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A investigação criminal na área da documentoscopia tem por objetivo a verificação da autenticidade dos documentos ou a determinação da sua autoria (adulteração de documentos). Assim, este trabalho, realizado no Laboratório de Polícia Científica (LPC), prende-se com a análise de toners remanufaturados por Espetroscopia de Infravermelho e posterior criação de uma base de dados baseada nos espetros de infravermelho dos toners. Os toners são compostos maioritariamente por resinas poliméricas, agentes de coloração e aditivos, como por exemplo sílica, entre outros. Neste estudo, foram analisadas sessenta e três amostras, de oito marcas diferentes, com base na Espetroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier (FTIR) com auxílio de uma célula de diamante. Foram identificados quais os principais componentes presentes nas amostras estudadas. Realizou-se também um estudo comparativo entre toners do mesmo modelo, mas com origens diferentes ou de lotes diferentes. A influência das fibras de papel nas análises realizadas foi também avaliada. As amostras foram agrupadas em dez grupos distintos, com base nas suas principais características químicas e intensidade relativa das bandas observadas nos seus espetros de infravermelho. O agrupamento permite uma análise rápida comparativa entre toners que apresenta grandes potencialidades em práticas de análise forense. Conjuntamente com um estudo anterior realizado no LPC sobre toners originais, a classificação dos toners remanufaturados agora efetuada contribui também uma abordagem nova para análise da origem e amostras de documentos impressos. Finalmente, foram ainda efetuadas comparações entre toners remanufaturados e respetivos originais, para verificar se os mesmos apresentavam características espetroscópicas distintas, que permitissem a sua diferenciação.

A actual conjuntura em que Portugal se insere levou à necessidade de criar e implementar novas ferramentas de cooperação para combate à criminalidade. A criação do Espaço Schengen, as condições de vida precárias dos cidadãos de países fronteiriços, o crime organizado e o terrorismo são alguns dos factores justificativos destas necessidades cooperativas. No âmbito do término do Mestrado em Ciências Militares – Especialidade Segurança, surge o trabalho de investigação aplicada subordinado ao tema "Cooperação Policial Europeia e a GNR". Na génese da escolha do tema subordinado está a necessidade de descortinar os mecanismos criados pela União Europeia para criar o seu propósito, um Espaço de Liberdade, Segurança e Justiça. Para tal, a União Europeia constituiu agências especializadas no combate a tipos de criminalidade específica, funcionando como elos de ligação entre os Estados-membros, que auxiliam a cooperação entre estes. Para além desta cooperação ser desenvolvida a nível ministerial, é feita também ao nível das várias forças de segurança nacionais, englobando, no caso português, a Guarda Nacional Republicana. Para a realização deste trabalho, em termos de método científico, recorreu-se à análise documental tendo por base a recolha e análise bibliográfica de artigos, obras de autores de referência na matéria, trabalhos científicos, fontes oficiais de legislação nacional e internacional e sítios oficiais na Internet. Com o decorrer da análise do trabalho, é visível que a Guarda Nacional Republicana desempenha um papel importante nessas agências, nomeadamente na AEP, na promoção de cursos, e na Frontex, com a sua participação com os meios marítimos e cinotécnicos, mas mais pode ser feito ao nível da partilha de informação, como é possível verificar no funcionamento da Europol, tema que aprofundo no desenvolvimento deste trabalho. Abstract The current situation in which Portugal is emerged led to the need to create and implement new tools for crime fight cooperation. The creation of the Schengen area, the poor living conditions of citizens of neighboring countries, organized crime and terrorism are among the factors supporting these cooperative needs. In result of the finish of the Master’s Degree in Military Science - Specialty Security, research was conducted on the topic of "European Police Cooperation and the GNR." The reason behind the choice of this subject is the necessity to uncover mechanisms developed by the European Union to meet its purpose, an Area of Freedom, Security and Justice. To do that, the European Union created specialized agencies to combat specific types of crime, working as a link between the Member States, which helps cooperation between them. Not only is this cooperation developed at ministerial level, is also done at the various national security forces, including in the Portuguese case, the "Guarda Nacional Republicana". For this piece, in terms of scientific method, we used the historical method based on the collection and literature review of articles, works of famous authors in this area, scientific papers, official sources for national and international legislation and official sites on the Internet. Throughout this piece, we can see that "Guarda Nacional Republicana" plays an important role in these agencies, particularly in Cepol, promoting courses, and Frontex, with their operational involvement with the maritime and dog handlers units, but much more can be done in terms of sharing information, like it can be seen, for example, at Europol.

