opposing force (OPFOR) antitank guided-missile (ATGM) unit. Differences are clear, and the team analyzed both OPFOR and U.S. Army tactics for the use of ATGM and the characteristics of the equipment to explain the differences. To exploit the TOW weapon systems in the attack, AirLand Battle doctrine requires speed and agility of the carrier that matches that of the other maneuver elements. As the improved TOW vehicle (ITV) carrier cannot meet this requirement, the author suggests that the U.S. Army consider replacing its ITV carriers with M3 Bradley vehicles to provide greater speed and maneuverability to the antitank company. At the same time, doctrine must be rewritten so these characteristics can be exploited and aligned with AirLand Battle. Tube Launched Wire Guidance, Guided Missiles, Tanks (Combat Vehicles), Antitank Missiles.

This Note describes a study that examined the accuracy of simulated artillery fires during force-on-force engagements at the National Training Center (NTC). The authors found that only about one-third of artillery missions were either effective or suppressive. Available data show that artillery observers using only map, compass, and binoculars cannot consistently achieve accurate first-round fire-for-effect. NTC data show that initial fire plans are likewise insufficiently accurate. The authors make recommendations for doctrinal and procedural improvements and for added training equipment.

The burning of single, isolated drops of fuel in a quiescent oxidizing atmosphere has been investigated theoretically and experimentally. Two theories are presented. The first, called the diffusion theory, rests on the assumption that the rate of burning is determined by the rate at which the reactants are delivered by diffusion to the flame front surrounding the liquid drop. The second, or thermal theory is based on the assumption that chemical reaction rates govern the rate of burning of the droplet. The effects on droplet burning rate of changes in the composition, temperature, and pressure of the surrounding oxidizing atmosphere have been investigated experimentally. A preliminary study has also been made of the effect of forced convection on droplet burning. It is found that the thermal theory of droplet burning does not adequately explain the observed variations in droplet burning rate as the composition and temperature of the surrounding atmosphere are varied. On the other hand, substantial agreement is found between the results of the diffusion theory and experimental data.

This Note uses data frm the National Training Center instrumentation and observer systems to measure the frequency of fratricidal ground-to-ground engagements, to make some estimate of their importance to battle outcome, and to gain insights into the cases. Because the available data do not include infantry weapons, this study covers only vehicle system engagements and simulated artillery engagements. The study found that one to three percent of Blue vehicle kills were fratricidal, most fratricides were isolated, and multiple fractricides occurred mostly at night. For indirect fire, an average of 26.7 artillery missions were fired per battle. Of these, 3.1 percent resulted in fratricide, while 33 percent struck the enemy. Keywords: Military training.

This Note describes the Army's operations at its National Training Center (NTC) at Fort Irwin, California, and ways in which the data collected during those operations can be used to derive lessons about Army doctrine, training, and weapon systems. The discussion of operations at the NTC includes descriptions of the training conducted there, the facilities for training and data collection, and the types of data actually or potential available. As a laboratory for deriving lessons, the NTC has unique advantages and disadvantages. These have implications for using the NTC experience to formulate and test hypotheses. In particular, the authors emphasize the importance of testing the results of formal analytic procedures against the experience and intuition of NTC and other military personnel. Keywords: Army training, Land combat, Transfer of training, Data acquisition.

During training exercises at the National Training Center (NTC), it has frequently been noted that Blue units enter battle with inadequate reconnaissance information. It was suspected that this lack of combat information is a factor leading to failure in offensive missions. It was the purpose of the present study to examine the importance of reconnaissance to success in the offense, and to analyze the conduct of reconnaissance by training units. Two sources of data were used: the written take-home packages prepared by the Operations Group of the NTC to guide remedial training and data taken in the field for this study by observer/controllers. Analysis of take-home package information covering over one hundred battles showed a strong correlation between successful reconnaissance, leading to accurate knowledge of enemy defensive positions, and a favorable outcome of offensive missions. As expected, the data show that reconnaissance is more frequently successful in deliberate attacks, as compared with movements to contact/hasty attacks. In the case of opposing force (OPFOR) regimental attacks, the correlation between successful reconnaissance and successful attacks is even more pronounced. Thus the importance of reconnaissance is demonstrated, and the perception that training unit reconnaissance lacks consistency is apparently accurate.

The existence of geothermal resources in the Imperial Valley of California has been known for many years. An accelerating pace of exploration has contributed to a belief that major developments are likely. In order to fulfill its function, the County of Imperial has decided to introduce a Geothermal Element into its General Plan. To provide the background necessary for preparing such an element, the County contracted with the University of California at Riverside and the Environmental Quality Laboratory at the California Institute of Technology to carry out appropriate investigations. These include questions of resource evaluation, engineering development, environmental impact, economics, regulation, and so forth. This document is a collection of reviews of engineering matters pertinent to the County's plan. The various subjects were chosen for their applicability to the plan or to the needs of other workers on the project. By gathering the separate sections together, it is hoped that the information will be more conveniently available and useful to County personnel and others. It is not a comprehensive treatment. Briefly, the contents include discussions of drilling practice, costs, and land requirements. Brief notes on reinjection and on fluid transmission follow. The section on power plants attempts to give scaling relationships for land area, costs, and performance, according to size and reservoir temperature. The problem of cooling power plants is important, particularly in an arid agricultural area. Cooling requirements, water availability, and water suitability are discussed in turn. The question of the interactions of the hydrologic cycle, withdrawals for cooling, and the Salton Sea are covered in a separate EQL document. Finally, there are sections devoted to nonelectrical uses for the geothermal resources, including production of fresh water and chemicals. The direct uses for geothermal heat are not included.

One of the limiting factors on energy development in the arid American West is the availability of water. Even geothermal development must take into account the hydrologic cycle of the surrounding area. In the Imperial Valley, the bloodstream of the economic body is water, and owing to the nature of the region and its water source, the mineralized Colorado River, the disposal of waste water is of major importance. The Salton Sea is presently the sump for agricultural drainage in that area. Quite incidentally, the Sea has become popular for recreational use. It is universally recognized that geothermal development in the Valley will involve the flow to the surface of large quantities of highly mineralized water. After extraction of heat, the water must be safely disposed of. Moreover. many geothermal power generation methods would require cooling water supplies. and other methods may require water for reservoir injection. The point is that geothermal development may well impact the hydrologic cycle. Conversely the requirements of the local hydrologic cycle may well impact the nature of geothermal development. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship of the Salton Sea. a key element of the Imperial Valley water system. to potential geothermal development. The author would like to acknowledge the contributions of his late colleague, Alexander Martin Rodriguez, to this work. He had formulated a method of computing the behavior of the Salton Sea under a variety of future conditions, using a pocket-sized programmable computer. His work was left unfinished at his death, and was completed by Ms. Betsy Krieg.

There are many issues presently being debated concerning the generation and utilization of electric power in California. Some are peculiar to a specific area, such as the level of air quality and how it is influenced by fossil-fuel power plants. Others are of general applicability, such as high-level waste disposal from nuclear reactors, which is of global concern. It is the purpose of this study to investigate one particular aspect of the power problem. This is the question of the relative desirability of locating nuclear power plants at sites along the California coastline or at inland locations. In this introductory section, the basic problem will be outlined, including expected growth in electrical usage, and the nature of the controversy, which lies in the allocation of limited resources. In subsequent sections, the environmental impacts of coastal and inland plant siting will be discussed in general, without reference to specific locations. Conflicting demands for limited resources (namely, the coastline area and cooling water supply) will also be explored and evaluated. Finally, with the aid of this generalized information, a comparison will be made of the siting alternatives.