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Introduction: The present study was carried out to formulate and evaluate orodispersible tablets of Apremilast with a purpose of providing better patient compliance to geriatric, pediatric, impaired, travelling and non-cooperative patients suffering from psoriasis. Such patients are in need of fast and easy swallowing drug delivery system. Materials and Methods: The Apremilast-ß-cyclodextrin inclusion complex was prepared by physical blending method with a principle of increasing the solubility and permeability of drug. The inclusion efficiency of Apremilast: ß-cyclodextrin ratios (1:1,1:2,1:3) were calculated and it was investigated that 1:2 ratio complex is highest. The orodispersible tablets of apremilast (F1 to F9) were prepared by simple and cost effective direct compression technique using different concentrations of super disintegrate croscarmellose sodium. Results: The results of pre-compression characteristics of powder blends and postcompression parameters of tablets were studied and showed satisfactory. Among all formulations studied, Formulation F6 showed less disintegration time and percent cumulative drug release 98.7% so it was declared as an optimized formulation. Conclusion: Therefore, It can be concluded that drug dissolution, absorption, therapeutic effect and bioavailability can be significantly greater than those as compared with conventional treatment of psoriasis in a cost-effective manner with better patient compliance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oral Sub Mucous Fibrosis is a well- recognized clinical entity, known since the time of Sushruta. In the modern literature OSMF was first reported by Schwartz (1952), Joshi (1953) was the first person to describe this entity in India. Oral Sub Mucous Fibrosis (OSMF) is a potentially malignant disease that results in progressive juxtaepithelial fibrosis of the oral soft tissues, resulting in increasing loss of tissue mobility, marked rigidity and an eventual inability to open the mouth. The basic change is a fibroelastic transformation of the connective tissue in the lamina propria followed by vesicle formation. It is a well-known chronic insidious disease, precancerous condition, an autoimmune and collagen related disorder whose origin is multifactorial and is associated with chewing of betel quid. It is characterized by progressive hyalinization of the lamina propria. In the later stages the oral mucous membrane becomes very stiff and the patient suffers from trismus and hence difficulty in eating. Earlier OSMF had been confined to countries like India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, etc., but now it is being reported from western countries as well. Inspite of intensive research over the years, a single etiologic factor for OSMF cannot be pointed out with certainty. Patients suffering with OSMF are initially present with a blanched or marble-like pale mucosa, vesiculations and also show intolerance to hot and spicy food. The treatment of oral submucous fibrosis includes iron, multivitamins including lycopene, spirulina, pentoxifyline, colchicine local submucosal injections of steroids, hyaluronidase and chylomicrons, and surgical excision of the fibrous bands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sublingual Immunotherapy is a form of immunotherapy that involves placing the allergen extract under the tongue. An allergist gives patient small doses of an allergen under the tongue to boost the tolerance to the substance and reduce its symptoms. At present, the only forms of SLIT approved by the FDA are tablets for ragweed, northern pasture grasses like timothy, and dust mites. The safety and efficacy of allergy drops is yet being established by the FDA, and they are only used without label in the United States. The possible advantages of sublingual treatment are those of no use of injections, comparatively few regular doctor visits, possibility of home dosing after the first treatment, also a lower risk of serious reactions. Parents of young children often prefer sublingual immunotherapy as their child does not have to have regular injections. The main disadvantage of this form of treatment is its cost as more allergen needs to be swallowed than injected, this results in the cost per allergen being more expensive than that of injected treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The purpose of this work was to develop and evaluate buccoadhesive tablets of timolol maleate (TM) due to its potential to circumvent the first-pass metabolism and to improve its bioavailability. Methods: The tablets were prepared by direct compression using two release modifying polymers, Carbopol 974P (Cp-974p) and sodium alginate (SA). A 32 full factorial design was employed to study the effect of independent variables, Cp-974p and SA, in various proportions in percent w/w, which influences the in vitro drug release and bioadhesive strengths. Physicochemical properties of the drug were evaluated by ultraviolet, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and powder X-ray diffraction (P-XRD). Tablets were evaluated for hardness, thickness, weight variation, drug content, surface pH, swelling index, bioadhesive force and in vitro drug release. Results: The FTIR and DSC studies showed no evidence of interactions between drug, polymers and excipients. The P-XRD study revealed that crystallinity of TM remain unchanged in optimized formulation tablet. Formulation F9 achieves an in vitro drug release of 98.967% ± 0.28 at 8 h and a bioadhesive force of 0.088 N ± 0.01211. Conclusion: We successfully developed buccal tablet formulations of TM and describe a non-Fickian-type anomalous transport as the release mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]