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2. Impacts of diffuse urban stressors on stream benthic communities and ecosystem functioning: A review

Author

Colls, M., Viza, A., Zufiarre, A., Camacho-Santamans, A., Laini, A., González-Ferreras, A.M., Filipe, A.F., Pérez-Calpe, A.V., Freixa, A., Lupon, A., Santamans, A.C., Pradhan, A., Espinosa, C., Vera-Trujillo, C., Gutiérrez-Cánovas, C., Mendoza-Lera, C., Bruno, D., Mercado-Bettin, D., Morant, D., Batista, D., Cunillera-Montcusi, D., Graça, D., Vico-Oton, E., Estévez, E., Leon-Palmero, E., Suarez, E.L., Fenoy, E., Lima, E., Picazo, F., Oficialdegui, F.J., Keck, F., Gionchetta, G., Sabas, I., Pérez-Silos, I., Antunes, I., Alvarez-Manzaneda, I., de Guzmán, I., Fernandes, I., Pereira da Silva, J., Wei, J., Montes-Pérez, J.J., Trabulo, J., Ledesma, J.L.J., Fernandez-Calero, J.M., Ramião, J.P., Rubio-Rios, J., Gonzalez-Trujillo, J.D., Barral-Fraga, L., Jiménez, L., Vendrell-Puigmitja, L., Bertrans, L., Gomez-Gener, L., Rovelli, L., Thuile Bistarelli, L., Sanchez-Morales, M., Cabrerizo, M.J., Aranguren-Gassis, M., Argudo, M., Navarro-Ramos, M.J., Atristain, M., Lopez-Rojo, N., Valiente, N., Perujo, Nuria, Pereda, O., Llanos-Paez, O., Belmar, O., Tascon-Peña, O., Rodriguez-Lozano, P., de Pedro, R.S., Arias-Real, R., Bolpagni, R., del Campo, R., Poblador, S., Guareschi, S., Hilgert, S., Duarte, S., Rodriguez-Castillo, T., Chonova, T., Conejo-Orosa, T., Céspedes, V., Granados, V., Osorio, V., Vazquez, V., Martin-Vélez, V., Romero, F., Colls, M., Viza, A., Zufiarre, A., Camacho-Santamans, A., Laini, A., González-Ferreras, A.M., Filipe, A.F., Pérez-Calpe, A.V., Freixa, A., Lupon, A., Santamans, A.C., Pradhan, A., Espinosa, C., Vera-Trujillo, C., Gutiérrez-Cánovas, C., Mendoza-Lera, C., Bruno, D., Mercado-Bettin, D., Morant, D., Batista, D., Cunillera-Montcusi, D., Graça, D., Vico-Oton, E., Estévez, E., Leon-Palmero, E., Suarez, E.L., Fenoy, E., Lima, E., Picazo, F., Oficialdegui, F.J., Keck, F., Gionchetta, G., Sabas, I., Pérez-Silos, I., Antunes, I., Alvarez-Manzaneda, I., de Guzmán, I., Fernandes, I., Pereira da Silva, J., Wei, J., Montes-Pérez, J.J., Trabulo, J., Ledesma, J.L.J., Fernandez-Calero, J.M., Ramião, J.P., Rubio-Rios, J., Gonzalez-Trujillo, J.D., Barral-Fraga, L., Jiménez, L., Vendrell-Puigmitja, L., Bertrans, L., Gomez-Gener, L., Rovelli, L., Thuile Bistarelli, L., Sanchez-Morales, M., Cabrerizo, M.J., Aranguren-Gassis, M., Argudo, M., Navarro-Ramos, M.J., Atristain, M., Lopez-Rojo, N., Valiente, N., Perujo, Nuria, Pereda, O., Llanos-Paez, O., Belmar, O., Tascon-Peña, O., Rodriguez-Lozano, P., de Pedro, R.S., Arias-Real, R., Bolpagni, R., del Campo, R., Poblador, S., Guareschi, S., Hilgert, S., Duarte, S., Rodriguez-Castillo, T., Chonova, T., Conejo-Orosa, T., Céspedes, V., Granados, V., Osorio, V., Vazquez, V., Martin-Vélez, V., and Romero, F.

