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1. Bounding deformation spaces of Kleinian groups with two generators

Author

Elzenaar, A., Gong, J., Martin, G. J., and Schillewaert, J.

Subjects
Mathematics - Complex Variables, 32G15, 30F40, 20F65, 57K32
Abstract

In this article we provide simple and provable bounds on the size and shape of the quasiconformal deformation space of the groups $\IZ_p*\IZ_q$, the free product of cyclic groups of order $p$ and $q$, in $\PSL(2,\IC)$ for $3\leq p,q \leq \infty$. Though simple, these bounds are sharp, meeting the highly fractal boundary of the deformation space in four cusp groups. Such bounds have great utility in computer assisted searches for extremal Kleinian groups so as to identify universal constraints (volume, length spectra, etc) on the geometry and topology of hyperbolic $3$-orbifolds. As an application, we prove a strengthened version of a conjecture by Morier-Genoud, Ovsienko, and Veselov on the faithfulness of the specialised Burau representation., Comment: 12 Figures

Published
2024

2. Beyond Imitation: A Life-long Policy Learning Framework for Path Tracking Control of Autonomous Driving

Author

Gong, C., Lu, C., Li, Z., Liu, Z., Gong, J., and Chen, X.

Subjects
Computer Science - Robotics
Abstract

Model-free learning-based control methods have recently shown significant advantages over traditional control methods in avoiding complex vehicle characteristic estimation and parameter tuning. As a primary policy learning method, imitation learning (IL) is capable of learning control policies directly from expert demonstrations. However, the performance of IL policies is highly dependent on the data sufficiency and quality of the demonstrations. To alleviate the above problems of IL-based policies, a lifelong policy learning (LLPL) framework is proposed in this paper, which extends the IL scheme with lifelong learning (LLL). First, a novel IL-based model-free control policy learning method for path tracking is introduced. Even with imperfect demonstration, the optimal control policy can be learned directly from historical driving data. Second, by using the LLL method, the pre-trained IL policy can be safely updated and fine-tuned with incremental execution knowledge. Third, a knowledge evaluation method for policy learning is introduced to avoid learning redundant or inferior knowledge, thus ensuring the performance improvement of online policy learning. Experiments are conducted using a high-fidelity vehicle dynamic model in various scenarios to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. The results show that the proposed LLPL framework can continuously improve the policy performance with collected incremental driving data, and achieves the best accuracy and control smoothness compared to other baseline methods after evolving on a 7 km curved road. Through learning and evaluation with noisy real-life data collected in an off-road environment, the proposed LLPL framework also demonstrates its applicability in learning and evolving in real-life scenarios.

Published
2024
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4. Azelaic Acid: Mechanisms of Action and Clinical Applications

Author

Feng X, Shang J, Gu Z, Gong J, Chen Y, and Liu Y

Subjects
azelaic acid, mechanism, rosacea, acne, melasma, safety, Dermatology, RL1-803
Abstract

Xiaoyue Feng,1,* Jianli Shang,1,* Zhengping Gu,1 Junhua Gong,1 Yong Chen,1,2 Youting Liu1,2 1R&D Department, Beijing UPROVEN Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, Daxing, People’s Republic of China; 2Beijing UPROVEN Institute of Dermatology, Beijing, Daxing, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Youting Liu, R&D Department, Beijing UPROVEN Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Yard 5, Tianhua Avenue, Beijing, Daxing, 102699, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 18510256963, Email YtLiu.adpt@outlook.comAbstract: AZA is a non-phenolic, saturated dicarboxylic acid with nine carbon atoms, naturally produced by the yeast Malassezia. It has diverse physiological activities, including antibacterial, anti-keratinizing, antimelanogenic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. AZA is widely used in dermatology and is FDA-approved for treating papulopustular rosacea. It also shows significant efficacy in acne vulgaris and melasma. This review summarizes the mechanisms of action and clinical applications of AZA, aiming to provide theoretical support for its clinical and cosmetic use and to facilitate further research.Keywords: azelaic acid, mechanism, rosacea, acne, melasma, safety

Published
2024

5. Experimental Study on Hydrate Induction Time of Gas-Saturated Water-in-Oil Emulsion using a High-Pressure Flow Loop

Author

Lv X.F., Shi B.H., Wang Y., Tang Y.X., Wang L.Y., and Gong J.

Subjects
Chemical technology, TP1-1185, Energy industries. Energy policy. Fuel trade, HD9502-9502.5
Abstract

Hydrate is one of the critical precipitates which have to be controlled for subsea flow assurance. The induction time of hydrate is therefore a significant parameter. However, there have been few studies on the induction time of the natural gas hydrate formation in a flow loop system. Consequently, a series of experiments were firstly performed, including water, natural gas and Diesel oil, on the hydrate induction time under various conditions such as the supercooling and supersaturation degree, water cut, anti-agglomerant dosage, etc. The experiments were conducted in a high-pressure hydrate flow loop newly constructed in the China University of Petroleum (Beijing), and dedicated to flow assurance studies. Then, based on previous research, this study puts forward a method for induction time, which is characterized by clear definition, convenient measurement and good generality. Furthermore, we investigated the influences of the experimental parameters and analyzed the experimental phenomena for the hydrate induction time in a flowing system.

