26 results on '"Gongsang, Quzhen"'
Search Results
2. Assessment of echinococcosis control in Tibet Autonomous Region, China
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Wang, Liying, Gongsang, Quzhen, Pang, Huasheng, Qin, Min, Wang, Ying, Li, Jingzhong, Frutos, Roger, and Gavotte, Laurent
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- 2022
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3. Echinococcus spp. and genotypes infecting humans in Tibet Autonomous Region of China: a molecular investigation with near-complete/complete mitochondrial sequences
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Zhao, Yanping, Gesang, Dunzhu, Wan, Li, Li, Jiandong, Qiangba, Gezhen, Danzeng, Wangmu, Basang, Zhuoga, Renzhen, Nibu, Yin, Jiefang, Gongsang, Quzhen, Cai, Huimin, Pang, Huasheng, Wang, Daxi, Asan, Zhang, Qingda, Li, Junhua, and Chen, Weijun
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- 2022
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4. Geographic distribution and prevalence of human echinococcosis at the township level in the Tibet Autonomous Region
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Liying Wang, Gongsang Quzhen, Min Qin, Zehang Liu, Huasheng Pang, Roger Frutos, and Laurent Gavotte
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Human echinococcosis ,Prevalence ,Geographic distribution ,Tibet Autonomous Region ,China ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Abstract Background Echinococcosis, a zoonotic parasitic disease, is caused by larval stages of cestodes in the Echinococcus genus. Echinococcosis is highly prevalent in ten provinces/autonomous regions of western and northern China. In 2016, an epidemiological survey of Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR) revealed that the prevalence of human echinococcosis was 1.66%, which was much higher than the average prevalence in China (0.24%). Therefore, to improve on the current prevention and control measures, it is important to understand the prevalence and spatial distribution characteristics of human echinococcosis at the township level in TAR. Methods Data for echinococcosis cases in 2018 were obtained from the annual report system of echinococcosis of Tibet Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Diagnosis had been performed via B-ultrasonography. The epidemic status of echinococcosis in all townships in TAR was classified according to the relevant standards of population prevalence indices as defined in the national technical plan for echinococcosis control. Spatial scan statistics were performed to establish the geographical townships that were most at risk of echinococcosis. Results In 2018, a total of 16,009 echinococcosis cases, whose prevalence was 0.53%, were recorded in 74 endemic counties in TAR. Based on the order of the epidemic degree, all the 692 townships were classified from high to low degrees. Among them, 127 townships had prevalence rates ≥ 1%. The high prevalence of human echinococcosis in TAR, which is associated with a wide geographic distribution, is a medical concern. Approximately 94.65% of the villages and towns reported echinococcosis cases. According to spatial distribution analysis, the prevalence of human echinococcosis was found to be clustered, with the specific clustering areas being identified. The cystic echinococcosis primary cluster covered 88 townships, while that of alveolar echinococcosis’s covered 38 townships. Conclusions This study shows spatial distributions of echinococcosis with different epidemic degrees in 692 townships of TAR and high-risk cluster areas at the township level. Our findings indicate that strengthening the echinococcosis prevention and control strategies in TAR should directed at townships with a high prevalence and high-risk clustering areas. Graphical Abstract
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- 2022
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5. Effects of management of infection source of echinococcosis in Linzhi, Tibet Autonomous Region of China
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Ying Wang, Bing-Cheng Ma, Li-Ying Wang, Gongsang Quzhen, and Hua-Sheng Pang
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Echinococcosis ,Dog management ,Dog infection ,Linzhi ,China ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Abstract Background Echinococcosis is highly endemic in western and northern China. Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR) is the most serious prevalent area. Linzhi is located in southeastern part of TAR. Dogs are the primary infection source for the transmission of echinococcosis to humans. A control and prevention campaign based on dog management has been implemented in the past three years. This study aims to evaluate the effects of dog management on the infection rate of dogs. Methods Data of dog population, registration and de-worming of seven counties/district in Linzhi between 2017 and 2019 were obtained from the annual prevention and control report. Domestic dog fecal samples were collected from each endemic town of seven counties/district in Linzhi in 2019 to determine the infection of domestic dogs using coproantigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Data analysis was processed using SPSS statistics to compare dog infection rate between 2016 and 2019 by chi-square test, and maps were mapped using ArcGIS. Results In Linzhi, domestic dog population has decreased from 17 407 in 2017 to 12 663 in 2019, while the registration rate has increased from 75.9% in 2017 to 98.6% in 2019. Similarly, stray dog population has decreased from 14 336 in 2017 to 11 837 in 2019, while sheltered rate has increased from 84.6% in 2017 to 96.6% in 2019. Dog de-worming frequency has increased from 4 times per annum in 2017 to 12 times in 2019, indicating that approximately every dog was dewormed monthly. A total of 2715 dog fecal samples were collected for coproantigen ELISA assay. The dog infection rate was 2.8% (77/2715) in 2019, which was significantly lower than 7.3% (45/618) in 2016 (P
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- 2021
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6. Geographical Detector-based influence factors analysis for Echinococcosis prevalence in Tibet, China.
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Tian Ma, Dong Jiang, Mengmeng Hao, Peiwei Fan, Shize Zhang, Gongsang Quzhen, ChuiZhao Xue, Shuai Han, WeiPing Wu, Canjun Zheng, and Fangyu Ding
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Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,RC955-962 ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Echinococcosis, caused by genus Echinococcus, is the most pathogenic zoonotic parasitic disease in the world. In Tibet of the People's Republic of China, echinococcosis refers principally to two types of severe zoonosis, cystic echinococcosis (CE) and alveolar echinococcosis (AE), which place a serious burden on public health and economy in the local community. However, research on the spatial epidemiology of echinococcosis remains inadequate in Tibet, China. Based on the recorded human echinococcosis data, maps of the spatial distribution of human CE and AE prevalence in Tibet were produced at city level and county level respectively, which show that the prevalence of echinococcosis in northern and western Tibet was much higher than that in other regions. We employ a geographical detector to explore the influencing factors for causing CE and AE while sorting information on the maps of disease prevalence and environment factors (e.g. terrain, population, and yak population). The results of our analysis showed that biological factors have the most impact on the prevalence of echinococcosis, of which the yak population contributes the most for CE, while the dog population contributes the most for AE. In addition, the interaction between various factors, as we found out, might further explain the disease prevalence, which indicated that the echinococcosis prevalence is not simply affected by one single factor, but by multiple factors that are correlated with each other complicatedly. Our results will provide an important reference for the evaluation of the echinococcosis risk, control projects, and prevention programs in Tibet.