Abstract

Catchment urbanisation results in urban streams being exposed to a multitude of stressors. Notably, stressors originating from diffuse sources have received less attention than stressors originating from point sources. Here, advances related to diffuse urban stressors and their consequences for stream benthic communities are summarised by reviewing 92 articles. Based on the search criteria, the number of articles dealing with diffuse urban stressors in streams has been increasing, and most of them focused on North America, Europe, and China. Land use was the most common measure used to characterize diffuse stressor sources in urban streams (70.7 % of the articles characterised land use), and chemical stressors (inorganic nutrients, xenobiotics, metals, and water properties, including pH and conductivity) were more frequently reported than physical or biological stressors. A total of 53.3 % of the articles addressed the impact of urban stressors on macroinvertebrates, while 35.9 % focused on bacteria, 9.8 % on fungi, and 8.7 % on algae. Regarding ecosystem functions, almost half of the articles (43.5 %) addressed changes in community dynamics, 40.3 % addressed organic matter decomposition, and 33.9 % addressed nutrient cycling. When comparing urban and non-urban streams, the reviewed studies suggest that urbanisation negatively impacts the diversity of benthic organisms, leading to shifts in community composition. These changes imply functional degradation of streams. The results of the present review summarise the knowledge gained to date and identify its main gaps to help improve our understanding of urban streams.

Published
2023

3. Global CO2 emissions from dry inland waters share common drivers across ecosystems

Author

Keller, P.S., Catalan, N., Schiller, D., Grossart, H.P., Koschorreck, M., Obrador, B., Frassl, M.A., Karakaya, N., Barros, N., Howitt, J.A., Mendoza-Lera, C., Pastor, A., Flaim, G., Aben, R.C.H., Riis, T., Arce, M.I., Onandia, G., Paranaiba, J.R., Linkhorst, A., Campo, R., Amado, A.M., Cauvy-Fraunie, S., Brothers, S., Condon, J., Mendonca, R.F., Reverey, F., Room, E.I., Datry, T., Roland, F., Laas, A., Obertegger, U., Park, J.H., Wang, H, Kosten, S., Gomez, R., Feijoo, C., Elosegi, A., Sanchez-Montoya, M.M., Finlayson, C.M., Melita, M., Oliveira Junior, E.S., Muniz, C.C., Gomez-Gener, L., Leigh, C., Marce, R., Keller, P.S., Catalan, N., Schiller, D., Grossart, H.P., Koschorreck, M., Obrador, B., Frassl, M.A., Karakaya, N., Barros, N., Howitt, J.A., Mendoza-Lera, C., Pastor, A., Flaim, G., Aben, R.C.H., Riis, T., Arce, M.I., Onandia, G., Paranaiba, J.R., Linkhorst, A., Campo, R., Amado, A.M., Cauvy-Fraunie, S., Brothers, S., Condon, J., Mendonca, R.F., Reverey, F., Room, E.I., Datry, T., Roland, F., Laas, A., Obertegger, U., Park, J.H., Wang, H, Kosten, S., Gomez, R., Feijoo, C., Elosegi, A., Sanchez-Montoya, M.M., Finlayson, C.M., Melita, M., Oliveira Junior, E.S., Muniz, C.C., Gomez-Gener, L., Leigh, C., and Marce, R.