Published
2015
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6. Schisandra chinensis Bee Pollen Extract Inhibits Proliferation and Migration of Hepatocellular Carcinoma HepG2 Cells via Ferroptosis-, Wnt-, and Focal Adhesion–Signaling Pathways

Author

Li Z, Yang J, Sun Y, Han S, Gong J, Zhang Y, Feng Z, Yao H, and Shi P

Subjects
schisandra chinensis bee pollen extract, hepg2 cells, proteomics, ferroptosis, wnt signaling pathway, focal adhesion signaling pathway, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950
Abstract

Zhiliang Li,1,2,* Jiali Yang,1,3,* Yang Sun,1 Shuo Han,1 Jietao Gong,1 Yi Zhang,1,3 Zhiyuan Feng,1 Hong Yao,4 Peiying Shi1,5 1College of Bee Science and Biomedicine, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, People’s Republic of China; 2College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, People’s Republic of China; 3College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, People’s Republic of China; 5State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Natural Biotoxins, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Hong Yao, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, People’s Republic of China, Email hongyao@mail.fjmu.edu.cn Peiying Shi, College of Bee Science and Biomedicine, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, People’s Republic of China, Email peiyshi@126.comPurpose: Bee pollen possesses favorable anticancer activities. As a medicinal plant source, Schisandra chinensis bee pollen (SCBP) possesses potential pharmacological properties, such as reducing cisplatin-induced liver injury, but its anti–liver cancer effect is still rarely reported. This paper aims to investigate the effect and mechanism of SCBP extract (SCBPE) on hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells.Methods: The effect of SCBPE on cell proliferation and migration of HepG2 cells was evaluated based on MTT assay, morphology observation, or scratching assay. Furthermore, tandem mass tag-based quantitative proteomics was used to study the effect mechanisms. The mRNA expression levels of identified proteins were verified by RT-qPCR.Results: Tandem mass tag-based quantitative proteomics showed that 61 differentially expressed proteins were obtained in the SCBPE group compared with the negative-control group: 18 significantly downregulated and 43 significantly upregulated proteins. Bioinformatic analysis showed the significantly enriched KEGG pathways were predominantly ferroptosis-, Wnt-, and hepatocellular carcinoma-signaling ones. Protein–protein interaction network analysis and RT-qPCR validation revealed SCBPE also downregulated the focal adhesion–signaling pathway, which is abrogated by PF-562271, a well-known inhibitor of FAK.Conclusion: This study confirmed SCBPE suppressed the cell proliferation and migration of hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells, mainly through modulation of ferroptosis-, Wnt-, hepatocellular carcinoma-, and focal adhesion–signaling pathways, providing scientific data supporting adjuvant treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma using SCBP. Keywords: Schisandra chinensis bee pollen extract, HepG2 cells, proteomics, ferroptosis, Wnt-signaling pathway, focal adhesion–signaling pathway

Published
2024

7. Using the Sun and the Moon as Source masses and the Earth's Rotation as a Modulation to Search for Exotic Spin-Dependent Interactions at Astronomical Distances

Author

Wu, L. Y., Zhang, K. Y., Peng, M., Gong, J., and Yan, H.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

Exotic spin-dependent interactions mediated by new light particles led to solutions to several important questions in modern physics. Such interactions involving a scalar coupling $g_S^N$ at one vertex and a pseudo-scalar coupling $g_P^n$ at the polarized neutron vertex can be induced by the exchange of spin-0 bosons, or a vector/axial-vector coupling $g_V^N$/$g_A^N$ at one vertex and an axial-vector coupling $g_A^n$ at the polarized neutron vertex can be induced by the exchange of spin-1 bosons. If such new interactions exist, the Sun and the Moon can induce sidereal variations of effective fields along the direction perpendicular to the Earth's rotation axis. We derived new experimental upper limits on such exotic spin-dependent interactions at astronomical interaction ranges by analyzing existing data from laboratory measurements on the Lorentz and CPT violation. We set the most stringent experimental limits on $g_S^Ng_P^n$ ranging from $\sim 2\times 10^{10}$m to $\sim 10^{14}$m. Previously, the best limit on $g_S^Ng_P^n$ at this range is from astrophysics. The result is the first time laboratory limits surpass the astrophysical ones on the scalar-pseudoscalar type interaction, to our best knowledge. We report new constraints on vector-axial-vector and axial-axial-vector type interaction at the range of astronomical scales. The new limits on vector-axial-vector are improved by as much as $\sim$12 orders of magnitude. We also apply the analysis to the Hari-Dass interactions and obtain corresponding new constraints on the interactions. We discuss the possibilities of using the beam method to further search the interaction involving other particles, such as electrons, muons, etc., based on the same idea.

Published
2023

8. Energy Equation Derivation of the Oil-Gas Flow in Pipelines Dérivation de l’équation d’énergie de l’écoulement huile-gaz dans des pipelines

Author

Duan J.M, Wang W., Zhang Y., Zheng L.J., Liu H.S., and Gong J.

Subjects
Chemical technology, TP1-1185, Energy industries. Energy policy. Fuel trade, HD9502-9502.5
Abstract