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- 2021
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7. Epidemiological survey of echinococcosis in Tibet Autonomous Region of China
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Bin Li, Gongsang Quzhen, Chui-Zhao Xue, Shuai Han, Wei-Qi Chen, Xin-Liu Yan, Zhong-Jie Li, M. Linda Quick, Yong Huang, Ning Xiao, Ying Wang, Li-Ying Wang, Gesang Zuoga, Bianba, Gangzhu, Bing-Cheng Ma, Gasong, Xiao-Gang Wei, Niji, Can-Jun Zheng, Wei-Ping Wu, and Xiao-Nong Zhou
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Tibet ,Echinococcosis ,Prevalence ,Ultrasonography ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Abstract Background The echinococcosis is prevalent in 10 provinces /autonomous region in western and northern China. Epidemiological survey of echinococcosis in China in 2012 showed the average prevalence of four counties in Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR) is 4.23%, much higher than the average prevalence in China (0.24%). It is important to understand the transmission risks and the prevalence of echinococcosis in human and animals in TAR. Methods A stratified and proportionate sampling method was used to select samples in TAR. The selected residents were examined by B-ultrasonography diagnostic, and the faeces of dogs were tested for the canine coproantigen against Echinococcus spp. using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The internal organs of slaughtered domestic animals were examined by visual examination and palpation. The awareness of the prevention and control of echinococcosis among of residents and students was investigated using questionnaire. All data were inputted using double entry in the Epi Info database, with error correction by double-entry comparison, the statistical analysis of all data was processed using SPSS 21.0, and the map was mapped using ArcGIS 10.1, the data was tested by Chi-square test and Cochran-Armitage trend test. Results A total of 80 384 people, 7564 faeces of dogs, and 2103 internal organs of slaughtered domestic animals were examined. The prevalence of echinococcosis in humans in TAR was 1.66%, the positive rate in females (1.92%) was significantly higher than that in males (1.41%), (χ 2 = 30.31, P
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- 2019
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8. Additional file 6 of Epidemiological characteristics and risk factors for cystic and alveolar echinococcosis in China: an analysis of a national population-based field survey
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Ma, Tian, Wang, Qian, Hao, Mengmeng, Xue, Chuizhao, Wang, Xu, Han, Shuai, Zhao, Jiangshan, Ma, Xiao, Wu, Xianglin, Jiang, Xiaofeng, Cao, Lei, Yang, Yaming, Feng, Yu, Gongsang, Quzhen, Scheffran, Jürgen, Fang, Liqun, Maude, Richard James, Zheng, Canjun, Ding, Fangyu, Wu, Weiping, and Jiang, Dong
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Additional file 6. Table S10. Top 5 cities of cystic and alveolar echinococcosis prevalence in China. Table S11. Top 10 counties of cystic and alveolar echinococcosis prevalence in China.
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- 2023
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9. Additional file 5 of Epidemiological characteristics and risk factors for cystic and alveolar echinococcosis in China: an analysis of a national population-based field survey
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Ma, Tian, Wang, Qian, Hao, Mengmeng, Xue, Chuizhao, Wang, Xu, Han, Shuai, Zhao, Jiangshan, Ma, Xiao, Wu, Xianglin, Jiang, Xiaofeng, Cao, Lei, Yang, Yaming, Feng, Yu, Gongsang, Quzhen, Scheffran, Jürgen, Fang, Liqun, Maude, Richard James, Zheng, Canjun, Ding, Fangyu, Wu, Weiping, and Jiang, Dong
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Additional file 5. Table S1. Demographic characteristics of human Echinococcosis in Inner Mongolia. Table S2. Demographic characteristics of human Echinococcosis in Sichuan. Table S3. Demographic characteristics of human Echinococcosis in Yunnan. Table S4. Demographic characteristics of human Echinococcosis in Tibet. Table S5. Demographic characteristics of human Echinococcosis in Shaanxi. Table S6. Demographic characteristics of human Echinococcosis in Gansu. Table S7. Demographic characteristics of human Echinococcosis in Qinghai. Table S8. Demographic characteristics of human Echinococcosis in Ningxia. Table S9. Demographic characteristics of human Echinococcosis in Xinjiang.
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- 2023
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10. Additional file 7 of Epidemiological characteristics and risk factors for cystic and alveolar echinococcosis in China: an analysis of a national population-based field survey
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Ma, Tian, Wang, Qian, Hao, Mengmeng, Xue, Chuizhao, Wang, Xu, Han, Shuai, Zhao, Jiangshan, Ma, Xiao, Wu, Xianglin, Jiang, Xiaofeng, Cao, Lei, Yang, Yaming, Feng, Yu, Gongsang, Quzhen, Scheffran, Jürgen, Fang, Liqun, Maude, Richard James, Zheng, Canjun, Ding, Fangyu, Wu, Weiping, and Jiang, Dong
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Additional file 7. Table S12. Statistic results of GLM model for cystic and alveolar echinococcosis.