Abstract

Contains fulltext : 226569.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)

Published
2020

4. Simulating rewetting events in intermittent rivers and ephemeral streams: A global analysis of leached nutrients and organic matter

Author

Shumilova, O., Zak, D., Datry, T., Von Schiller Calle, Daniel Gaspar, Corti, R., Foulquier, A., Obrador, B., Tockner, K., Allan, D.C., Altermatt, F., Arce, M.I., Arnon, S., Banas, D., Banegas-Medina, A., Beller, E., Blanchette, M.L., Blanco-Libreros, J.F., Blessing, J., Boëchat, I.G., Boersma, K., Bogan, M.T., Bonada, N., Bond, N.R., Brintrup, K., Bruder, A., Burrows, R., Cancellario, T., Carlson, S.M., Cauvy-Fraunié, S., Cid, N., Danger, M., de Freitas, Terra, B., Girolamo, A.M.D., del Campo, R., Dyer, F., Elosegi, A., Faye, E., Febria, C., Figueroa, R., Four, B., Gessner, M.O., Gnohossou, P., Cerezo, R.G., Gomez-Gener, L., Graça, M.A.S., Guareschi, S., Gücker, B., Hwan, J.L., Kubheka, S., Langhans, S.D., Leigh, C., Little, C.J., Lorenz, S., Marshall, J., McIntosh, A., Mendoza-Lera, C., Meyer, E.I., Milisa, M., Mlambo, M.C., Moleón, M., Negus, P., Niyogi, D., Papatheodoulou, A., Pardo, I., Paril, P., Pesic, V., Rodriguez-Lozano, P., Rolls, R.J., Sanchez-Montoya, M.M., Savic, A., Steward, A., Stubbington, R., Taleb, A., Vorste, R.V., Waltham, N., Zoppini, A., Zarfl, C., Shumilova, O., Zak, D., Datry, T., Von Schiller Calle, Daniel Gaspar, Corti, R., Foulquier, A., Obrador, B., Tockner, K., Allan, D.C., Altermatt, F., Arce, M.I., Arnon, S., Banas, D., Banegas-Medina, A., Beller, E., Blanchette, M.L., Blanco-Libreros, J.F., Blessing, J., Boëchat, I.G., Boersma, K., Bogan, M.T., Bonada, N., Bond, N.R., Brintrup, K., Bruder, A., Burrows, R., Cancellario, T., Carlson, S.M., Cauvy-Fraunié, S., Cid, N., Danger, M., de Freitas, Terra, B., Girolamo, A.M.D., del Campo, R., Dyer, F., Elosegi, A., Faye, E., Febria, C., Figueroa, R., Four, B., Gessner, M.O., Gnohossou, P., Cerezo, R.G., Gomez-Gener, L., Graça, M.A.S., Guareschi, S., Gücker, B., Hwan, J.L., Kubheka, S., Langhans, S.D., Leigh, C., Little, C.J., Lorenz, S., Marshall, J., McIntosh, A., Mendoza-Lera, C., Meyer, E.I., Milisa, M., Mlambo, M.C., Moleón, M., Negus, P., Niyogi, D., Papatheodoulou, A., Pardo, I., Paril, P., Pesic, V., Rodriguez-Lozano, P., Rolls, R.J., Sanchez-Montoya, M.M., Savic, A., Steward, A., Stubbington, R., Taleb, A., Vorste, R.V., Waltham, N., Zoppini, A., and Zarfl, C.

Abstract

Climate change and human pressures are changing the global distribution and the extent of intermittent rivers and ephemeral streams (IRES), which comprise half of the global river network area. IRES are characterized by periods of flow cessation, during which channel substrates accumulate and undergo physico-chemical changes (preconditioning), and periods of flow resumption, when these substrates are rewetted and release pulses of dissolved nutrients and organic matter (OM). However, there are no estimates of the amounts and quality of leached substances, nor is there information on the underlying environmental constraints operating at the global scale. We experimentally simulated, under standard laboratory conditions, rewetting of leaves, riverbed sediments, and epilithic biofilms collected during the dry phase across 205 IRES from five major climate zones. We determined the amounts and qualitative characteristics of the leached nutrients and OM, and estimated their areal fluxes from riverbeds. In addition, we evaluated the variance in leachate characteristics in relation to selected environmental variables and substrate characteristics. We found that sediments, due to their large quantities within riverbeds, contribute most to the overall flux of dissolved substances during rewetting events (56% 98%), and that flux rates distinctly differ among climate zones. Dissolved organic carbon, phenolics, and nitrate contributed most to the areal fluxes. The largest amounts of leached substances were found in the continental climate zone, coinciding with the lowest potential bioavailability of the leached OM. The opposite pattern was found in the arid zone. Environmental variables expected to be modified under climate change (i.e. potential evapotranspiration, aridity, dry period duration, land use) were correlated with the amount of leached substances, with the strongest relationship found for sediments. These results show that the role of IRES should be accounted for in g