In the simulation of oil-gas pipeline multiphase flow, thermodynamic computation is an important process interacting with the hydraulic calculation and it influences the convergence of the program and the accuracy of the results. The form of the energy equation is the key to the thermodynamic computation. Based on the energy equation of oil-gas flow in pipeline, the Explicit Temperature Drop Formula (ETDF) is derived for oilgas steady state temperature calculation. This new energy equation has considered many factors, such as Joule-Thomson effect, pressure work, friction work and impact of terrain undulation and heat transfer Oil & Gas Science and Technology – Rev. IFP Energies nouvelles with the surroundings along the line. So it is an overall form of energy equation, which could describe the actual fact of multiphase pipeline accurately. Therefore, some standpoints in literatures on the temperature calculation of oil-gas two-phase flow in pipelines are reviewed. Elimination of temperature iteration loop and integration of the explicit temperature equation, instead of enthalpy energy equation, into the conjugated hydraulic and thermal computation have been found to improve the efficiency of algorithm. The calculation applied to both the component model, also applied to the black-oil model. This model is incorporated into the component model and black-oil model, respectively, and two simulations are carried out with two practical pipeline Yingmai-Yaha and Lufeng multiphase pipeline and the temperature results are compared with the simulation calculated by the OLGA and the measured. It is shown that this model has simulated the temperature distribution very well. Finally, we analyzed the influence of the specific heat capacity of oil and gas on the temperature of the mixture of fluids and the influence of the Joule-Thomson effect on the temperature distribution on the pipeline. It is shown that the Joule-Thomson coefficient is a key factor to well describe the oil-gas two-phase flow. Lors de la simulation d’un écoulement multiphasique huile-gaz dans une conduite, le calcul thermodynamique représente un processus important en interaction avec le calcul hydraulique; il influence la convergence du programme et la précision des résultats. La forme de l’équation d’énergie constitue la clef du calcul thermodynamique. Basée sur l’équation d’énergie de l’écoulement huile-gaz dans un pipeline, la formule de chute de température explicite (ETDF; Explicit Temperature Drop Formula) est dérivée pour un calcul de température d’état stable huile-gaz. Cette nouvelle équation d’énergie prend en compte de nombreux facteurs, tels que l’effet Joule-Thomson, le travail de pression, le travail de frottement, ainsi que l’incidence des ondulations de terrain et le transfert de chaleur avec le milieu extérieur le long de la ligne. Ainsi, il s’agit d’une forme globale de l’équation d’énergie, laquelle pourrait décrire précisément la réalité d’un pipeline à phases multiples. Pour cette raison, un certain nombre de points de vue de la littérature à propos du calcul de température d’un écoulement diphasique huile-gaz dans des pipelines sont passés en revue. L’élimination de la boucle d’itération de température et l’intégration de l’équation de température explicite, au lieu de l’équation d’énergie d’enthalpie, dans le calcul conjugué hydraulique et thermique, se sont avérées améliorer l’efficacité de l’algorithme. Le calcul a été appliqué non seulement au modèle de composants mais aussi au modèle Black-Oil. Ce modèle est incorporé respectivement dans le modèle de composants ainsi que le modèle Black-Oil et deux simulations sont effectuées sur deux pipelines en service, les pipelines multiphasiques Yingmai-Yaha et Lufeng; les résultats de température sont comparés à la simulation calculée par OLGA et aux résultats mesurés. Il est montré que ce modèle a très bien simulé la distribution de températures. Enfin, on a analysé l’influence de la capacité thermique spécifique du pétrole et du gaz sur la température du mélange des fluides et l’influence de l’effet Joule-Thomson sur la répartition de température sur le pipeline. Il est montré que le coefficient de Joule-Thomson représente un facteur clef pour décrire correctement un écoulement diphasique huile-gaz.

Published
2012
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9. Parabacteroides distasonis-Derived Outer Membrane Vesicles Enhance Antitumor Immunity Against Colon Tumors by Modulating CXCL10 and CD8+ T Cells

Author

Liang R, Li P, Yang N, Xiao X, Gong J, Zhang X, Bai Y, Chen Y, Xie Z, and Liao Q

Subjects
parabacteroides distasonis, outer membrane vesicles, colon tumor, cxcl10, cd8+ t cells, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950
Abstract

Rongyao Liang,1,* Pei Li,1,2,* Na Yang,1 Xiaoyi Xiao,1 Jing Gong,1 Xingyuan Zhang,1 Yunuan Bai,1 Yanlong Chen,1 Zhiyong Xie,3 Qiongfeng Liao1 1School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China; 2Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China; 3School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Qiongfeng Liao, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 2039358081, Email zyfxliao@gzucm.edu.cn Zhiyong Xie, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 075523260207, Email xiezhy@mail.sysu.edu.cnPurpose: Given the potent immunostimulatory effects of bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) and the significant anti-colon tumor properties of Parabacteroides distasonis (Pd), this study aimed to elucidate the role and potential mechanisms of Pd-derived OMVs (Pd-OMVs) against colon cancer.Methods: This study isolated and purified Pd-OMVs from Pd cultures and assessed their characteristics. The effects of Pd-OMVs on CT26 cell uptake, proliferation, and invasion were investigated in vitro. In vivo, a CT26 colon tumor model was used to investigate the anti-colon tumor effects and underlying mechanisms of Pd-OMVs. Finally, we evaluated the biosafety of Pd-OMVs.Results: Purified Pd-OMVs had a uniform cup-shaped structure with an average size of 165.5 nm and a zeta potential of approximately − 9.56 mV, and their proteins were associated with pathways related to immunity and apoptosis. In vitro experiments demonstrated that CT26 cells internalized the Pd-OMVs, resulting in a significant decrease in their proliferation and invasion abilities. Further in vivo studies confirmed the accumulation of Pd-OMVs in tumor tissues, which significantly inhibited the growth of colon tumors. Mechanistically, Pd-OMVs increased the expression of CXCL10, promoting infiltration of CD8+ T cells into tumor tissues and expression of pro-inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Notably, Pd-OMVs demonstrated a high level of biosafety.Conclusion: This paper elucidates that Pd-OMVs can exert significant anti-colon tumor effects by upregulating the expression of the chemokine CXCL10, thereby increasing the infiltration of CD8+ T cells into tumors and enhancing antitumor immune responses. This suggests that Pd-OMVs may be developed as a novel nanoscale potent immunostimulant with great potential for application in tumor immunotherapy. As well as developed as a novel nano-delivery carrier for combination with other antitumor drugs. Keywords: Parabacteroides distasonis, outer membrane vesicles, colon tumor, CXCL10, CD8+ T cells

Published
2024

10. Unveiling Immune Infiltration Characterizing Genes in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Through Transcriptomics and Bioinformatics

Author

Gong J, Shi B, Yang P, Khan A, Xiong T, and Li Z

Subjects
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, bioinformatic, immune cells infiltration, biomarker, Pathology, RB1-214, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950
Abstract