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- 2023
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11. Additional file 1 of Epidemiological characteristics and risk factors for cystic and alveolar echinococcosis in China: an analysis of a national population-based field survey
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Ma, Tian, Wang, Qian, Hao, Mengmeng, Xue, Chuizhao, Wang, Xu, Han, Shuai, Zhao, Jiangshan, Ma, Xiao, Wu, Xianglin, Jiang, Xiaofeng, Cao, Lei, Yang, Yaming, Feng, Yu, Gongsang, Quzhen, Scheffran, Jürgen, Fang, Liqun, Maude, Richard James, Zheng, Canjun, Ding, Fangyu, Wu, Weiping, and Jiang, Dong
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Additional file 1. Questionnaire 1. Household basic information questionnaire. Questionnaire 2. Knowledge for echinococcosis prevention and control.
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- 2023
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12. Additional file 2 of Epidemiological characteristics and risk factors for cystic and alveolar echinococcosis in China: an analysis of a national population-based field survey
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Ma, Tian, Wang, Qian, Hao, Mengmeng, Xue, Chuizhao, Wang, Xu, Han, Shuai, Zhao, Jiangshan, Ma, Xiao, Wu, Xianglin, Jiang, Xiaofeng, Cao, Lei, Yang, Yaming, Feng, Yu, Gongsang, Quzhen, Scheffran, Jürgen, Fang, Liqun, Maude, Richard James, Zheng, Canjun, Ding, Fangyu, Wu, Weiping, and Jiang, Dong
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Additional file 2. Figure S1. The spatial distribution of environmental, biological and social factors adopted in this study. Figure S2. Correlation and variance inflation factorof variables adopted in cystic echinococcosis modeling. Figure S3. Correlation and variance inflation factorof variables adopted in alveolar echinococcosis modeling. Figure S4. Sex-age specific distribution of cystic echinococcosisand alveolar echinococcosisat nation level. Figure S5. Sex-age specific distribution of cystic echinococcosisand alveolar echinococcosisby province.
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- 2023
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13. Epidemiological characteristics and risk factors for cystic and alveolar echinococcosis in China: an analysis of a national population-based field survey.
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Ma, Tian, Wang, Qian, Hao, Mengmeng, Xue, Chuizhao, Wang, Xu, Han, Shuai, Zhao, Jiangshan, Ma, Xiao, Wu, Xianglin, Jiang, Xiaofeng, Cao, Lei, Yang, Yaming, Feng, Yu, Gongsang, Quzhen, Scheffran, Jürgen, Fang, Liqun, Maude, Richard James, Zheng, Canjun, Ding, Fangyu, and Wu, Weiping
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ECHINOCOCCUS granulosus ,ECHINOCOCCOSIS ,FIELD research ,GROSS domestic product ,TROPICAL medicine ,DEMOGRAPHIC characteristics - Abstract
Background: Human cystic and alveolar echinococcosis are neglected tropical diseases that WHO has prioritized for control in recent years. Both diseases impose substantial burdens on public health and the socio-economy in China. In this study, which is based on the national echinococcosis survey from 2012 to 2016, we aim to describe the spatial prevalence and demographic characteristics of cystic and alveolar echinococcosis infections in humans and assess the impact of environmental, biological and social factors on both types of the disease. Methods: We computed the sex-, age group-, occupation- and education level-specific prevalences of cystic and alveolar echinococcosis at national and sub-national levels. We mapped the geographical distribution of echinococcosis prevalence at the province, city and county levels. Finally, by analyzing the county-level echinococcosis cases combined with a range of associated environmental, biological and social factors, we identified and quantified the potential risk factors for echinococcosis using a generalized linear model. Results: A total of 1,150,723 residents were selected and included in the national echinococcosis survey between 2012 and 2016, of whom 4161 and 1055 tested positive for cystic and alveolar echinococcosis, respectively. Female gender, older age, occupation at herdsman, occupation as religious worker and illiteracy were identified as risk factors for both types of echinococcosis. The prevalence of echinococcosis was found to vary geographically, with areas of high endemicity observed in the Tibetan Plateau region. Cystic echinococcosis prevalence was positively correlated with cattle density, cattle prevalence, dog density, dog prevalence, number of livestock slaughtered, elevation and grass area, and negatively associated with temperature and gross domestic product (GDP). Alveolar echinococcosis prevalence was positively correlated with precipitation, level of awareness, elevation, rodent density and rodent prevalence, and negatively correlated with forest area, temperature and GDP. Our results also implied that drinking water sources are significantly associated with both diseases. Conclusions: The results of this study provide a comprehensive understanding of geographical patterns, demographic characteristics and risk factors of cystic and alveolar echinococcosis in China. This important information will contribute towards developing targeted prevention measures and controlling diseases from the public health perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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14. Geographic distribution and prevalence of human echinococcosis at the township level in the Tibet Autonomous Region
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Min Qin, Roger Frutos, Hua-Sheng Pang, Ze-hang Liu, Gongsang Quzhen, Laurent Gavotte, and Li-Ying Wang
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China ,Human echinococcosis ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Tibet ,Echinococcosis ,Echinococcus ,Geographic distribution ,Geography ,Infectious Diseases ,Zoonoses ,medicine ,Prevalence ,Animals ,Humans ,Tibet Autonomous Region ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 ,Cartography ,Research Article - Abstract