Published
2019

5. Simulating rewetting events in intermittent rivers and ephemeral streams: A global analysis of leached nutrients and organic matter

Author

Shumilova, O, Zak, D, Datry, T, von Schiller, D, Corti, R, Foulquier, A, Obrador, B, Tockner, K, Allan, DC, Altermatt, F, Isabel Arce, M, Arnon, S, Banas, D, Banegas-Medina, A, Beller, E, Blanchette, ML, Blanco-Libreros, JF, Blessing, J, Boechat, IG, Boersma, K, Bogan, MT, Bonada, N, Bond, NR, Brintrup, K, Bruder, A, Burrows, R, Cancellario, T, Carlson, SM, Cauvy-Fraunie, S, Cid, N, Danger, M, de Freitas Terra, B, De Girolamo, AM, del Campo, R, Dyer, F, Elosegi, A, Faye, E, Febria, C, Figueroa, R, Four, B, Gessner, MO, Gnohossou, P, Cerezo, RG, Gomez-Gener, L, Graca, MAS, Guareschi, S, Guecker, B, Hwan, JL, Kubheka, S, Langhans, SD, Leigh, C, Little, CJ, Lorenz, S, Marshall, J, McIntosh, A, Mendoza-Lera, C, Meyer, EI, Milisa, M, Mlambo, MC, Moleon, M, Negus, P, Niyogi, D, Papatheodoulou, A, Pardo, I, Paril, P, Pesic, V, Rodriguez-Lozano, P, Rolls, RJ, Sanchez-Montoya, MM, Savic, A, Steward, A, Stubbington, R, Taleb, A, Vander Vorste, R, Waltham, N, Zoppini, A, Zarfl, C, Shumilova, O, Zak, D, Datry, T, von Schiller, D, Corti, R, Foulquier, A, Obrador, B, Tockner, K, Allan, DC, Altermatt, F, Isabel Arce, M, Arnon, S, Banas, D, Banegas-Medina, A, Beller, E, Blanchette, ML, Blanco-Libreros, JF, Blessing, J, Boechat, IG, Boersma, K, Bogan, MT, Bonada, N, Bond, NR, Brintrup, K, Bruder, A, Burrows, R, Cancellario, T, Carlson, SM, Cauvy-Fraunie, S, Cid, N, Danger, M, de Freitas Terra, B, De Girolamo, AM, del Campo, R, Dyer, F, Elosegi, A, Faye, E, Febria, C, Figueroa, R, Four, B, Gessner, MO, Gnohossou, P, Cerezo, RG, Gomez-Gener, L, Graca, MAS, Guareschi, S, Guecker, B, Hwan, JL, Kubheka, S, Langhans, SD, Leigh, C, Little, CJ, Lorenz, S, Marshall, J, McIntosh, A, Mendoza-Lera, C, Meyer, EI, Milisa, M, Mlambo, MC, Moleon, M, Negus, P, Niyogi, D, Papatheodoulou, A, Pardo, I, Paril, P, Pesic, V, Rodriguez-Lozano, P, Rolls, RJ, Sanchez-Montoya, MM, Savic, A, Steward, A, Stubbington, R, Taleb, A, Vander Vorste, R, Waltham, N, Zoppini, A, and Zarfl, C