Jianmin Gong,1,2,* Bo Shi,1,3,* Ping Yang,1 Adeel Khan,4 Tao Xiong,2 Zhiyang Li1 1Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, People’s Republic of China; 2College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Jiangning Hospital of Chinese Medicine (CM), Nanjing, 211100, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology Bannu, Bannu, 28100, Islamic Republic of Pakistan*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Tao Xiong, College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, People’s Republic of China, Tel +8613872387410, Email xiongtao@yangtzeu.edu.cn Zhiyang Li, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, People’s Republic of China, Tel +8618951703765, Email lizhiyang@nju.edu.cnBackground: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a dominantly inherited disease associated with sudden immune cell associations that remain unclear. The aim of this study was to comprehensively screen candidate markers associated with HCM and immune cells and explore potential pathogenic pathways.Methods: First, download the GSE32453 dataset to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and perform Gene Ontology and pathway enrichment analysis using DAVID and GSEA. Next, construct protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks using String and Cytoscape to identify hub genes. Afterward, use CIBERSORT to determine the proportion of immune cells attributed to key genes in HCM and conduct ROC analysis based on the external dataset GSE36961 to evaluate their diagnostic value. Finally, validate the expression of key genes in the hypertrophic cardiomyocyte model through qRT-PCR using data from the HPA database.Results: Comprehensive analysis revealed that there were 254 upregulated genes and 181 downregulated genes in HCM. The enrichment study underscored pathways of inflammatory signaling, including MAPK and PI3K-Akt pathways. Pathways abundant in genes associated with HCM encompassed myocardial contraction and NADH dehydrogenase activity. Additionally, the analysis of immune infiltration revealed a notable increase in macrophages, NK cells, and monocytes in the HCM group, showing statistically significant variances in CD4 memory resting T cell infiltration when compared to the healthy control group. Within the validation dataset GSE36961, the Area Under the Curve (AUC) scores for eight crucial genes (FOS, CD86, CD68, BDNF, PIK3R1, PLEK, RAC2, CCL2) each exceeded 0.8. The HPA database revealed the positioning traits and paths of these eight crucial genes in smooth muscle cells, myocardial cells, and fibroblasts. The outcomes of the qRT-PCR were aligned with the sequencing findings.Conclusion: Bioinformatics analysis unveiled pivotal genes, pathways, and immune involvement, illuminating the molecular underpinnings of HCM. These findings suggest promising therapeutic targets for clinical applications.Keywords: hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, bioinformatic, immune cells infiltration, biomarker

Published
2024

11. The Relationship Between Perceived Stress, Impulsivity, Executive Dysfunction and Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Thoughts Among Chinese College Students: A Gender Difference Study

Author

Zhou L, Zhang K, Guo J, Liu J, Wang S, and Gong J

Subjects
perceived stress, impulsivity, executive dysfunction, non-suicidal self-injury, gender difference, Psychology, BF1-990, Industrial psychology, HF5548.7-5548.85
Abstract

Lihua Zhou,1,* Kun Zhang,2,3,* Juanjuan Guo,4 Jianbo Liu,5 Suhong Wang,6 Jingbo Gong7 1College of Education Science, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, People’s Republic of China; 2Suzhou Guangji Hospital, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China; 3Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China; 4School of Education, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, People’s Republic of China; 5Department of Child Psychiatry of Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, School of Mental Health, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China; 6Department of Clinical Psychology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Changzhou, People’s Republic of China; 7Shanghai Changning Mental Health Centre, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Jingbo Gong, Shanghai Changning Mental Health Center, Shanghai, 200335, People’s Republic of China, Email yefenhua@126.com Suhong Wang, Department of Clinical Psychology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Changzhou, People’s Republic of China, Email yarmine@gmail.comBackground: The present study aimed to investigate the potential role of perceived stress, impulsivity trait, executive dysfunction in non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) thoughts among college students, as well as the gender differences.Methods: A sample of 890 university students completed self-report measures of NSSI thoughts in the past month, the level of perceived stress, impulsivity traits, and executive dysfunction.Results: Compared to those with low level of perceived stress, participants with high level of perceived stress reported significant higher levels of impulsivity trait and executive dysfunction, and higher frequency of NSSI thoughts, and there were no gender differences. Male participants with NSSI thoughts, compared to males without NSSI thoughts, reported significant higher levels of perceived stress and executive dysfunction. Female participants with NSSI thoughts, compared to females without NSSI thoughts, reported significant higher levels of perceived stress, impulsivity trait, and executive dysfunction. Hierarchical regression analysis revealed only executive dysfunction was associated with NSSI thoughts in males, while only perceived stress was associated with NSSI thoughts in females.Conclusion: This study revealed different influence factors for NSSI thoughts in male and female college students. NSSI thoughts in males were more likely associated with executive dysfunction while in females were due to recently perceived stress.Keywords: perceived stress, impulsivity, executive dysfunction, non-suicidal self-injury, gender difference

Published
2024

12. Virulence Factors and Carbapenem-Resistance Mechanisms in Hypervirulent Klebsiella Pneumoniae

Author

Liao Y, Gong J, Yuan X, Wang X, Huang Y, and Chen X

Subjects
hypervirulent klebsiella pneumoniae, virulence factors, plasmid, drug resistance, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Yiqun Liao,1 Junjie Gong,1 Xiaoliang Yuan,2 Xiaoling Wang,1 Yuanhong Huang,3 Xiaohong Chen1 1Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ganzhou Municipal Hospital, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Yuanhong Huang, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ganzhou Municipal Hospital, NO. 49 Dagong Road, Zhanggong District, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, 341000, People’s Republic of China, Email 11987825@qq.com Xiaohong Chen, Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, NO. 23 Qingnian Road, Zhanggong District, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, 341000, People’s Republic of China, Email ccxxhh1997@163.comAbstract: Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKP) has emerged as a novel variant of K. pneumoniae, exhibiting distinct phenotypic and genotypic characteristics that confer increased virulence and pathogenicity. It is not only responsible for nosocomial infections but also community-acquired infections, including liver abscesses, endophthalmitis, and meningitis, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. HvKP has been reported all over the world, but it is mainly prevalent in Asia Pacific, especially China. Moreover, hvKP can acquire carbapenemase genes resulting in the emergence of carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent K. pneumoniae (CR-hvKP), which possesses both high virulence and drug resistance capabilities. Consequently, CR-hvKP poses substantial challenges to infection control and presents serious threats to global public health. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive summary of the epidemiological characteristics, virulence factors, and mechanisms underlying carbapenem resistance in hvKP strains with the aim of offering valuable insights for practical prevention strategies as well as future research.Keywords: hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae, virulence factors, plasmid, drug resistance

