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The occurrence of acute rejection after liver transplantation seriously impairs the prognosis of patients. miRNA is involved in many physiological and pathological processes of the body, but the mechanism of miRNA action in liver transplantation is not completely clear. In this study, we discuss the role of miR-505-5p in acute rejection after liver transplantation and its putative regulating mechanism. We construct an allogeneic rat liver transplantation model, observe the morphological and pathological changes in liver tissue, detect the expression levels of Myd88, miR-505-5p, IL-10 and TNF-α, and confirm that Myd88 is one of the direct targets of miR-505. The effects of miR-505-5p on the Myd88/TRAF6/NF-κB and MAPK pathways are detected both in vitro and in vivo, and the standard markers of Kupffer cell M1/M2 polarization are also detected. The results of qRT-PCR experiments show that miR-505-5p has a downward trend in rats with acute rejection. Western blot analysis reveals that over-expression of miR-505-5p induces the reduction of NF-κB and MAPK pathways both in vitro and in vivo. The role of miR-505-5p in alleviating acute rejection after transplantation may be accomplished by inducing M2-type polarization of Kupffer cells. In conclusion, we find that miR-505-5p alleviates acute rejection of liver transplantation by inducing M2 polarization of macrophages via the Myd88/TRAF6 axis, which suggests a potential strategy based on miRNAs in the follow-up treatment of liver transplantation.

The interface tends to behave as a circular shape under the effect of surface tension in the two-dimensional two-phase fluid flow. In this study, based on the coupled volume-of-fluid and level set (VOSET) method, an accurate circle-based interface reconstruction (CIR) algorithm for structured meshes is proposed, which features a straightforward implementation procedure. A portion of the standard circle is employed to approximate the curve interface, without the need for complex classification, coordinate transformation, and equation transformation. The radius of this circle is computed simply by the curvature and signed distance at the mixed cell center, and the center of this circle is determined using a straightforward dichotomy method under the mass conservation constraints. Results indicate that the coupled VOSET and CIR (VOSET-CIR) method maintains superior computational accuracy in the signed distance, interface curvature, and dynamic interface reconstruction compared to the coupled VOSET and piecewise linear interface calculation (VOSET-PLIC) method, with accuracy improvements ranging from 34% to 1490% across different test cases. Furthermore, the VOSET-CIR method outperforms the efficient least squares volume-of-fluid interface reconstruction (ELVIRA) and PLIC algorithms in reconstructing random circles and surpasses the quadratic spline based interface reconstruction (QUASI) algorithm in reconstructing random squares. In terms of computational efficiency, except for the initial PLIC algorithm, the time costs of the VOSET-CIR method are substantially lower than those of the ELVIRA and QUASI algorithms, as well as the VOSET-PLIC method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new compounds, namely arteordoyn A (1) and arteordoyn B (2), together with four known compounds, were isolated from the petroleum ether extract of Artemisia ordosica Krasch. The structures elucidation of 1 and 2 were carried out by 1D-NMR (1H and 13C NMR), 2D-NMR (COSY, HSQC, HMBC and NOESY) and HR-ESI-MS spectral analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) was used to extract three isoflavonoids including irigenin, irisfloretin and dichtomitin from Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC. The parameters including pressure, temperature, sample particle size, and flow rate of CO2 were optimized with an orthogonal test. Under the optimized conditions of 15 MPa, 55°C, a sample particle size of 20–40 mesh and CO2 flow rate of 40 L h−1. The process was then scaled up by 10 times using a preparative SFE system. The yield of the crude extract from SFE was 4.1%, which contained irigenin, irisfloretin, and dichtomitin 0.71%, 0.49%, and 0.05%, respectively. To compare the extraction methods, Soxhlet Extraction (SE) was performed. The results indicated that SFE was better than SE. Irigenin, irisfloretin, and dichtomitin in the SFE extract were then separated and purified by high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) with a two-phase solvent system composed of petroleum ether–ethyl acetate–methanol–water (2:4:3:3, v/v). From 5.0 g of dry crude extract, 27.8 mg irigenin, 16.4 mg irisfloretin, and 2.1 mg dichtomitin were obtained at purities of 97.1%, 96.4%, and 98.0%, respectively, as determined by HPLC-PDA. These results well indicate that SFE and HSCCC are very powerful techniques for the extraction and purification of irigenin, irisfloretin, and dichtomitin from B. chinensis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The complex etiology of Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury (IRI) induced by liver transplantation (LT) and the "one-target-focused" method limit the development of effective therapeutic interventions. We aimed to reveal the specific active ingredients and mechanisms involved in the Chinese herb Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (SBG) in alleviating IRI in LT., Methods: The active ingredients and potential macromolecular targets of SBG were screened through related databases. The differentially expressed genes of LT were obtained from GSE151648. The protein-protein interaction network was constructed by the STRING database, and Cytoscape 3.7.1 was used to construct a compound-target-disease network. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were performed on the DAVID database. Finally, the main active components of SBG and the corresponding mechanisms were verified in a donation after circulatory death (DCD) rat LT model., Results: Thirty-two active ingredients of SBG and their targets were identified, and a total of 38 intersection targets were obtained. GO function and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses demonstrated that the plasma membrane and its components play an important role. Molecular docking showed baicalein, the core component of SBG, had a strong binding ability to all hub targets. Next, in DCD rats, baicalein was proven to improve liver function, alleviate pathological injury and apoptosis, and increase the survival rate. Baicalein also significantly affected the expression of 7 hub genes. Furthermore, baicalein could inhibit ferroptosis by inhibiting phospholipid peroxidation., Conclusion: Baicalein, the main component of SBG, could alleviate IRI, affect the expression of hub genes, and inhibit ferroptosis in LT., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)