Abstract

Climate change and human pressures are changing the global distribution and the extent of intermittent rivers and ephemeral streams (IRES), which comprise half of the global river network area. IRES are characterized by periods of flow cessation, during which channel substrates accumulate and undergo physico-chemical changes (preconditioning), and periods of flow resumption, when these substrates are rewetted and release pulses of dissolved nutrients and organic matter (OM). However, there are no estimates of the amounts and quality of leached substances, nor is there information on the underlying environmental constraints operating at the global scale. We experimentally simulated, under standard laboratory conditions, rewetting of leaves, riverbed sediments, and epilithic biofilms collected during the dry phase across 205 IRES from five major climate zones. We determined the amounts and qualitative characteristics of the leached nutrients and OM, and estimated their areal fluxes from riverbeds. In addition, we evaluated the variance in leachate characteristics in relation to selected environmental variables and substrate characteristics. We found that sediments, due to their large quantities within riverbeds, contribute most to the overall flux of dissolved substances during rewetting events (56%–98%), and that flux rates distinctly differ among climate zones. Dissolved organic carbon, phenolics, and nitrate contributed most to the areal fluxes. The largest amounts of leached substances were found in the continental climate zone, coinciding with the lowest potential bioavailability of the leached OM. The opposite pattern was found in the arid zone. Environmental variables expected to be modified under climate change (i.e. potential evapotranspiration, aridity, dry period duration, land use) were correlated with the amount of leached substances, with the strongest relationship found for sediments. These results show that the role of IRES should be accounted for in g

Published
2019

6. Sediment Respiration Pulses in Intermittent Rivers and Ephemeral Streams

Author

von Schiller, D, Datry, T, Corti, R, Foulquier, A, Tockner, K, Marce, R, Garcia-Baquero, G, Odriozola, I, Obrador, B, Elosegi, A, Mendoza-Lera, C, Gessner, MO, Stubbington, R, Albarino, R, Allen, DC, Altermatt, F, Arce, M, Arnon, S, Banas, D, Banegas-Medina, A, Beller, E, Blanchette, ML, Blanco-Libreros, JF, Blessing, J, Boechat, IG, Boersma, KS, Bogan, MT, Bonada, N, Bond, NR, Brintrup, K, Bruder, A, Burrows, RM, Cancellario, T, Carlson, SM, Cauvy-Fraunie, S, Cid, N, Danger, M, de Freitas Terra, B, Dehedin, A, De Girolamo, AM, del Campo, R, Diaz-Villanueva, V, Duerdoth, CP, Dyer, F, Faye, E, Febria, C, Figueroa, R, Four, B, Gafny, S, Gomez, R, Gomez-Gener, L, Graca, MAS, Guareschi, S, Gucker, B, Hoppeler, F, Hwan, JL, Kubheka, S, Laini, A, Langhans, SD, Leigh, C, Little, CJ, Lorenz, S, Marshall, J, Martin, EJ, McIntosh, A, Meyer, E, Milisa, M, Mlambo, MC, Moleon, M, Morais, M, Negus, P, Niyogi, D, Papatheodoulou, A, Pardo, I, Paril, P, Pesic, V, Piscart, C, Polasek, M, Rodriguez-Lozano, P, Rolls, RJ, Sanchez-Montoya, MM, Savic, A, Shumilova, O, Steward, A, Taleb, A, Uzan, A, Vander Vorste, R, Waltham, N, Woelfle-Erskine, C, Zak, D, Zarfl, C, Zoppini, A, von Schiller, D, Datry, T, Corti, R, Foulquier, A, Tockner, K, Marce, R, Garcia-Baquero, G, Odriozola, I, Obrador, B, Elosegi, A, Mendoza-Lera, C, Gessner, MO, Stubbington, R, Albarino, R, Allen, DC, Altermatt, F, Arce, M, Arnon, S, Banas, D, Banegas-Medina, A, Beller, E, Blanchette, ML, Blanco-Libreros, JF, Blessing, J, Boechat, IG, Boersma, KS, Bogan, MT, Bonada, N, Bond, NR, Brintrup, K, Bruder, A, Burrows, RM, Cancellario, T, Carlson, SM, Cauvy-Fraunie, S, Cid, N, Danger, M, de Freitas Terra, B, Dehedin, A, De Girolamo, AM, del Campo, R, Diaz-Villanueva, V, Duerdoth, CP, Dyer, F, Faye, E, Febria, C, Figueroa, R, Four, B, Gafny, S, Gomez, R, Gomez-Gener, L, Graca, MAS, Guareschi, S, Gucker, B, Hoppeler, F, Hwan, JL, Kubheka, S, Laini, A, Langhans, SD, Leigh, C, Little, CJ, Lorenz, S, Marshall, J, Martin, EJ, McIntosh, A, Meyer, E, Milisa, M, Mlambo, MC, Moleon, M, Morais, M, Negus, P, Niyogi, D, Papatheodoulou, A, Pardo, I, Paril, P, Pesic, V, Piscart, C, Polasek, M, Rodriguez-Lozano, P, Rolls, RJ, Sanchez-Montoya, MM, Savic, A, Shumilova, O, Steward, A, Taleb, A, Uzan, A, Vander Vorste, R, Waltham, N, Woelfle-Erskine, C, Zak, D, Zarfl, C, and Zoppini, A