Background Echinococcosis, a zoonotic parasitic disease, is caused by larval stages of cestodes in the Echinococcus genus. Echinococcosis is highly prevalent in ten provinces/autonomous regions of western and northern China. In 2016, an epidemiological survey of Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR) revealed that the prevalence of human echinococcosis was 1.66%, which was much higher than the average prevalence in China (0.24%). Therefore, to improve on the current prevention and control measures, it is important to understand the prevalence and spatial distribution characteristics of human echinococcosis at the township level in TAR. Methods Data for echinococcosis cases in 2018 were obtained from the annual report system of echinococcosis of Tibet Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Diagnosis had been performed via B-ultrasonography. The epidemic status of echinococcosis in all townships in TAR was classified according to the relevant standards of population prevalence indices as defined in the national technical plan for echinococcosis control. Spatial scan statistics were performed to establish the geographical townships that were most at risk of echinococcosis. Results In 2018, a total of 16,009 echinococcosis cases, whose prevalence was 0.53%, were recorded in 74 endemic counties in TAR. Based on the order of the epidemic degree, all the 692 townships were classified from high to low degrees. Among them, 127 townships had prevalence rates ≥ 1%. The high prevalence of human echinococcosis in TAR, which is associated with a wide geographic distribution, is a medical concern. Approximately 94.65% of the villages and towns reported echinococcosis cases. According to spatial distribution analysis, the prevalence of human echinococcosis was found to be clustered, with the specific clustering areas being identified. The cystic echinococcosis primary cluster covered 88 townships, while that of alveolar echinococcosis’s covered 38 townships. Conclusions This study shows spatial distributions of echinococcosis with different epidemic degrees in 692 townships of TAR and high-risk cluster areas at the township level. Our findings indicate that strengthening the echinococcosis prevention and control strategies in TAR should directed at townships with a high prevalence and high-risk clustering areas. Graphical Abstract
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- 2022
15. Reducing Canine Echinococcus Infection with Smart Deworming Collars — Tibet, China, June–November, 2020
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Danzeng Quzhen, Shijie Yang, Zhao-Hui Luo, Hua-Sheng Pang, Ning Xiao, Gongsang Quzhen, Suolang Wangjie, Junying Ma, Qing Yu, Jingzhong Li, and Xiao-Nong Zhou
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biology ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Echinococcosis ,humanities ,Infection rate ,law.invention ,Deworming ,Preplanned Studies ,Geography ,Transmission (mechanics) ,Echinococcus ,law ,Environmental health ,parasitic diseases ,medicine ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,Remote management - Abstract
What is already known about this topic? Existing manual deworming programs launched have made great progress in reducing the Echinococcus infection rate of domestic dogs, but significant challenges remain in scattered nomadic communities inhabiting the Tibetan Plateau. The low deworming frequency and low levels of coverage were responsible for the high infection rate of Echinococcus spp. among dogs. What is added by this report? Smart deworming collars controlled by a remote management system (RMS) was found to increase the deworming frequency and coverage and subsequently reduce the canine infection rates with Echinococcus spp. . What are the implications for public health practice? As an innovative tool, smart deworming collars may drive the paradigm shift from manual deworming to smart deworming and stop the transmission of echinococcosis.
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- 2020
16. Smart deworming collar: A novel tool for reducing Echinococcus infection in dogs
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Hua-Sheng Pang, Gongsang Quzhen, Qing Yu, Ning Xiao, Hong-Lin Jiang, Yu Feng, Yi-Biao Zhou, Ting Zhang, Zhuo-Li Shen, Shijie Yang, Shi-Cheng Yi, Bin-Bin Zhang, Zhao-Hui Luo, Junying Ma, Jingzhong Li, Chuang Li, Xiao-Nong Zhou, and Ke-Sheng Hou
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Male ,Physiology ,Eggs ,Flatworms ,RC955-962 ,Tibet ,Praziquantel ,Collar ,Geographical Locations ,Deworming ,Medical Conditions ,0302 clinical medicine ,Reproductive Physiology ,Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Medicine ,Dog Diseases ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Animal Management ,Mammals ,Anthelmintics ,Geography ,biology ,Risk of infection ,Eukaryota ,Agriculture ,Echinococcosis ,Infectious Diseases ,Helminth Infections ,Parasitic disease ,Vertebrates ,Female ,Livestock ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 ,Internet of Things ,Research Article ,Neglected Tropical Diseases ,China ,Asia ,030231 tropical medicine ,03 medical and health sciences ,Dogs ,Helminths ,Environmental health ,Parasitic Diseases ,Animals ,Tibetan Plateau ,business.industry ,Organisms ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Tropical Diseases ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Invertebrates ,Echinococcus ,Earth sciences ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Amniotes ,People and Places ,business ,Zoology ,Geographic areas - Abstract
Echinococcosis is a serious zoonotic parasitic disease transmitted from canines to humans and livestock. Periodic deworming is recommended by the WHO/OIE as a highly effective measure against echinococcosis. However, manual deworming involves significant challenges, particularly in remote areas with scarce resources. The insufficient awareness delivering praziquantel (PZQ) baits for dogs leads to low compliance rate. The aim of this study was therefore to develop a novel smart collar for dogs to address these challenges. We developed a smart Internet of Things (IoT)-based deworming collar which can deliver PZQ baits for dogs automatically, regularly, quantitatively with predominant characteristics of being waterproof, anti-collision, cold-proof and long life battery. Its performance was tested in two remote locations on the Tibetan Plateau. A cross-sectional survey was conducted to evaluate the compliance of the dog owners. Further, a randomized controlled study was performed to evaluate the difference between smart-collar deworming and manual deworming. The collar’s effectiveness was further assessed on the basis of Generalized Estimation Equations (GEE). The testing and evaluation was done for 10 smart deworming collars in factory laboratory, 18 collars attached for 18 dogs in