Published
2024

13. Risk Assessment of Falls Among Older Adults Based on Probe Reaction Time During Water-Carrying Walking

Author

Liu F, Yu H, Xu Q, Gong J, Huo M, and Huang F

Subjects
falls, probe reaction time, older adults, dual task, Geriatrics, RC952-954.6
Abstract

Fan Liu,1,* Huan Yu,1,* Qing Xu,2,* Jianwei Gong,1 Ming Huo,3,4 Fei Huang1,3 1School of Health and Life Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, People’s Republic of China; 2Yaitai Hospital, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, People’s Republic of China; 3School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China; 4Beijing Chaoyang Sanhuan Cancer Hospital, Beijing, 100122, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Ming Huo, School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, 17 Shandong Road, Qingdao, 266071, People’s Republic of China, Email huoming8@gmail.com Fei Huang, School of Health and Life Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, 346 Guanhai Road, Laishan, Shandong Province, 264003, People’s Republic of China, Email hfei22518@163.comPurpose: Falls are a significant factor affecting the health of older adults and are closely related to cognitive function. Adopting an effective method to evaluate the risk of falls in older adults is essential for improving their healthcare. This study combined cognitive and motor functions to determine a reliable probe reaction time during water-carrying walking.Patients and Methods: We divided 100 community-dwelling older adults (aged 65 years and over) into two groups according to their fall history: the fall group and no-fall group. All subjects were tested on fall tasks using the timed up-and-go (TUG) test, 10-m walk timing test, trail marking test part-A (TMT-A), and water-carrying walking probe reaction time (P-RT).Results: The fall group showed slower walking speeds and longer TUG, TMT-A, and P-RT times than the no-fall group. In the logistic regression analysis with falls as the dependent variable, water-carrying walking P-RT was identified as a useful factor, and the cut-off value of the water-carrying walking P-RT was 454 ms, which was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic curve.Conclusion: The P-RT of the water-carrying walking test was found to be credible and useful for evaluating the fall risk in older adults. Therefore, it is recommended that the P-RT-based dual-task be used as a predictive indicator of future falls in the older population.Keywords: falls, probe reaction time, older adults, dual task

Published
2024

15. Searching for Exotic Spin-Dependent Interactions Using Rotationally Modulated Source Masses and an Atomic Magnetometer Array

Author

Wu, K. Y., Chen, S. Y., Gong, J., Peng, M., and Yan, H.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

We describe a proposed experimental search for exotic spin-dependent interactions using rotationally modulated source masses and an atomic magnetometer array. Rather than further improving the magnetometer sensitivity, noise reduction can be another way to reach higher measurement precision. In this work, we propose to use modulating techniques of the source masses to reduce the noise of the experiment. Better precision can be achieved if the fundamental frequency and harmonics of the rotating source masses are used to detect the new interactions. Furthermore, if an array of magnetometers are applied, the statistic precision can be improved, and some common noises can be canceled. Our analysis and simulations indicate that the proposed experiment scheme can improve the detection precisions of three types of spin-dependent interactions by as much as $\sim$5 orders in the force range of $\sim$cm to $\sim$10m.

Published
2021
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21. Author Response to Letter to the Editor Regarding “Risk Assessment of Falls Among Older Adults Based on Probe Reaction Time During Water-Carrying Walking” [Response to Letter]

Author

Liu F, Yu H, Xu Q, Gong J, Huo M, and Huang F

Subjects
Geriatrics, RC952-954.6
Abstract

Fan Liu,1,* Huan Yu,1,* Qing Xu,2,* Jianwei Gong,1 Ming Huo,3 Fei Huang1,3 1School of Health and Life Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, People’s Republic of China; 2Yaitai Hospital, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, People’s Republic of China; 3School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Ming Huo, School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, 17 Shandong Road, Qingdao, 266071, People’s Republic of China, Email huoming8@gmail.com Fei Huang, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, 346 Guanhai Road, Laishan, Shandong Province, 264003, People’s Republic of China, Email hfei22518@163.com

Published
2024

22. Strain Induced Slater Transition in Polar Metal LiOsO$_3$

Author

Zhang, Y., Gong, J. J., Li, C. F., Lin, L., Yan, Z. B., Dong, Shuai, and Liu, J. -M.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract

LiOsO3 is the first experimentally confirmed polar metal. Previous works suggested that the ground state of LiOsO$_3$ is just close to the critical point of metal-insulator transition. In this work the electronic state of LiOsO$_3$ is tuned by epitaxial biaxial strain, which undergoes the Slater-type metal-insulator transition under tensile strain, i.e., the G-type antiferromagnetism emerges. The underlying mechanism of bandwidth tuning can be extended to its sister compound NaOsO$_3$, which shows an opposite transition from a antiferromagnetic insulator to a nonmagnetic metal under hydrostatic pressure. Our work suggests a feasible route for the manipulation of magnetism and conductivity of polar metal LiOsO$_3$., Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures

Published
2019
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26. Screening for Atrial Fibrillation by Village Doctors in Rural Areas of China: The Jiangsu Province Rural Community AF Project

Author

Li M, Shi J, Chu M, Shen Y, Zhang S, Sun X, Zhang H, Yan Q, Gong J, Lip GYH, and Chen M

Subjects
atrial fibrillation, elderly, village doctors, rural china, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract

Mingfang Li,1 Jiaojiao Shi,1 Ming Chu,1 Youmei Shen,1 Shimeng Zhang,1 Xingxing Sun,1 Hengli Zhang,1 Qing Yan,1 Jinlong Gong,2 Gregory YH Lip,3,4 Minglong Chen1,5 1Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China; 2Division of Cardiology, Jiangdu People’s Hospital, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 3Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK; 4Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark; 5Division of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Minglong Chen, Division of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-25-68303115, Fax +86-25-6813-6479, Email chenminglong@njmu.edu.cnAbstract: China has a large population of elderly in rural areas. Village doctors are acting as health-care gatekeepers for the rural elderly in China and are encouraged to provide more long-term care for patients with chronic diseases such as atrial fibrillation (AF). The data of AF registries from the rural elderly are limited. The present registry aims to provide contemporary data on the current AF-related health status of the rural elderly and the gaps in management of AF by village doctors. This study has two phases. The first phase is a cross-sectional study of AF screening in two rural towns of eastern China. All the residents aged ≥ 65 years are eligible and will be invited to attend a government-led health examination or an in-house AF screening program. The AF detection rate, the awareness of AF and the usage of oral anticoagulants and smartphones by AF patients, and the ability to diagnose and manage AF by village doctors will be assessed. Participants with AF detected in the first phase are eligible for the second phase. A variety of modes of intensified education will be provided to all AF patients and their family members to enrich their AF-related knowledge. Their village doctors will be offered a lecture-based training program focusing on Atrial fibrillation Better Care (ABC) pathway. Follow-up will be conducted for 1 year. The primary endpoint is the composite of all stroke and all-cause mortality. The first phase of AF screening was conducted between April 2019 and June 2019, and 18,712 participants with the mean age of 73.1± 5.8 years were enrolled. The second phase that includes 810 patients with AF, started on 1 May 2019. This study will provide a perspective of primary care system and would indirectly reflect the current status of chronic disease care in rural China.Keywords: atrial fibrillation, elderly, village doctors, rural China

Published
2022

27. Possible origin of the absence of magnetic order in LiOsO$_3$: Spin-orbit coupling controlled ground state

Author

Zhang, Y., Gong, J. J., Li, C. F., Lin, L., Yan, Z. B., Dong, Shuai, and Liu, J. -M.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract

LiOsO$_3$ is the first experimentally confirmed polar metal with ferroelectric-like distortion. One puzzling experimental fact is its paramagnetic state down to very low temperature with negligible magnetic moment, which is anomalous considering its $5d^3$ electron configuration since other osmium oxides (e.g. NaOsO$_3$) with $5d^3$ Os ions are magnetic. Here the magnetic and electronic properties of LiOsO$_3$ are re-investigated carefully using the first-principles density functional theory. Our calculations reveal that the magnetic state of LiOsO$_3$ can be completely suppressed by the spin-orbit coupling. The subtle balance between significant spin-orbit coupling and weak Hubbard $U$ of $5d$ electrons can explain both the nonmagnetic LiOsO$_3$ and magnetic NaOsO$_3$. Our work provides a reasonable understanding of the long-standing puzzle of magnetism in some osmium oxides., Comment: 10 pages, 7 figures

Published
2018
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28. Structural transitions in hybrid improper ferroelectric Ca$_3$Ti$_2$O$_7$ tuned by site-selective iso-valent substitutions: a first-principles study

Author

Li, C. F., Zheng, S. H., Wang, H. W., Gong, J. J., Li, X., Zhang, Y., Yang, K. L., Lin, L., Yan, Z. B., Dong, Shuai, and Liu, J. -M.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

Ca$_3$Ti$_2$O$_7$ is an experimentally confirmed hybrid improper ferroelectric material, in which the electric polarization is induced by a combination of the coherent TiO$_6$ octahedral rotation and tilting. In this work, we investigate the tuning of ferroelectricity of Ca$_3$Ti$_2$O$_7$ using iso-valent substitutions on Ca-sites. Due to the size mismatch, larger/smaller alkaline earths prefer $A$'/$A$ sites respectively, allowing the possibility for site-selective substitutions. Without extra carriers, such site-selected iso-valent substitutions can significantly tune the TiO$_6$ octahedral rotation and tilting, and thus change the structure and polarization. Using the first-principles calculations, our study reveals that three substituted cases (Sr, Mg, Sr+Mg) show divergent physical behaviors. In particular, (CaTiO$_3$)$_2$SrO becomes non-polar, which can reasonably explain the suppression of polarization upon Sr substitution observed in experiment. In contrast, the polarization in (MgTiO$_3$)$_2$CaO is almost doubled upon substitutions, while the estimated coercivity for ferroelectric switching does not change. The (MgTiO$_3$)$_2$SrO remains polar but its structural space group changes, with moderate increased polarization and possible different ferroelectric switching paths. Our study reveals the subtle ferroelectricity in the $A_3$Ti$_2$O$_7$ family and suggests one more practical route to tune hybrid improper ferroelectricity, in addition to the strain effect.

Published
2018
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29. Planar Hall effect in type-II Weyl semimetal WTe2

Author

Wang, Y. J., Gong, J. X., Liang, D. D., Ge, M., Wang, J. R., Zhu, W. K., and Zhang, C. J.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

Adler-Bell-Jackiw chiral anomaly is a representative feature arising from the topological nature in topological semimetal. We report the first experimental observation of giant planar Hall effect in type-II Weyl semimetal WTe2. Our comprehensive analyes of the experimental data demonstrate that the detected planar Hall effect is originated from the chiral anomaly of Weyl fermions. Unlike the somewhat elusive negative magnetoresistance, the planar Hall effect is robust and easy to be detected in type-II Weyl semimetal. This work reveals that the planar Hall effect is an effective transport probe to determine the topological nature of topological semimetals, especially in type-II Weyl semimetals.