Abstract

Intermittent rivers and ephemeral streams (IRES) may represent over half the global stream network, but their contribution to respiration and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions is largely undetermined. In particular, little is known about the variability and drivers of respiration in IRES sediments upon rewetting, which could result in large pulses of CO2. We present a global study examining sediments from 200 dry IRES reaches spanning multiple biomes. Results from standardized assays show that mean respiration increased 32-fold to 66-fold upon sediment rewetting. Structural equation modeling indicates that this response was driven by sediment texture and organic matter quantity and quality, which, in turn, were influenced by climate, land use, and riparian plant cover. Our estimates suggest that respiration pulses resulting from rewetting of IRES sediments could contribute significantly to annual CO2 emissions from the global stream network, with a single respiration pulse potentially increasing emission by 0.2–0.7%. As the spatial and temporal extent of IRES increases globally, our results highlight the importance of recognizing the influence of wetting-drying cycles on respiration and CO2 emissions in stream networks.

Published
2019

7. Carbon dioxide efflux during the flooding phase of temporary ponds. Flujos de dióxido de carbono durante la fase de inundación de estanques temporales

Author

Catalán, N., von Schiller, D., Marcé, R., Koschorreck, Matthias, Gomez-Gener, L., Obrador, B., Catalán, N., von Schiller, D., Marcé, R., Koschorreck, Matthias, Gomez-Gener, L., and Obrador, B.

Abstract

Small water bodies, such as temporary ponds, have a high carbon processing potential. Nevertheless, despite the global occurrence of these systems, the carbon effluxes from such water bodies have been largely overlooked. In this study, we examined the intra- and intersystem variability of carbon dioxide (CO2) effluxes from a set of Mediterranean temporary ponds during the flooding phase, a hot-spot for biogeochemical cycling in temporary systems. The CO2 effluxes showed higher variability among the various sections of each pond (i.e., inundated, emerged-unvegetated and emerged-vegetated) than among the ponds. The emerged-vegetated sections showed the highest CO2 effluxes per unit area and tended to drive the total effluxes at the whole-ecosystem scale. The mean CO2 efflux (121.3 ± 138.1 mmol m–2 d–1) was in the upper range for freshwater ecosystems. The CO2 effluxes were not related to catchment properties but rather to the organic content of the sediments, especially in the emerged sections of the ponds. Our results indicate that temporary ponds, especially their emerged sections, are important sources of CO2 to the atmosphere, highlighting the need to include the dry phases of these and other temporary aquatic systems in regional carbon budgets.Los pequeños cuerpos de agua como los estanques temporales tienen un elevado potencial para procesar carbono. Sin embargo, a pesar de su presencia global, los flujos de carbono procedentes de estos sistemas han sido muy poco estudiados. En el presente trabajo, se estudió la variabilidad intra- e inter-sistémica de los flujos de dióxido de carbono (CO2) en un conjunto de estanques temporales mediterráneos durante su fase de inundación, un momento en que los ciclos biogeoquímicos en sistemas temporales se intensifican. Las emisiones de CO2 presentaron una mayor variabilidad entre las diferentes secciones dentro de cada estanque (es decir, inundada, emergida-sin vegetación y emergida-vegetada) que entre los diferentes estanque

