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Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was synthesized from Urtica dioica (UDANP) and Lavandula angustifolia (LAANP) plants. Silver nanoparticles obtained from green synthesis were characterized by UV-Vis, FTIR, SEM, TEM. The DPPH scavenging activities of UDANP were found as 73.58, 84.61, 100, 100, and 100% at 12.5, 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/L, respectively. On the other hand, DPPH radical scavenging abilities of LAANP were determined as 62.56, 73.07, 78.71, 86.92, and 100% at 12.5, 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/L, respectively. The ferrous chelating activities of LAANP were found as 7.96, 17.59, 29.45, 41.63, and 59.44% at 12.5, 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/L, respectively. Besides UDANP was showed 73.58 and 84.61% metal chelating activity at 12.5 and 25 mg/L, respectively. The antimicrobial activity of UDANP and LAANP was performed using broth-dilution method. After the cell viability test of UDANP and LAANP, E. coli cell growth inhibited as 100%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this investigation, two new thermophilic bacteria were isolated. The new isolates were characterized by 16S rRNA, biochemical, morphological, and physiological analyzes and the isolates were identified as Geobacillus stearothermophilus strain Gecek20 and thermophilic Anoxybacillus flavithermus strain Gecek19. Various biological activities of extracellular Ag-NPs synthesized from thermophilic G. stearothermophilus strain Gecek20 and thermophilic A. flavithermus strain Gecek19 were evaluated. The produced NPs were analyzed by SEM, SEM-EDX, and XRD analyses. The antioxidant abilities of new synthesized Ag-NPs from thermophilic G. stearothermophilus strain Gecek20 (T1-Ag-NPs) and new synthesized Ag-NPs from thermophilic A. flavithermus strain Gecek19 (T2-Ag-NPs) were studied by DPPH inhibition and metal chelating ability. The highest DPPH and metal chelating abilities of T1-Ag-NPs and T2-Ag-NPs at 200 mg/L concentration were 93.17 and 90.85%, and 75.80 and 83.64%, respectively. The extracellular green synthesized T1-Ag-NPs and T2-AgN-Ps showed DNA nuclease activity at all tested concentrations. Moreover, both new synthesized Ag-NPs had antimicrobial activity against the strains studied, especially on Gram positive bacteria. T1-Ag-NPs and T2-AgNPs also showed powerful Escherichia coli growth inhibition. The highest biofilm inhibition percentages of T1-Ag-NPs and T2-Ag-NPs against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus were 100.0%, respectively, at 500 mg/L. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The control over bacterial diseases requires the development of novel antibacterial agents. The use of antibacterial nanomedicines is one of the strategies to tackle antibiotic resistance. The study was designed to assess the antimicrobial activity of cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles (NP) of two different sizes (CeO2 NP1 [1–2 nm] and CeO2 NP2 [10–12 nm]) and their cytotoxicity towards eukaryotic cells. The antimicrobial activity, effects of nanoparticles on DNA cleavage, microbial cell viability, and biofilm formation inhibition were analyzed. The impact of cerium oxide nanoparticles on eryptosis of erythrocytes was estimated using annexin V staining by flow cytometry. The newly synthesized CeO2 NP1 and CeO2 NP2 displayed moderate antimicrobial activities. CeO2 NP1 and CeO2 NP2 exhibited single‐strand DNA cleavage ability. CeO2 NPs were found to show 100% microbial cell viability inhibition at a concentration of 500 mg/L. In addition, CeO2 NP1 and CeO2 NP2 inhibited the biofilm formation of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. Larger cerium oxide nanoparticles were found to be less toxic against erythrocytes compared with the smaller ones. CeO2 nanoparticles demonstrate moderate antimicrobial activity and low cytotoxicity towards erythrocytes, which make them promising antibacterial agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Disinfection can be accomplished by adding external chemical agents to kill harmful microorganisms or by removing them using membranes. However, most chemicals are toxic for humans and animals if it is consumed above a certain concentration. Likewise, membranes have fouling problems. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of diode laser, which is an environmentally friendly application, on pathogenic microorganisms such as Escherichia coli (ATCC 10536), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538) and Candida albicans. To reveal the effect of diode laser on aforementioned, various parameters have been studied on how diode laser type, laser irradiation time, laser power density, laser penetration efficiency and biofilm inhibition affect microorganisms. As a result of the study, it was observed that the blue laser was more effective than red and green lasers, and the inhibition rates for 15 min at 0.36 W/cm2 laser power density were 65.9% > 34.52% > 43.63% for S. aureus, E. coli and C. albicans, respectively. After 30 min of blue laser irradiation, the microbial growth inhibitions were found as 85.39%, 41.18% and 54.55% for S. aureus, E. coli and C. albicans, respectively. The highest biofilm inhibition was 94.61% when S. aureus cells were exposed to blue laser irradiation for 60 min. The microbial growth kinetics on three microorganisms were tested by using at 0.54 W/cm2 laser power density for 28 h, and there were not observed any microbial development in microbial cultures. Moreover, blue laser irradiation was successfully disinfected wastewater and natural milk at 0.54 W/cm2 laser power density. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work is focused on the synthesis of leucyl-glycine-functionalized γ-Fe2O3 magnetic nanoparticles coated by polydioxanone (γ-Fe2O3-CA-Leu-Gly-PDX) as a polyethersulphone (PES) membrane for biotechnological applications. The physicochemical characteristics were investigated by FT-IR, SEM, XRD, a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and ICP-OES. The present investigation also centered on the several biological activities of γ-Fe2O3-CA-Leu-Gly-PDX. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and metal chelating activity was studied for evaluation of its antioxidant activity potential. It exhibited 100% DPPH radical scavenging and 93.33% metal chelating activity. With applicability to antimicrobial photodynamic therapy, DNA cleavage and antimicrobial activity, the cell viability of γ-Fe2O3-CA-Leu-Gly-PDX was investigated in detail. The γ-Fe2O3-CA-Leu-Gly-PDX demonstrated the significant biofilm inhibition activity as being 81.54% and 86.34% for P. aeruginosa and S. aureus, respectively. Moreover, a novel polyethersulphone nanocomposite membrane incorporated with γ-Fe2O3-CA-Leu-Gly-PDX was prepared. The performance of the γ-Fe2O3-CA-Leu-Gly-PDX-blended polyethersulphone (PES) membrane was investigated by measuring the antifouling and E. coli rejection. The nanocomposite membranes demonstrated remarkable antifouling properties in contrast with the pristine PES when BSA (bovine serum albumin) and E. coli were filtrated. A complete rejection was obtained by the composite membrane. After an application of the membrane study, the modified polyethersulphone (PES) membrane blended with γ-Fe2O3-CA-Leu-Gly-PDX removed 100% of the E. coli. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]