Seni district, Tibet Autonomous Region, China, and 523 collars attached for 523 dogs in Hezuo city, Gansu province, China. The anti-collision, waterproof, and coldproof proportion of the smart collars were 100.0%, 99.5%, and 100.0%, respectively. When compared to manual deworming, the dogs’ risk of infection with Echinococcus on smart-collar deworming is down to 0.182 times (95% CI: 0.049, 0.684) in Seni district and 0.355 (95%CI: 0.178, 0.706) in Hezuo city, the smart collar has a significant protective effect. The owners’ overall compliance rate to attach the smart collars for their dogs was 89%. The smart deworming collar could effectively reduce the dogs’ risk of infection with Echinococcus in dogs, significantly increase the deworming frequency and coverage and rapidly remove worm biomass in dogs. Thus, it may be a promising alternative to manual deworming, particularly in remote areas on the Tibetan Plateau., Author summary Echinococcosis remains a critical but neglected zoonotic parasitic disease transmitted between canines and livestock or wild rodents. Dogs play a key role in Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l.) and E. multilocularis transmission, dual infection also occurs in dogs in co-endemic regions in China. The initial egg-production phase occurs over a span of 34–58 days (E. granulosus) or 28–35 days (E. multilocularis) following infection. The free-living eggs, voided with faeces of the definitive host, can withstand extreme weather conditions and remain viable for 240 days (E. granulosus) or 41 months (E. multilocularis) in the environment. Removal or reduction of the worm biomass in dogs will have the greatest and fastest effect in terms of reducing active transmission. In China, although significant efforts have been expended to achieve monthly manual deworming, the actual frequency and coverage thereof remain low; therefore, Echinococcus spp. is still highly prevalent among dogs. Moreover, echinococcosis transmission is still rampant, as the heavy disease burden suggests. We propose a novel, smart, Internet of Things (IoT)-based deworming tool that can deliver PZQ baits to dogs regularly and automatically. It could increase the deworming frequency and coverage significantly, reduce the risk of infection by down to 0.182–0.355 times, and prevent canine infections by removing the worm biomass in dogs rapidly. This deworming collar could also potentially prevent the transmission of echinococcosis from dogs to humans and livestock completely. It may be an excellent alternative to existing manual deworming methods, and the difficulties associated with performing deworming in remote areas with scarce resources can be overcome. Since the discovery of PZQ as the most effective antiworm drug, few breakthroughs have been achieved in terms of novel tools and technologies for the control of echinococcosis. Over the last 50 years, echinococcosis control measures have lagged to keep up with the World Health Organization (WHO) roadmap for the elimination of the disease owing to the practical difficulties in remote areas with scarce resources as well as the lack of promotion of new technologies. We expect the proposed smart deworming collar to herald the development of more innovative technologies for controlling echinococcosis by accelerating the elimination of the disease.
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- 2021
17. Effects of management of infection source of echinococcosis in Linzhi, Tibet Autonomous Region of China
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Li-Ying Wang, Hua-Sheng Pang, Gongsang Quzhen, Bing-Cheng Ma, and Ying Wang
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0301 basic medicine ,Dog management ,China ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Veterinary medicine ,030231 tropical medicine ,Population ,Stray dog ,lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases ,Feces ,03 medical and health sciences ,Dogs ,0302 clinical medicine ,Echinococcosis ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,lcsh:RC109-216 ,Dog Diseases ,education ,education.field_of_study ,Case Study ,biology ,business.industry ,Antinematodal Agents ,lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,lcsh:RA1-1270 ,General Medicine ,Elisa assay ,030108 mycology & parasitology ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Dog infection ,Linzhi ,Infectious Diseases ,Echinococcus ,Tropical medicine ,business ,Prevention campaign - Abstract
Background Echinococcosis is highly endemic in western and northern China. Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR) is the most serious prevalent area. Linzhi is located in southeastern part of TAR. Dogs are the primary infection source for the transmission of echinococcosis to humans. A control and prevention campaign based on dog management has been implemented in the past three years. This study aims to evaluate the effects of dog management on the infection rate of dogs. Methods Data of dog population, registration and de-worming of seven counties/district in Linzhi between 2017 and 2019 were obtained from the annual prevention and control report. Domestic dog fecal samples were collected from each endemic town of seven counties/district in Linzhi in 2019 to determine the infection of domestic dogs using coproantigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Data analysis was processed using SPSS statistics to compare dog infection rate between 2016 and 2019 by chi-square test, and maps were mapped using ArcGIS. Results In Linzhi, domestic dog population has decreased from 17 407 in 2017 to 12 663 in 2019, while the registration rate has increased from 75.9% in 2017 to 98.6% in 2019. Similarly, stray dog population has decreased from 14 336 in 2017 to 11 837 in 2019, while sheltered rate has increased from 84.6% in 2017 to 96.6% in 2019. Dog de-worming frequency has increased from 4 times per annum in 2017 to 12 times in 2019, indicating that approximately every dog was dewormed monthly. A total of 2715 dog fecal samples were collected for coproantigen ELISA assay. The dog infection rate was 2.8% (77/2715) in 2019, which was significantly lower than 7.3% (45/618) in 2016 (P Conclusions Increased dog registration, decreased dog population, and increased dog de-worming frequency contributed to significantly decrease the dog infection rate in Linzhi. Control and prevention campaign based on dog management could significantly decrease dog infection with Echinococcus spp. in echinococcosis endemic areas.