Published
2014

8. Simulating rewetting events in intermittent rivers and ephemeral streams: A global analysis of leached nutrients and organic matter.

Author

Shumilova O, Zak D, Datry T, von Schiller D, Corti R, Foulquier A, Obrador B, Tockner K, Allan DC, Altermatt F, Arce MI, Arnon S, Banas D, Banegas-Medina A, Beller E, Blanchette ML, Blanco-Libreros JF, Blessing J, Boëchat IG, Boersma K, Bogan MT, Bonada N, Bond NR, Brintrup K, Bruder A, Burrows R, Cancellario T, Carlson SM, Cauvy-Fraunié S, Cid N, Danger M, de Freitas Terra B, Girolamo AM, Del Campo R, Dyer F, Elosegi A, Faye E, Febria C, Figueroa R, Four B, Gessner MO, Gnohossou P, Cerezo RG, Gomez-Gener L, Graça MAS, Guareschi S, Gücker B, Hwan JL, Kubheka S, Langhans SD, Leigh C, Little CJ, Lorenz S, Marshall J, McIntosh A, Mendoza-Lera C, Meyer EI, Miliša M, Mlambo MC, Moleón M, Negus P, Niyogi D, Papatheodoulou A, Pardo I, Paril P, Pešić V, Rodriguez-Lozano P, Rolls RJ, Sanchez-Montoya MM, Savić A, Steward A, Stubbington R, Taleb A, Vorste RV, Waltham N, Zoppini A, and Zarfl C

Subjects
Biofilms growth & development, Biological Availability, Climate, Climate Change, Geologic Sediments chemistry, Nitrates analysis, Plant Leaves chemistry, Nutrients analysis, Organic Chemicals analysis, Rivers chemistry
Abstract

Climate change and human pressures are changing the global distribution and the extent of intermittent rivers and ephemeral streams (IRES), which comprise half of the global river network area. IRES are characterized by periods of flow cessation, during which channel substrates accumulate and undergo physico-chemical changes (preconditioning), and periods of flow resumption, when these substrates are rewetted and release pulses of dissolved nutrients and organic matter (OM). However, there are no estimates of the amounts and quality of leached substances, nor is there information on the underlying environmental constraints operating at the global scale. We experimentally simulated, under standard laboratory conditions, rewetting of leaves, riverbed sediments, and epilithic biofilms collected during the dry phase across 205 IRES from five major climate zones. We determined the amounts and qualitative characteristics of the leached nutrients and OM, and estimated their areal fluxes from riverbeds. In addition, we evaluated the variance in leachate characteristics in relation to selected environmental variables and substrate characteristics. We found that sediments, due to their large quantities within riverbeds, contribute most to the overall flux of dissolved substances during rewetting events (56%-98%), and that flux rates distinctly differ among climate zones. Dissolved organic carbon, phenolics, and nitrate contributed most to the areal fluxes. The largest amounts of leached substances were found in the continental climate zone, coinciding with the lowest potential bioavailability of the leached OM. The opposite pattern was found in the arid zone. Environmental variables expected to be modified under climate change (i.e. potential evapotranspiration, aridity, dry period duration, land use) were correlated with the amount of leached substances, with the strongest relationship found for sediments. These results show that the role of IRES should be accounted for in global biogeochemical cycles, especially because prevalence of IRES will increase due to increasing severity of drying events., (© 2019 The Authors. Global Change Biology Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Published
2019
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