Published
2018

31. Non-stoichiometry effects on the extreme magnetoresistance in Weyl semimetal WTe2

Author

Gong, J. X., Yang, J., Ge, M., Wang, Y. J., Liang, D. D., Luo, L., Yan, X., Zhen, W. L., Weng, S. R., Pi, L., Zhang, C. J., and Zhu, W. K.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

Non-stoichiometry effect on the extreme magnetoresistance is systematically investigated for the Weyl semimetal WTe2. Magnetoresistance and Hall resistivity are measured for the as-grown samples with a slight difference in Te vacancies and the annealed samples with increased Te vacancies. The fittings to a two-carrier model show that the magnetoresistance is strongly dependent on the residual resistivity ratio (i.e., the degree of non-stoichiometry), which is eventually understood in terms of electron doping which not only breaks the balance between electron-type and hole-type carrier densities but also reduces the average carrier mobility. Thus, compensation effect and ultrahigh mobility are probably the main driving force of the extreme magnetoresistance in WTe2.

Published
2017
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40. Trans-ethnic analysis of metabochip data identifies two new loci associated with BMI.

Author

Gong, J, Nishimura, KK, Fernandez-Rhodes, L, Haessler, J, Bien, S, Graff, M, Lim, U, Lu, Y, Gross, M, Fornage, M, Yoneyama, S, Isasi, CR, Buzkova, P, Daviglus, M, Lin, D-Y, Tao, R, Goodloe, R, Bush, WS, Farber-Eger, E, Boston, J, Dilks, HH, Ehret, G, Gu, CC, Lewis, CE, Nguyen, K-DH, Cooper, R, Leppert, M, Irvin, MR, Bottinger, EP, Wilkens, LR, Haiman, CA, Park, L, Monroe, KR, Cheng, I, Stram, DO, Carlson, CS, Jackson, R, Kuller, L, Houston, D, Kooperberg, C, Buyske, S, Hindorff, LA, Crawford, DC, Loos, RJF, Le Marchand, L, Matise, TC, North, KE, and Peters, U

Subjects
Humans, Body Mass Index, Genomics, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Continental Population Groups, Genome-Wide Association Study, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Medical and Health Sciences, Education, Endocrinology & Metabolism
Abstract

ObjectiveBody mass index (BMI) is commonly used to assess obesity, which is associated with numerous diseases and negative health outcomes. BMI has been shown to be a heritable, polygenic trait, with close to 100 loci previously identified and replicated in multiple populations. We aim to replicate known BMI loci and identify novel associations in a trans-ethnic study population.SubjectsUsing eligible participants from the Population Architecture using Genomics and Epidemiology consortium, we conducted a trans-ethnic meta-analysis of 102 514 African Americans, Hispanics, Asian/Native Hawaiian, Native Americans and European Americans. Participants were genotyped on over 200 000 SNPs on the Illumina Metabochip custom array, or imputed into the 1000 Genomes Project (Phase I). Linear regression of the natural log of BMI, adjusting for age, sex, study site (if applicable), and ancestry principal components, was conducted for each race/ethnicity within each study cohort. Race/ethnicity-specific, and combined meta-analyses used fixed-effects models.ResultsWe replicated 15 of 21 BMI loci included on the Metabochip, and identified two novel BMI loci at 1q41 (rs2820436) and 2q31.1 (rs10930502) at the Metabochip-wide significance threshold (P

Published
2018

42. Founder Effects Contribute to the Population Genetic Structure of the Major Dermatophytosis Pathogen Trichophyton rubrum on Hainan Island, China

Author

Geng Y, Wu W, Li R, Xu J, Gu R, Lu J, Zheng W, Zhao F, Zhang J, and Gong J

Subjects
founder effects, trichophyton rubrum, genetic diversity, population differentiation, Dermatology, RL1-803
Abstract

Yuanyuan Geng,1,* Weiwei Wu,2,3,* Rouyu Li,4– 6 Juan Xu,1 Ruixue Gu,1 Jiejie Lu,2 Wenai Zheng,7 Fei Zhao,1 Jianzhong Zhang,1 Jie Gong1 1National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Dermatology, The Fifth People’s Hospital of Hainan Province, Haikou, People’s Republic of China; 3National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Disease, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Dermatology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 5Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 6Research Center for Medical Mycology, Peking University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 7Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Fifth People’s Hospital of Hainan Province, Haikou, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Jie Gong Tel +86 10 5890 0368Email gongjie@icdc.cnBackground: Founder events have been observed among numerous plants and animal species living on oceanic islands due to the geographic separation of these islands and the small amount of original life they harbor. However, there has been little research on the ecological characteristics of pathogenic microorganisms on islands. Trichophyton rubrum ranks the most common isolated dermatophyte causing dermatophytosis in clinic and has become an epidemic strain worldwide in recent decades.Objective: To study the phylogenetic characteristics and the distribution pattern of genetic polymorphism of T. rubrum in China, which further provide theoretical basis for the prevention and control of T. rubrum.Methods: In the present study, we sequenced and analyzed the genetic characteristics of 204 T. rubrum isolates from Hainan Island and other sites in China. Phylogenetic analysis and genetic polymorphisms were studied based on a total of 41,409 high-quality whole-genome SNPs.Results: The majority of the isolates from Hainan Island clustered together. Mixed T. rubrum population differentiation was observed among the strains of different geographical origins. In addition, the genetic diversity (π) of the Hainan isolates was low and showed no significant difference from that of isolates from other sites.Conclusion: This study is the first to discuss general ecological and evolutionary principles related to pathogenic fungi. Our findings reveal a founder effect during the origination of T. rubrum on Hainan Island and provide guidance regarding prevention and treatment strategies.Keywords: founder effects, Trichophyton rubrum, genetic diversity, population differentiation

Published
2021

46. The Impact of Inherited Retinal Diseases in the United States of America (US) and Canada from a Cost-of-Illness Perspective

Author

Gong J, Cheung S, Fasso-Opie A, Galvin O, Moniz LS, Earle D, Durham T, Menzo J, Li N, Duffy S, Dolgin J, Shearman MS, Fiorani C, Banhazi J, and Daly A

