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An active system consisting of many self-spinning dimers is simulated, and a distinct local rotational jamming transition is observed as the density increases. In the low density regime, the system stays in an absorbing state, in which each dimer rotates independently subject to the applied torque; while in the high density regime, a fraction of the dimers become rotationally jammed into local clusters, and the system exhibits microphase-separation like two-phase morphologies. For high enough densities, the system becomes completely jammed in both rotational and translational degrees of freedom. Such a simple system is found to exhibit rich and multiscale disordered hyperuniformities among the above phases: the absorbing state shows a critical hyperuniformity of the strongest class and subcritically preserves the vanishing density fluctuation scaling up to some length scale; the locally jammed state shows a two-phase hyperuniformity conversely beyond some length scale with respect to the phase cluster sizes; the totally jammed state appears to be a monomer crystal, but intrinsically loses large-scale hyperuniformity. These results are inspiring for designing novel phase-separation and disordered hyperuniform systems through dynamical organization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report the 1D linear, 2D square, 2D honeycomb, and 3D topo-epitaxy long-range superstructures of oriented attached PbSe NCs. In particular, we discovered novel 1D linear and 3D superstructures, which implied different formation mechanisms compared with the PbSe superstructures previously reported. Our study not only demonstrates stronger design capability for oriented-attached PbSe superstructures, but also reveals important information about the interfacial behavior of the PbSe NCs during the self-assembly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pd@Ag core–shell nanocrystals are synthesized through a seed mediated method. Ag shells are found to be grown in a non-epitaxial growth manner, with lots of defects to release the strain originating from lattice mismatch. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We systematically explore the shape-dependent catalytic activities of Au nanocrystals toward glucose oxidation in alkaline electrolytes, which is strongly dependent on the shape of the Au nanocrystals. The {100}-bounded cubic Au nanocrystals are significantly more active than the {110}-bounded rhombic dodecahedral and {111}-bounded octahedral Au nanocrystals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Plant-based dietary patterns may affect colorectal cancer (CRC) related outcomes, while risks differ in the quality of plant foods. We aimed to examine the association of plant-based diet quality with risks of CRC incidence and mortality and whether this association was modified by genetic risk. Methods: This prospective cohort study included 186,675 participants free of cancer when the last dietary recall was completed. We calculated three plant-based diet indices (PDIs), i.e., the overall plant-based diet index (PDI), the healthful plant-based diet index (hPDI), and the unhealthful plant-based diet index (uPDI) representing adherence to plant-based diets with diverse quality. Genetic risk was characterized using a weighted polygenic risk score (PRS), capturing overall risk variants associated with CRC. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidential intervals (CI) were estimated by the cause-specific Cox proportional hazards model. Results: Over a follow-up of 9.5 years, 2163 cases and 466 deaths from CRC were documented. The HR of CRC incidence was 0.88 (95% CI, 0.81–0.96) and 0.91 (95% CI, 0.84–0.99) per 10-score increase in PDI and hPDI, respectively. Compared to the lowest quartile, PDI, hPDI, and uPDI in the highest quartile were associated with a 13% decrease, a 15% decrease, and a 14% increase in risk of incident CRC, respectively. We found a joint association of genetic risk and PDIs with incident CRC, with the highest hazard observed in those carrying higher PRS and adhering to lower-quality PDIs. The inverse association of PDI and hPDI with CRC mortality was pronounced in males. Conclusions: Our results suggested that better adherence to overall and healthful plant-based diets was associated with a lower risk of CRC, whereas an unhealthful plant-based diet was associated with a higher CRC risk. Consumption of a higher-quality plant-based diet combined with decreased genetic risk conferred less susceptibility to CRC. Our findings highlighted the importance of food quality when adhering to a plant-based dietary pattern for CRC prevention in the general population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Walking pace is associated with risks of major chronic diseases including cancer, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) in the general population. However, whether increasing walking pace could reduce risks of major chronic diseases in individuals with hypertension remains to be explored, and the underlying mechanism potentially mediated by low-grade inflammation is also unclear. A total of 160,470 participants with hypertension were included based on the UK Biobank. The relationships of the walking pace and low-grade inflammation with risks of major chronic diseases in individuals with hypertension were assessed by the Cox proportional hazards model. Mediation analyses were performed to investigate the contribution of low-grade inflammation to the association between walking pace and risks of major chronic diseases. Individuals with hypertension at the brisk walking pace had decreased risks of overall cancer and site-specific cancers (liver, lung, and endometrial cancers), all CVD events (angina, atrial fibrillation, heart failure, myocardial infarction, peripheral vascular disease and stroke), and T2DM (hazard ratios: 0.42–0.91). Increasing low-grade inflammation was associated with higher risks of aforementioned diseases except liver cancer and atrial fibrillation. Furthermore, low-grade inflammation partially mediated associations of the walking pace with risks of lung cancer, T2DM, and all CVD events (except atrial fibrillation), with mediation proportion of 2.0%–9.8%. Brisk walking pace was linked to reduced risks of major chronic diseases in individuals with hypertension, partially mediated by low-grade inflammation. Improving walking pace may be beneficial for health in individuals with hypertension. • The study was the first to examine relationships between walking pace with major chronic diseases risks in hypertension. • Brisk walking pace related to lower risks of cancer, cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes in hypertension. • Low-grade inflammation partially mediated associations of walking pace with major chronic disease risks in hypertension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aging is a risk factor for cancer incidence and mortality. Biological aging can reflect the aging degree of the body better than chronological age and can be aggravated by unhealthy lifestyle factors. We aimed to assess the joint effect of biological aging and lifestyle with risks of cancer incidence and mortality. This study included a total of 281,889 participants aged 37 to 73 from the UK Biobank database. Biological age was derived from chronological age and 9 clinical blood indicators, and lifestyle score was constructed by body mass index, smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and diet. Multivariate Cox hazard proportional regression model was used to analyze the independent and joint association of biological aging and lifestyle with risks of cancer incidence and mortality, respectively. Over a median follow-up period of 12.3 years, we found that older biological age was associated with increased risks of overall cancer, digestive system cancers, lung, breast and renal cancers incidence and mortality (HRs: 1.12–2.25). In the joint analysis of biological aging and lifestyle with risks of cancer incidence and mortality, compared with unhealthy lifestyle and younger biological age, individuals with healthy lifestyle and older biological age had decreased risks of incidence (8% ∼ 60%) and mortality (20% ∼ 63%) for overall, esophageal, colorectal, pancreatic and lung cancers. Biological aging may be an important risk factor for cancer morbidity and mortality. A healthier lifestyle is more likely to mitigate the adverse effects of biological aging on overall cancer and some site-specific cancers. • This study assessed the impact of biological aging base on phenotypic age on cancer. • Biological aging was associated with increased cancer morbidity and mortality. • Healthy lifestyle facilitated cancer prevention in individuals with biological aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]