This thesis explores some fundamental questions about seamount ecology and fisheries. Initially, I characterized the seamount distribution on the Azores Exclusive Economic Zone using two bathymetry datasets. The algorithm developed was able to map and describe 63 large and 332 small seamount-like features in the EEZ of the Azores. The distribution suggests that large proportion of seamounts occur in chains along the Mid Atlantic Ridge, however, few isolated seamounts are also present in the Azores. In clarifying how seamounts affect primary productivity, I show that primary production enhancement is not sufficient to support often-observed large aggregations of fish. My work supports an alternative hypothesis, that a horizontal flux of prey is the key factor in sustaining rich communities living on seamounts. Additionally, the importance of seamounts to some large pelagic fish, marine mammals and seabirds is also demonstrated. In the case of skipjack and bigeye tuna, common dolphin and Cory's shearwater, these species were significantly more abundant in the vicinity of some seamount summits. I found that seamounts may act as feeding stations for some of these visitors. The methodology developed, however, failed to demonstrate seamounts' association for bottlenose dolphins, spotted dolphin, sperm whale, terns, yellow-legged gull, and loggerhead sea turtles. Fisheries exploitation is a major threat to seamount ecosystems, but I am not presently able to quantify the amount of catches taken from seamounts around the world. Instead, 1 demonstrate that global landings of demersal marine fishes have shifted to deeper water species over the last 50 years, an indirect indication that seamounts have also increased in importance. Moreover, I show that 'deep-water', 'seamount' and 'seamount-aggregating' fish stocks may be at serious risk of depletion, since their life histories render them highly vulnerable to overfishing with little resilience to overexploitation. Finally, ecosystem modelling analyses indicate that sustainable seamount fisheries with tolerable ecosystem impacts can be found only by maximizing an 'ecological' objective function. This suggests that industrial fisheries are not viable on seamounts. However, regulated small-scale artisanal fishing fleets could be sustained by seamount ecosystems.

DIRECTOR’S FOREWORD (Daniel Pauly). FOREWORD (Sarah Chasis and Karen Garrison). EXECUTIVE SUMMARY (Daniel Pauly). INFERENCES OF POTENTIAL SEAMOUNT LOCATIONS FROM MID-RESOLUTION BATHYMETRIC DATA (Adrian Kitchingman and Sherman Lai). Appendix 1. 1. Location of > 14,000 likely seamounts. SEAMOUNTSONLINE: AN ONLINE RESOURCE FOR DATA ON THE BIODIVERSITY OF SEAMOUNTS (Karen Stocks). SEAMOUNT INVERTEBRATES: COMPOSITION AND VULNERABILITY TO FISHING (Karen Stocks). Appendices 1a-1d: Data in invertebrates collected from seamounts globally. 1a. List of species from seamounts - ordered by species. 1b. List of species from seamounts - ordered by seamount. 1c. Bibliography of data sources cited in appendices 1a and 1b. 1d. Distribution maps for seamount invertebrates given in appendices 1a and 1b. TAXONOMY AND BIOLOGY OF SEAMOUNT FISHES (Rainer Froese and Arlene Sampang). Appendices 1-6. 1. Preliminary annotated checklist of seamount fishes. 2. Preliminary list of seamount fishes with reported seamounts. 3. Preliminary checklist of fishes by seamount. 4. Preliminary list of commercially important seamount fishes. 5. Reference numbers with citations. 6. Preliminary bibliography of seamount fishes. A FUZZY LOGIC EXPERT SYSTEM FOR ESTIMATING THE INTRINSIC EXTINCTION VULNERABILITIES OF SEAMOUNT FISHES TO FISHING (William W. L. Cheung, Tony J. Pitcher and Daniel Pauly). Appendix 1. 1. Assignment of strength of spatial behaviour of fish onto a 1 to 100 arbitrary scale. VULNERABILITY OF SEAMOUNT FISH TO FISHING: FUZZY ANALYSIS OF LIFE HISTORY ATTRIBUTES (Telmo Morato, William W. L. Cheung and Tony J. Pitcher). Appendix 1. 1. Additions to Froese and Sampang’s checklist of seamount fishes. EXPLOITATION PATTERNS IN SEAMOUNT FISHERIES: A PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS (Reg Watson and Telmo Morato). Appendix 1. 1. Commercial fish taxa associated with seamounts. MANAGING AND PROTECTING SEAMOUNT ECOSYSTEMS (Jackie Alder and Louisa Wood). GLOSSARY.