Background: Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) have important functions in injury and repair processes of glomerular intrinsic cells. A study was conducted to analyze the urinary VEGF/creatinine (CR) and IL-6/CR levels in simple hematuria patients after excluding the interference of creatinine. We aimed to investigate the function and relationships of the above indices in the glomerular pathological injury process, and to elaborate the values of urinary VEGF and IL-6 changes in the diagnosis of asymptomatic hematuria or hematuria with proteinuria., Material/methods: A total of 121 renal hematuria patients diagnosed by clinical and laboratory tests were included as research subjects. The midstream fresh morning urine was collected on the day renal biopsy was performed., Results: The IL-6/CR value of the group III was significantly greater than in group I (Z=-2.478, P<0.05), with a statistically significant difference between these 2 groups. The VEGF/CR value of group III was significantly greater than in group II (P<0.01). Compared with group I, the VEGF/CR of group III was significantly greater (Z=-4.65, P<0.01), with a statistically significant difference., Conclusions: The VEGF/CR and IL-6/CR values in simple hematuria patients were positively correlated with glomerular pathological injury scores. VEGF/CR and IL-6/CR might be used as biological diagnostic indicators in determining the extent of simple hematuria glomerular injury.

Living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) is a very successful procedure that develops liver resources in case of worldwide shortages. As the technology has developed so much in the past 2 decades, LDLT has the same good prognosis as DDLT. However, LDLT still has lots of ethical & technical problems. It causes great psychiatric, physical and psychosocial harm to donors. Also, it has some negative effects on society by providing a platform for organ trade. Therefore, there is much controversy about the social value of LDLT. After review of recent papers, we find much progress can be made in inspiring the public to become organ donors and creating donation model new to improve the consent rate for solid organ donation from deceased donors. That is the key strategy for increasing the liver supply. With this serious shortage of organs, liver donor transplantation still has its advantages, but we should not place all our hopes on LDLT to increase the liver supply. We all need to try our best to increase donor awareness and promote organ donor registration--when cadaver organs could meet the needs for liver transplantation, living donor liver transplants would not be necessary.