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- 2021
18. Epidemiological survey of echinococcosis in Tibet Autonomous Region of China
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Zhongjie Li, Chuizhao Xue, Niji, Li-Ying Wang, Gongsang Quzhen, Ying Wang, Gesang Zuoga, Xiao-Gang Wei, Bing-Cheng Ma, Ning Xiao, Xin-Liu Yan, Bin Li, Wei-Qi Chen, Xiao-Nong Zhou, Shuai Han, Yong Huang, M. Linda Quick, Canjun Zheng, Gangzhu, Bianba, Wei-Ping Wu, and Gasong
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Male ,Tibet ,law.invention ,Feces ,0302 clinical medicine ,law ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Epidemiology ,Prevalence ,Public Health Surveillance ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Dog Diseases ,Child ,Ultrasonography ,Aged, 80 and over ,education.field_of_study ,biology ,Geography ,lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,Echinococcosis ,Infectious Diseases ,Transmission (mechanics) ,Animals, Domestic ,Child, Preschool ,Livestock ,Female ,Research Article ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,China ,Adolescent ,030231 tropical medicine ,Population ,Antibodies, Helminth ,Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ,lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,Age Distribution ,Dogs ,Environmental health ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,lcsh:RC109-216 ,Sex Distribution ,education ,Aged ,business.industry ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Infant ,lcsh:RA1-1270 ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Echinococcus ,business - Abstract
Background The echinococcosis is prevalent in 10 provinces /autonomous region in western and northern China. Epidemiological survey of echinococcosis in China in 2012 showed the average prevalence of four counties in Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR) is 4.23%, much higher than the average prevalence in China (0.24%). It is important to understand the transmission risks and the prevalence of echinococcosis in human and animals in TAR. Methods A stratified and proportionate sampling method was used to select samples in TAR. The selected residents were examined by B-ultrasonography diagnostic, and the faeces of dogs were tested for the canine coproantigen against Echinococcus spp. using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The internal organs of slaughtered domestic animals were examined by visual examination and palpation. The awareness of the prevention and control of echinococcosis among of residents and students was investigated using questionnaire. All data were inputted using double entry in the Epi Info database, with error correction by double-entry comparison, the statistical analysis of all data was processed using SPSS 21.0, and the map was mapped using ArcGIS 10.1, the data was tested by Chi-square test and Cochran-Armitage trend test. Results A total of 80 384 people, 7564 faeces of dogs, and 2103 internal organs of slaughtered domestic animals were examined. The prevalence of echinococcosis in humans in TAR was 1.66%, the positive rate in females (1.92%) was significantly higher than that in males (1.41%), (χ2 = 30.31, P
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- 2019
19. The Effects of Management of Infection Source of Echinococcosis in Linzhi, Tibet Autonomous Region of China
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Ying Wang, Bing-Cheng Ma, Liying Wang, Gongsang Quzhen, and Hua-Sheng Pang
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Background Echinococcosis is highly endemic in western and northern China, Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR)is one of the most serious prevalent areas where the prevalence of echinococcosis in 2016 was 1.66% in humans and dog infection rate was 7.30%. Linzhi is located in southeastern part of TAR where the prevalence of echinococcosis in 2016 was 1.55% in humans and in dog infection rate was 7.28%.Dogs are the main infection source for the transmission of echinococcosis to humans. A control and prevention campaignbased on dog management has been conductedin the past three years. This study is toevaluate the effects of dog management on infection rate of dogs.Methods Data of dog population, registration and de-worming of 7 counties/district in Linzhi from 2017 to 2019 were collected. Domestic dog fecal samples were collected from each endemic town of7 counties/district in Linzhiin 2019 to determine the infection of dogsusing coproantigen ELISA. Data analysis was processed using SPSS statistics to compare dog infection rate between 2016 and 2019 by chi-square test, and maps were mapped using ArcGIS.Results In Linzhi, domestic dog population decreased from 17407 in 2017, 16512 in 2018, to 12663 in 2019, whilethe registration rate increased from 75.92% in 2017, 95.48% in 2018, to 98.64% in 2019. Similarly, stray dog populationdecreased from 14336 in 2017, 13067 in 2018, to 11837 in 2019, while sheltered rateincreased from 84.63% in 2017, 92.32% in 2018, to 96.63% in 2019.Dog de-worming frequency increased from 4 times per annum in 2017 to 12 times in 2019, indicating almost every dog was dewormed monthly. A total of 2715 dog fecal samples were collected for coproantigen ELISA assay. The dog infection rate was 2.84% (77/2715) in 2019, which was significantly lower than7.28% (45/618) in 2016 (P<0.05).Conclusion Increased dog registration, decreased dog population and increased dog de-worming frequency contributed to significantly decreased dog infection rate in Linzhi, TAR. Control and prevention campaign based on dog management can significantly decrease dog infection with Echinococcus spp in echinococcosis endemic areas.
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- 2020
20. National Alveolar Echinococcosis Distribution - China, 2012-2016
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Ying Wang, Fanka Li, Gongsang Quzhen, Chuizhao Xue, Jiangping Cao, Yu Feng, Qing Yu, Xin-Liu Yan, Hu Wang, Jun Yan, Shicheng Yu, Xiao-Nong Zhou, Qian Wang, Lei Cao, Xianglin Wu, Weidong Guo, Yaming Yang, Zhongjie Li, Xiao Ma, Xiaofeng Jiang, Wei-Ping Wu, Shuai Han, Li-Ying Wang, Yan-Yan Hou, Meihua Fu, Ning Xiao, Xiumin Han, Junying Ma, Canjun Zheng, and Wei-Qi Chen
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Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Cystic echinococcosis ,business.industry ,Public health ,Mortality rate ,Psychological intervention ,Distribution (economics) ,Alveolar echinococcosis ,Survey result ,Preplanned Studies ,Medicine ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,China ,business - Abstract
What is already known about this topic? Both alveolar echinococcosis (AE) and cystic echinococcosis are endemic in China, among which alveolar echinococcosis has a very high mortality rate. What is added by this report? The survey results showed the prevalence and scope of AE in China and identified high-risk groups including children, monks, herdsmen and illiterate people. At the same time, all the cases found in the survey (more than 90% of the patients did not go to the hospital for diagnosis and treatment before survey) were promptly diagnosed and treated. What are the implications for public health practice? This study provides information for the development of a plan for AE prevention and control and for the implementation of interventions targeted to high-risk populations.