Tese de Doutoramento em Ciências do Mar, especialidade em Ecologia Marinha. [...]. Os objetivos deste trabalho são, essencialmente, os de caracterizar e entender duas ameaças importantes para o mar profundo dos Açores: a pesca e o lixo. [...]. De um modo geral, este trabalho sugere que a gestão sustentável dos recursos do oceânico profundo deve incluir todos os efeitos das atividades humanas. No caso particular dos Açores, a gestão dos recursos vivos marinhos, se baseada no funcionamento dos ecossistemas, deve ter em consideração as rejeições da pesca, os danos induzidos pela pesca aos habitats bentónicos e a acumulação de lixo. ABSTRACT: [...]. The objectives of this work are to further characterize and understand two important threats for deep sea ecosystem off the Azores; fishing and litter disposal. [...]. My thesis work suggests that sustainable management of deep-sea resources must include all likely effects of human activities. Ecosystem-based management of the deep-sea in the Azores needs to address fisheries discards, damages to benthic habitats, and litter disposal. This research was funded by the the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT, Grant number (SFRH/BD/31286/2009) and conducted in the framework of the EU FP7 projects CoralFISH (FP7 ENV/2007/1/21314 4) and HERMIONE (FP7 ENV/ 2008/1/226354)

Dissertação de Mestrado, Estudos Integrados dos Oceanos, 25 de Julho 2013, Universidade dos Açores. Seamounts play an important role in the status of food webs and biodiversity in the open ocean. These habitats are now subject to an intensive exploitation and it is urgent to apply an ecosystem perspective towards the development of sustainable fisheries. Ecosystem models offer scope to understand the interactions between fisheries, exploited species and the ecosystem that supports them, enabling impact assessments of human activities on the marine environment. This study describes the construction and input data of an Ecopath with Ecosim model for the Condor seamount ecosystem, located in the Azorean archipelago (NE Atlantic). The model comprises 23 functional groups, including plankton, invertebrates, fishes, marine mammals and seabirds. The fisheries component consists on the regional fleet, with an emphasis on demersal fisheries. This model can serve as a basis for future Ecosim and Ecospace simulations of the effect of fishing on Condor seamount or on other seamounts around the Azorean islands.

Dissertação de Mestrado, Estudos Integrados dos Oceanos, 25 de Março de 2013, Universidade dos Açores. Species distribution modelling of the marine environment has been extensively used to assess species–environment relationships to predict fish spatial distributions accurately. In this study we explored the application of two distinct modelling techniques, maximum entropy model (MaxEnt) and generalized linear models (GLMs) for predicting the potential distribution in the Azores economic exclusive zone (EEZ) of four economically important demersal fish species: blackbelly rosefish, Helicolenus dactylopterus dactylopterus, forkbeard, Phycis phycis, wreckfish, Polyprion americanus and offshore rockfish, Pontinus kuhlii. Models were constructed based on 13 years of fish presence/absence data derived from bottom longline surveys performed in the study area combined with high resolution (300 m) topographic and biogeochemical habitat seafloor variables. The most important predictors were depth and slope followed by sediment type, oxygen saturation and salinity, with relative contributions being similar among species. GLMs provided ‘outstanding’ model predictions (AUC>0.9) for two of the four fish species while MaxEnt provided ‘excellent’ model predictions (AUC=0.8–0.9) for three of four species. The level of agreement between observed and predicted presence/absence sites for both modelling techniques was ‘moderate’ (K=0.4–0.6) for three of the four species with P. americanus models presenting the lowest level of agreement (K