Subjects
genetic diagnosis, inherited retinal disease, cost-of-illness, Ophthalmology, RE1-994
Abstract

Jennifer Gong,1 Simone Cheung,2 Alivia Fasso-Opie,3 Orla Galvin,4 Larissa S Moniz,5 Doug Earle,5 Todd Durham,6 Jason Menzo,6 Nan Li,7 Stephanie Duffy,7 Jill Dolgin,8 Mark S Shearman,8 Chiara Fiorani,9 Judit Banhazi,9 Avril Daly4 1Health Economics and Social Policy, Deloitte Access Economics, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; 2Health Economics and Social Policy, Deloitte Access Economics, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; 3Health Economics and Social Policy, Deloitte Access Economics, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia; 4Retina International, Dublin, D08 R9CN, Ireland; 5Fighting Blindness Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; 6The Foundation Fighting Blindness, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA; 7The Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson and Johnson, Raritan, New Jersey, USA; 8Applied Genetic Technologies Corporation, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; 9Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, SwitzerlandCorrespondence: Avril Daly Email avril.daly@retina-international.orgObjective: To estimate the annual cost of inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) in the United States of America (US) and Canada from a societal perspective – including costs to the health system, individual and family productivity costs, lost wellbeing and other societal economic costs – by setting and payer. Findings will inform the need for policy action to mitigate the impact of IRDs.Methods: The costs of IRDs were estimated using a cost-of-illness methodology, based on the prevalence of IRDs in each country. Intangible costs of reduced wellbeing were also estimated using disability-adjusted life years which were then converted to monetary values using the value of a statistical life.Results: Using base prevalence rates, total costs attributable to IRDs in the US were estimated to range between US$13,414.0 and US$31,797.4 million in 2019, comprising both economic costs (between US$4,982 and US$11,753.9 million; 37% of total costs) and wellbeing costs (between US$8,431.7 and US$20,043.6 million; 63%). Total costs attributable to IRDs in Canada were estimated to range between CAN$1637.8 and CAN$6687.5 million in 2019, comprising both economic costs (between CAN$566.6 and CAN$2,305.7 million; 34%) and wellbeing costs (between CAN$1,071.4 and CAN$4,381.9 million; 66% of total costs).Conclusion: The impact of IRDs in the US and Canada is substantial when considering both economic costs and reduced wellbeing. The wellbeing costs due to IRDs in the US and Canada are considerable, accounting for over 60% of total costs. Vision loss from IRDs often manifests in childhood, meaning some people live with vision impairment and blindness for their whole lives. Further research into current and emerging cost-effective therapies and interventions is required given the substantial economic burden faced by those living with vision loss.Keywords: genetic diagnosis, inherited retinal disease, cost-of-illness

Published
2021

50. Generalization and fine mapping of European ancestry-based central adiposity variants in African ancestry populations.

Author

Yoneyama, S, Yao, J, Guo, X, Fernandez-Rhodes, L, Lim, U, Boston, J, Buzková, P, Carlson, CS, Cheng, I, Cochran, B, Cooper, R, Ehret, G, Fornage, M, Gong, J, Gross, M, Gu, CC, Haessler, J, Haiman, CA, Henderson, B, Hindorff, LA, Houston, D, Irvin, MR, Jackson, R, Kuller, L, Leppert, M, Lewis, CE, Li, R, Le Marchand, L, Matise, TC, Nguyen, K-Dh, Chakravarti, A, Pankow, JS, Pankratz, N, Pooler, L, Ritchie, MD, Bien, SA, Wassel, CL, Chen, Y-DI, Taylor, KD, Allison, M, Rotter, JI, Schreiner, PJ, Schumacher, F, Wilkens, L, Boerwinkle, E, Kooperberg, C, Peters, U, Buyske, S, Graff, M, and North, KE

Subjects
Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Waist-Hip Ratio, Genotype, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Adult, African Continental Ancestry Group, European Continental Ancestry Group, Female, Male, Adiposity, Body Fat Distribution, Genetic Variation, Genome-Wide Association Study, Obesity, Abdominal, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Obesity, Abdominal, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical and Health Sciences, Education
Abstract

Background/objectivesCentral adiposity measures such as waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) are associated with cardiometabolic disorders independently of body mass index (BMI) and are gaining clinically utility. Several studies report genetic variants associated with central adiposity, but most utilize only European ancestry populations. Understanding whether the genetic associations discovered among mainly European descendants are shared with African ancestry populations will help elucidate the biological underpinnings of abdominal fat deposition.Subjects/methodsTo identify the underlying functional genetic determinants of body fat distribution, we conducted an array-wide association meta-analysis among persons of African ancestry across seven studies/consortia participating in the Population Architecture using Genomics and Epidemiology (PAGE) consortium. We used the Metabochip array, designed for fine-mapping cardiovascular-associated loci, to explore novel array-wide associations with WC and WHR among 15 945 African descendants using all and sex-stratified groups. We further interrogated 17 known WHR regions for African ancestry-specific variants.ResultsOf the 17 WHR loci, eight single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in four loci were replicated in the sex-combined or sex-stratified meta-analyses. Two of these eight independently associated with WHR after conditioning on the known variant in European descendants (rs12096179 in TBX15-WARS2 and rs2059092 in ADAMTS9). In the fine-mapping assessment, the putative functional region was reduced across all four loci but to varying degrees (average 40% drop in number of putative SNPs and 20% drop in genomic region). Similar to previous studies, the significant SNPs in the female-stratified analysis were stronger than the significant SNPs from the sex-combined analysis. No novel associations were detected in the array-wide analyses.ConclusionsOf 17 previously identified loci, four loci replicated in the African ancestry populations of this study. Utilizing different linkage disequilibrium patterns observed between European and African ancestries, we narrowed the suggestive region containing causative variants for all four loci.

Published
2017

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