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- 2019
21. Identification of vulnerable populations and knowledge, attitude, and practice analysis of echinococcosis in Tibet Autonomous Region of China
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Yin, Jie, primary, Gongsang, Quzhen, additional, Wang, Liying, additional, Li, Chenlu, additional, and Wu, Xiaoxu, additional
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- 2020
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22. Geographical Detector-based influence factors analysis for Echinococcosis prevalence in Tibet, China
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Shuai Han, Weiping Wu, Fangyu Ding, Tian Ma, Gongsang Quzhen, Canjun Zheng, Shize Zhang, Chuizhao Xue, Peiwei Fan, Dong Jiang, and Mengmeng Hao
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0301 basic medicine ,Epidemiology ,RC955-962 ,Prevalence ,Tibet ,Geographical Locations ,Medical Conditions ,0302 clinical medicine ,Zoonoses ,Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,Environmental Geography ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Dog Diseases ,Mammals ,education.field_of_study ,Geography ,Zoonosis ,Eukaryota ,Spatial epidemiology ,030108 mycology & parasitology ,Echinococcosis ,Infectious Diseases ,Veterinary Diseases ,Helminth Infections ,Parasitic disease ,Vertebrates ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 ,Research Article ,Neglected Tropical Diseases ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Asia ,030231 tropical medicine ,Population ,Cattle Diseases ,03 medical and health sciences ,Dogs ,Environmental health ,Parasitic Diseases ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,China ,education ,Public health ,Ecology and Environmental Sciences ,Organisms ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Tropical Diseases ,medicine.disease ,Echinococcus ,Medical Risk Factors ,Amniotes ,People and Places ,Earth Sciences ,Veterinary Science ,Cattle ,Zoology - Abstract
Echinococcosis, caused by genus Echinococcus, is the most pathogenic zoonotic parasitic disease in the world. In Tibet of the People’s Republic of China, echinococcosis refers principally to two types of severe zoonosis, cystic echinococcosis (CE) and alveolar echinococcosis (AE), which place a serious burden on public health and economy in the local community. However, research on the spatial epidemiology of echinococcosis remains inadequate in Tibet, China. Based on the recorded human echinococcosis data, maps of the spatial distribution of human CE and AE prevalence in Tibet were produced at city level and county level respectively, which show that the prevalence of echinococcosis in northern and western Tibet was much higher than that in other regions. We employ a geographical detector to explore the influencing factors for causing CE and AE while sorting information on the maps of disease prevalence and environment factors (e.g. terrain, population, and yak population). The results of our analysis showed that biological factors have the most impact on the prevalence of echinococcosis, of which the yak population contributes the most for CE, while the dog population contributes the most for AE. In addition, the interaction between various factors, as we found out, might further explain the disease prevalence, which indicated that the echinococcosis prevalence is not simply affected by one single factor, but by multiple factors that are correlated with each other complicatedly. Our results will provide an important reference for the evaluation of the echinococcosis risk, control projects, and prevention programs in Tibet., Author summary Echinococcosis, a worldwide zoonosis caused by genus Echinococcus, is highly endemic in Tibet of China. CE and AE as two main types of Echinococcosis are causing serious health burdens, thereby attracting more attention to public health in Tibet. This work provides detailed geographical information about CE and AE prevalence based on the recorded human echinococcosis data from CDC. A geographical detector was employed to explore the potential environmental factors that influence these diseases and to quantify the specific contribution of each factor as well as discovering the interaction between factors. The results showed that biological factors have the most impact on the prevalence of echinococcosis, of which the yak population contributes most to CE while the dog population makes the most contribution to AE. Besides, the interactive results greatly improved the explanation of the two diseases, indicating that the echinococcosis prevalence is not simply affected by one factor, but by various interrelated factors. Such research can be beneficial to the evaluation, control projects, and prevention programs of the echinococcosis risk in Tibet.
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- 2021
23. Additional file 1: of Epidemiological survey of echinococcosis in Tibet Autonomous Region of China
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Li, Bin, Gongsang Quzhen, Chui-Zhao Xue, Shuai Han, Chen, Wei-Qi, Xin-Liu Yan, Li, Zhong-Jie, M. Quick, Huang, Yong, Xiao, Ning, Wang, Ying, Wang, Li-Ying, Gesang Zuoga, Bianba, Gangzhu, Ma, Bing-Cheng, Gasong, Wei, Xiao-Gang, Niji, Can-Jun Zheng, Wu, Wei-Ping, and Xiao-Nong Zhou
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Multilingual abstracts in the five official working languages of the United Nations. (PDF 204 kb)
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- 2019
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24. Factors influencing the spatial distribution of cystic echinococcosis in Tibet, China
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Tian Ma, Chuizhao Xue, Canjun Zheng, Gongsang Quzhen, Weiping Wu, Dong Jiang, Shuai Han, and Fangyu Ding
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China ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Environmental Engineering ,Geographic information system ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Population ,010501 environmental sciences ,Tibet ,Spatial distribution ,01 natural sciences ,Dogs ,Echinococcosis ,Environmental health ,Epidemiology ,Prevalence ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Environmental Chemistry ,Echinococcus granulosus ,education ,Waste Management and Disposal ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,education.field_of_study ,biology ,business.industry ,Cystic echinococcosis ,Public health ,biology.organism_classification ,Pollution ,Geography ,Geographic Information Systems ,Public Health ,business - Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis (CE), which is caused by Echinococcus granulosus, is a worldwide helminthozoonosis that is highly endemic in the Tibet Autonomous Region of China and has important public health and economic impacts. However, the spatial epidemiological characteristics of CE in Tibet are still unclear. Based on recorded human CE cases and the use of a geographic information system, the spatial distribution patterns of CE prevalence at three different scales were analyzed. In addition, a spatial agglomeration map of CE prevalence was generated based on cold/hot spot analysis. By combining maps of environmental and biological covariates with information about known human CE cases, the links between CE prevalence and relevant covariates were explored, revealing that the annual average precipitation, elevation, water accessibility and animal population (dog and yak) were associated with the prevalence of CE at the significance level of P
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- 2021
25. Characterizing dynamic changes of plasma cell-free Echinococcus granulosus DNA before and after cystic echinococcosis treatment initiation.
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Zhao, Yanping, Gongsang, Quzhen, Ji, Jingkai, Li, Junhua, Qi, Fahai, Li, Jiandong, Qiangba, Gezhen, Danzeng, Wangmu, Chen, Fang, Zhou, Hongcheng, Huasang, Yin, Jiefang, Pei, Na, Xie, Jiandan, Cai, Huimin, Asan, Pang, Huasheng, Li, Jingzhong, Chen, Weijun, and Li, Bin
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ECHINOCOCCUS granulosus , *ECHINOCOCCOSIS , *DNA , *ULTRASONIC imaging , *PHARMACODYNAMICS , *CELL-free DNA - Abstract
Over one million people are living with cystic echinococcosis (CE) and alveolar echinococcosis (AE). For CE, long-term albendazole treatment is often needed, which requires regular follow-up. Follow-up is mainly through imaging which is insensitive to subtle changes and subjective to experience. We investigated the changes of Echinococcus granulosus (Eg) cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in plasma of CE patients before and after albendazole treatment to evaluate its potential as an objective marker for treatment follow-up. Plasma samples of nine CE patients were collected before and after treatment. We identified Eg cfDNA from every sample through high-throughput sequencing. Eg cfDNA concentration and fragment length increased significantly after the treatment period. Ultrasound examination before and after the treatment initiation reflected the drug effects to a certain extent, as the cyst size of four patients reduced. Our findings indicated that Eg cfDNA from plasma could be a potential marker in the monitoring of CE treatment. • Over 1,000,000 people are living with echinococcosis (mostly cystic echinococcosis). • For CE, long-term albendazole treatment is often needed with regular monitoring. • Monitoring through imaging is not objective and fails to identify subtle changes. • Echinococcus granulosus (Eg) cfDNA in CE patients' plasma changed after treatment. • Eg cfDNA in CE patients' plasma could be a potential marker in monitoring treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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26. Comprehensive characterization of plasma cell-free Echinococcus spp. DNA in echinococcosis patients using ultra-high-throughput sequencing.
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Ji, Jingkai, Li, Bin, Li, Jingzhong, Danzeng, Wangmu, Li, Jiandong, Zhao, Yanping, Qiangba, Gezhen, Zhang, Qingda, Renzhen, Nibu, Basang, Zhuoga, Jia, Changlin, Gongsang, Quzhen, Ma, Jinmin, Wang, Yicong, Chen, Fang, Zhou, Hongcheng, Huasang, Yin, Jiefang, Xie, Jiandan, and Pei, Na
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ECHINOCOCCUS ,HEPATIC echinococcosis ,DNA ,NUCLEIC acids ,CARDIOVASCULAR system ,PARASITIC diseases ,FISH parasites - Abstract
Background: Echinococcosis is a life-threatening parasitic disease caused by Echinococcus spp. tapeworms with over one million people affected globally at any time. The Echinococcus spp. tapeworms in the human body release DNA to the circulatory system, which can be a biomarker for echinococcosis. Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is widely used in medical research and has been applied in various clinical settings. As for echinococcosis, several PCR-based tests had been trialed to detect cell-free Echinococcus spp. DNA in plasma or serum, but the sensitivity was about 20% to 25%. Low sensitivity of PCR-based methods might be related to our limited understanding of the features of cell-free Echinococcus spp. DNA in plasma, including its concentration, fragment pattern and release source. In this study, we applied ultra-high-throughput sequencing to comprehensively investigate the characteristics of cell-free Echinococcus spp. DNA in plasma of echinococcosis patients. Methodology/Principal findings: We collected plasma samples from 23 echinococcosis patients. Total plasma cfDNA was extracted and sequenced with a high-throughput sequencing platform. An average of 282 million read pairs were obtained for each plasma sample. Sequencing data were analyzed with bioinformatics workflow combined with Echinococcus spp. sequence database. After identification of cell-free Echinococcus spp. reads, we found that the cell-free Echinococcus spp. reads accounted for 1.8e-5 to 4.0e-9 of the total clean reads. Comparing fragment length distribution of cfDNA between Echinococcus spp. and humans showed that cell-free Echinococcus spp. DNA of cystic echinococcosis (CE) had a broad length range, while that of alveolar echinococcosis (AE) had an obvious peak at about 135 bp. We found that most of the cell-free Echinococcus spp. DNA reads were from the nuclear genome with an even distribution, which might indicate a random release pattern of cell-free Echinococcus spp. DNA. Conclusions/Significance: With ultra-high-throughput sequencing technology, we analyzed the concentration, fragment length, release source, and other characteristics of cell-free Echinococcus spp. DNA in the plasma of echinococcosis patients. A better understanding of the characteristics of cell-free Echinococcus spp. DNA in plasma may facilitate their future application as a biomarker for diagnosis. Author summary: Echinococcosis is one of the most neglected tropical diseases caused by the metacestodes of Echinococcus spp. tapeworms, which affect both humans and livestock. Plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) consists of nucleic acid fragments found extracellularly and may contain DNA released from the parasites. Research shows that a variety of parasites can be detected from plasma cfDNA. Cell-free Echinococcus spp. DNA in plasma or serum had been tested with PCR-based methods, but these PCR methods had low sensitivity ranged from 20% to 25%. Low sensitivity may be due to our limited understanding of cell-free Echinococcus spp. DNA in plasma. Here, we take advantage of high-throughput sequencing to get a comprehensive characterization of cell-free Echinococcus spp. DNA. Our results showed that with high-throughput sequencing we could detect cell-free Echinococcus spp. DNA in all samples, though at a very low level. Based on the sequencing data, we found that cell-free Echinococcus spp. DNA in plasma had a different fragment length distribution to cell-free human DNA, and fragment length distribution of cell-free Echinococcus spp. DNA is also different between cystic echinococcosis (CE) and alveolar echinococcosis (AE). The sequencing data can also help trace the release source of cell-free Echinococcus spp. DNA from the genome. According to the mapping results of cell-free Echinococcus spp. DNA reads, we found that most of them were from the nuclear genome rather than the mitochondrial genome, and their release position showed an even distribution on the genome. These characteristics of cell-free Echinococcus spp. DNA in echinococcosis patients' plasma could facilitate their future application in research or clinical settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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